Pub Date : 2021-03-16DOI: 10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.038
A. Ivchenko
At the excavation site in Olbia in 2010—2019 a new sector was investigated in wide areas, which was called the «Orient» after the name of the nearest benchmark. The specific features of this site were established, which was used for burials from the middle of the VI c. BC before the beginning of the III c. AD. In this regard, the generalization of the results obtained has become relevant, as well as the introduction of finds from the Roman period into the scientific circulation. In total, 1064 m2 were uncovered during the research. The average depth was 1,0—1,1 m from the modern surface. The stratigraphy of the excavation is simple: a layer of turf and humus up to 0,2 m thick lies on top, below there is a layer of light (dark yellow) sandy loam with various impurities, and under it is a layer of red-colored pre-continental loam with separate inclusions of «white-eye». In this area, 70 burials of various types of different time periods were discovered, as well as 62 other objects associated with the funeral and memorial tradition. 24 burials and ten other objects are dated by the Roman period. Eight types of burial structures have been identified. Based on this, the following conclusions were identified. In the Roman period, rare types of burial structures appeared in the area under study, in number greater than in the rest of the necropolis. There is a lack of uniformity in the layout and direction of burials. The memorial sites are characterized by the complete absence of gravestones known at Olbian necropolis of the Roman period.
{"title":"New Materials From Excavation «Orient» at Olbian Necropolis","authors":"A. Ivchenko","doi":"10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.038","url":null,"abstract":"At the excavation site in Olbia in 2010—2019 a new sector was investigated in wide areas, which was called the «Orient» after the name of the nearest benchmark. The specific features of this site were established, which was used for burials from the middle of the VI c. BC before the beginning of the III c. AD. In this regard, the generalization of the results obtained has become relevant, as well as the introduction of finds from the Roman period into the scientific circulation. In total, 1064 m2 were uncovered during the research. The average depth was 1,0—1,1 m from the modern surface. The stratigraphy of the excavation is simple: a layer of turf and humus up to 0,2 m thick lies on top, below there is a layer of light (dark yellow) sandy loam with various impurities, and under it is a layer of red-colored pre-continental loam with separate inclusions of «white-eye». In this area, 70 burials of various types of different time periods were discovered, as well as 62 other objects associated with the funeral and memorial tradition. 24 burials and ten other objects are dated by the Roman period. Eight types of burial structures have been identified. Based on this, the following conclusions were identified. In the Roman period, rare types of burial structures appeared in the area under study, in number greater than in the rest of the necropolis. There is a lack of uniformity in the layout and direction of burials. The memorial sites are characterized by the complete absence of gravestones known at Olbian necropolis of the Roman period.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46009050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-16DOI: 10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.086
A. Hutsal, Vitaliy Hutsal, O. Mogylov
In the early Scythian time, the Western Podillia group of monuments was distinguished on the territory of the Middle Dniester. A large cluster of complexes stands out in the middle course of the Zbruch River, the left tributary of the Dniester. Barrow groups, in particular, were excavated near Spasivka and Ivankivtsi villages, Horodok district, Khmelnytskyi Region. Barrow No. 5, explored in 2010, was completely plowed up and was distinguished on the surface only by the stone outcropping of which its barrow mound was made. The dimensions of this oval mound are 3,67 × 3,50 m. The largest slabs were located along the perimeter, forming an outer ring. From the south-east it was adjoined with a small display of cobblestones measuring 1,77 × 0,84 m, which was the place of a destroyed side burial. The burial pit, discovered under a layer of stone, was 2,7 m long, 2,37 m wide, 0,6 m deep. In ancient times, it probably had a wooden overlapping. The burial turned out to be robbed, but many things survived. The remains of a burial-cremation carried out on the side were found here. The burnt bones laid in a heap of 0,25 m in diameter. The burial was accompanied by glass beads, bronze earrings, and a handmade ladle. In addition, parts of a pot, a bowl, ladles, and a small cup were found in the layer of barrow stones. The burial rite of the barrow, in particular the presence of a stone barrow mound, a large central and additional side tombs, a type of grave have analogies in the burial monuments of the Western Podillia group. In these antiquities, the rite of burning the dead is also known, which exists along with the custom of inhumations. According to the inventory, the mound can be attributed to the Early Scythian time, and is dated by the Kelermes stage (mid-VII — first half of the VI c. BC). Judging by the cremation rite, a local aboriginal forest-steppe inhabitant was buried here. The modest sizes of the mound make it possible to see in him a simple community member of one of the surrounding settlements.
