Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.090
V. Kryzhanovskyi
Dytynets of ancient Kyiv is an inner fortified part within the “city of Volodymyr”, with a total area of 10—12 hectares. At different times, its territory has been explored by many archaeologists. During the period from 1907 to 2013, 22 archaeological objects were discovered and researched on the territory of the Kyiv Dytynets, as well as separate buildings, furnaces and various finds from ancient Rus’ cultural strata related to jewellery. All of them were located within the “city of Volodymyr” and were recorded at the sites of 10 excavations, namely: five objects were located at the address — Volodymyrska st., 2 (territory of the National Museum of History of Ukraine); two — on Volodymyrska st., 7—9; one — on Desiatynna st., 2; eight — on Velyka Zhytomyrska st., 2; four — on Volodymyrska st., 8; two — on Desiatynna st., 3—A—B, 5—D. According to their chronology, these objects are dated by the XI — first half of the XIII c. After analyzing the location of jewellery workshops, there can be identified at least two large focuses — the quarters of jewellers, where the masters lived and worked. The first (largest) was located along the even side of modern Volodymyrska st. and stretched from the northern slope of Starokyivska Mountain to Volodymyrska st., 8. From the west it was limited to Goncharnyi ravine, and from the east — the carriageway of Volodymyrska st. There were 11 jewellery production facilities on its territory. The total area of this quarter was about 3.5 hectares. This centre at different times could serve the Grand Ducal court with its palace complexes, work for the needs of the boyar nobility and clergy. The second was located between the streets: Volodymyrska (from the west) and Desiatynna (from the east). In the south, it was limited by the carriageway of Velyka Zhytomyrska st. There were 10 jewellery production facilities on its territory. The total area of this quarter was about 1.2 hectares. Most likely, this centre belonged to a greater extent to the estate of the Fedoriv monastery of the XII c. and served the princely court of Mstyslav Volodymyrovych, who built the monastery. Thus, since the XI c. on the territory of Kyiv Dytynets the jewellery manufacturing had been developing rapidly. Production workshops spread over an area of almost 5 hectares and existed until Kyiv devastation in 1240.
古基辅的Dytynets是“Volodymyr城”的内部防御部分，总面积为10-12公顷。在不同的时期，它的领土被许多考古学家探索过。在1907年至2013年期间，在基辅王朝的领土上发现和研究了22件考古物品，以及古罗斯文化地层中与珠宝有关的独立建筑、熔炉和各种发现。所有这些都位于“Volodymyr市”内，并在10次发掘地点记录下来，即:5件物品位于地址- Volodymyrska st. 2(乌克兰国家历史博物馆领土);Volodymyrska街2号，7-9;1 - on Desiatynna st.， 2;8 -在大日托米尔斯卡街2号;Volodymyrska街4号，8号;2 -在德西提纳街，3-A-B, 5-D。根据他们的年表，这些物品的年代是十一世纪-十三世纪上半叶。在分析了珠宝作坊的位置后，可以确定至少两个大的焦点-珠宝商的宿舍，大师们生活和工作的地方。第一个(最大的)位于现代Volodymyrska街的均匀一侧，从Starokyivska山的北坡延伸到Volodymyrska街，8。从西部到Goncharnyi峡谷，从东部到Volodymyrska st.的行车道，在其领土上有11个珠宝生产设施。这个季度的总面积约为3.5公顷。这个中心在不同时期可以为大公宫廷和宫殿建筑群服务，为波雅尔贵族和神职人员服务。第二个位于街道之间:Volodymyrska(从西面)和Desiatynna(从东面)。在南部，它受到Velyka Zhytomyrska街行车道的限制，在其领土上有10个珠宝生产设施。这个季度的总面积约为1.2公顷。最有可能的是，这个中心在很大程度上属于十二世纪费多里夫修道院的财产，并为建造修道院的姆斯季斯拉夫·沃洛迪米罗维奇的王公宫廷服务。因此，自公元11世纪以来，在基辅王朝的领土上，珠宝制造业一直在迅速发展。生产车间分布在近5公顷的面积上，一直存在到1240年基辅被毁。
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Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.028
V. Aksionov
One of the typical features of the funeral rite of the Alanian population of the Saltov culture is the sprinkling of the burial chamber floor with a layer of charcoal. Paired (male + female) burials on coal bedding S. A. Pletneva considered as burials of couples in which coal was a symbol of “posthumous marriage”. The presence of coal bedding in solitary burials in the catacombs Nos. 6, 9, 11, 13, 17 of Rubizhan and the catacombs Nos. 1, 10 of the Staro-Saltov burial grounds allows us to offer a different interpretation of this feature of the Alanian funeral rite. At these cemeteries, the dominant type of burial structure was the catacombs with a longitudinal chamber in relation to the dromos, which were used by the Sarmatian-Alans often for one-time rather than family burials. Thus, taking into account ethnographic materials on Ossetians, it can be suggested that the initial sprinkling of charcoal on the floor of the burial chamber was associated with the rite of endowing the dead person with a “part of the family fire”, which was to ensure the unity of the dead people with their living relatives. In this context, the sprinkling of charcoal from the family hearth on the floor of the burial chamber should be considered as a desire to provide the deceased with the necessary heat and light, and thus turn the grave into a full-fledged otherworldly home, which, if necessary, could accept new deceased relatives. This assumption is confirmed by paired and collective burials at the Upper-Saltov burial ground, in which coal bedding was made only under one of the people buried in the chamber. At the same time, bodies of people were laid on the coal bedding, regardless of their gender (male, female) and age (children, adults). The use of charcoal to dry the chamber floor in adverse weather conditions before placing the bodies of a deceased person cannot be excluded.
