The purpose of this work is to study the Upper Albian-Lower Cenomanian psammitic complex of the platform basement of the Pokuttya-Bukovyna part of the Carpathian Foredeep, which is one of the main reservoir strata of the Lopushna oil field. Methodology. The complex of investigations includes correlation of the well-log data, lithological studies of core material, mineralogical and petrographic analysis of rocks, and paleogeographic studies of the sedimentary basin. Results. On the basis of the analysis of all existing wells, it was established that the deposits of the Late Albian-Early Cenomanian age within the entire territory of the autochthon of the Pokuttya-Bukovyna Carpathians are mostly represented by sandstones. They are composed of quartz (50-80%), feldspar (1–5%), muscovite (0.1-3%), pyrite (0.1-3%) and accessory minerals – zircon and epidote. A significant part of sandstone is compoed of the authigenic minerals – glauconite (10-15%, sometimes up to 45%) and phosphate (1–3 up to 10%). The matrix in the rocks is mainly porous and contact-porous (10-15% of the rock volume), which provides these psammites with good reservoir properties. On the basis of paleogeographic reconstructions, it was established that in the Late Albian-Early Cenomanian, terrigenous sedimentation prevailed within the entire shelf basin of the Carpathian branch of the Meso-Tethys, which caused the accumulation of the thick sandstones’ strata. The burial history and post-sedimentary evolution of rocks took place under the influence of the thrusting of the Carpathian Fold Belt. This resulted in the formation of reservoir rocks and traps in the Upper Albian-Lower Cenomanian sequence. The peculiarities of hydrocarbon migration in the studied region indicate a high probability of discovering new deposits in the autochthon of the Pokuttya-Bukovyna Carpathians. Originality. The applied complex of lithological, geological-geophysical and paleogeographical studies made it possible to investigate the features of distribution of the Albian-Cenomanian psammite complex of rocks, both laterally and in section, their mineralogical and petrographic characteristics, sedimentary environments. The post-sedimentary evolution of the study strata and features of hydrocarbon migration were caused by the dynamics of the Carpathian Flysch Belt thrusting over the margin of the East-European platform. Practical significance. The obtained results show that the Upper Albian-Lower Cenomanian sandstones, which are oil and gas-bearing in the Lopushna field, represent the potential reservoirs in terms of both thickness and mineral composition within the entire autochthon of the Pokuttya-Bukovyna Carpathians. Since the Pokuttya fault could serve as a migration path for the hydrocarbons from the Carpathian flysch sequence into the platform basement strata, there is a high probability of the discovery of new accumulations in the structures similar to the Lopushna, revealed by seismic studies in the auto
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"Natalia Radkovets, Yuriy Koltun","doi":"10.23939/jgd2023.01.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2023.01.037","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to study the Upper Albian-Lower Cenomanian psammitic complex of the platform basement of the Pokuttya-Bukovyna part of the Carpathian Foredeep, which is one of the main reservoir strata of the Lopushna oil field. Methodology. The complex of investigations includes correlation of the well-log data, lithological studies of core material, mineralogical and petrographic analysis of rocks, and paleogeographic studies of the sedimentary basin. Results. On the basis of the analysis of all existing wells, it was established that the deposits of the Late Albian-Early Cenomanian age within the entire territory of the autochthon of the Pokuttya-Bukovyna Carpathians are mostly represented by sandstones. They are composed of quartz (50-80%), feldspar (1–5%), muscovite (0.1-3%), pyrite (0.1-3%) and accessory minerals – zircon and epidote. A significant part of sandstone is compoed of the authigenic minerals – glauconite (10-15%, sometimes up to 45%) and phosphate (1–3 up to 10%). The matrix in the rocks is mainly porous and contact-porous (10-15% of the rock volume), which provides these psammites with good reservoir properties. On the basis of paleogeographic reconstructions, it was established that in the Late Albian-Early Cenomanian, terrigenous sedimentation prevailed within the entire shelf basin of the Carpathian branch of the Meso-Tethys, which caused the accumulation of the thick sandstones’ strata. The burial history and post-sedimentary evolution of rocks took place under the influence of the thrusting of the Carpathian Fold Belt. This resulted in the formation of reservoir rocks and traps in the Upper Albian-Lower Cenomanian sequence. The peculiarities of hydrocarbon migration in the studied region indicate a high probability of discovering new deposits in the autochthon of the Pokuttya-Bukovyna Carpathians. Originality. The applied complex of lithological, geological-geophysical and paleogeographical studies made it possible to investigate the features of distribution of the Albian-Cenomanian psammite complex of rocks, both laterally and in section, their mineralogical and petrographic characteristics, sedimentary environments. The post-sedimentary evolution of the study strata and features of hydrocarbon migration were caused by the dynamics of the Carpathian Flysch Belt thrusting over the margin of the East-European platform. Practical significance. The obtained results show that the Upper Albian-Lower Cenomanian sandstones, which are oil and gas-bearing in the Lopushna field, represent the potential reservoirs in terms of both thickness and mineral composition within the entire autochthon of the Pokuttya-Bukovyna Carpathians. Since the Pokuttya fault could serve as a migration path for the hydrocarbons from the Carpathian flysch sequence into the platform basement strata, there is a high probability of the discovery of new accumulations in the structures similar to the Lopushna, revealed by seismic studies in the auto","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the research was to verify the extraordinary big theoretical penetration depth of new developed georadar in the real conditions of karsts areas. The new kind of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) – Roteg – was developed in 2013 (RTG-Tengler 2013). Its technical parameters (pulse peak on the transmitting antenna 20 kV or more, and the sensitivity of the receiving antenna at least 2 uV, i.e. the