A. Marchenko, S. Perii, O. Lompas, Y. I. Golubinka, D. A. Marchenko, S. Kramarenko, Abdulwasiu Salawu
This study aims to derive the Earth’s temporally varying Earth’s tensor of inertia based on the dynamical ellipticity , the coefficients , from UT/CSR data. They allow to find the time-varying Earth’s mechanical and geometrical parameters during the following periods: (a) from 1976 to 2020 based on monthly and weekly solutions of the coefficient ; (b) from 1992 to 2020 based on monthly and weekly solutions of the non zero coefficients , related to the principal axes of inertia, allowing to build models their long-term variations. Differences between and , given in various systems, represent the average value , which is smaller than time variations of or , characterizing a high quality of UT/CSR solutions. Two models for the time-dependent dynamical ellipticity were constructed using long-term variations for the zonal coefficient during the past 44 and 27.5 years. The approximate formulas for the time-dependent dynamical ellipticity were provided by the additional estimation of each parameter of the Taylor series, fixing at epoch =J2000 according to the IAU2000/2006 precession-nutation theory. The potential of the time-dependent gravitational quadrupole according to Maxwell theory was used to derive the new exact formulas for the orientation of the principal axes , , via location of the two quadrupole axes. Hence, the Earth’s time-dependent mechanical and geometrical parameters, including the gravitational quadrupole, the principal axes and the principal moments of inertia were computed at each moment during the past 27.5 years from 1992 to 2020. However, their linear change in all the considered parameters is rather unclear because of their various behavior on different time-intervals including variations of a sign of the considered effects due to a jump in the time-series during the time-period 1998 – 2002. The Earth’s 3D and 1D density models were constructed based on the restricted solution of the 3D Cartesian moments inside the ellipsoid of the revolution. They were derived with conditions to conserve the time-dependent gravitational potential from zero to second degree, the dynamical ellipticity, the polar flattening, basic radial jumps of density as sampled for the PREM model, and the long-term variations in space-time mass density distribution. It is important to note that in solving the inverse problem, the time dependence in the Earth's inertia tensor arises due to changes in the Earth's density, but does not depend on changes in its shape, which is confirmed by the corresponding equations where flattening is canceled.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"A. Marchenko, S. Perii, O. Lompas, Y. I. Golubinka, D. A. Marchenko, S. Kramarenko, Abdulwasiu Salawu","doi":"10.23939/jgd2019.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2019.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to derive the Earth’s temporally varying Earth’s tensor of inertia based on the dynamical ellipticity , the coefficients , from UT/CSR data. They allow to find the time-varying Earth’s mechanical and geometrical parameters during the following periods: (a) from 1976 to 2020 based on monthly and weekly solutions of the coefficient ; (b) from 1992 to 2020 based on monthly and weekly solutions of the non zero coefficients , related to the principal axes of inertia, allowing to build models their long-term variations. Differences between and , given in various systems, represent the average value , which is smaller than time variations of or , characterizing a high quality of UT/CSR solutions. Two models for the time-dependent dynamical ellipticity were constructed using long-term variations for the zonal coefficient during the past 44 and 27.5 years. The approximate formulas for the time-dependent dynamical ellipticity were provided by the additional estimation of each parameter of the Taylor series, fixing at epoch =J2000 according to the IAU2000/2006 precession-nutation theory. The potential of the time-dependent gravitational quadrupole according to Maxwell theory was used to derive the new exact formulas for the orientation of the principal axes , , via location of the two quadrupole axes. Hence, the Earth’s time-dependent mechanical and geometrical parameters, including the gravitational quadrupole, the principal axes and the principal moments of inertia were computed at each moment during the past 27.5 years from 1992 to 2020. However, their linear change in all the considered parameters is rather unclear because of their various behavior on different time-intervals including variations of a sign of the considered effects due to a jump in the time-series during the time-period 1998 – 2002. The Earth’s 3D and 1D density models were constructed based on the restricted solution of the 3D Cartesian moments inside the ellipsoid of the revolution. They were derived with conditions to conserve the time-dependent gravitational potential from zero to second degree, the dynamical ellipticity, the polar flattening, basic radial jumps of density as sampled for the PREM model, and the long-term variations in space-time mass density distribution. It is important to note that in solving the inverse problem, the time dependence in the Earth's inertia tensor arises due to changes in the Earth's density, but does not depend on changes in its shape, which is confirmed by the corresponding equations where flattening is canceled.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49504764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. V. Heneralova, V. Stepanov, N. Bilyk, Ye. Slyvko
