S. Verbytskyi, B. Kuplovskyi, V. Prokopyshyn, O. Stetskiv, I. Nishchimenko, T. Brych, O. Kruk
Objective. To refine seismic hazard parameters by registering high-frequency microseisms within the site under reconstruction in connection with the land plot enlargement of a plant intended for electronic components manufacturing. To quantify the estimated intensity of seismic shakings (in MSK-64 scale scores) accounting for the effects associated with local engineering and geological conditions at the study site. Methods. Seismic microzonation practical works at construction sites implies the application of short-period microseism registration method, which is considered to be one of the most efficient and unbiased instrumental SMZ methods when the field seismological studies are to be performed in a short period of time. The method relies on comparing parameters of soil micro-vibrations generated by natural and anthropogenic sources at the studied and the reference sites. At that, the soil is regarded as a filter capable of modifying the amplitude and phase oscillation spectra of seismic waves hitting the sedimentary cover basement. The seismic intensity gains were determined by comparing the amplitudes of soil oscillations at registration points over several sections of the site and at a reference point. Microseisms were recorded by using two identical three-channel digital seismic stations DAS-05 being the newest ones out of the model series of automatic seismic stations developed at S. I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine. VEGIK seismometers were used as seismometers. Results. Microseismic oscillation recording analysis has revealed that the main contribution to the formation of a wave field is due to the urban background disturbances falling within the frequency range of f = 8.0 - 18.0 Hz, as well as low-frequency natural oceanic effects amounting to f = 0.4 - 8.0 Hz while high-frequency vibrations are caused by anthropogenic factors amounting to f = 18.0 - 27.0 Hz (Fig. 3). Data of synchronous 24-hour microseism registering have indicated a sufficiently high stability of the amplitude level and frequency composition of microseismic oscillations, which suggests that the microseismic processes approximate stationary ones, provided that non-stationary events are removed from records. Plots of seismic intensity gain values at different frequencies caused by soil conditions at the studied site, determined according to the relation of averaged microseismic amplitude spectra both at the studied and reference site, are shown in Fig. 4. The average estimates of seismic intensity gains in the frequency range of 0.1 - 20.0 Hz for the construction site soil conditions, calculated with respect to microseismic spectral densities per all three vibration components, are presented in Table 1. The seismic intensity gain in relation to the initial (background) one for the engineering and geological conditions of the site equals to ΔIr = -0.21. Scientific novelty. Given the amplitude ratio and amplitude spectra of microseisms recorded at
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"S. Verbytskyi, B. Kuplovskyi, V. Prokopyshyn, O. Stetskiv, I. Nishchimenko, T. Brych, O. Kruk","doi":"10.23939/jgd2021.01.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2021.01.058","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To refine seismic hazard parameters by registering high-frequency microseisms within the site under reconstruction in connection with the land plot enlargement of a plant intended for electronic components manufacturing. To quantify the estimated intensity of seismic shakings (in MSK-64 scale scores) accounting for the effects associated with local engineering and geological conditions at the study site. Methods. Seismic microzonation practical works at construction sites implies the application of short-period microseism registration method, which is considered to be one of the most efficient and unbiased instrumental SMZ methods when the field seismological studies are to be performed in a short period of time. The method relies on comparing parameters of soil micro-vibrations generated by natural and anthropogenic sources at the studied and the reference sites. At that, the soil is regarded as a filter capable of modifying the amplitude and phase oscillation spectra of seismic waves hitting the sedimentary cover basement. The seismic intensity gains were determined by comparing the amplitudes of soil oscillations at registration points over several sections of the site and at a reference point. Microseisms were recorded by using two identical three-channel digital seismic stations DAS-05 being the newest ones out of the model series of automatic seismic stations developed at S. I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine. VEGIK seismometers were used as seismometers. Results. Microseismic oscillation recording analysis has revealed that the main contribution to the formation of a wave field is due to the urban background disturbances falling within the frequency range of f = 8.0 - 18.0 Hz, as well as low-frequency natural oceanic effects amounting to f = 0.4 - 8.0 Hz while high-frequency vibrations are caused by anthropogenic factors amounting to f = 18.0 - 27.0 Hz (Fig. 3). Data of synchronous 24-hour microseism registering have indicated a sufficiently high stability of the amplitude level and frequency composition of microseismic oscillations, which suggests that the microseismic processes approximate stationary ones, provided that non-stationary events are removed from records. Plots of seismic intensity gain values at different frequencies caused by soil conditions at the studied