E. E. Kozlovskyy, V. Maksymchuk, D. Malytskyi, V. Tymoschuk, O. Hrytsai, N. Pyrizhok
The purpose of the work is to study the features of seismotectonics of the junction zone of the Oash and Transcarpathian faults in the Ukrainian Transcarpathians. The research methodology combines a complex analysis of geological-tectonic, seismological, geomorphological and geodetic data on the studied area. For the clarification of coordinates and depths of local earthquake foci we applied methods of their hypocenters specification, using a calculated seismological hodograph and kinematic corrections. Geological and geophysical data, in particular on regional profiles, were used to link seismic events to specific geological structures. It was established that a number of seismic events were recorded at depths of 40-52 km in the studied zone, in its northeastern part. They occurred simultaneously with traditional deep localization of seismic sources in the crust of the Transcarpathian depression (0-27 km deep), including at the depths of the sole of thrust sedimentary strata / roof of the pre-Neogene basement of the Transcarpathian depression (2-3 km deep) in the southwestern part of the studied area. Since these earthquakes are spatially localized to the northeast of the zone where the Transcarpathian deep fault is traced by geological and geomorphological data on the surface, they indicate the subduction of the crustal structures of the Transcarpathian trough in this direction under the thrusts of the Folded Carpathians. This is also evidenced by the corresponding slope of the seismofocal zone at the intersection of the Transcarpathian Deep Fault at greater (15-30 km) depths. These and other features of local seismotectonics reflect the so-called "crocodile" tectonics in the Ukrainian Carpathians. The features encompass the reverse, south-west slope of the seismofocal zone at shallower (0-12 km) depths, as well as the features of the relief of the Carpathians in the studied seismogenic zone. They fully correspond to the characteristics of the "alpine" and "terrain" geodynamics of the region, i.e. compression and displacement in the northeastern and eastern directions, respectively. For the first time, the research established the presence of relatively deeper (30-55 km) seismic activity in the earth's crust of the Ukrainian Transcarpathians – in the zone of subduction of the Moho border under the Carpathians in the area of junction of the Transcarpathian and Oash deep faults. Additionally, the geodynamic and tectonophysical justification for its presence was given in terms of combination of "alpine", terrane and asthenolitic geodynamics of the region. Taking into account the features of seismotectonics of the Oash and Transcarpathian faults junction zone will contribute to clarifying the assessment of the characteristics and peculiarities of the spatial distribution of natural geoecological, in particular, seismotectonic risks and hazards in the central part of the Ukrainian Transcarpathians.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"E. E. Kozlovskyy, V. Maksymchuk, D. Malytskyi, V. Tymoschuk, O. Hrytsai, N. Pyrizhok","doi":"10.23939/jgd2018.01.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2018.01.100","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to study the features of seismotectonics of the junction zone of the Oash and Transcarpathian faults in the Ukrainian Transcarpathians. The research methodology combines a complex analysis of geological-tectonic, seismological, geomorphological and geodetic data on the studied area. For the clarification of coordinates and depths of local earthquake foci we applied methods of their hypocenters specification, using a calculated seismological hodograph and kinematic corrections. Geological and geophysical data, in particular on regional profiles, were used to link seismic events to specific geological structures. It was established that a number of seismic events were recorded at depths of 40-52 km in the studied zone, in its northeastern part. They occurred simultaneously with traditional deep localization of seismic sources in the crust of the Transcarpathian depression (0-27 km deep), including at the depths of the sole of thrust sedimentary strata / roof of the pre-Neogene basement of the Transcarpathian depression (2-3 km deep) in the southwestern part of the studied area. Since these earthquakes are spatially localized to the northeast of the zone where the Transcarpathian deep fault is traced by geological and geomorphological data on the surface, they indicate the subduction of the crustal structures of the Transcarpathian trough in this direction under the thrusts of the Folded Carpathians. This is also evidenced by the corresponding slope of the seismofocal zone at the intersection of the Transcarpathian Deep Fault at greater (15-30 km) depths. These and other features of local seismotectonics reflect the so-called \"crocodile\" tectonics in the Ukrainian Carpathians. The features encompass the reverse, south-west slope of the seismofocal zone at shallower (0-12 km) depths, as well as the features of the relief of the Carpathians in the studied seismogenic zone. They fully correspond to the characteristics of the \"alpine\" and \"terrain\" geodynamics of the region, i.e. compression and displacement in the northeastern and eastern directions, respectively. For the first time, the research established the presence of relatively deeper (30-55 km) seismic activity in the earth's crust of the Ukrainian Transcarpathians – in the zone of subduction of the Moho border under the Carpathians in the area of junction of the Transcarpathian and Oash deep faults. Additionally, the geodynamic and tectonophysical justification for its presence was given in terms of combination of \"alpine\", terrane and asthenolitic geodynamics of the region. Taking into account the features of seismotectonics of the Oash and Transcarpathian faults junction zone will contribute to clarifying the assessment of the characteristics and peculiarities of the spatial distribution of natural geoecological, in particular, seismotectonic risks and hazards in the central part of the Ukrainian Transcarpathians.