{"title":"Early Scythian Barrow With Cremation on the Western Podillia","authors":"A. Hutsal, Vitaliy Hutsal, O. Mogylov","doi":"10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.086","url":null,"abstract":"In the early Scythian time, the Western Podillia group of monuments was distinguished on the territory of the Middle Dniester. A large cluster of complexes stands out in the middle course of the Zbruch River, the left tributary of the Dniester. Barrow groups, in particular, were excavated near Spasivka and Ivankivtsi villages, Horodok district, Khmelnytskyi Region. Barrow No. 5, explored in 2010, was completely plowed up and was distinguished on the surface only by the stone outcropping of which its barrow mound was made. The dimensions of this oval mound are 3,67 × 3,50 m. The largest slabs were located along the perimeter, forming an outer ring. From the south-east it was adjoined with a small display of cobblestones measuring 1,77 × 0,84 m, which was the place of a destroyed side burial. The burial pit, discovered under a layer of stone, was 2,7 m long, 2,37 m wide, 0,6 m deep. In ancient times, it probably had a wooden overlapping. The burial turned out to be robbed, but many things survived. The remains of a burial-cremation carried out on the side were found here. The burnt bones laid in a heap of 0,25 m in diameter. The burial was accompanied by glass beads, bronze earrings, and a handmade ladle. In addition, parts of a pot, a bowl, ladles, and a small cup were found in the layer of barrow stones. The burial rite of the barrow, in particular the presence of a stone barrow mound, a large central and additional side tombs, a type of grave have analogies in the burial monuments of the Western Podillia group. In these antiquities, the rite of burning the dead is also known, which exists along with the custom of inhumations. According to the inventory, the mound can be attributed to the Early Scythian time, and is dated by the Kelermes stage (mid-VII — first half of the VI c. BC). Judging by the cremation rite, a local aboriginal forest-steppe inhabitant was buried here. The modest sizes of the mound make it possible to see in him a simple community member of one of the surrounding settlements.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44185557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-16DOI: 10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.029
H. Vertiienko
An overview and contextual-semantic analysis of the cases of usage the lexeme ‘gold’ (zaraniia-) and ‘silver’ (ərəzata-) in corpus of Avestan sources (Yasna, Yashts, Videvdat, Aogəmadaēca, etc.) are provided in the article. ‘Gold’ is used in the Avesta 101 times. ‘Silver’ — only 12 uses, while this metal is always contextually linked with gold. Silver has a semantic connection with the aquatic sphere. Gold is the material from which, according to the texts, the garments of several deities are made (Vayu, Aredvi Sura (partially)). Gold attributes or decorated with this metal tools have a number of gods and heroes (Yima, Mithra, Verethragna, Tishtria, Sraosha) are made completely or partially from it. In the myth of Yima, the divine instruments, the golden suβrā and gilded aštrā, are endowed with reproductive features and help to create the first kingdom (Videvdat 2.6—38). This ideal mythical world turns into the Afterworld. A set of semantic attributes show that gold is directly related to the Otherworld, where the souls of the righteous deceased receive gold places, golden or silver clothes (Videvdat 19.31—32; Aog. 12, 17). The fact that silver and other «colors» are added to gold may indicate the expansion of the spectrum of precious metals and their penetration into the sphere of funeral beliefs. In the treatise of Aogəmadaēca (84), silver-gold (a metaphor of wealth), along with cattle, horses and bravery, is included in the system of concepts related to the Thanatological worldview of the pre-Zoroastrian representations of ancient Iranian tribes.