site, determined according to the relation of averaged microseismic amplitude spectra both at the studied and reference site, are shown in Fig. 4. The average estimates of seismic intensity gains in the frequency range of 0.1 - 20.0 Hz for the construction site soil conditions, calculated with respect to microseismic spectral densities per all three vibration components, are presented in Table 1. The seismic intensity gain in relation to the initial (background) one for the engineering and geological conditions of the site equals to ΔIr = -0.21. Scientific novelty. Given the amplitude ratio and amplitude spectra of microseisms recorded at","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45940553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interest in research on the detection of earthquake (EQ) precursors is growing year by year. In this direction, the paper analysed the results of earlier studies, as well as positive results of some studies conducted in the last 5 years. In particular, during the study of EQs, ultra-low frequency (ULF) precursors attract special attention. The study compared the results of electromagnetic (EM) monitoring studies conducted in the ULF range in earlier years and the results of EM monitoring studies conducted in the last 5 years have been compared. The positive results of the researchers investigating the changes in the EM field before the EQ in the ULF range were reviewed. Thus, ULF anomalies from relatively weak (with 4
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"R. Piriyev","doi":"10.23939/jgd2021.01.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2021.01.048","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in research on the detection of earthquake (EQ) precursors is growing year by year. In this direction, the paper analysed the results of earlier studies, as well as positive results of some studies conducted in the last 5 years. In particular, during the study of EQs, ultra-low frequency (ULF) precursors attract special attention. The study compared the results of electromagnetic (EM) monitoring studies conducted in the ULF range in earlier years and the results of EM monitoring studies conducted in the last 5 years have been compared. The positive results of the researchers investigating the changes in the EM field before the EQ in the ULF range were reviewed. Thus, ULF anomalies from relatively weak (with 4<Mw<5) and shallow (with a depth of less than 50 km) EQs were repeatedly observed in 2017 in Indonesia. Before strong EQs, ULF promising EQ precursors were revealed. High ULF amplitude anomalies were recorded before the 2011 Tohoku megaEQ. Anomalous changes of the Earth's induction vector were identified in 6 observatories in Japan. Similar anomalies were also recorded in the ULF range (0.001-0.083 Hz) by the Teoloyucan (Mexico) and Tucson (the United States) geomagnetic observatories from August 1 to September 16, 2017, before the Chiapas EQ in Mexico with a magnitude 8.1. On the whole, the research discovered several dozen EM precursors of EQs with different amplitude, spectral and time parameters. The study was based on the analysis of numerous data for the periods 1976-2010 and 2007-2016 conducted by various researchers. In addition, an original approach is proposed. It consists in the study of geoelectric field changes (ULF precursors of EQs) as they are more sensitive. Processing and interpreting these changes can lead to precise detection of EQ precursors. Thus, this makes it possible to identify geodynamic active zones in which an EQ may occur.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45306088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of assessing the scales and direction of the development of transformation processes that occur in river systems and components of the natural environment of their basins under the influence of a wide range of factors in the long run, remains an urgent task. This is the result of the diversity of human and societal impacts on river basin systems (RBS) and the need to assess the effects of global and regional climate change and their impact on water runoff, sediments and solutes discharges, the geoecological status of river basin systems. To a large extent, this applies to the river basin systems of the Carpathian region, thus the selection of river basin system Bystritsa as a study object, being the right-bank tributary of the Dniester, located in Ivano-Frankivsk region and covering mountain (Ukrainian Carpathians) and foothill (Precarpathian) landscapes with peculiar natural and economic conditions. This RBS is typical for the Carpathian region, so the results will also reflect the situation in other RBS. The aim of the paper is the quantitative assessment of the scales and long-term trends in the development of transformation processes in the structure of the river basin system of Bystritsa, the exploration of the range of factors responsible for these changes and their geoecological consequences and the reflection of the results on a series of cartographic models of RBS. The performed research is based on a complex technique, which combines methods of cartometric analysis of the structure of river systems on the basis of different time (1855, 1925, 1955, 1975, 2008) topographic maps of scale 1: 100 000; methods of analysis of the state of landscape components (soils, forest cover, land structure, etc.) and their long-term changes; methods of analysis of monitoring data on changes of objects and development of processes (water, sediments, and dissolved substances runoff in rivers, manifestation of erosion, mudflow, landslide, karst, mining processes; industrial, agricultural, forestry and water management