real signal detection level around 20 uV) express that the real signal detection sensitivity is 9 orders, i.e. 180 dB. Such sensitivity means that the real penetration depth should be two orders bigger than in the case of common GPR´s. We tested the real penetration depths in the suitable environmental conditions over the caves in the Moravian Karst and in Slovenia near Postojna cave. The measurements results showed that reflections from known caves are reliably detectable at depths of 40-210 m below the surface. Reflections from the geological structures up to a depth of 480 m, in which the bottom of Lift II is probably located, were observable on the profile above the Hranická abyss. The new kind of Roteg georadar with 20 kV pulses on the transmitting antennas was able to detect reflections from the Devon – Brno Granite contact at a depth of up to 850 m in the case of optimal conditions in the karst without soil cover (in the Malá Dohoda quarry in the Moravian Karst). The radarogram showed a change in the lithology between the Vilémovice – Lažánky limestone and layers of clasts in the bottom of limestone strata. Both of the tests mentioned above confirmed the extraordinary big penetration depth of the GPR signal which exceeded 500 m in karst conditions when using the maximum power on transmitting antennas. The quite new kind of GPR called Roteg with the extraordinary high voltage on transmitting antenna and pulse instead of harmonic signal generation of transmitted signal allows reach two orders bigger penetration depths than the common GPRs.. The new kind of Roteg GPR makes it possible to obtain data (especially from karst areas) from depths that were previously only accessible by seismic methods or boreholes. GPR measurements are orders of magnitude cheaper and much faster in the field.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"P. Kalenda, R. Tengler","doi":"10.23939/jgd2022.02.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2022.02.075","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research was to verify the extraordinary big theoretical penetration depth of new developed georadar in the real conditions of karsts areas. The new kind of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) – Roteg – was developed in 2013 (RTG-Tengler 2013). Its technical parameters (pulse peak on the transmitting antenna 20 kV or more, and the sensitivity of the receiving antenna at least 2 uV, i.e. the real signal detection level around 20 uV) express that the real signal detection sensitivity is 9 orders, i.e. 180 dB. Such sensitivity means that the real penetration depth should be two orders bigger than in the case of common GPR´s. We tested the real penetration depths in the suitable environmental conditions over the caves in the Moravian Karst and in Slovenia near Postojna cave. The measurements results showed that reflections from known caves are reliably detectable at depths of 40-210 m below the surface. Reflections from the geological structures up to a depth of 480 m, in which the bottom of Lift II is probably located, were observable on the profile above the Hranická abyss. The new kind of Roteg georadar with 20 kV pulses on the transmitting antennas was able to detect reflections from the Devon – Brno Granite contact at a depth of up to 850 m in the case of optimal conditions in the karst without soil cover (in the Malá Dohoda quarry in the Moravian Karst). The radarogram showed a change in the lithology between the Vilémovice – Lažánky limestone and layers of clasts in the bottom of limestone strata. Both of the tests mentioned above confirmed the extraordinary big penetration depth of the GPR signal which exceeded 500 m in karst conditions when using the maximum power on transmitting antennas. The quite new kind of GPR called Roteg with the extraordinary high voltage on transmitting antenna and pulse instead of harmonic signal generation of transmitted signal allows reach two orders bigger penetration depths than the common GPRs.. The new kind of Roteg GPR makes it possible to obtain data (especially from karst areas) from depths that were previously only accessible by seismic methods or boreholes. GPR measurements are orders of magnitude cheaper and much faster in the field.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49014182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the source mechanisms of induced earthquakes is important to distinguish them from natural earthquakes. The main objective of our study consists in finding out which parameters of the source mechanism can be used most effectively to identify the induced earthquakes. A possibility is also being explored whether they can be retrieved from data of a limited number of stations or even just one. We calculate versions of the seismic moment tensor and the corresponding focal mechanisms of the induced event of 2015-06-13 (t0=23:57:53.00 UTC, φ=54.233˚N, λ=-116.627˚E, hs=4 km, ML4.4) near Fox Creek, Alberta, Canada, by inversion of only direct waves recorded at one, two, three and seven stations. The versions turned out to be practically identical, which indicates the advantage of using only direct waves and the very possibility of determining the focal mechanism from the records at the limited number of seismic stations, which may be especially valuable in areas with a sparse seismic network. The versions also turned out to be very similar to the one obtained in [Wang, 2018], which can be considered an additional proof of the reliability of our method. The source time function of the Alberta event had a longer duration (~4 s) than is typical for tectonic earthquakes of similar size. We assume that this very feature may be specific to induced earthquakes and used in combination with others to distinguish them from tectonic earthquakes.
了解诱发地震的震源机制对于区分诱发地震与自然地震具有重要意义。我们研究的主要目的在于找出震源机制的哪些参数可以最有效地用于识别诱发地震。目前还在探索是否可以从有限数量的监测站或甚至只有一个监测站的数据中检索它们的可能性。本文通过对1、2、3、7个台站记录的直接波进行反演，计算了2015年6月13日(t0=23:57:53.00 UTC， φ=54.233˚N， λ=-116.627˚E, hs=4 km, ML4.4)在加拿大艾伯塔省Fox Creek附近诱发事件的地震矩张量和相应的震源机制。结果证明，这两个版本实际上是相同的，这表明只使用直达波的优势，以及从有限数量的地震台站记录中确定震源机制的可能性，这在地震台网稀疏的地区可能特别有价值。这些版本也被证明与[Wang, 2018]中获得的版本非常相似，这可以被认为是我们方法可靠性的额外证明。阿尔伯塔地震的震源时间函数比类似规模的典型构造地震的持续时间更长(约4秒)。我们认为，这一特征可能是诱发地震所特有的，并与其他特征结合使用，以区别于构造地震。