{"title":"Fiery rituals among the Alanian population of the Saltov culture of the Seversky Donets Basin (based on materials from catacomb cemeteries)","authors":"V. Aksionov","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.028","url":null,"abstract":"One of the typical features of the funeral rite of the Alanian population of the Saltov culture is the sprinkling of the burial chamber floor with a layer of charcoal. Paired (male + female) burials on coal bedding S. A. Pletneva considered as burials of couples in which coal was a symbol of “posthumous marriage”. The presence of coal bedding in solitary burials in the catacombs Nos. 6, 9, 11, 13, 17 of Rubizhan and the catacombs Nos. 1, 10 of the Staro-Saltov burial grounds allows us to offer a different interpretation of this feature of the Alanian funeral rite. At these cemeteries, the dominant type of burial structure was the catacombs with a longitudinal chamber in relation to the dromos, which were used by the Sarmatian-Alans often for one-time rather than family burials. Thus, taking into account ethnographic materials on Ossetians, it can be suggested that the initial sprinkling of charcoal on the floor of the burial chamber was associated with the rite of endowing the dead person with a “part of the family fire”, which was to ensure the unity of the dead people with their living relatives. In this context, the sprinkling of charcoal from the family hearth on the floor of the burial chamber should be considered as a desire to provide the deceased with the necessary heat and light, and thus turn the grave into a full-fledged otherworldly home, which, if necessary, could accept new deceased relatives. This assumption is confirmed by paired and collective burials at the Upper-Saltov burial ground, in which coal bedding was made only under one of the people buried in the chamber. At the same time, bodies of people were laid on the coal bedding, regardless of their gender (male, female) and age (children, adults). The use of charcoal to dry the chamber floor in adverse weather conditions before placing the bodies of a deceased person cannot be excluded.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48020925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.005
Ihor Bruiako
In the article the specifics of coins circulation and the role of money in the trade-economic relations in the North-Western Black Sea Region in the antiquity are analyzed. Some coins distinctions in the ancient Greek period and Roman time are noted.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.113
L. Myronenko, A. Korokhina, V. Belskyi
In 2015 during the archaeological excavations on the territory of “Kochubei” park in Baturyn a blockage of tiles was discovered in cultural layer. The blockage, besides tiles, contained broken bricks, yellow clay, and little fractures of lime. Discovered materials were remains from the tile-stove, located in the smallest room of the General Judge V. Kochubei’s house, which probably was a girls’ room. Found tiles fragments belonged to at least of 38 specimens. The tiles collection is represented by two varieties of panel and cornice tiles. All products are unglazed, have a relief floral motif and the traces of shoot inside. The surfaces of some items were covered by a layer of chalk. Based on constructional (a type of rim figuration) and decorative features there was noticed similarities between pairs panel—cornice tiles. Petrographic and elemental analyses have showed that all tiles were made of clay from one deposit and burnt at the same temperature within two similar or one cycle. Written sources about the organization of workshop craft, analysis, design, and decorative features of the products allowed assuming that two masters of the same craft association worked on the stove construction and the production of tiles for it. The tiles set attest to the two-tiers stove. The well-known Baturyn, Ukrainian and foreign analogies let us graphically recreate the appearance of the tile stove and its estimated size. The tile-stove was built between 1700 and 1708 when the house belonged to V. Kochubei, and later it was destroyed in the second half of the XVIII c., not earlier than in 1778. Accordingly, the tile stove from the girl’s room had existed in the house for 70—78 years, during which it had been whitewashed, possibly repeatedly, to hide traces of soot and dust on the surface.