activities, sewage discharges, surface water and groundwater intake, etc.); methods of remote sensing data analysis and geoinformation-cartographic modeling. As a result of the performed research the conceptual model of transformation processes in river basin systems which occur under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors is developed, parameters of structure of river systems are defined (number of rivers of different orders, their length, general order of RBS on each "time slice" of its state), the scale of development of transformation processes in RBS Bystrytsia from one time slice to the next and for the whole studied period, the degree of influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on these transformations and their geoecological consequences is revealed and estimated. A series of digital maps of RBS Bystrytsia have been compiled, which reflect the main results of the research. A set of environmental measures a
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"A. Kovalchuk, I. Kovalchuk, T. Pavlovska","doi":"10.23939/jgd2020.02.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2020.02.033","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of assessing the scales and direction of the development of transformation processes that occur in river systems and components of the natural environment of their basins under the influence of a wide range of factors in the long run, remains an urgent task. This is the result of the diversity of human and societal impacts on river basin systems (RBS) and the need to assess the effects of global and regional climate change and their impact on water runoff, sediments and solutes discharges, the geoecological status of river basin systems. To a large extent, this applies to the river basin systems of the Carpathian region, thus the selection of river basin system Bystritsa as a study object, being the right-bank tributary of the Dniester, located in Ivano-Frankivsk region and covering mountain (Ukrainian Carpathians) and foothill (Precarpathian) landscapes with peculiar natural and economic conditions. This RBS is typical for the Carpathian region, so the results will also reflect the situation in other RBS. The aim of the paper is the quantitative assessment of the scales and long-term trends in the development of transformation processes in the structure of the river basin system of Bystritsa, the exploration of the range of factors responsible for these changes and their geoecological consequences and the reflection of the results on a series of cartographic models of RBS. The performed research is based on a complex technique, which combines methods of cartometric analysis of the structure of river systems on the basis of different time (1855, 1925, 1955, 1975, 2008) topographic maps of scale 1: 100 000; methods of analysis of the state of landscape components (soils, forest cover, land structure, etc.) and their long-term changes; methods of analysis of monitoring data on changes of objects and development of processes (water, sediments, and dissolved substances runoff in rivers, manifestation of erosion, mudflow, landslide, karst, mining processes; industrial, agricultural, forestry and water management activities, sewage discharges, surface water and groundwater intake, etc.); methods of remote sensing data analysis and geoinformation-cartographic modeling. As a result of the performed research the conceptual model of transformation processes in river basin systems which occur under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors is developed, parameters of structure of river systems are defined (number of rivers of different orders, their length, general order of RBS on each \"time slice\" of its state), the scale of development of transformation processes in RBS Bystrytsia from one time slice to the next and for the whole studied period, the degree of influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on these transformations and their geoecological consequences is revealed and estimated. A series of digital maps of RBS Bystrytsia have been compiled, which reflect the main results of the research. A set of environmental measures a","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47070332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sviatoslav Iuras, M. Orlyuk, S. Levoniuk, V. Drukarenko, B. Kruhlov
The purpose of the study. It needs to substantiate that sources of magnetic anomalies with wavelengths of the first thousand kilometers detected at the present time might have a magneto-mineralogical origin due to the existence of magnetic minerals at the mantle depths, in particular magnetite, hematite, native iron, as well as iron alloys. It should be also shown that present temporal changes of long-wave magnetic anomalies should be induced by changes of the magnetic properties of these minerals due to thermodynamic and fluid modes. According to numerous authors, the transformations of magnetic minerals occur in special tectonic zones of the upper mantle of the Earth, in particular at junction zones of lithospheric plates of different types, rifts, plumes, tectonic-thermal activation, etc. Areas of the upper mantle with temperatures below the Curie temperature of magnetite can be magnetic, such as subduction zones, cratons, and regions with the old oceanic lithosphere. Iron oxides might be a potential source of magnetic anomalies of the upper mantle besides magnetite and native iron, in particular hematite (α-Fe2O3), which is the dominant oxide in subduction zones at depths of 300 to 600 km. It was proved experimentally by foreign researchers that in cold subduction slabs, hematite remains its magnetic properties up to the