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GEODYNAMICS 运动学
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.23939/jgd2023.02.033
Mykhailo Matrofailo
The purpose of this work is to analyze geodynamic processes of origination, geological development, and Post-Carboniferous alteration of Carboniferous deposits of the Lviv-Volyn Basin. The methodology is based on historical-geological and facies studies. It includes a comparison of the capacities and distribution of deposits of different ages in the region as well as a dynamic analysis of the formation of coal deposits in the basin. The conducted investigations showed that the territory of the Lviv-Volyn Basin had a special history of geostructural Pre- Carboniferous development that sufficiently influenced its formation and caused geotectonic and morpho-structural alterations. The formation of this region resulted from complex and prolonged, during several tectonic stages, processes of interaction between the zones of tectonic activity and regional fractures connected with it. Activation of these zones happened to be at definite periods of geological time and was manifested in the development of concrete geostructural elements. Tectonic events of all periods of sedimentary cover formation were individual and unique. They became the basis for the formation and changes in the overall structure of the southwestern edge of the East European Platform and, in particular, the Lviv-Volyn Basin, as part of the Lviv-Lublin Trough. With other geostructural relations, the tectonic structure of the basin would be significantly different. In the Paleozoic era, the structural elements of the north-western and south-eastern extension played a decisive role in the formation of this territory. Originality. Based on the analysis of the thickness of the region's deposits of different ages it was shown that forces of horizontal compression affected the coal-bearing unit during the geological formation of the basin. During their influence, there was a depression of the territory, which led to the formation of primary tectonic forms and Post-Carboniferous main tectonic and morphological structures. The coal-bearing deposits have undergone repeated wash-outs, resulting in a shortening of the section and a significant decrease in the volume of the productive part of the coal formation.There is a graphic representation of the change dynamics in the location of crystalline basement surface at different stages of tectonic formation of sedimentary thickness of the basin, whose inclination was different. Practical significance. The conducted research determined stage-by-stage geodynamic development of the territory of the Lviv-Volyn Basin. Five distinct stages can be identified in the formation of coal-bearing deposits, from their origin to their eventual erosion. These stages reflect the unique features of coal formation and geodynamic processes. The geological map of the Pre-Mesozoic deposits of the carboniferous coal-bearing megaformation in the Lviv-Lublin Basin provides insight into the geological structure of the Lviv-Volyn and Lublin Basins, highlighting both similari
本文旨在分析利沃夫-沃林盆地石炭系矿床的形成、地质发育和石炭世后蚀变的地球动力学过程。该方法以历史地质和相研究为基础。它包括对该地区不同年龄矿床的容量和分布的比较,以及对盆地内煤层形成的动态分析。研究表明,利沃夫-沃林盆地具有特殊的前石炭世大地构造发展史,对其形成有充分的影响,并引起大地构造和形态构造的改变。该区的形成是在多个构造阶段中,构造活动带与与之相连的区域断裂相互作用的复杂而长期的结果。这些区域的活动发生在特定的地质时期,并表现在混凝土地质构造元素的发育上。各沉积盖层形成时期的构造事件是独立的、独特的。它们成为东欧地台西南边缘整体结构形成和变化的基础,特别是作为利沃夫-卢布林海槽一部分的利沃夫-沃林盆地。与其他地质构造关系相比,盆地的构造构造会有明显的不同。在古生代,西北和东南伸展的构造要素对该地区的形成起了决定性作用。创意。通过对该地区不同时代矿床厚度的分析,表明盆地地质形成过程中,水平压缩力对含煤单元产生了影响。在它们的影响下,该地区形成了凹陷,形成了原始构造形态和石炭世后的主要构造和形态结构。含煤矿床经历了多次冲蚀,导致煤层生产部分的剖面缩短,体积显著减小。用图形表示了盆地沉积厚度在不同构造形成阶段结晶基底面位置的变化动态,其倾斜度不同。现实意义。所进行的研究确定了利沃夫-沃林盆地领土的分阶段地球动力学发展。在含煤矿床的形成过程中,从它们的起源到它们的最终侵蚀,可以确定五个不同的阶段。这些阶段反映了成煤和地球动力学过程的独特特征。利沃夫-卢布林盆地石炭系大型煤系前中生代矿床地质图,揭示了利沃夫-沃林盆地与卢布林盆地地质构造的异同。这些发现有助于我们对利沃夫-沃林盆地石炭系含煤地层形成过程的认识。扩展了我们对煤的分布、煤层形态、煤层厚度结构的认识,可用于与其他盆地含煤地层进行比较。