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"L. V. Heneralova, V. Stepanov, N. Bilyk, Ye. Slyvko","doi":"10.23939/jgd2019.02.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2019.02.039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46734916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the research is to find possible ways to use microseisms, caused by standing waves in water bodies. According to the theory, standing waves arise when two traveling waves, moving towards each other collide. The first of them falls on an obstacle and the second one reflects from it. The conditions of excitation the waves and swinging of damped waves are presented. Evidence shows that the wave pressure at the antinodes at the boundaries of the water medium separation and the soil is proportional to the wave amplitude on the water. The possibility of using standing waves in seismic exploration is confirmed by the observation data of storm microseisms at remote stations. To increase the transmission range, it is advisable to use long-period microseisms, which provide low damping. One method to reduce the risk of an earthquake involves the initiation of weak seismicity by artificial sources in order to periodically relieve excess tectonic stress. One of the most powerful sources of lithospheric deformations is the natural oscillations of the liquid level in large water bodies. The study considers the idea of using the resonance effect of tidal-seiches vibrations to initiate weak seismicity. Artificial excitation of the seiche is achieved when controlling a water culvert. Transmission network supports multiplexing of communication channels with separation by physical nature and transmission media. When managing culverts, seiches oscillations are artificially swung with phase-shift oscillations. Phase shift of the exciting wave relative to the damping wave, in turn, causes variations in seiche periods, which leads to proportional variations in the periods of microseisms. This solution allows encoding messages by the durations of seiches and microseisms, with their subsequent transmission. Hydrological observations revealed the effect of the dependence of surface seiches periods on water depth. The solution of the inverse problem, with the measured seiches period, allows calculating the water body depth. Method of remote measurement has been proposed using the analysis of ground oscillations of seiches origin. Analysis of variations in the electromagnetic radiation of the geological environment has shown that they are determined by the mechanisms of energy conversion of these processes into the energy of the electromagnetic field. The study of these variations allows us to calculate the depth of the water body. Originality. Methods for using microseismic oscillations excited by standing waves are considered in detail. The methods of managing standing waves are presented: by regulating the depth of the reservoir; by regulating the period of the exciting wave; by regulating the phase of the exciting wave. The dependence of the amplitude of the resulting oscillation of standing waves on the phase of the exciting oscillation of the same period was investigated. Innovative developments protected by patents of Ukraine are presented, which imply
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"P. Anakhov","doi":"10.23939/jgd2019.02.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2019.02.048","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to find possible ways to use microseisms, caused by standing waves in water bodies. According to the theory, standing waves arise when two traveling waves, moving towards each other collide. The first of them falls on an obstacle and the second one reflects from it. The conditions of excitation the waves and swinging of damped waves are presented. Evidence shows that the wave pressure at the antinodes at the boundaries of the water medium separation and the soil is proportional to the wave amplitude on the water. The possibility of using standing waves in seismic exploration is confirmed by the observation data of storm microseisms at remote stations. To increase the transmission range, it is advisable to use long-period microseisms, which provide low damping. One method to reduce the risk of an earthquake involves the initiation of weak seismicity by artificial sources in order to periodically relieve excess tectonic stress. One of the most powerful sources of lithospheric deformations is the natural oscillations of the liquid level in large water bodies. The study considers the idea of using the resonance effect of tidal-seiches vibrations to initiate weak seismicity. Artificial excitation of the seiche is achieved when controlling a water culvert. Transmission network supports multiplexing of communication channels with separation by physical nature and transmission media. When managing culverts, seiches oscillations are artificially swung with phase-shift oscillations. Phase shift of the exciting wave relative to the damping wave, in turn, causes variations in seiche periods, which leads to proportional variations in the periods of microseisms. This solution allows encoding messages by the durations of seiches and microseisms, with their subsequent transmission. Hydrological observations revealed the effect of the dependence of surface seiches periods on water depth. The solution of the inverse problem, with the measured seiches period, allows calculating the water body depth. Method of remote measurement has been proposed using the analysis of ground oscillations of seiches origin. Analysis of variations in the electromagnetic radiation of the geological environment has shown that they are determined by the mechanisms of energy conversion of these processes into the energy of the electromagnetic field. The study of these variations allows us to calculate the depth of the water body. Originality. Methods for using microseismic oscillations excited by standing waves are considered in detail. The methods of managing standing waves are presented: by regulating the depth of the reservoir; by regulating the period of the exciting wave; by regulating the phase of the exciting wave. The dependence of the amplitude of the resulting oscillation of standing waves on the phase of the exciting oscillation of the same period was investigated. Innovative developments protected by patents of Ukraine are presented, which imply ","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68761881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose. To create an algorithm for constructing