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"Dmytro Malytskyy, Andriy Gnyp","doi":"10.23939/jgd2023.01.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2023.01.070","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the source mechanisms of induced earthquakes is important to distinguish them from natural earthquakes. The main objective of our study consists in finding out which parameters of the source mechanism can be used most effectively to identify the induced earthquakes. A possibility is also being explored whether they can be retrieved from data of a limited number of stations or even just one. We calculate versions of the seismic moment tensor and the corresponding focal mechanisms of the induced event of 2015-06-13 (t0=23:57:53.00 UTC, φ=54.233˚N, λ=-116.627˚E, hs=4 km, ML4.4) near Fox Creek, Alberta, Canada, by inversion of only direct waves recorded at one, two, three and seven stations. The versions turned out to be practically identical, which indicates the advantage of using only direct waves and the very possibility of determining the focal mechanism from the records at the limited number of seismic stations, which may be especially valuable in areas with a sparse seismic network. The versions also turned out to be very similar to the one obtained in [Wang, 2018], which can be considered an additional proof of the reliability of our method. The source time function of the Alberta event had a longer duration (~4 s) than is typical for tectonic earthquakes of similar size. We assume that this very feature may be specific to induced earthquakes and used in combination with others to distinguish them from tectonic earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exploration of unconventional gas resources in Ukraine is highly relevant and important for achievement energy independence of Ukraine and Europe. Production of current oil & gas fields and alternative energy resources are not able to cover our needs nowadays. Now we can not fully fill these gaps by energy resources. In this article geological environments, age, mineralogy composition and maturity of unconventional shale and carbonate gas reservoirs of Lower Visean in one of the biggest field of Dnipro-Donets Basin (DDB) were studied. The hydrocarbon potential of two main target horizons V-23 and V-24-25 by using integrated approach of analyzing available core analysis data were performed. The results of the geochemical analysis show that the maturity level of shale of the Rudov beds (V-23) appear in oil window (Ro~0.8%) which can generate oil in the early mature phase. Visean carbonates (V-24-25) have the similar level of maturity - (Ro~0.77%). Target rocks are characterized by high total organic content (TOC): average values vary from 2% for organic-rich carbonates to 5.6% for shales which indicates relatively good to excellent source rock generative potential. According to X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD) of black shale formation domination of silica minerals (54.6%), calcite and clays (25.6%) with minor amounts of albite, feldspar and pyrite were observed. Carbonate platform V-24-25 logically is characterized by much higher calcite content of 52.2 % with low amount of dolomite – 5.5%. Quite high quartz content is also observed – average value is of about 30.7%. Clay minerals are not identified in every sample, but average values are of about 18.9%, pyrite content – 6.8%. It shows that Visean target formation of Glynsko-Solohivsky Petroleum region is characterized by anoxic environment. This data verified that V-23 and V-24-25 horizons are the brittle formations and favorable for multistage fracking. Thin section analysis confirms our results from mineralogical point of view. The presence of fractures in core samples is additional indicator for hydraulic fracturing and producing gas from such unconventional reservoirs. As a conclusion, the Lower Visean organic-rich formations V-23 and V-24-25 from Glynsko-Solohivsky Petroleum region are mature, are characterized by a high content of organic carbon, have enough thickness (30-120 m) and large areal extent. They should be regarded as a potential shale gas target.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"Sviatoslav Iuras, Mykhailo Orlyuk, Serhii Levoniuk, Viktoria Drukarenko, Bohdan Kruhlov","doi":"10.23939/jgd2023.01.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2023.01.080","url":null,"abstract":"Exploration of unconventional gas resources in Ukraine is highly relevant and important for achievement energy independence of Ukraine and Europe. Production of current oil & gas fields and alternative energy resources are not able to cover our needs nowadays. Now we can not fully fill these gaps by energy resources. In this article geological environments, age, mineralogy composition and maturity of unconventional shale and carbonate gas reservoirs of Lower Visean in one of the biggest field of Dnipro-Donets Basin (DDB) were studied. The hydrocarbon potential of two main target horizons V-23 and V-24-25 by using integrated approach of analyzing available core analysis data were performed. The results of the geochemical analysis show that the maturity level of shale of the Rudov beds (V-23) appear in oil window (Ro~0.8%) which can generate oil in the early mature phase. Visean carbonates (V-24-25) have the similar level of maturity - (Ro~0.77%). Target rocks are characterized by high total organic content (TOC): average values vary from 2% for organic-rich carbonates to 5.6% for shales which indicates relatively good to excellent source rock generative potential. According to X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD) of black shale formation domination of silica minerals (54.6%), calcite and clays (25.6%) with minor amounts of albite, feldspar and pyrite were observed. Carbonate platform V-24-25 logically is characterized by much higher calcite content of 52.2 % with low amount of dolomite – 5.5%. Quite high quartz content is also observed – average value is of about 30.7%. Clay minerals are not identified in every sample, but average values are of about 18.9%, pyrite content – 6.8%. It shows that Visean target formation of Glynsko-Solohivsky Petroleum region is characterized by anoxic environment. This data verified that V-23 and V-24-25 horizons are the brittle formations and favorable for multistage fracking. Thin section analysis confirms our results from mineralogical point of view. The presence of fractures in core samples is additional indicator for hydraulic fracturing and producing gas from such unconventional reservoirs. As a conclusion, the Lower Visean organic-rich formations V-23 and V-24-25 from Glynsko-Solohivsky Petroleum region are mature, are characterized by a high content of organic carbon, have enough thickness (30-120 m) and large areal extent. They should be regarded as a potential shale gas target.