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引用次数: 0
GEODYNAMICS 运动学
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.23939/jgd2023.02.072
M. Fys, A. Brydun, A. Vovk
The conventional approach to constructing a three-dimensional distribution of the Earth's masses involves using Stokes constants incrementally up to a certain order. However, this study proposes an algorithm that simultaneously considers all of these constants, which could potentially provide a more efficient method. The basis for this is a system of equations obtained by differentiating the Lagrange function, which takes into account the minimum deviation of the three-dimensional mass distribution of the planet's subsoil from one-dimensional referential one. An additional condition, apart from taking into account the Stokes constants, for an unambiguous solution to the problem is to specify the value of the function on the surface of the ellipsoidal planet. It is possible to simplify the calculation process by connecting the indices of summation values in a series of expansions to their one-dimensional analogues in the system of linear equations. The study presents a control example illustrating the application of the given algorithm. In its implementation, a simplified variant of setting the density on the surface of the ocean is taken. The preliminary results of calculations confirm the expediency of this approach and the need to expand such a technique with other conditions for unambiguously solving the inverse problem of potential theory. Objectives. To create and implement the algorithm that takes into account the density of the planet’s subsoil on its surface. Method. The mass distribution function of the planet's subsoil is represented by a decomposition into biorthogonal series, the coefficients of decomposition which are determined from a system of linear equations. The system of equations is obtained from the condition of minimizing the deviation function of the desired mass distribution from the initially determined two-dimensional density distribution (PREM reference model). Results. On the basis of the described algorithm, a three-dimensional model of the density distribution of subsoil masses in the middle of the Earth is obtained, which takes into account Stokes constants up to the eighth order inclusively and corresponds to the surface distribution of masses of the oceanic model of the Earth. Its concise interpretation is also presented.
构建地球质量三维分布的传统方法涉及使用斯托克斯常数递增到一定阶次。然而,本研究提出了一种同时考虑所有这些常数的算法,这有可能提供一种更有效的方法。其基础是通过微分拉格朗日函数得到的方程组,该方程组考虑了行星底土三维质量分布与一维参考质量分布的最小偏差。除了考虑斯托克斯常数外,要明确地解决这个问题,还有一个条件,那就是指定椭圆形行星表面的函数值。通过将一系列展开式中的求和值指数与其线性方程组中的一维类似值联系起来,可以简化计算过程。本研究提供了一个控制实例,说明了给定算法的应用。在实施过程中,对海洋表面密度的设置进行了简化。计算的初步结果证实了这一方法的便捷性,并证明有必要将这一技术扩展到其他条件,以明确解决势理论的逆问题。目标。建立并实施考虑到行星表面底土密度的算法。方法。行星底土的质量分布函数通过分解为双正交序列来表示,分解系数由线性方程组确定。该方程组的条件是使所需质量分布与最初确定的二维密度分布(PREM 参考模型)的偏差函数最小化。结果在所述算法的基础上,获得了地球中部底土质量密度分布的三维模型,该模型考虑了斯托克斯常数(含八阶),并与地球海洋模型的表面质量分布相对应。同时还给出了简明的解释。
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引用次数: 0
GEODYNAMICS 运动学
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.23939/jgd2023.02.053
V. Ņikuļins, Dmytro Malytskyy