mantle transition zone (approximately 410-600 km). Conclusions. A review of previous studies of native and foreign authors has made it possible to substantiate the possibility of the existence of magnetized rocks at the mantle depths, including native iron at the magneto-mineralogical level, and their possible changes due to thermodynamic factors and fluid regime. It has been experimentally proven by foreign researchers that in subduction zones of the lithospheric slabs their magnetization might be preserved for a long time at the mantle depths, as well as increase of magnetic susceptibility may observed due to the Hopkinson effect near the Curie temperature of magnetic minerals. Practical value. Information about the ability of the mantle to contain magnetic minerals and to have a residual magnetization up to the depths of the transition zone was obtained. It should be used in the interpretation of both modern magnetic anomalies and paleomagnetic data.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"Sviatoslav Iuras, M. Orlyuk, S. Levoniuk, V. Drukarenko, B. Kruhlov","doi":"10.23939/jgd2020.02.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2020.02.089","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study. It needs to substantiate that sources of magnetic anomalies with wavelengths of the first thousand kilometers detected at the present time might have a magneto-mineralogical origin due to the existence of magnetic minerals at the mantle depths, in particular magnetite, hematite, native iron, as well as iron alloys. It should be also shown that present temporal changes of long-wave magnetic anomalies should be induced by changes of the magnetic properties of these minerals due to thermodynamic and fluid modes. According to numerous authors, the transformations of magnetic minerals occur in special tectonic zones of the upper mantle of the Earth, in particular at junction zones of lithospheric plates of different types, rifts, plumes, tectonic-thermal activation, etc. Areas of the upper mantle with temperatures below the Curie temperature of magnetite can be magnetic, such as subduction zones, cratons, and regions with the old oceanic lithosphere. Iron oxides might be a potential source of magnetic anomalies of the upper mantle besides magnetite and native iron, in particular hematite (α-Fe2O3), which is the dominant oxide in subduction zones at depths of 300 to 600 km. It was proved experimentally by foreign researchers that in cold subduction slabs, hematite remains its magnetic properties up to the mantle transition zone (approximately 410-600 km). Conclusions. A review of previous studies of native and foreign authors has made it possible to substantiate the possibility of the existence of magnetized rocks at the mantle depths, including native iron at the magneto-mineralogical level, and their possible changes due to thermodynamic factors and fluid regime. It has been experimentally proven by foreign researchers that in subduction zones of the lithospheric slabs their magnetization might be preserved for a long time at the mantle depths, as well as increase of magnetic susceptibility may observed due to the Hopkinson effect near the Curie temperature of magnetic minerals. Practical value. Information about the ability of the mantle to contain magnetic minerals and to have a residual magnetization up to the depths of the transition zone was obtained. It should be used in the interpretation of both modern magnetic anomalies and paleomagnetic data.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41797516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim of the work is tectonophysical identify the totality of the deformation structures of the collisional evolutionary stage, which determine the tectonic style of the Transition Zone between Dnieper-Donets Basin and the Donbas Foldbelt. Methods. For the research, we used the author's technique for reconstructing the fields of tectonic deformations and tectonophysical analysis of geostructures. The analytical base of the research was made up of new materials of geological mapping of the territory of the transition zone between the Basin and the Foldbelt. Results. Inversion deformations of the Dnieper-Donets Paleorift were controlled by lattices of tectonites of regionally stable submeridional directions of movements. An analysis of structural patterns of tectonites indicates over the riftogenic faults of the basement in the sedimentary cover of the transition zone, echeloned stages of plumage are formed, composed of thrusts with a significant component of horizontal displacement. The tectonic style of the Transition Zone is determined by the pushing on the low dislocation autochthonous of the Basin of the repeatedly deformed, crumpled into the folds of sedimentary geomas from the Foldbelt. The allochthon structural and tectonic framework consists of thrusts, coulisse-jointed structural ensembles of thrusts, folded covers of transverse extrusion of geomas from axial to side zones, and folded covers of longitudinal thrust towards the depression. All together its form the Western Donets Cover-folded Region, the main structural element of which is the Segment of the Tectonic Wedging of geomass. The north-eastern flank of the Segment is formed by linear anticlinal zones - Torsky-Drobishivska, North-Donets, Matrossko-Toshkovska, south-western - Petrovsko-Novotroitska. The structural apex of the Segment is a tectonic junction at the ends of dynamically conjugated thrusts in the area of the joint of the salt-dome shafts of the axial part of the Basin. Scientific novelty. The tectonic inversion is responsible for the formation of three folded structural floors - the