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the research is to substantiate the scientific foundations of an integrated approach to solving environmental and geological problems related to groundwater salinization in the Kalush mining region; quantitative evaluation of the dynamics of such salinization and its relationship with the river system based on geochemical and geophysical observations. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to solve the following tasks: 1) identification of the sources of the groundwater contamination; 2) determination of saline areas, including settlements within which drinking water horizons become unsuitable for the direct use; 3) characteristics of the dynamics, that is, the degree of salinity and the rate of its changes in space and time; 4) determination of the danger to the operation of water intake facilities; 5) determination of the risk of contamination of the river basin. The methodology consists in establishing the correlation between hydrogeochemical and electrometric observations, as well as determining the transition patterns from measurements of electrical resistance to the groundwater salinity. It also includes creating spatio-temporal models of groundwater salinity dynamics and assessing the risks of surface watercourses contamination taking into account its main sources and providing initial data for making management decisions. With the help of the hydrogeochemical observations (the groundwater mineralization) and electrical exploration (measurement of electrical resistance), correlations were established between the geophysical characteristics inherent in the aquifer and the groundwater mineralization. As a result, this made it possible to concretize the sources and determine the area and degree of salinization according to the planar geophysical surveys. Regime observations allowed us to establish the movement direction and speed of the salinity front. The obtained quantitative characteristics of the salinization dynamics of the aquifer allowed calculating the contamination risks of the Limnytsia and Dnister Rivers. The scientific novelty consists in the further development of the methods for assessing underground mineralization based on the results of geophysical research, including the method of electrical exploration. For the first time, spatio-temporal models of the groundwater mineralization dynamics in the territory of the Kalush mining region (KMR) were created. In addition, the assessment of the risks of the surface watercourse contamination (the Limnytsia and Dnister Rivers) was given, taking into account the main sources of contamination within the KMR. The application of the obtained results makes it possible to quickly research the areas associated with probable contamination of the territory, to provide initial data for further planning and management actions. A reliable forecast allows envisaging the measures for reducing the environmental load on the aquifer, which is the only drinking horizon for th
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"E. Kuzmenko, S. Bagriy","doi":"10.23939/jgd2022.02.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2022.02.119","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to substantiate the scientific foundations of an integrated approach to solving environmental and geological problems related to groundwater salinization in the Kalush mining region; quantitative evaluation of the dynamics of such salinization and its relationship with the river system based on geochemical and geophysical observations. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to solve the following tasks: 1) identification of the sources of the groundwater contamination; 2) determination of saline areas, including settlements within which drinking water horizons become unsuitable for the direct use; 3) characteristics of the dynamics, that is, the degree of salinity and the rate of its changes in space and time; 4) determination of the danger to the operation of water intake facilities; 5) determination of the risk of contamination of the river basin. The methodology consists in establishing the correlation between hydrogeochemical and electrometric observations, as well as determining the transition patterns from measurements of electrical resistance to the groundwater salinity. It also includes creating spatio-temporal models of groundwater salinity dynamics and assessing the risks of surface watercourses contamination taking into account its main sources and providing initial data for making management decisions. With the help of the hydrogeochemical observations (the groundwater mineralization) and electrical exploration (measurement of electrical resistance), correlations were established between the geophysical characteristics inherent in the aquifer and the groundwater mineralization. As a result, this made it possible to concretize the sources and determine the area and degree of salinization according to the planar geophysical surveys. Regime observations allowed us to establish the movement direction and speed of the salinity front. The obtained quantitative characteristics of the salinization dynamics of the aquifer allowed calculating the contamination risks of the Limnytsia and Dnister Rivers. The scientific novelty consists in the further development of the methods for assessing underground mineralization based on the results of geophysical research, including the method of electrical exploration. For the first time, spatio-temporal models of the groundwater mineralization dynamics in the territory of the Kalush mining region (KMR) were created. In addition, the assessment of the risks of the surface watercourse contamination (the Limnytsia and Dnister Rivers) was given, taking into account the main sources of contamination within the KMR. The application of the obtained results makes it possible to quickly research the areas associated with probable contamination of the territory, to provide initial data for further planning and management actions. A reliable forecast allows envisaging the measures for reducing the environmental load on the aquifer, which is the only drinking horizon for th","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49456662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the analysis and monitoring of land-use/land cover (LULC) changes considering the case study of Stebnyk, Lviv region, Ukraine, as an area of increased anthropogenic hazard impact (characterized by the karst sinkholes creation which is the result of extracting the potassium salt from underground mines and the violation of their conservation). The extraction was carried out without backfilling the underground excavations, resulting in the