The study considers the impact of seismic waves from the source of a potential earthquake in Latvia on the site of the Plavinu hydroelectric power station, which is located in unfavorable geological, tectonic, and geodynamic conditions. A direct seismology problem was solved in two stages to assess seismic impacts on the site. In the first stage, the modeling of synthetic seismograms was carried out, and in the second stage, a prediction of seismic impacts at the hydroelectric power station site was conducted. In the first stage, we used wave field modeling applying Green's method. In the second stage, ground motion characteristics were obtained using a one-dimensional, nonlinear ground response analysis method. A wave field of 15 Green's functions was obtained, which was then converted into a 3-component accelerogram. The accelerogram was then used as a seismic impulse to a Prequaternary sediment's surface. A set of engineering and seismic characteristics of soil was obtained, i.e. amplification, Fourier amplitudes, and spectral amplitudes. The paper demonstrates the ability to acquire valuable information about the seismic wave field and ground motion from macroseismic data from historical earthquakes. This is especially important for intra-plate conditions with limited seismic statistics. Prediction of engineering and seismic conditions are of great practical importance since they will allow us to identify the most vulnerable sites of the soil at the Plavinu HPP.
该研究考虑了拉脱维亚潜在地震源产生的地震波对 Plavinu 水电站所在地的影响,该水电站位于不利的地质、构造和地球动力条件下。直接地震学问题分两个阶段解决,以评估地震对该发电站的影响。在第一阶段,我们对合成地震图进行了建模;在第二阶段,我们对水电站所在地的地震影响进行了预测。在第一阶段,我们采用格林方法建立波场模型。在第二阶段,使用一维非线性地面响应分析方法获得了地面运动特征。获得了由 15 个格林函数组成的波场,然后将其转换为 3 分量加速度图。然后将加速度图用作对前第四纪沉积物表面的地震脉冲。获得了一组土壤的工程和地震特征,即放大率、傅里叶振幅和频谱振幅。论文展示了从历史地震的宏观地震数据中获取有价值的地震波场和地面运动信息的能力。这对于地震统计数据有限的板块内部条件尤为重要。对工程和地震条件的预测具有重要的实际意义,因为这将使我们能够确定 Plavinu 水电站土壤中最脆弱的位置。
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引用次数: 0
GEODYNAMICS 运动学
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.23939/jgd2023.02.062
V. Gordienko
Purpose of this work is to refine and complete the energy balance of the Earth's tectonosphere by thermal modeling. The methodology includes a detailed comprehensive analysis of heat generation in the crust and upper mantle throughout the studied geological history of the Earth for 4.2 billion years. Results. Experimental data on radiogenic heat generation in the Earth's crust and upper mantle are summarized. The need for a separate consideration of the heat balance for regions with different endogenous regimes on platforms, in geosynclines and oceans has been established. The average values of heat generation in the crust are about 0.4–0.5 µW/m3. In the upper mantle they are 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 µW/m3, respectively. When taking into account the thicknesses of the solid crust (about 40 km under the platforms and geosynclines and about 6 km under the oceans) and the upper mantle (430-460 km), almost the same number of sources is found under all regions. They are distributed differently. This leads to different variants of geological history. It can be assumed that there are radiogenic heat sources with an intensity of about 0.02 μW/m3 in the transition zone to the lower mantle and in the lower mantle up to about 1100 km. At greater depths in the shell (the total mass of the Earth outside the core) and core, there are no sources. The energy balance of the tectonosphere is calculated for the platforms. Over 3.6 billion years (the period over which it is possible to describe the geological history quite accurately), about 73.5·1014 J/m2 has been carried out by the heat flow. The conductive heat flow during this time carried out 59.5·1014J/m2. The difference corresponds exactly to the needs of all active processes of this period. Originality. The experimental dates of the events also coincide with those calculated by the theory (some of which are for the first time). Practical significance. For the Phanerozoic geosynclines, such control has also been partially performed. The independently determined evolution of the mass flow (which is also of practical importance) in the geological history also agrees with the calculated values.