a three-dimensional masses distribution function of the planet and its derivatives taking into account the Stokes constants of arbitrary orders. Being based on this method, the task is to perform the research on the internal structure of the Earth. Methodology. The derivatives of the inhomogeneous mass distribution are presented by linear combinations of biorthogonal polynomials which coefficients are obtained from the system of equations. These equations follow from integral transformations of the Stokes constants, the calculation process is carried out by a sequential approximation and for the initial approximation we take a one-dimensional density model that is consistent with Stokes constants up to the second inclusive order. Next, the coefficients of expansion of the potential of higher orders are determined up to a predetermined order. In this case, the information on the power moments of the density of surface integrals makes it possible to analyze and control the iterative process. Results. The results of calculations using the software according to the described algorithm are obtained. A fairly high degree of approximation (sixth order) of three-dimensional mass distributions function is achieved. Carto diagrams were created being based on the values of deviations of the three-dimensional average distributions (“isodens”), which give a fairly detailed picture of the Earth’s internal structure. The presented maps of “inhomogeneity’s” at characteristic depths (2891 km core – mantle, 5150 km internal – external core) allow us to draw preliminary conclusions about global mass movements. At the same time, the information on derivatives is significant for interpretation. First of all, it should be noted that the gradient of “inhomogeneity’s” is directed toward the center of mass. The presented projections of this gradient on a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis (horizontal plane) show the tendency of spatial displacements. Scientific novelty. Vector diagrams of the gradient, in combination with carto diagrams, give a broad picture of the dynamics and possible mechanisms of mass movement within the planet. To a certain extent, these studies confirm the phenomenon of gravitational convection of masses. Practical significance. The proposed algorithm can be used in order to build regional models of the planet, and numerical results can be used to interpret global and local geodynamic processes inside and on the Earth’s surface.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"M. Fys, A. Brydun, M. Yurkiv, А. R. Sohor","doi":"10.23939/jgd2019.01.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2019.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To create an algorithm for constructing a three-dimensional masses distribution function of the planet and its derivatives taking into account the Stokes constants of arbitrary orders. Being based on this method, the task is to perform the research on the internal structure of the Earth. Methodology. The derivatives of the inhomogeneous mass distribution are presented by linear combinations of biorthogonal polynomials which coefficients are obtained from the system of equations. These equations follow from integral transformations of the Stokes constants, the calculation process is carried out by a sequential approximation and for the initial approximation we take a one-dimensional density model that is consistent with Stokes constants up to the second inclusive order. Next, the coefficients of expansion of the potential of higher orders are determined up to a predetermined order. In this case, the information on the power moments of the density of surface integrals makes it possible to analyze and control the iterative process. Results. The results of calculations using the software according to the described algorithm are obtained. A fairly high degree of approximation (sixth order) of three-dimensional mass distributions function is achieved. Carto diagrams were created being based on the values of deviations of the three-dimensional average distributions (“isodens”), which give a fairly detailed picture of the Earth’s internal structure. The presented maps of “inhomogeneity’s” at characteristic depths (2891 km core – mantle, 5150 km internal – external core) allow us to draw preliminary conclusions about global mass movements. At the same time, the information on derivatives is significant for interpretation. First of all, it should be noted that the gradient of “inhomogeneity’s” is directed toward the center of mass. The presented projections of this gradient on a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis (horizontal plane) show the tendency of spatial displacements. Scientific novelty. Vector diagrams of the gradient, in combination with carto diagrams, give a broad picture of the dynamics and possible mechanisms of mass movement within the planet. To a certain extent, these studies confirm the phenomenon of gravitational convection of masses. Practical significance. The proposed algorithm can be used in order to build regional models of the planet, and numerical results can be used to interpret global and local geodynamic processes inside and on the Earth’s surface.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42122311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"A. Tserlevych, Y. Shylo, O. Shylo","doi":"10.23939/jgd2019.01.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2019.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47046365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
І. Naumko, N. Batsevych, Yu.I. Fedoryshyn, M. Pavlyuk, Yu.S. Myshchyshyn, I. V. Repyn