{"title":"The Ornamented Tile-Stove From the V. Kochubei’s House in Baturyn","authors":"L. Myronenko, A. Korokhina, V. Belskyi","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.113","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015 during the archaeological excavations on the territory of “Kochubei” park in Baturyn a blockage of tiles was discovered in cultural layer. The blockage, besides tiles, contained broken bricks, yellow clay, and little fractures of lime. Discovered materials were remains from the tile-stove, located in the smallest room of the General Judge V. Kochubei’s house, which probably was a girls’ room. Found tiles fragments belonged to at least of 38 specimens. The tiles collection is represented by two varieties of panel and cornice tiles. All products are unglazed, have a relief floral motif and the traces of shoot inside. The surfaces of some items were covered by a layer of chalk. Based on constructional (a type of rim figuration) and decorative features there was noticed similarities between pairs panel—cornice tiles. Petrographic and elemental analyses have showed that all tiles were made of clay from one deposit and burnt at the same temperature within two similar or one cycle. Written sources about the organization of workshop craft, analysis, design, and decorative features of the products allowed assuming that two masters of the same craft association worked on the stove construction and the production of tiles for it. The tiles set attest to the two-tiers stove. The well-known Baturyn, Ukrainian and foreign analogies let us graphically recreate the appearance of the tile stove and its estimated size. The tile-stove was built between 1700 and 1708 when the house belonged to V. Kochubei, and later it was destroyed in the second half of the XVIII c., not earlier than in 1778. Accordingly, the tile stove from the girl’s room had existed in the house for 70—78 years, during which it had been whitewashed, possibly repeatedly, to hide traces of soot and dust on the surface.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"113-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44696296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.082
M. Serheieva, V. Zhyhola
In the article a decorative antler plaque with the image of griffin found in 2020 in the unfortified part of the hill-fort near Zarichne village (Trostianetskyi district, Sumy Region) is analyzed. The item comes from an object dated from the 12—13th centuries. General decorating composition of the product is carved in the through groove technique. The main elements of the griffin figure (head, wings, paws and tail) were modeled in low relief technique using elements of incised carving. A possible interpretation of the item is a pendant, bracket or other decorative piece. The style of the griffin image is quite traditional for Ancient Rus plastic art of the 11—13th c. However, the through groove decoration of bone products was not common in the bone carving tradition in the southern regions of Rus. The manufacturing technique of the item may indicate its imported origin (most likely from the Crimea or Bulgaria). It is also possible a local manufacturing as an imitation of the imported sample or by an itinerant craftsman. The symbolic meaning of the griffin images can be reduced to several aspects: 1) the connection with the authorities (governance), including in its sacred aspects (elements of the elite’s ornaments); 2) connection with military symbols (images on belt pads, saddle details); 3) security symbols on details of clothes, jewelry, both male and female; 4) the cosmic symbolism of the griffin (in particular, the image near the “world tree”) is closely related to the above. From the context of a decorative plaque from Zarichne (the unfortified part of the hill-fort, outside the social elite’s objects), one can assume its role as a product that, in addition to a purely aesthetic load, could perform protective functions in the ideas of its owner.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.105
A. Sushko