这项工作的目的是通过热建模来完善和完成地球构造圈的能量平衡。该方法包括对所研究的地球 42 亿年地质历史中地壳和上地幔的发热情况进行详细的综合分析。结果。总结了地壳和上地幔放射性产热的实验数据。已确定有必要单独考虑平台、地球同步脉和海洋中具有不同内生机制的区域的热平衡。地壳产生的热量平均值约为 0.4-0.5 µW/m3。上地幔的平均值分别为 0.04、0.06 和 0.08 µW/m3。考虑到固体地壳的厚度(地台和地壳下约 40 千米,海洋下约 6 千米)和上地幔的厚度(430-460 千米),在所有区域下发现的热源数量几乎相同。它们的分布不同。这就导致了地质历史的不同变体。可以假定,在向下地幔的过渡带和直至约 1100 千米的下地幔中存在强度约为 0.02 μW/m3 的辐射热源。在地壳(地核以外的地球总质量)和地核的更深处,则没有热源。构造层的能量平衡是为平台计算的。在 36 亿年的时间里(在这段时间里,可以相当准确地描述地质历史),热流带走了约 73.5-1014 J/m2 的能量。在此期间,传导热流消耗了 59.5-1014 J/m2。两者之间的差值完全符合这一时期所有活动过程的需要。独创性。事件的实验日期也与理论计算的日期相吻合(其中一些是首次计算)。实际意义。对于新生代的地质旋回,也部分进行了这种控制。独立测定的地质历史中质量流的演变(也具有重要的实际意义)也与计算值相吻合。
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引用次数: 0
GEODYNAMICS
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23939/jgd2023.01.028
O. Kuchin, Hanna Brui, O. Yankin, H. Ishutina
This work aims to develop a method for determining the increase in stresses above an advancing longwall face of Western Donbas mines. The paper presents a solution to the problem. It is based on the analysis of geodetic instrumental observations of the earth's surface lowering and rock mass deformation above the advancing longwall face. Length and propagation in the roof and floor of the extracted seam are the main geometrical parameters of the zone of high rock pressure. Currently, the quantitative parameters of this zone are not considered. And its length under the conditions of Western Donbas is determined with an accuracy of 50%. Thus, research in this direction is relevant. The experimental basis for the research includes the results of observations performed at two vertical borehole extensometers and the results of data processing obtained at more than 30 observation stations on the Earth's surface. Thus, the research specified the geometrical parameters of the zone of high rock pressure and the nature of the vertical stress distribution within this zone. The paper introduces a method to determine a coefficient of stress increase above the advancing longwall face of Western Donbas mines. We also established the empirical coefficients of the vertical stress distribution function within the abutment pressure zone. There is a relationship between the lowering of the earth's surface and the values of the stress increase in the borehole edge part. The reliability of the obtained results is confirmed by geophysical studies in Western Donbas, as well as by the results of field observations.