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42715896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose. The paper substantiates the need for building seismic zoning maps of Kyiv in the physical parameters of ground motions: peak ground accelerations (PGA), peak ground velocities (PGV) or peak ground displacements (PGD), which are the basis for the effective use of methods for calculating seismic loads on buildings, structures and individual responsible constructions. An intermediate stage in the creation of such maps is the development of a map of seismic zoning of the territory of Kyiv in terms of relative integral estimates of spectral increments in seismic soil oscillations, arising from the influence of the peculiarities of the distribution of physical parameters of soils. The intermediate map gives the distribution over the city territory of a quantitative assessment of the influence of the spectral characteristics of the soil on the seismic hazard, expressed in systemic physical quantities. Methodology. An analytical-empirical approach to mapping the seismic hazard of territories is applied. Within the territory of Kyiv, using the method of seismic-geological analogies, areas (taxonomic zones) were identified, where the seismic effect can differ significantly both in physical parameters: displacement, speed, acceleration – and the ability of soil strata to significantly affect the spectral characteristics of the soil. Results. For each taxonomic zone, a computational seismic-geological model with inelastic deformation parameters has been built, which makes it possible to take into account the occurrence of nonlinear effects under significant seismic influences. Equivalent linear modeling was used to calculate the frequency response of seismic-geological soil models for each taxonomic zone. The averaged frequency response for the ground conditions of the territory of Kyiv was calculated. A map of the distribution of the deviation of the integral amplification of seismic oscillations from the average value for the territory of Kyiv was built. The integral spectral amplification is the area of the subspectral function. A dynamic analysis of the propagation of seismic oscillations in seismic-geological models is carried out and the influence of the upper sedimentary layer on the value of the peak ground acceleration PGA on the free surface is illustrated. Originality. For the first time within the territory of Kyiv, areas (taxonomic zones) have been identified, where the response of the soil to the seismic effect will differ. A map of the distribution of the deviation of the integral amplification of seismic oscillations by soils from the average value for the territory of Kyiv was constructed. Practical significance. The map of seismic zoning of Kyiv in amplitude terms of soil oscillations is proposed to be used when applying the spectral method for calculating an emergency combination of loads, taking into account seismic effects, to determine the value of the calculated relative ground accelerations of the construction site under stud
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"O. Kendzera, Y. Semenova","doi":"10.23939/jgd2018.01.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2018.01.091","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The paper substantiates the need for building seismic zoning maps of Kyiv in the physical parameters of ground motions: peak ground accelerations (PGA), peak ground velocities (PGV) or peak ground displacements (PGD), which are the basis for the effective use of methods for calculating seismic loads on buildings, structures and individual responsible constructions. An intermediate stage in the creation of such maps is the development of a map of seismic zoning of the territory of Kyiv in terms of relative integral estimates of spectral increments in seismic soil oscillations, arising from the influence of the peculiarities of the distribution of physical parameters of soils. The intermediate map gives the distribution over the city territory of a quantitative assessment of the influence of the spectral characteristics of the soil on the seismic hazard, expressed in systemic physical quantities. Methodology. An analytical-empirical approach to mapping the seismic hazard of territories is applied. Within the territory of Kyiv, using the method of seismic-geological analogies, areas (taxonomic zones) were identified, where the seismic effect can differ significantly both in physical parameters: displacement, speed, acceleration – and the ability of soil strata to significantly affect the spectral characteristics of the soil. Results. For each taxonomic zone, a computational seismic-geological model with inelastic deformation parameters has been built, which makes it possible to take into account the occurrence of nonlinear effects under significant seismic influences. Equivalent linear modeling was used to calculate the frequency response of seismic-geological soil models for each taxonomic zone. The averaged frequency response for the ground conditions of the territory of Kyiv was calculated. A map of the distribution of the deviation of the integral amplification of seismic oscillations from the average value for the territory of Kyiv was built. The integral spectral amplification is the area of the subspectral function. A dynamic analysis of the propagation of seismic oscillations in seismic-geological models is carried out and the influence of the upper sedimentary layer on the value of the peak ground acceleration PGA on the free surface is illustrated. Originality. For the first time within the territory of Kyiv, areas (taxonomic zones) have been identified, where the response of the soil to the seismic effect will differ. A map of the distribution of the deviation of the integral amplification of seismic oscillations by soils from the average value for the territory of Kyiv was constructed. Practical significance. The map of seismic zoning of Kyiv in amplitude terms of soil oscillations is proposed to be used when applying the spectral method for calculating an emergency combination of loads, taking