void formation of about 33 million m3 lying under the residential sector and road infrastructure, and could potentially be the site of future landslides/sinkholes that threaten the inhabitants and landscape ecosystem of the region as a whole. The research is based on Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images (made in February 2002 and December 2019, respectively), and ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper) data. Supervised classification conducted by maximum likelihood method was used to identify and analyze the spatial and temporal LULC changes on the territory divided into four classes. Vegetation indices NDVI have been calculated, analyzed and featured for further supervised classification. The accuracy of the obtained data had been improved by raster image filtering. A post-classification comparison approach was used to analyze LULC changes over the research period. It was established that for the period 2002-2019 the built-up area has increased by 5.61%, and the areas of forests and fields have decreased by 2.77% and 2.36%, respectively. The area of water bodies has undergone the least changes (+0.37%). The accuracy estimation of carried out classifications showed that the classification based on RGB images is more accurate than the classification based on the NDVI; the filtered classification showed more accurate results for most classes, than the unfiltered one. LULC monitoring for balanced regional, local and national development, as well as territorial planning, is a new area of the application of the Earth remote sensing (ERS) data in Ukraine. It allows assessing the state of the geocomponents system and predicting their further changes. The study of anthropogenic activity makes it possible to predict dangerous technogenic processes and thus avoid or reduce their consequences. The results of the research can be used as a basis for further monitoring of the Stebnyk region. They will also be useful to territorial communities for harmonious, sustainable development and land management of the studied area.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"V. Hlotov, M. Biala","doi":"10.23939/jgd2022.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2022.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the analysis and monitoring of land-use/land cover (LULC) changes considering the case study of Stebnyk, Lviv region, Ukraine, as an area of increased anthropogenic hazard impact (characterized by the karst sinkholes creation which is the result of extracting the potassium salt from underground mines and the violation of their conservation). The extraction was carried out without backfilling the underground excavations, resulting in the void formation of about 33 million m3 lying under the residential sector and road infrastructure, and could potentially be the site of future landslides/sinkholes that threaten the inhabitants and landscape ecosystem of the region as a whole. The research is based on Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images (made in February 2002 and December 2019, respectively), and ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper) data. Supervised classification conducted by maximum likelihood method was used to identify and analyze the spatial and temporal LULC changes on the territory divided into four classes. Vegetation indices NDVI have been calculated, analyzed and featured for further supervised classification. The accuracy of the obtained data had been improved by raster image filtering. A post-classification comparison approach was used to analyze LULC changes over the research period. It was established that for the period 2002-2019 the built-up area has increased by 5.61%, and the areas of forests and fields have decreased by 2.77% and 2.36%, respectively. The area of water bodies has undergone the least changes (+0.37%). The accuracy estimation of carried out classifications showed that the classification based on RGB images is more accurate than the classification based on the NDVI; the filtered classification showed more accurate results for most classes, than the unfiltered one. LULC monitoring for balanced regional, local and national development, as well as territorial planning, is a new area of the application of the Earth remote sensing (ERS) data in Ukraine. It allows assessing the state of the geocomponents system and predicting their further changes. The study of anthropogenic activity makes it possible to predict dangerous technogenic processes and thus avoid or reduce their consequences. The results of the research can be used as a basis for further monitoring of the Stebnyk region. They will also be useful to territorial communities for harmonious, sustainable development and land management of the studied area.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42932533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the research is to analyze the factors of development, distribution and landscape differentiation of geological and geomorphological processes in the subalpine and alpine highlands of Chornohora, as well as to determine the influence of geological structure and morphometric features on the intensity of their development. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of methods of field research and geoinformation analysis using GIS, which allowed to identify the main centers of the highlands of Chornohora of rockfalls, screes, landslides and linear erosion. On the basis of the landscape approach the spatial differentiation of geological and geomorphological processes in high altitude terrains and landscape structures is analyzed and their complex analysis is carried out, and with the help of geoinformation and statistical data processing on location and number of cells the intensity of negative processes is calculated. The main result of the study is a map of the distribution of negative geological and geomorphological processes (rockfalls, screes, landslides and linear erosion) in the landscape complexes of the subalpine and alpine highlands of Chornohora, as well as a map of a key area near Smotrych Mountain, which expresses landscape processes at the level of landscape striyas and tracts. As a result of the research the structure and specifics of development of geological-geomorphological processes in geocomplexes of different origin and with different morphological and morphometric parameters are analyzed. The influence of geological structure on the development of processes is manifested in the dominance of massive sandstones and sandstone flysch, which contributed to the development of large and steep