这项工作的目的是开发一种方法来确定在西部顿巴斯矿井的一个推进长壁工作面的应力增加。本文提出了解决这一问题的方法。本文是在分析长壁推进工作面地表下沉和岩体变形的大地测量仪器观测资料的基础上提出的。抽采煤层顶底板的长度和扩展是高岩压带的主要几何参数。目前未考虑该区域的定量参数。在顿巴斯西部的条件下,其长度的确定精度为50%。因此,这个方向的研究是有意义的。本研究的实验基础包括两个垂直钻孔延伸仪的观测结果和地球表面30多个观测站的数据处理结果。从而明确了高岩压带的几何参数和高岩压带内垂直应力分布的性质。本文介绍了一种确定顿巴斯西部矿区超前长壁工作面应力增加系数的方法。建立了桥台压力区内竖向应力分布函数的经验系数。地表的下降与钻孔边缘部分的应力增加值有一定的关系。在顿巴斯西部进行的地球物理研究以及实地观察的结果证实了所得结果的可靠性。
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"O. Kuchin, Hanna Brui, O. Yankin, H. Ishutina","doi":"10.23939/jgd2023.01.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2023.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to develop a method for determining the increase in stresses above an advancing longwall face of Western Donbas mines. The paper presents a solution to the problem. It is based on the analysis of geodetic instrumental observations of the earth's surface lowering and rock mass deformation above the advancing longwall face. Length and propagation in the roof and floor of the extracted seam are the main geometrical parameters of the zone of high rock pressure. Currently, the quantitative parameters of this zone are not considered. And its length under the conditions of Western Donbas is determined with an accuracy of 50%. Thus, research in this direction is relevant. The experimental basis for the research includes the results of observations performed at two vertical borehole extensometers and the results of data processing obtained at more than 30 observation stations on the Earth's surface. Thus, the research specified the geometrical parameters of the zone of high rock pressure and the nature of the vertical stress distribution within this zone. The paper introduces a method to determine a coefficient of stress increase above the advancing longwall face of Western Donbas mines. We also established the empirical coefficients of the vertical stress distribution function within the abutment pressure zone. There is a relationship between the lowering of the earth's surface and the values of the stress increase in the borehole edge part. The reliability of the obtained results is confirmed by geophysical studies in Western Donbas, as well as by the results of field observations.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42482872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GEODYNAMICS 运动学
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23939/jgd2023.01.057
Pavel Kalenda, Libor Neumann, Ivo Wandrol, Václav Procházka, Lubor Ostřihanský
The theory of continental drift was published as early as 1912, but the mechanism and energy source of this motion has not yet been elucidated. In many cases, the generally accepted model of convection currents in the mantle contradicts observations such as the spreading of the ocean floor, the extension of rifts from triple points to all sides, the more or less unilateral movement of the lithosphere relative to the mantle, and others. In the first part of the double article, the evolution of views on this issue is shown, as well as measured data that document the important role of extraterrestrial energy sources for the movement of lithospheric plates in daily, annual and long-term climate cycles. In the second part of the two-part article, the entire theory of the mechanism of lithospheric plate motion will be outlined, based on the accumulation of incoming energy from the Sun in crustal rocks, the ratcheting mechanism, and the thermoelastic wave penetrating from the Earth's surface through the entire crust.
大陆漂移的理论早在1912年就发表了,但这种运动的机制和能量来源尚未阐明。在许多情况下,普遍接受的地幔对流模型与观测结果相矛盾,如海底的扩张、裂谷从三点向四面延伸、岩石圈相对于地幔的或多或少的单边运动等。在这篇双篇文章的第一部分中,展示了对这一问题的看法的演变,以及记录了地外能源在岩石圈板块运动中每日、年度和长期气候周期中的重要作用的测量数据。在这篇由两部分组成的文章的第二部分,将根据太阳入射能量在地壳岩石中的积累、棘轮机制以及从地球表面穿透整个地壳的热弹性波,概述岩石圈板块运动机制的整个理论。
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引用次数: 0
GEODYNAMICS 地球动力学
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23939/jgd2022.02.050
A. Gnyp
The differential and source terms locations of a series of small (1.0