into account seismic effects, to determine the value of the calculated relative ground accelerations of the construction site under stud","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44675247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal. Identify the relationship between seasonal temperature changes and vertical and horizontal displacements of GNSS control points based on data obtained by the automated monitoring system of the Dnipro HPP dam in the period from 2016 to 2020. Input data. The research used data of uninterrupted GNSS measurements obtained at 16 points of the Dnipro HPP dam from mid-2016 to mid-2020. Method. A specially developed software product analyzes the GNSS time series of measurements pre-processed by the GeoMoS system to determine the parameters of seasonal displacements and their relationship with seasonal changes in air temperature. The GNSS time series analysis. Based on the conducted research, the influence of environmental temperature has a decisive effect on the cyclicity of dam deformations. This applies to both horizontal and vertical displacements but in the absence of significant changes in the water level in the upper reservoir. Values of extreme displacements increase closer to the middle of the dam and decrease at the edges. This tendency is observed every year in the study period. According to the three-year GNSS dam monitoring, the amplitude of semi-annual horizontal oscillations of the control points relative to the dam axis is in the range of 15-18 mm. Almost all vectors of horizontal displacements are perpendicular to the axis of the arcuate dam. In the first half of the year, the vectors of horizontal displacements aim to widen the dam, and in the second half of the year - at compressing the dam. The analysis of the data represents that almost every year, extreme deviations, both horizontal and vertical, occur in February and August. Temperature extremes occur faster than excessive GNSS displacements. For the dam of the Dnipro HPP, the extreme horizontal displacements lag on average by 37 days, and the vertical ones - by 32 days from the extreme temperatures. The deformations of the dam are related to the concrete structure temperature, which changes with a certain delay relative to the air temperature. The magnitudes of extreme displacements and the epoch of their manifestation depend on the dam's design and its technical parameters. For each dam, these extreme displacements and the periods of their representation will be different. Accordingly, monitoring these displacements and their changes over time is one of the criteria for assessing the general condition of the dam. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The regularities of the connection between the change of temperature and the displacements of the GNSS points, revealed during the research, can be used for the further study of data processing and analysis of the hydraulic structures monitoring.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"K. Tretyak, Bogdan Palianytsia","doi":"10.23939/jgd2018.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2018.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"The goal. Identify the relationship between seasonal temperature changes and vertical and horizontal displacements of GNSS control points based on data obtained by the automated monitoring system of the Dnipro HPP dam in the period from 2016 to 2020. Input data. The research used data of uninterrupted GNSS measurements obtained at 16 points of the Dnipro HPP dam from mid-2016 to mid-2020. Method. A specially developed software product analyzes the GNSS time series of measurements pre-processed by the GeoMoS system to determine the parameters of seasonal displacements and their relationship with seasonal changes in air temperature. The GNSS time series analysis. Based on the conducted research, the influence of environmental temperature has a decisive effect on the cyclicity of dam deformations. This applies to both horizontal and vertical displacements but in the absence of significant changes in the water level in the upper reservoir. Values of extreme displacements increase closer to the middle of the dam and decrease at the edges. This tendency is observed every year in the study period. According to the three-year GNSS dam monitoring, the amplitude of semi-annual horizontal oscillations of the control points relative to the dam axis is in the range of 15-18 mm. Almost all vectors of horizontal displacements are perpendicular to the axis of the arcuate dam. In the first half of the year, the vectors of horizontal displacements aim to widen the dam, and in the second half of the year - at compressing the dam. The analysis of the data represents that almost every year, extreme deviations, both horizontal and vertical, occur in February and August. Temperature extremes occur faster than excessive GNSS displacements. For the dam of the Dnipro HPP, the extreme horizontal displacements lag on average by 37 days, and the vertical ones - by 32 days from the extreme temperatures. The deformations of the dam are related to the concrete structure temperature, which changes with a certain delay relative to the air temperature. The magnitudes of extreme displacements and the epoch of their manifestation depend on the dam's design and its technical parameters. For each dam, these extreme displacements and the periods of their representation will be different. Accordingly, monitoring these displacements and their changes over time is one of the criteria for assessing the general condition of the dam. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The regularities of the connection between the change of temperature and the displacements of the GNSS points, revealed during the research, can be used for the further study of data processing and analysis of the hydraulic structures monitoring.