{"title":"Precious Metals in the Worldview System of Ancient Iranian-Speaking Peoples on the Texts of Avesta","authors":"H. Vertiienko","doi":"10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.029","url":null,"abstract":"An overview and contextual-semantic analysis of the cases of usage the lexeme ‘gold’ (zaraniia-) and ‘silver’ (ərəzata-) in corpus of Avestan sources (Yasna, Yashts, Videvdat, Aogəmadaēca, etc.) are provided in the article. ‘Gold’ is used in the Avesta 101 times. ‘Silver’ — only 12 uses, while this metal is always contextually linked with gold. Silver has a semantic connection with the aquatic sphere. Gold is the material from which, according to the texts, the garments of several deities are made (Vayu, Aredvi Sura (partially)). Gold attributes or decorated with this metal tools have a number of gods and heroes (Yima, Mithra, Verethragna, Tishtria, Sraosha) are made completely or partially from it. In the myth of Yima, the divine instruments, the golden suβrā and gilded aštrā, are endowed with reproductive features and help to create the first kingdom (Videvdat 2.6—38). This ideal mythical world turns into the Afterworld. A set of semantic attributes show that gold is directly related to the Otherworld, where the souls of the righteous deceased receive gold places, golden or silver clothes (Videvdat 19.31—32; Aog. 12, 17). The fact that silver and other «colors» are added to gold may indicate the expansion of the spectrum of precious metals and their penetration into the sphere of funeral beliefs. In the treatise of Aogəmadaēca (84), silver-gold (a metaphor of wealth), along with cattle, horses and bravery, is included in the system of concepts related to the Thanatological worldview of the pre-Zoroastrian representations of ancient Iranian tribes.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47615862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-16DOI: 10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.017
S. Ivanova
Analysis of early dates and stratigraphy of burial mound complexes (the second half of the V millennium BC) led to the conclusion, that they are not directly related to the burial embankment, but relate to complex monumental structures — sanctuaries. The sanctuaries preceded the burial mounds in chronological aspect, and they functioned for a long time without creating an embankment above them. The part of sanctuaries had astronomical reference points and were connected to calendar-zodiac symbolism. Sometimes burials were carried out on the territory of sanctuaries; these burials had sacral nature. These were flat burials and the mound above them were not erected. Burial mounds above the sanctuaries began to appear after burials of later epochs were carried out in sacral places (not earlier than 38/37 BC.). These mounds erroneously are associated with flat burials or ground sanctuaries. The dating of burial mounds by the dating of sacral flat burials (or by the dating of «pillar sanctuaries») mistakenly depreciated the dating of appearance of the first mounds in the Steppe Black Sea region and Transcaucasia. The separation of these complexes in time and space (the flat ground sanctuary and the burial mound itself) allowed drawing conclusions about the existence of this sanctuaries in 45—40 BC. The burial mounds appear later, their installation in the place of sanctuaries is connected with the sacral nature of the place. Throughout Europe, barrows appear almost simultaneously, in 38/37 BC, although in different cultures. It is possible to assume the Central European and Lower Danube influence on the formation of ideological ideas of the Steppe population. In particular, the phenomenon of sanctuaries of the Middle Eneolithic may have originated under Central European influence. It obviously had structural similarities with other complexes built in accordance with the movement of the celestial luminaries in the late Neolithic of Central and Atlantic Europe. The appearance of sanctuaries can be attributed to the circle of archaeological evidence of the interaction between the world of early farmers of Southeast and Central Europe and the "steppe" world of the pastoralists. The barrows of the Black Sea and Caucasian steppe are synchronous with European burial mounds, and their ancientization and equation with the dating of sanctuaries is erroneous.