确定了2013年至2015年期间发生在外喀尔巴阡山南部Trosnyk村附近的一系列小型(1.0
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"A. Gnyp","doi":"10.23939/jgd2022.02.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2022.02.050","url":null,"abstract":"The differential and source terms locations of a series of small (1.0<ML<2.5) similar (recurrent) earthquakes that occurred during 2013-2015 near the village of Trosnyk in the south of Transcarpathians were determined. Adaptive filtering was proposed to reduce the effect of correlated noise in records with very low signal-to-noise ratio and to improve the reliability of differential arrivals. The maximum correlation criterion was modified to include the minimum departure from the calculated arrival times. Analysis of the intervals between phase arrivals at pairs of stations was proposed to further reduce the number of problematic arrivals. The sensitivity of the final solution to the network configuration was assessed using the jack-knife principle, when the coordinates are calculated, each time removing one station from the full set. The focal mechanism common to all earthquakes in the series was defined using the polarities of P-wave arrivals at 16 stations. Based on the results of the 3D interpretation of the differential hypocenters, the nodal plane with a strike of 150° was identified as the rupture plane, and the mechanism itself was classified as left-lateral slip with a component of thrust. The epicenter of the strongest earthquake was located almost exactly on the fault of the pre-Neogene basement with a strike parallel to the Carpathian arc, almost the same as the strike of the rupture plane. The axis of compression in the focal mechanism is directed to the east, which is fully consistent with the northeast direction of the general regional field.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48408478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GEODYNAMICS 地球动力学
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23939/jgd2023.01.047
Vadim Gordienko, I. Gordienko
The study aims to build a three-dimensional thermal model of the crust and upper mantle of the territory of Ukraine. Its basis is a scheme of deep processes in the tectonosphere, which, first of all, considers the results of heat and mass transfer during modern activation. They are superimposed on the models of the platform (except for the territory of the East European platform; the Donbass is also included in it), the Alpine geosyncline of the Carpathians, and the Hercynian-Cimmerian geosyncline of the Scythian plate. The incomplete process of modern activation cannot be accurately described by the geological theory used by the authors. Gravity modeling was previously conducted on a system of profiles around the northern hemisphere with a total length of more than 30,000 km, crossing Eurasia, North America, as well as the Atlantic and Pacific oceans to select an adequate scheme of heat and mass transfer. The paper distinguishes the most realistic scheme of the process . It is applied for Ukraine, and the more accurately the activated area is determined. Such a task was solved for the first time. In the south, the model is limited by the Black Sea depression, at a depth of 400 km. Temperatures in the transition zone to the lower mantle were not considered. Test thermal models are compared with geothermometers. The error (50°C) of calculation and cross-section of isotherms is determined (150°C for depths from 50 to 400 km, at a depth of 25 km the error is lower, the cross-section of isotherms is 100°C). Zones of partial melting of the rocks of the crust and upper mantle have been established. They are distributed in the middle part of the crust, in the upper horizons of the mantle (50-100 km). At a depth of about 400 km, partial melting occurs only under the non-activated part of the platform. Differences in the model from the presented one are described. They are associated with possible variations in the age of the process and its peculiarities at different levels of heat and mass transfer. Practical significance. The study emphasizes that mineral deposits are characteristic to thermal anomalies and other environmental parameters.