Glazed painted eggs were one of the most vivid manifestations of Ancient Rus’ ceramic art. Nevertheless, today there are still unsolved problems in study of this category of archaeological material. It concerns technological aspects. These articles were made of ordinary pottery loam in a band way. They were formed hollow and contained a small ceramic ball in the inner part. After the molding they were fired, then covered with transparent glaze, which served as a background. In most cases green and fulvous glaze was used. Then, by using a special tubular instrument the painting was made with glaze of another colour, usually yellow and green, and the item was heated up again in the kiln in order to smooth the surface. Paintings were not multifarious. There were three main types of designs: ordinary stripes, which surrounded the item several times; unsystematic stripes that were put lengthwise and athwart; and also braces, which were the most common ornament. The question of the Ancient Rus’ glaze, which covered the glazed painted eggs, was raised in the 1960-ies by T. Makarova. However, today, on the basis of our collection and in the context of significant changes in the field of science, we have succeeded in clarifying and extending the known facts. The Nanomedtech Electron Microscopy Laboratory with the help of a Tescan Mira 3 LMU scanning microscope and the Gatan Pecs 682 precision etching and coating system was kindly performed with spectral analysis. Spectral analysis confirmed that Ancient Rus’ glaze had a lead-silica composition with a high content of tin. Brown colour was obtained by iron oxide, yellow by lead, green by copper. A general glaze formula was developed, which should consist essentially of Pb and Si oxide. On the example of two samples that have the same yellow colour, the difference in the quantitative composition of the components and their percentage can be seen that, by-turn, confirms the view of the relative dimensions of component measurement. The analysis of a small amount of material allowed describing the technology of painted eggs manufacturing.
彩绘蛋是古罗斯陶瓷艺术最生动的表现之一。然而，在对这类考古材料的研究中，至今仍存在一些尚未解决的问题。它涉及技术方面。这些物品是用普通陶土用粗法制成的。它们是中空的，内部装有一个小陶瓷球。成型后，它们被烧制，然后覆盖上透明的釉，作为背景。在大多数情况下，绿色和黄褐色的釉被使用。然后，通过使用一种特殊的管状仪器，用另一种颜色(通常是黄色和绿色)的釉制成这幅画，并在窑中再次加热，以使表面光滑。绘画并不繁杂。主要有三种类型的设计:普通条纹，环绕物品几圈;纵向和横向排列的不规则条纹;还有牙套，这是最常见的装饰品。上世纪60年代，t·马卡罗娃(T. Makarova)提出了覆盖在彩绘彩蛋上的古罗斯釉的问题。然而，今天，在我们收集的基础上，在科学领域发生重大变化的背景下，我们成功地澄清和扩展了已知的事实。纳米电子显微镜实验室借助Tescan Mira 3 LMU扫描显微镜和Gatan Pecs 682精密蚀刻和涂层系统进行光谱分析。光谱分析证实，古罗斯的釉中含有铅-硅成分，锡含量很高。氧化铁是棕色的，铅是黄色的，铜是绿色的。开发了一种通用的釉料配方，主要由铅和氧化硅组成。在两个具有相同黄色的样品的例子中，可以看到成分的定量组成及其百分比的差异，依次证实了成分测量的相对尺寸的观点。对少量材料的分析可以描述彩绘蛋的制造技术。
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Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.065
M. Ivanov
The prominent pottery type of the Catacomb cultures of the northern Pontic steppe in 2500—2300 BC are the beakers of the Donetsk type. Donetsk beakers can be described as globular vessels with straight neck and articulated foot. Beaker’s body is often decorated with impressions of braid that form circles or a garland. Though the majority of Donetsk beakers originate from the burials of Donetsk Catacomb culture of the Seversky Donets basin, several beakers were found to the west from the Donetsk culture area. Currently, 14 Donetsk beakers coming from the Inhul Catacomb culture are known. Mapping of the Donetsk beakers found in the burials of the Inhul Catacomb culture indicates the distribution of the Eastern vessels among all local groups of the Inhul culture such as Molochansk, the North-Crimea, the Oril-Samara, the Southern and Northern Inhul and Kryvyi Rih territorial areas. As an exception can be named the Dniester-Southern Bug group. The latter is often described in historiography as an inclusion from outer influences during the second half of the 3rd millennia and the study of beakers is supported by such a conclusion. Mapping also reveals the concentration of Donetsk beakers near Kryvyi Rih copper ore basin, which had been exploited since the second half of the 4th millennia BC. It may be assumed that the appearance of Donetsk beakers represents the migration of Donetsk culture’s metallurgists who were searching for the new sources of raw materials. The distribution of the Donetsk Catacomb culture burials, as well as Donetsk beakers, allows reconstructing two routs of migration of the Donetsk people. Some of them could have come from the South, the North-Eastern Azov region. Others could have come from the North, the territory of the Left-bank Ukraine Forest-Steppe. Distribution areas of the Donetsk and Inhul cultures collide on the line Poltava-Lozova which is attested by the materials of Storozhove, Ternivka and Petrivka burial mound. Thus, numerous examples of Donetsk beakers found inside the burials of the Inhul Catacomb culture indicate a long-running migration of the Donetsk people from the Sevesky Donets basin to the Ukrainian Right-bank steppe during the period from 2500 to 2300 BC.