Herzinian, Laramian and Attic. According to the dynamically coupled lattice, a cover-folding system of tectonic thrusting was formed in them, which was first diagnosed as a Segment of Tectonic Wedging of geomas by the Donbas Foldbelt. On the basis of this, within the Transtition Zone, a Western-Donetsk cover-folded Region was separated, covering two tectonic areas in intensity and style of deformation of the sedimentary cover - Kalmius-Toretsky area of scaly covering in the southwestern part, which is limited to the South Donbass Melange Zone in the south, and the Lugansk-Kamyshuvakhsky area of the coulisse-jointed uplift-folding on the northeastern part, which from the north is limited by the low-folded Mesozoic-Cenozoic cover. They are separated by the Central Zone of Strike-slip control along the axial folded zone of large stage-jointed uplift-folds, which include Great-Kamyshuvakhska, Novo
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"A. V. Bartashchuk, V. Suyarko","doi":"10.23939/jgd2020.02.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2020.02.051","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the work is tectonophysical identify the totality of the deformation structures of the collisional evolutionary stage, which determine the tectonic style of the Transition Zone between Dnieper-Donets Basin and the Donbas Foldbelt. Methods. For the research, we used the author's technique for reconstructing the fields of tectonic deformations and tectonophysical analysis of geostructures. The analytical base of the research was made up of new materials of geological mapping of the territory of the transition zone between the Basin and the Foldbelt. Results. Inversion deformations of the Dnieper-Donets Paleorift were controlled by lattices of tectonites of regionally stable submeridional directions of movements. An analysis of structural patterns of tectonites indicates over the riftogenic faults of the basement in the sedimentary cover of the transition zone, echeloned stages of plumage are formed, composed of thrusts with a significant component of horizontal displacement. The tectonic style of the Transition Zone is determined by the pushing on the low dislocation autochthonous of the Basin of the repeatedly deformed, crumpled into the folds of sedimentary geomas from the Foldbelt. The allochthon structural and tectonic framework consists of thrusts, coulisse-jointed structural ensembles of thrusts, folded covers of transverse extrusion of geomas from axial to side zones, and folded covers of longitudinal thrust towards the depression. All together its form the Western Donets Cover-folded Region, the main structural element of which is the Segment of the Tectonic Wedging of geomass. The north-eastern flank of the Segment is formed by linear anticlinal zones - Torsky-Drobishivska, North-Donets, Matrossko-Toshkovska, south-western - Petrovsko-Novotroitska. The structural apex of the Segment is a tectonic junction at the ends of dynamically conjugated thrusts in the area of the joint of the salt-dome shafts of the axial part of the Basin. Scientific novelty. The tectonic inversion is responsible for the formation of three folded structural floors - the Herzinian, Laramian and Attic. According to the dynamically coupled lattice, a cover-folding system of tectonic thrusting was formed in them, which was first diagnosed as a Segment of Tectonic Wedging of geomas by the Donbas Foldbelt. On the basis of this, within the Transtition Zone, a Western-Donetsk cover-folded Region was separated, covering two tectonic areas in intensity and style of deformation of the sedimentary cover - Kalmius-Toretsky area of scaly covering in the southwestern part, which is limited to the South Donbass Melange Zone in the south, and the Lugansk-Kamyshuvakhsky area of the coulisse-jointed uplift-folding on the northeastern part, which from the north is limited by the low-folded Mesozoic-Cenozoic cover. They are separated by the Central Zone of Strike-slip control along the axial folded zone of large stage-jointed uplift-folds, which include Great-Kamyshuvakhska, Novo","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44783554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"K. Aghayev, R. Kuliyev, Sh. Z. Yaqubova","doi":"10.23939/jgd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44118608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose. Our research main purpose is to demonstrate the use of entropy maximization method for calculating the geochemical system composition, which consist of solid and gaseous organic substances. Changing the geodynamic situation is the driving force of elements redistribution between compounds in such systems. According to thermodynamic apparatus the main factors influencing this redistribution are pressure, temperature and the initial number of elements. Methods. Gibbs energy minimizing, maximizing the entropy, independent chemical reactions constants, Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers, Newton–Raphson iterative method. It is well known that the fossilized organic matter, which is mainly represented by many types of kerogen, is an irregular polymer with structure, which cannot be described definitely. To calculate the equilibrium in the kerogen/gas system and obtain reliable results, it is necessary to apply a new model, without using the model structures of kerogen. We have proposed and described in detail a method of applying the Jaynes' formalism and maximizing entropy method to calculate the change in the composition of the kerogen/gas system with geodynamic regimes changing. Software in the Excel macros form and a compiled dynamic library, written in Visual Basic language, was