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47429930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose. The purpose of the paper is the reconstruction of the geodynamic development of the shear dislocation zone (shear stress fields) of the Krasnoarmiiska monocline (KM) of Donbas (Eastern Ukraine) and determining the relationships of their impact on the emergence of gas-dynamic phenomena (GDP) in coal sediments. Methodology. Methods of digital geological cartography, mining-geometric simulation, geological-structural analysis, and structural-geomorphological reconstruction are used for the analysis of structural-geological information. A complex of methods for statistical processing of data on the tectonic disturbance is used – estimation of the frequency of azimuth orientations by the roses-diagram method. Techniques of morphotectonic analysis of the coal bed (a mathematical technique for identifying the gradient structures) are applied. Results. A tectonic model of formation of pull-aparts in the mode of transtension on the territory of KM (on the example of “Dobropilska” mine) is proposed, which results in manifestations of GDP (in particular “wet blowers”) in the form of a small kettle of subsidence in zones of en echelon overlapping of shears. The latter ones are formed under the action of the shear field of tectonic stresses (the axis of space shortening is (σ1) due to the horizontal shear is oriented in azimuth 160-170° (340-350°), the axis of elongation is (σ3) – 70-80° (250-260°). At this, the combination of fringing Y and T faultings in the conditions of transtension, most likely, provides gas permeability and water permeability of the zone. Structure-kinematic relationships of formation and development of shear dislocations of KM at Donbas are researched. Originality. The structural-kinematic relationships in the formation and development of shear dislocations of the Krasnoarmiiskyi district of Donbas and their impact on the formation of GDP zones were studied firstly. They based on the developed digital model of the actual tectonic disturbance of the rock massif on the example of the mining allotments group of KM. It is established for the first time: a) subparallel disjunctives of the NE orientation (15-30°), regardless of morphology, are as the boundaries of parallelogram-like blocks, forming either scaly packets or packets of fault scarps (depending on the morphology of the faultings), limited in the strike by the fault planes of N-NE and SW fall; in the case of scaly packets in the orientation of the fall of the fault plane it is dominated by the E-SE direction, the faultings limiting the fault scarps are characterized by the opposite WN direction of the fall; b) faultings of SE orientation are morphologically represented by shear-thrusts, and with depth change not only the angle of incidence from 35° to 85°, but also the azimuth of strike (from 20-25° to 50°), forming a fanlike feathering of the main faulting in the plan; c) faultings of different morphology are represented not by a single fault plane, but by a series of di
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"K. Bezruchko, N. Diachenko","doi":"10.23939/jgd2018.01.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2018.01.027","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The purpose of the paper is the reconstruction of the geodynamic development of the shear dislocation zone (shear stress fields) of the Krasnoarmiiska monocline (KM) of Donbas (Eastern Ukraine) and determining the relationships of their impact on the emergence of gas-dynamic phenomena (GDP) in coal sediments. Methodology. Methods of digital geological cartography, mining-geometric simulation, geological-structural analysis, and structural-geomorphological reconstruction are used for the analysis of structural-geological information. A complex of methods for statistical processing of data on the tectonic disturbance is used – estimation of the frequency of azimuth orientations by the roses-diagram method. Techniques of morphotectonic analysis of the coal bed (a mathematical technique for identifying the gradient structures) are applied. Results. A tectonic model of formation of pull-aparts in the mode of transtension on the territory of KM (on the example of “Dobropilska” mine) is proposed, which results in manifestations of GDP (in particular “wet blowers”) in the form of a small kettle of subsidence in zones of en echelon overlapping of shears. The latter ones are formed under the action of the shear field of tectonic stresses (the axis of space shortening is (σ1) due to the horizontal shear is oriented in azimuth 160-170° (340-350°), the axis of elongation is (σ3) – 70-80° (250-260°). At this, the combination of fringing Y and T faultings in the conditions of transtension, most likely, provides gas permeability and water permeability of the zone. Structure-kinematic relationships of formation and development of shear dislocations of KM at Donbas are researched. Originality. The structural-kinematic relationships in the formation and development of shear dislocations of the Krasnoarmiiskyi district of Donbas and their impact on the formation of GDP zones were studied firstly. They based on the developed digital model of the actual tectonic disturbance of the rock massif on the example of the mining allotments group of KM. It is established for the first time: a) subparallel disjunctives of the NE orientation (15-30°), regardless of morphology, are as the boundaries of parallelogram-like blocks, forming either scaly packets or packets of fault scarps (depending on the morphology of the faultings), limited in the strike by the fault planes of N-NE and SW fall; in the case of scaly packets in the orientation of the fall of the fault plane it is dominated by the E-SE direction, the faultings limiting the fault scarps are characterized by the opposite WN direction of the fall; b) faultings of SE orientation are morphologically represented by shear-thrusts, and with depth change not only the angle of incidence from 35° to 85°, but also the azimuth of strike (from 20-25° to 50°), forming a fanlike feathering of the main faulting in the plan; c) faultings of different morphology are represented not by a single fault plane, but by a series of di","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49186317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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