{"title":"Ancient Burial Mounds as a Symbolic System","authors":"S. Ivanova","doi":"10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ARCHAEOLOGYUA2021.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of early dates and stratigraphy of burial mound complexes (the second half of the V millennium BC) led to the conclusion, that they are not directly related to the burial embankment, but relate to complex monumental structures — sanctuaries. The sanctuaries preceded the burial mounds in chronological aspect, and they functioned for a long time without creating an embankment above them. The part of sanctuaries had astronomical reference points and were connected to calendar-zodiac symbolism. Sometimes burials were carried out on the territory of sanctuaries; these burials had sacral nature. These were flat burials and the mound above them were not erected. Burial mounds above the sanctuaries began to appear after burials of later epochs were carried out in sacral places (not earlier than 38/37 BC.). These mounds erroneously are associated with flat burials or ground sanctuaries. The dating of burial mounds by the dating of sacral flat burials (or by the dating of «pillar sanctuaries») mistakenly depreciated the dating of appearance of the first mounds in the Steppe Black Sea region and Transcaucasia. The separation of these complexes in time and space (the flat ground sanctuary and the burial mound itself) allowed drawing conclusions about the existence of this sanctuaries in 45—40 BC. The burial mounds appear later, their installation in the place of sanctuaries is connected with the sacral nature of the place. Throughout Europe, barrows appear almost simultaneously, in 38/37 BC, although in different cultures. It is possible to assume the Central European and Lower Danube influence on the formation of ideological ideas of the Steppe population. In particular, the phenomenon of sanctuaries of the Middle Eneolithic may have originated under Central European influence. It obviously had structural similarities with other complexes built in accordance with the movement of the celestial luminaries in the late Neolithic of Central and Atlantic Europe. The appearance of sanctuaries can be attributed to the circle of archaeological evidence of the interaction between the world of early farmers of Southeast and Central Europe and the \"steppe\" world of the pastoralists. The barrows of the Black Sea and Caucasian steppe are synchronous with European burial mounds, and their ancientization and equation with the dating of sanctuaries is erroneous.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49476355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-17DOI: 10.4324/9781003110521-10
M. Sutton
{"title":"Bioarchaeology: Human Remains","authors":"M. Sutton","doi":"10.4324/9781003110521-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003110521-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41749168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bogor city is geographically located between mount Gede and mount Salak. High rainfall, the marginal land traversed by the Ci Sadane river and the Ci Liwung river have long been the locations of human activity. Starting from the classical Hindu period (Kerajaan Pakuan Padjadjaran), the colonial period (Dutch and English), and Japan became the destinations of the kingdom’s officials as a Government. The cool air with natural panorama that became the inspiration for the birth of a large garden, called Netherlands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg (Bogor Botanical Garden) with various facilities in the period 18-19 AD century visiting people at home and abroad. How the history of botanical garden and its facilities in the past and presents the questions discussed in this paper. To meet the needs of the data needed to use the method of library study and observation of physical data in field about the building both the environment. The results of the analysis from the two sources show that Bogor Botanical Gardens is still working as a research site for plants and a resting place for state officials for a long time. In addition, the botanical garden is now also used as a city lung and recreation area.