该研究旨在建立乌克兰领土地壳和上地幔的三维热模型。它的基础是构造圈深层过程的方案,该方案首先考虑了现代活化过程中热量和质量传递的结果。它们叠加在平台的模型上(东欧平台的领土除外;顿巴斯也包括在其中)、喀尔巴阡山脉的阿尔卑斯地槽和斯基泰人板块的海西-齐默里地槽。作者使用的地质理论无法准确描述现代活化的不完整过程。重力建模之前是在北半球周围的一个总长度超过30000公里的剖面系统上进行的,该剖面系统横跨欧亚大陆、北美以及大西洋和太平洋,以选择适当的传热和传质方案。本文区分了该过程中最现实的方案。它适用于乌克兰,激活区域的确定越准确。这样的任务第一次解决了。在南部,该模型受到400公里深的黑海低压的限制。没有考虑到下地幔过渡带的温度。将测试热模型与地质温度计进行了比较。确定了计算和等温线横截面的误差(50°C)(50至400 km深度为150°C,25 km深度的误差较小,等温线横截面为100°C)。地壳和上地幔岩石的部分熔融区已经建立。它们分布在地壳的中部,地幔的上层(50-100公里)。在约400公里的深度,部分熔融仅发生在平台的未激活部分下方。描述了该模型与现有模型的差异。它们与工艺年龄的可能变化及其在不同传热和传质水平下的特性有关。实际意义。研究强调矿床具有热异常等环境参数的特征。
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引用次数: 0
GEODYNAMICS 地球动力学
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23939/jgd2023.01.005
Ľ. Kseňak, K. Bartoš, K. Pukanská, K. Kyšeľa
The aim of this research is the comparison and subsequent evaluation of the suitability of using SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and multispectral (MSI) satellite data of the Copernicus program for mapping and accurate identification of surface water bodies. The paper considers sudden changes caused by significant climatological-meteorological influences in the country. The surface guidance extraction methodology includes the standard preprocessing of SAR images and concluding the determination of threshold values in binary mask generation. For MSI images, water masks are generated through automatic algorithmic processing on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform. During SAR image processing, it has been found that the VV polarization configuration type (vertical-vertical) is the most suitable. The Lee and Lee Sigma filters are recommended for eliminating radar noise. The chosen window size for filtering depends on the specific object and its spatial extent. The extraction of water surfaces from the MSI image is conducted using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), a pair of Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI) indices, and Water Ratio Index (WRI). Results are evaluated both graphically and numerically, using quantitative accuracy indicators to refine them. Automatic extraction of water surfaces from MSI images in the GEE platform environment is a fast, efficient, and relatively accurate tool for determining the true extent of groundwater. In conclusion, this research can provide more reliable estimates of hydrological changes and interannual variations in water bodies in the country. When combined with multitemporal monitoring, these results can be an effective tool for permanent monitoring of floods and droughts.The aim of this research is the comparison and subsequent evaluation of the suitability of using SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and multispectral (MSI) satellite data of the Copernicus program for mapping and accurate identification of surface water bodies. The paper considers sudden changes caused by significant climatological-meteorological influences in the country. The surface guidance extraction methodology includes the standard preprocessing of SAR images and concluding the determination of threshold values in binary mask generation. For MSI images, water masks are generated through automatic algorithmic processing on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform. During SAR image processing, it has been found that the VV polarization configuration type (vertical-vertical) is the most suitable. The Lee and Lee Sigma filters are recommended for eliminating radar noise. The chosen window size for filtering depends on the specific object and its spatial extent. The extraction of water surfaces from the MSI image is conducted using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), a pair of Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI) ind