created for calculations. Results. To verify the reliability of the proposed method and algorithm, we calculated the composition of the geochemical system, consisting of type II kerogen, methane to pentane hydrocarbons (including isomers), carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen sulfide. The calculation result is the molar fractions of hydrocarbon components and additive groups that make up kerogen, for different depths of the earth's crust. The calculations were performed for three heat fluxes: 40, 75 and 100 mW/m2, lithostatic pressure taken in account. Scientific novelty. It is established that the geodynamic situation changing in a complex way affects the distribution of elements between gases and kerogen in a closed thermodynamic system; modeling the kerogen/gas system behavior by method of entropy maximization provides results that do not contradict to study the structure of type II kerogen at different stages of maturity; the character of changes in the concentrations of hydrocarbon gases in equilibrium with type II kerogen indicates the inconsistency of the "oil window" hypothesis with the postulates of equilibrium thermodynamics. Practical significance. The entropy maximization method can be successfully used to calculate the composition of various geochemical systems consisting of organic compounds. The method is suitable for determining chemical composition of the irregular polymers, such as kerogen, bitumen, humic, in equilibrium with organic and inorganic gases and liquids.
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"Y. Khokha, M. V. Yakovenko, O. V. Lubchak","doi":"10.23939/jgd2020.01.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2020.01.038","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Our research main purpose is to demonstrate the use of entropy maximization method for calculating the geochemical system composition, which consist of solid and gaseous organic substances. Changing the geodynamic situation is the driving force of elements redistribution between compounds in such systems. According to thermodynamic apparatus the main factors influencing this redistribution are pressure, temperature and the initial number of elements. Methods. Gibbs energy minimizing, maximizing the entropy, independent chemical reactions constants, Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers, Newton–Raphson iterative method. It is well known that the fossilized organic matter, which is mainly represented by many types of kerogen, is an irregular polymer with structure, which cannot be described definitely. To calculate the equilibrium in the kerogen/gas system and obtain reliable results, it is necessary to apply a new model, without using the model structures of kerogen. We have proposed and described in detail a method of applying the Jaynes' formalism and maximizing entropy method to calculate the change in the composition of the kerogen/gas system with geodynamic regimes changing. Software in the Excel macros form and a compiled dynamic library, written in Visual Basic language, was created for calculations. Results. To verify the reliability of the proposed method and algorithm, we calculated the composition of the geochemical system, consisting of type II kerogen, methane to pentane hydrocarbons (including isomers), carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen sulfide. The calculation result is the molar fractions of hydrocarbon components and additive groups that make up kerogen, for different depths of the earth's crust. The calculations were performed for three heat fluxes: 40, 75 and 100 mW/m2, lithostatic pressure taken in account. Scientific novelty. It is established that the geodynamic situation changing in a complex way affects the distribution of elements between gases and kerogen in a closed thermodynamic system; modeling the kerogen/gas system behavior by method of entropy maximization provides results that do not contradict to study the structure of type II kerogen at different stages of maturity; the character of changes in the concentrations of hydrocarbon gases in equilibrium with type II kerogen indicates the inconsistency of the \"oil window\" hypothesis with the postulates of equilibrium thermodynamics. Practical significance. The entropy maximization method can be successfully used to calculate the composition of various geochemical systems consisting of organic compounds. The method is suitable for determining chemical composition of the irregular polymers, such as kerogen, bitumen, humic, in equilibrium with organic and inorganic gases and liquids.","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44542208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"Y. Yaremchuk, S. Vovnyuk, S. P. Hryniv","doi":"10.23939/jgd2020.01.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2020.01.052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42043144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Korchin, O. Rusakov, P. Burtnyi, E. Karnaukhova
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"V. Korchin, O. Rusakov, P. Burtnyi, E. Karnaukhova","doi":"10.23939/jgd2020.01.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2020.01.081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43225978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GEODYNAMICS","authors":"V. Pavlyk, A. Kutnyi, O. Kalnyk","doi":"10.23939/jgd2019.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2019.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46263,"journal":{"name":"Geodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42806729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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