{"title":"Distribution of the Donetsk Type Beakers Among the Ingul Catacomb Culture Burials","authors":"M. Ivanov","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.065","url":null,"abstract":"The prominent pottery type of the Catacomb cultures of the northern Pontic steppe in 2500—2300 BC are the beakers of the Donetsk type. Donetsk beakers can be described as globular vessels with straight neck and articulated foot. Beaker’s body is often decorated with impressions of braid that form circles or a garland. Though the majority of Donetsk beakers originate from the burials of Donetsk Catacomb culture of the Seversky Donets basin, several beakers were found to the west from the Donetsk culture area. Currently, 14 Donetsk beakers coming from the Inhul Catacomb culture are known. Mapping of the Donetsk beakers found in the burials of the Inhul Catacomb culture indicates the distribution of the Eastern vessels among all local groups of the Inhul culture such as Molochansk, the North-Crimea, the Oril-Samara, the Southern and Northern Inhul and Kryvyi Rih territorial areas. As an exception can be named the Dniester-Southern Bug group. The latter is often described in historiography as an inclusion from outer influences during the second half of the 3rd millennia and the study of beakers is supported by such a conclusion. Mapping also reveals the concentration of Donetsk beakers near Kryvyi Rih copper ore basin, which had been exploited since the second half of the 4th millennia BC. It may be assumed that the appearance of Donetsk beakers represents the migration of Donetsk culture’s metallurgists who were searching for the new sources of raw materials. The distribution of the Donetsk Catacomb culture burials, as well as Donetsk beakers, allows reconstructing two routs of migration of the Donetsk people. Some of them could have come from the South, the North-Eastern Azov region. Others could have come from the North, the territory of the Left-bank Ukraine Forest-Steppe. Distribution areas of the Donetsk and Inhul cultures collide on the line Poltava-Lozova which is attested by the materials of Storozhove, Ternivka and Petrivka burial mound. Thus, numerous examples of Donetsk beakers found inside the burials of the Inhul Catacomb culture indicate a long-running migration of the Donetsk people from the Sevesky Donets basin to the Ukrainian Right-bank steppe during the period from 2500 to 2300 BC.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42970478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.012
Denys Grechko
The article deals with the problem of the arrowheads of the Scythian type dating from Central Europe of the Late Hallstatt period
本文讨论了哈尔斯塔特晚期中欧斯基泰人型箭头的问题
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Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.128
O. Popelnytska
In the archives of The National Museum of History of Ukraine in the fund No. 4 (K. V. Bolsunovskyi) there are personal documents of the famous local historian and museum figure Stepan Leontiiovych Drozdov, among them — five letters of the famous archaeologist Valeria Yevhenivna Kozlovska. This correspondence is a fragment of V. Ye. Kozlovska’s archive, part of which is now outside Ukraine, or is scattered across the personal archives of Ukrainian scientists who were a part of V. Ye. Kozlovska’s circle of contacts and have not yet been introduced into scientific circulation. Therefore, each new revealed letter of V. Ye. Kozlovska has a significant scientific value as a source for the biography of this outstanding personality and scientist. The earliest of V. Ye. Kozlovska’s letters to S. L. Drozdov is dated by June 14, 1916; there was mentioned the evacuation of the Kyiv Art, Industrial and Scientific Museum collections during the First World War. The next four letters concerned the activities of the expedition of the All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee in 1929 in Bilotserkivshchyna. In addition to V. Ye. Kozlovska — the head of the expedition, it included F. M. Ivanov and J. F. Maslun — employees of the Bilotserkivskyi District Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum, V. A. Mazur — an employee of the T. Shevchenko All-Ukrainian Historical Museum, a draftsman (whose surname is not mentioned in the letters) and a certain Mykola Mykhailovych was also mentioned in the letters — obviously M. M. Tkachenko — an employee of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and the husband of V. Ye. Kozlovska. In a letter dated by May 14, 