landforms with inherent intense rockfalls, screes and linear erosion. The analysis of the intensity of the manifestation of these processes testifies to their greatest development in the geocomplexes of ancient-glacial-exarational genesis – corries, cirques, glacial troughs, nival niches, etc. The development, nature and intensity of the manifestation of negative geological and geomorphological processes in landscape complexes of nival erosion and denudation genesis differ significantly. The peculiarity of the differentiation of processes here is their clear dependence on the composition and peculiarities of the occurrence of bedrock stratum, relief morphometry and so on. An important result of the study is the above-mentioned map of the highlands in the vicinity of Smotrych Mountain, which expresses the previously little-studied landslides to the narrow bands of argillites and argillite flysch. Originality. The relationship between the diversity and distribution of negative geological and geomorphological processes with the genesis of landscape complexes of the Chornohora highlands, their structure, structural-lithological and morphometric features is determined. Landscape differentiation and intensity of rockfalls, screes
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"M. Karabiniuk","doi":"10.23939/jgd2022.02.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2022.02.064","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to analyze the factors of development, distribution and landscape differentiation of geological and geomorphological processes in the subalpine and alpine highlands of Chornohora, as well as to determine the influence of geological structure and morphometric features on the intensity of their development. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of methods of field research and geoinformation analysis using GIS, which allowed to identify the main centers of the highlands of Chornohora of rockfalls, screes, landslides and linear erosion. On the basis of the landscape approach the spatial differentiation of geological and geomorphological processes in high altitude terrains and landscape structures is analyzed and their complex analysis is carried out, and with the help of geoinformation and statistical data processing on location and number of cells the intensity of negative processes is calculated. The main result of the study is a map of the distribution of negative geological and geomorphological processes (rockfalls, screes, landslides and linear erosion) in the landscape complexes of the subalpine and alpine highlands of Chornohora, as well as a map of a key area near Smotrych Mountain, which expresses landscape processes at the level of landscape striyas and tracts. As a result of the research the structure and specifics of development of geological-geomorphological processes in geocomplexes of different origin and with different morphological and morphometric parameters are analyzed. The influence of geological structure on the development of processes is manifested in the dominance of massive sandstones and sandstone flysch, which contributed to the development of large and steep landforms with inherent intense rockfalls, screes and linear erosion. The analysis of the intensity of the manifestation of these processes testifies to their greatest development in the geocomplexes of ancient-glacial-exarational genesis – corries, cirques, glacial troughs, nival niches, etc. The development, nature and intensity of the manifestation of negative geological and geomorphological processes in landscape complexes of nival erosion and denudation genesis differ significantly. The peculiarity of the differentiation of processes here is their clear dependence on the composition and peculiarities of the occurrence of bedrock stratum, relief morphometry and so on. An important result of the study is the above-mentioned map of the highlands in the vicinity of Smotrych Mountain, which expresses the previously little-studied landslides to the narrow bands of argillites and argillite flysch. Originality. The relationship between the diversity and distribution of negative geological and geomorphological processes with the genesis of landscape complexes of the Chornohora highlands, their structure, structural-lithological and morphometric features is determined. Landscape differentiation and intensity of rockfalls, screes","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44292228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose. The objective of this study is the investigation of the Silurian-Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) carbonate-clay sedimentary complex of the southwestern slope of the East-European platform. Its formation was the result of a single cycle of geodynamic and sedimentary events in the lithological record of the southern continental margin of Baltica. Methodology. The study is based on well-logs correlation, lithological and geochemical investigations of core samples, and petrographic thin sections analysis. The obtained results were used to establish patterns of changes in the material composition of the studied strata in time and space in order to determine the basin development dynamics of the continental margin of the Eastern European platform southwestern slope in the Silurian-Early Devonian. Results. It is established that the formation of the carbonate-clay sequence represents a single sedimentary cycle and was the result of a complex of geodynamic, depositional and paleoclimatic events that took place on the Baltica southern continental margin. The Silurian period was characterized by intensive development of benthic organisms and reef structure formation in the proximal part of the basin and clay-carbonate muds enriched with dispersed organic matter in its distal part. In the Early Devonian, carbonate biogenic sedimentation continued throughout the basin. The carbonate maximum content (80–98%) proves the existence of the reef constructions in the basin sedimentary record. Lower values of carbonate content are characteristic of marls (40–55%) and biodetritic limestones (56–75%), which make up the main part of the Silurian sequence. There are no reef constructions in the section of the Lochkovian stage of Devonian, and the calcium carbonate content in the rocks varies from 45 to 83%. The content of CaCO3 in mudstones and calcareous mudstones of the Silurian varies from 5 to 15%. Originality. The applied complex of lithological, geochemical, geological-geophysical and paleogeographic investigations allowed studying the sedimentary basin dynamics in the Silurian-Early Devonian with the assessment of the possibility of participation of these strata in oil and gas hydrocarbons generation. Practical significance. The obtained results show that the carbonate-clay complex of sedimentary rocks of the Silurian and Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the studied region can be considered as a separate petroleum system, including source rocks, reservoir rocks and possible conventional and unconventional oil and gas accumulations.