本研究的目的是比较并随后评估使用哥白尼计划的合成孔径雷达(SAR)和多光谱卫星(MSI)数据绘制和准确识别地表水体的适用性。本文考虑了该国重大气候气象影响引起的突变。表面引导提取方法包括SAR图像的标准预处理和二值掩模生成中阈值的确定。对于MSI图像,水面具是通过谷歌地球引擎云平台上的自动算法处理生成的。在SAR图像处理过程中,已经发现VV偏振配置类型(垂直-垂直)是最合适的。建议使用Lee和Lee Sigma滤波器来消除雷达噪声。选择的过滤窗口大小取决于特定对象及其空间范围。使用归一化差异水指数(NDWI)、修正归一化差异水指标(MNDWI)、一对自动水提取指数(AWEI)和水比率指数(WRI)从MSI图像中提取水面。对结果进行了图形和数字评估,并使用定量准确性指标对其进行了改进。在GEE平台环境中,从MSI图像中自动提取水面是一种快速、高效且相对准确的工具,用于确定地下水的真实范围。总之,这项研究可以为该国的水文变化和水体年际变化提供更可靠的估计。当与多时相监测相结合时,这些结果可以成为永久监测洪水和干旱的有效工具。本研究的目的是比较并随后评估使用哥白尼计划的合成孔径雷达(SAR)和多光谱卫星(MSI)数据绘制和准确识别地表水体的适用性。本文考虑了该国重大气候气象影响引起的突变。表面引导提取方法包括SAR图像的标准预处理和二值掩模生成中阈值的确定。对于MSI图像,水面具是通过谷歌地球引擎云平台上的自动算法处理生成的。在SAR图像处理过程中,已经发现VV偏振配置类型(垂直-垂直)是最合适的。建议使用Lee和Lee Sigma滤波器来消除雷达噪声。选择的过滤窗口大小取决于特定对象及其空间范围。使用归一化差异水指数(NDWI)、修正归一化差异水指标(MNDWI)、一对自动水提取指数(AWEI)和水比率指数(WRI)从MSI图像中提取水面。对结果进行了图形和数字评估,并使用定量准确性指标对其进行了改进。在GEE平台环境中,从MSI图像中自动提取水面是一种快速、高效且相对准确的工具,用于确定地下水的真实范围。总之,这项研究可以为该国的水文变化和水体年际变化提供更可靠的估计。当与多时相监测相结合时,这些结果可以成为永久监测洪水和干旱的有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
GEODYNAMICS 运动学
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23939/jgd2023.01.019
Andrii Zyhar
The main purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between changes in water level and soil deformation, where the cyclic change in loads on the reservoir bed is the stress deviator, i.e., the PSPP reservoir acts as an oscillator of transverse vibrations, and the soil extensometer performs the function of reading and recording these vibrations. Methodology. Solution of the problem requires recording the time series of water level fluctuations and extensometer sensor fluctuations on all depth horizons. It is also necessary to perform a fast Fourier transform for water level fluctuations separately and similarly to each extensometer sensor fluctuation. We need to separately calculate the signal power spectrum of all sensors in the soil, and compare the amplitude-frequency, phase-frequency components of the power spectra of water level oscillations and vertical oscillations of the extensometer sensors. Results. During the studies, it was found that the PSPP reservoir is a source of low-frequency vibrations in a wide spectral range. These vibrations have a very long wavelength, measured in tens of thousands of kilometers, which can propagate over long distances, both along the front of geological layers and in depth. Scientific innovation. The research in this article allows us to more accurately assess the frequency spectrum of vibrations and identify possible resonance phenomena that may occur in soils during the operation of a power facility. In addition, this study was conducted in a specific region, which makes it possible to obtain more accurate data on the impact of low-frequency vibrations on the geosystem in this region. Thus, this paper may be of interest to specialists in the field of geotechnics, geology, and energy. It can also be used in the planning and operation of other power facilities in similar conditions. Practical significance. Low-frequency waves can be detected by seismic instruments such as seismometers. The results of this study will help to correct the analysis and interpretation of seismograms, which is important for understanding the processes occurring in the hydroelectric power plant operation area.
研究的主要目的是确定水位变化与土壤变形之间的关系,其中水库床上荷载的循环变化是应力偏差,即PSPP水库作为横向振动的振荡器,土壤延伸仪承担读取和记录这些振动的功能。方法。要解决这个问题,需要记录所有深度层面的水位波动和延伸计传感器波动的时间序列。还需要对水位波动分别进行快速傅里叶变换,类似于每个延伸计传感器的波动。我们需要分别计算土壤中所有传感器的信号功率谱,比较水位振荡和垂向振荡的功率谱幅频、相频分量。结果。在研究过程中,发现PSPP储层是一个宽谱范围的低频振动源。这些振动的波长很长,可以测量到数万公里,可以沿着地质层的前端和深处传播很长一段距离。科学创新。本文的研究使我们能够更准确地评估振动的频谱,并识别在电力设施运行过程中可能发生的土壤共振现象。此外,本研究是在特定区域进行的,可以获得更准确的低频振动对该区域地球系统影响的数据。因此,本文可能会引起岩土工程、地质和能源领域专家的兴趣。也可用于类似条件下其他电力设施的规划和运行。现实意义。地震仪等地震仪器可以探测到低频波。本文的研究结果将有助于修正地震记录的分析和解释,这对了解水电站运行区域发生的过程具有重要意义。
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Geodynamics
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