Purpose. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the peculiarities of the spatial distribution of thickness and paleorelief of continental flood basalts of Luchychi stratum of Ratne suite of the Ediacaran of the Ratne–Kamin-Kashyrskyi Area in Western Volyn using maps of the thickness and relief of the paleosurface. The study also focuses on correlation between the specified parameters of the stratum and the spatial change of concentrations of native mineralization and its localization relative to the roof (sole) of the stratum. Method. The research applies a number of methods, including field geological surveys; petrography of basalts, structural features (degree of crystallization of mesostasis, structural position of minerals and, in particular, copper, ratio of globular formations and minerals that surround them, relationship between globules), macro- and microtextural features of rocks; geochemical research: determination of the content of the main chemical components of the rocks by the method of gross chemical analysis and copper content; geological and morphostructural studies: construction of a map of paleorelief and thickness of continental flood basalt of the Luchichiv stratum (according to the section of wells). Results. The constructed maps of the thickness and paleo surface of the Luchychi stratum show the spatial variability of the basalt thickness and the reflection of the effective tectonic situation on its paleo surface, which can be "read" by relief elements. It is established that high copper content in basalts is spatially confined to areas of maximum thickness and shifted vertically to the near-roof and, partially, plantar parts of the basalt thickness, and the degree of their crystallization increases in the direction of the inner parts of bodies. This situation with the spatial arrangement of native mineralization indicates the existence within these areas of local isolated thermostated systems. They evolved in their internal parts in conditions close to the intrusive ones (relatively slow decrease in melt temperature, crystallization of rock differences almost devoid of volcanic glass – dolerite-basalts with the transition to dolerites in the central part). Such physicochemical conditions caused long-term migration of gaseous, gaseous-liquid and liquid fluids, providing concomitant extraction, concentration, transfer and deposition not only of native copper, but also a number of petrogenic oxides (alkalis, iron, partially calcium, silicium). The latter subsequently formed a number of low-temperature minerals, the most common of which are zeolites, calcite, and iron compounds. In areas with small and minimum thickness of basalts, the above facts are observed in a reduced form, and in some places are virtually absent. The research has established the complete absence of signs of hydrothermal copper ore mineralization. The latter indicates the lack of evidence about the formation of native mineralization of the hydro
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"І. Naumko, N. Batsevych, Yu.I. Fedoryshyn, M. Pavlyuk, Yu.S. Myshchyshyn, I. V. Repyn","doi":"10.23939/jgd2019.01.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2019.01.090","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the peculiarities of the spatial distribution of thickness and paleorelief of continental flood basalts of Luchychi stratum of Ratne suite of the Ediacaran of the Ratne–Kamin-Kashyrskyi Area in Western Volyn using maps of the thickness and relief of the paleosurface. The study also focuses on correlation between the specified parameters of the stratum and the spatial change of concentrations of native mineralization and its localization relative to the roof (sole) of the stratum. Method. The research applies a number of methods, including field geological surveys; petrography of basalts, structural features (degree of crystallization of mesostasis, structural position of minerals and, in particular, copper, ratio of globular formations and minerals that surround them, relationship between globules), macro- and microtextural features of rocks; geochemical research: determination of the content of the main chemical components of the rocks by the method of gross chemical analysis and copper content; geological and morphostructural studies: construction of a map of paleorelief and thickness of continental flood basalt of the Luchichiv stratum (according to the section of wells). Results. The constructed maps of the thickness and paleo surface of the Luchychi stratum show the spatial variability of the basalt thickness and the reflection of the effective tectonic situation on its paleo surface, which can be \"read\" by relief elements. It is established that high copper content in basalts is spatially confined to areas of maximum thickness and shifted vertically to the near-roof and, partially, plantar parts of the basalt thickness, and the degree of their crystallization increases in the direction of the inner parts of bodies. This situation with the spatial arrangement of native mineralization indicates the existence within these areas of local isolated thermostated systems. They evolved in their internal parts in conditions close to the intrusive ones (relatively slow decrease in melt temperature, crystallization of rock differences almost devoid of volcanic glass – dolerite-basalts with the transition to dolerites in the central part). Such physicochemical conditions caused long-term migration of gaseous, gaseous-liquid and liquid fluids, providing concomitant extraction, concentration, transfer and deposition not only of native copper, but also a number of petrogenic oxides (alkalis, iron, partially calcium, silicium). The latter subsequently formed a number of low-temperature minerals, the most common of which are zeolites, calcite, and iron compounds. In areas with small and minimum thickness of basalts, the above facts are observed in a reduced form, and in some places are virtually absent. The research has established the complete absence of signs of hydrothermal copper ore mineralization. The latter indicates the lack of evidence about the formation of native mineralization of the hydro","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48291315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"P. Dvulit, S. Savchuk, I. Sosonka","doi":"10.23939/jgd2019.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2019.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47785179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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