1929, V. Ye. Kozlovska appealed to S. L. Drozdov with a proposal to conduct joint excavations of the All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee and the Bila Tserkva Museum. In a letter dated by September 22, 1929, V. Ye. Kozlovska informed S. L. Drozdov that she would be able to arrive to Didivshchyna village not earlier than in September 28. The place of writing the letter dated by October 3, 1929 is the corner of Zalissia in Didivshchyna village. The letter mentions the arrival of S. L. Drozdov for excavations, finds of an iron knife and two male burials, packing archaeological finds in boxes. V. Ye. Kozlovska also asked S. L. Drozdov to find in Bila Tserkva a technique for drawing excavation plans. In the letter dated by October 18, 1929 there was informed about the packing of a cut-out of the hearth of the stove from the investigated dwelling and about V. Ye. Kozlovska’s intention to come to Bila Tserkva in November 1 for ready-made drawings of the excavations.
{"title":"Letters of the Archaeologist V. Ye. Kozlovska to the Regional Researcher S. L. Drozdov (According to the Archive of the National Museum of History of Ukraine)","authors":"O. Popelnytska","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.128","url":null,"abstract":"In the archives of The National Museum of History of Ukraine in the fund No. 4 (K. V. Bolsunovskyi) there are personal documents of the famous local historian and museum figure Stepan Leontiiovych Drozdov, among them — five letters of the famous archaeologist Valeria Yevhenivna Kozlovska. This correspondence is a fragment of V. Ye. Kozlovska’s archive, part of which is now outside Ukraine, or is scattered across the personal archives of Ukrainian scientists who were a part of V. Ye. Kozlovska’s circle of contacts and have not yet been introduced into scientific circulation. Therefore, each new revealed letter of V. Ye. Kozlovska has a significant scientific value as a source for the biography of this outstanding personality and scientist. The earliest of V. Ye. Kozlovska’s letters to S. L. Drozdov is dated by June 14, 1916; there was mentioned the evacuation of the Kyiv Art, Industrial and Scientific Museum collections during the First World War. The next four letters concerned the activities of the expedition of the All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee in 1929 in Bilotserkivshchyna. In addition to V. Ye. Kozlovska — the head of the expedition, it included F. M. Ivanov and J. F. Maslun — employees of the Bilotserkivskyi District Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum, V. A. Mazur — an employee of the T. Shevchenko All-Ukrainian Historical Museum, a draftsman (whose surname is not mentioned in the letters) and a certain Mykola Mykhailovych was also mentioned in the letters — obviously M. M. Tkachenko — an employee of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and the husband of V. Ye. Kozlovska. In a letter dated by May 14, 1929, V. Ye. Kozlovska appealed to S. L. Drozdov with a proposal to conduct joint excavations of the All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee and the Bila Tserkva Museum. In a letter dated by September 22, 1929, V. Ye. Kozlovska informed S. L. Drozdov that she would be able to arrive to Didivshchyna village not earlier than in September 28. The place of writing the letter dated by October 3, 1929 is the corner of Zalissia in Didivshchyna village. The letter mentions the arrival of S. L. Drozdov for excavations, finds of an iron knife and two male burials, packing archaeological finds in boxes. V. Ye. Kozlovska also asked S. L. Drozdov to find in Bila Tserkva a technique for drawing excavation plans. In the letter dated by October 18, 1929 there was informed about the packing of a cut-out of the hearth of the stove from the investigated dwelling and about V. Ye. Kozlovska’s intention to come to Bila Tserkva in November 1 for ready-made drawings of the excavations.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45398302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.039
H. Kozubovskyi