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"N. Radkovets, Y. Koltun","doi":"10.23939/jgd2022.02.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2022.02.036","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The objective of this study is the investigation of the Silurian-Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) carbonate-clay sedimentary complex of the southwestern slope of the East-European platform. Its formation was the result of a single cycle of geodynamic and sedimentary events in the lithological record of the southern continental margin of Baltica. Methodology. The study is based on well-logs correlation, lithological and geochemical investigations of core samples, and petrographic thin sections analysis. The obtained results were used to establish patterns of changes in the material composition of the studied strata in time and space in order to determine the basin development dynamics of the continental margin of the Eastern European platform southwestern slope in the Silurian-Early Devonian. Results. It is established that the formation of the carbonate-clay sequence represents a single sedimentary cycle and was the result of a complex of geodynamic, depositional and paleoclimatic events that took place on the Baltica southern continental margin. The Silurian period was characterized by intensive development of benthic organisms and reef structure formation in the proximal part of the basin and clay-carbonate muds enriched with dispersed organic matter in its distal part. In the Early Devonian, carbonate biogenic sedimentation continued throughout the basin. The carbonate maximum content (80–98%) proves the existence of the reef constructions in the basin sedimentary record. Lower values of carbonate content are characteristic of marls (40–55%) and biodetritic limestones (56–75%), which make up the main part of the Silurian sequence. There are no reef constructions in the section of the Lochkovian stage of Devonian, and the calcium carbonate content in the rocks varies from 45 to 83%. The content of CaCO3 in mudstones and calcareous mudstones of the Silurian varies from 5 to 15%. Originality. The applied complex of lithological, geochemical, geological-geophysical and paleogeographic investigations allowed studying the sedimentary basin dynamics in the Silurian-Early Devonian with the assessment of the possibility of participation of these strata in oil and gas hydrocarbons generation. Practical significance. The obtained results show that the carbonate-clay complex of sedimentary rocks of the Silurian and Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the studied region can be considered as a separate petroleum system, including source rocks, reservoir rocks and possible conventional and unconventional oil and gas accumulations.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41839440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determining the physical parameters of geomaterials under high temperature and pressure conditions is necessary in connection with the fundamental issues of geology and geophysics. It is also aimed at solving applied problems, such as establishing relationships between physical parameters and chemical components of rocks under the earthly conditions of temperature and pressure. The purpose of the paper is to study the peculiarities of the influence of chemical components on the elastic and density properties of igneous and metamorphic rocks of the continental and oceanic lithosphere under high temperature and pressure conditions. The elastic and density characteristics of the rocks of the continental and oceanic lithosphere were determined by the ultrasonic pulse method. The experiments were carried out in a high-pressure solid-phase installation of a cylinder-piston type. The technique provides for the simultaneous determination of the longitudinal and transverse waves velocity and density in the course of one experiment on one rock sample at high temperature and pressure conditions up to 1.5-2.0 GPa. Based on an experimental study of the elastic and density properties of the rocks of the continental and oceanic lithosphere, the research revealed a qualitative connection between these parameters and chemical composition of the samples under high temperature and pressure conditions. It is first established that the studied rocks demonstrate regional dependence in the influence of oxides on the elastic wave velocity and density magnitude. Therefore they increase with the growing pressure in some areas, and decrease in others. This phenomenon is explained by the difference in the atomic structure of matter. It was revealed that in the section of the lithosphere, the speed and density of elastic waves increase with depth. Moreover, chemical composition of rocks changes from acid to medium, basic, and, finally, ultrabasic composition. The relationship of the chemical composition of rocks and minerals with elastic and density properties makes it possible to directly search for solid minerals.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"I. Safarov","doi":"10.23939/jgd2022.02.092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2022.02.092","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the physical parameters of geomaterials under high temperature and pressure conditions is necessary in connection with the fundamental issues of geology and geophysics. It is also aimed at solving applied problems, such as establishing relationships between physical parameters and chemical components of rocks under the earthly conditions of temperature and pressure. The purpose of the paper is to study the peculiarities of the influence of chemical components on the elastic and density properties of igneous and metamorphic rocks of the continental and oceanic lithosphere under high temperature and pressure conditions. The elastic and density characteristics of the rocks of the continental and oceanic lithosphere were determined by the ultrasonic pulse method. The experiments were carried out in a high-pressure solid-phase installation of a cylinder-piston type. The technique provides for the simultaneous determination