The problem of the usage of silver payment ingots (Kyiv grivnas) after the Mongol invasion is analyzed in the article. Such silver ingots are dated by the ХІІ — first half of the ХІІІ c., until the invasion of 1239—1240 by majority of authors. However, historical and numismatic facts testify to the important role, which the grivnas of the «Kyiv type» played in the second half of the ХІІІ c. The grivnas of the «Kyiv type» are occasionally among the finds of the beginning of the ХІV c. The weight of most ingots was about 160 g (are kept in the well-known standards — 163,7 g). However, a part of them has the weight of 170—216 g. It was connected with a great extent of rise in price of bread and grain in the middle – second part of the XIII c. The analysis of certain part of grivnas of the «Kyiv type» indicate, that the content of silver in them was very different. Absolute majority of grivnas has high percentage of silver — 900—950/1000. However, the certain part of them has high content of copper and other metals (400 °, 600 °, 750 °, 800 °, 870 °) and also there are present copper grivnas of the «Kyiv type». Part of researchers considers copper grivnas as old or modern false ingots. Several copper grivnas show the presence of silver (4,14 %. 9,80 %). For the grivnas of the «Kyiv type» manufacturing there was used well-quality silver as well alloys with concentrations of copper and other metals. These several grivnas of the «Kyiv type» could be made from billon Byzantine and oriental coins of the XIII c. Copper Byzantine coins of the ХІІ—ХІV c. are fixed in the Eastern Europe among the objects found in hoards and occasionally. A wide distribution of the Byzantine copper coins in Rus gives a testimony to the fact that they intensively were used in the local commerce. Discoveries of copper oriental coins of the middle of the XIII c. have been fixed in Kyiv. Reduction of the silver ingots usage was connected with global catastrophe associated with the invasion of the hordes of Batu Khan and Mongol tribute. However, these facts didn’t cause the complete disappearance of grivnas in the middle of the ХІІІ c. The grivnas of the «Kyiv type» appeared to be the main currency and in the second half of the ХІІІ c. (Mongol tribute, ransoms and etc.) on the certain territory of Eastern Europe.
{"title":"About the Upper Border of the Кyiv Grivnas Usage","authors":"H. Kozubovskyi","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.039","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the usage of silver payment ingots (Kyiv grivnas) after the Mongol invasion is analyzed in the article. Such silver ingots are dated by the ХІІ — first half of the ХІІІ c., until the invasion of 1239—1240 by majority of authors. However, historical and numismatic facts testify to the important role, which the grivnas of the «Kyiv type» played in the second half of the ХІІІ c. The grivnas of the «Kyiv type» are occasionally among the finds of the beginning of the ХІV c. The weight of most ingots was about 160 g (are kept in the well-known standards — 163,7 g). However, a part of them has the weight of 170—216 g. It was connected with a great extent of rise in price of bread and grain in the middle – second part of the XIII c. The analysis of certain part of grivnas of the «Kyiv type» indicate, that the content of silver in them was very different. Absolute majority of grivnas has high percentage of silver — 900—950/1000. However, the certain part of them has high content of copper and other metals (400 °, 600 °, 750 °, 800 °, 870 °) and also there are present copper grivnas of the «Kyiv type». Part of researchers considers copper grivnas as old or modern false ingots. Several copper grivnas show the presence of silver (4,14 %. 9,80 %). For the grivnas of the «Kyiv type» manufacturing there was used well-quality silver as well alloys with concentrations of copper and other metals. These several grivnas of the «Kyiv type» could be made from billon Byzantine and oriental coins of the XIII c. Copper Byzantine coins of the ХІІ—ХІV c. are fixed in the Eastern Europe among the objects found in hoards and occasionally. A wide distribution of the Byzantine copper coins in Rus gives a testimony to the fact that they intensively were used in the local commerce. Discoveries of copper oriental coins of the middle of the XIII c. have been fixed in Kyiv. Reduction of the silver ingots usage was connected with global catastrophe associated with the invasion of the hordes of Batu Khan and Mongol tribute. However, these facts didn’t cause the complete disappearance of grivnas in the middle of the ХІІІ c. The grivnas of the «Kyiv type» appeared to be the main currency and in the second half of the ХІІІ c. (Mongol tribute, ransoms and etc.) on the certain territory of Eastern Europe.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49413509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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