of the longitudinal and transverse waves velocity and density in the course of one experiment on one rock sample at high temperature and pressure conditions up to 1.5-2.0 GPa. Based on an experimental study of the elastic and density properties of the rocks of the continental and oceanic lithosphere, the research revealed a qualitative connection between these parameters and chemical composition of the samples under high temperature and pressure conditions. It is first established that the studied rocks demonstrate regional dependence in the influence of oxides on the elastic wave velocity and density magnitude. Therefore they increase with the growing pressure in some areas, and decrease in others. This phenomenon is explained by the difference in the atomic structure of matter. It was revealed that in the section of the lithosphere, the speed and density of elastic waves increase with depth. Moreover, chemical composition of rocks changes from acid to medium, basic, and, finally, ultrabasic composition. The relationship of the chemical composition of rocks and minerals with elastic and density properties makes it possible to directly search for solid minerals.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48863453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article focuses on the formation mechanisms of fold’s diversity of sedimentary basin inversion. They are investigated on the example of structures of the Dnieper-Donets paleorift system. To achieve this aim we systematized structural and lithofacial data of the Dnieper-Donets basin and Donbas; used numerical modelling to establish the regularities of deformations within lithosphere and sedimentary cover in collisional compression setting. It is shown that the formation of main folding styles as discontinuous (intermittent), transitional and continuous (full) is accompanied by characteristic features of the cover. In this respect, we formulated the basic dependence principle of folding from lithofacial and lithogenic factors, which defined different mechanical properties of sedimentary cover complexes (the lithomechanics principle). Modelling results confirm prime significance of horizontal compressional conditions of basin’s folds development. Moreover, the sedimentary basin plays the role of independent deformation attractor in the lithosphere. The main conclusion is that the transitional fold paragenesis of Donbas with crest-like Main anticline may be the result of particular strength’s distribution, i.e. axial weak zone and competent layer of variable thickness with central minimum. Main anticline formation mechanism is complex. It includes vertical, axial-parallel viscous-plastical flow with distant bending. It is shown that intermittent folds (uplifts) of the Dnieper-Donets basin may be a result of sedimentary cover compression with a random combination of weakened and strengthened zones. On the contrary, full folding of East Donbas and the Karpinsky ridge corresponds to a bending mechanism of competent layer compression of constant thickness. For the first time we obtained the evidence for the folding inversion mechanisms within Dnieper-Donets aulagogen (including Main anticline), which was problematic for many years. Folding is directly related to peculiarities of sedimentary basin infilling within formulated principle of lithofacial mechanics. With necessary caution, the study offers the results of modelling and conclusions for explanations of fold development within intracontinental basins and marginal folded belts. Practical significance. Numerical modelling and elaborated principles of analysis may be used in reconstructions, numerical investigations of fold structures (uplift) within inverted basins, as well as in prognosis of ore, oil-and-gas deposits.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"V. Gonchar","doi":"10.23939/jgd2022.02.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2022.02.080","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the formation mechanisms of fold’s diversity of sedimentary basin inversion. They are investigated on the example of structures of the Dnieper-Donets paleorift system. To achieve this aim we systematized structural and lithofacial data of the Dnieper-Donets basin and Donbas; used numerical modelling to establish the regularities of deformations within lithosphere and sedimentary cover in collisional compression setting. It is shown that the formation of main folding styles as discontinuous (intermittent), transitional and continuous (full) is accompanied by characteristic features of the cover. In this respect, we formulated the basic dependence principle of folding from lithofacial and lithogenic factors, which defined different mechanical properties of sedimentary cover complexes (the lithomechanics principle). Modelling results confirm prime significance of horizontal compressional conditions of basin’s folds development. Moreover, the sedimentary basin plays the role of independent deformation attractor in the lithosphere. The main conclusion is that the transitional fold paragenesis of Donbas with crest-like Main anticline may be the result of particular strength’s distribution, i.e. axial weak zone and competent layer of variable thickness with central minimum. Main anticline formation mechanism is complex. It includes vertical, axial-parallel viscous-plastical flow with distant bending. It is shown that intermittent folds (uplifts) of the Dnieper-Donets basin may be a result of sedimentary cover compression with a random combination of weakened and strengthened zones. On the contrary, full folding of East Donbas and the Karpinsky ridge corresponds to a bending mechanism of competent layer compression of constant thickness. For the first time we obtained the evidence for the folding inversion mechanisms within Dnieper-Donets aulagogen (including Main anticline), which was problematic for many years. Folding is directly related to peculiarities of sedimentary basin infilling within formulated principle of lithofacial mechanics. With necessary caution, the study offers the results of modelling and conclusions for explanations of fold development within intracontinental basins and marginal folded belts. Practical significance. Numerical modelling and elaborated principles of analysis may be used in reconstructions, numerical investigations of fold structures (uplift) within inverted basins, as well as in prognosis of ore, oil-and-gas deposits.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42829439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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