{"title":"Kebun Raya Bogor Dan Fasilitasnya, Sejarah Dan Fungsi Di Masa Lalu Dan Kini","authors":"Deni Sutrisna","doi":"10.24164/pnk.v3i2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24164/pnk.v3i2.37","url":null,"abstract":"Bogor city is geographically located between mount Gede and mount Salak. High rainfall, the marginal land traversed by the Ci Sadane river and the Ci Liwung river have long been the locations of human activity. Starting from the classical Hindu period (Kerajaan Pakuan Padjadjaran), the colonial period (Dutch and English), and Japan became the destinations of the kingdom’s officials as a Government. The cool air with natural panorama that became the inspiration for the birth of a large garden, called Netherlands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg (Bogor Botanical Garden) with various facilities in the period 18-19 AD century visiting people at home and abroad. How the history of botanical garden and its facilities in the past and presents the questions discussed in this paper. To meet the needs of the data needed to use the method of library study and observation of physical data in field about the building both the environment. The results of the analysis from the two sources show that Bogor Botanical Gardens is still working as a research site for plants and a resting place for state officials for a long time. In addition, the botanical garden is now also used as a city lung and recreation area.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45325012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archaeological evidence of the existence of the sultans of Samudera Pasai Kingdom is marked by the remains of gravestones that mention their name, title and year of death. From these data we can arrange the order of the sultan’s name, title, name of his parents and the year of his death. And, not only that, this archaeological evidence can also map the morphology (form) of tomb and the type of material. As for the study of the morphology of the gravestones of the sultans of Samudera Pasai Kingdom, until now no one has done it. Therefore, this paper becomes a kind of introduction for those interested in the study of the ancient tombstone of Samudera Pasai Kingdom. The method of writing this work uses a historiographic approach in examining the time sequence of the gravestones. This paper then succeeded in recording the morphology of the gravestones and the types of materials according to the tombstone sequences of the sultans of Samudera Pasai Kingdom, starting from the first sultan to the last sultan.
{"title":"Analisis Morfologi Nisan Sultan-Sultan Kerajaan Samudera Pasai","authors":"Ambo Asse Ajis","doi":"10.24164/pnk.v3i2.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24164/pnk.v3i2.38","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological evidence of the existence of the sultans of Samudera Pasai Kingdom is marked by the remains of gravestones that mention their name, title and year of death. From these data we can arrange the order of the sultan’s name, title, name of his parents and the year of his death. And, not only that, this archaeological evidence can also map the morphology (form) of tomb and the type of material. As for the study of the morphology of the gravestones of the sultans of Samudera Pasai Kingdom, until now no one has done it. Therefore, this paper becomes a kind of introduction for those interested in the study of the ancient tombstone of Samudera Pasai Kingdom. The method of writing this work uses a historiographic approach in examining the time sequence of the gravestones. This paper then succeeded in recording the morphology of the gravestones and the types of materials according to the tombstone sequences of the sultans of Samudera Pasai Kingdom, starting from the first sultan to the last sultan.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The materials of the mounds located on the Lower Dnieper Right Bank, investigated by the Krasnoznamiansk expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 1995, are introduced into scientific circulation. In total, 27 burials were examined, mainly of the Early Bronze Age, which were located in three burial mounds that fell into the reclamation zone between the villages of Kachkarovka and Sablukovka of the Beryslavskyi district of the Kherson Region The total number of mounds reaches 16 units. The Bronze Age of this region has been extremely insufficiently studied. Therefore, the published burials substantially supplement the understanding of it. As in other places, the first Yamna culture burials in the mounds are oriented along the west-eastern line, the later burials are oriented in a circle. The shape of the graves, the position of the buried people is typical for this region. These are rectangular pits with marked corners, shoulders or ledges. At a later stage — on the right or left side. Children’s Yamna culture graves with a large amount of inventory draw attention. For the Early Bronze Age, this is evidence of the presence of a powerful social center of the Yamna population. At the same time, the burials of adults are not distinguished by either size or inventory. In addition to ceramics, among the items were found two rather rare items — Pan’s flutes — bone musical instruments made of the middle parts of bird bones. Also important is the discovery of a Yamna culture pot in an Ingul grave, which is another evidence of the long-term coexistence of these two groups of population.
{"title":"Burial Mounds Near Kachkarovka Village","authors":"Henadii Yevdokimov, Natalia Danylko, Serhii Pustovalov","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.049","url":null,"abstract":"The materials of the mounds located on the Lower Dnieper Right Bank, investigated by the Krasnoznamiansk expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 1995, are introduced into scientific circulation. In total, 27 burials were examined, mainly of the Early Bronze Age, which were located in three burial mounds that fell into the reclamation zone between the villages of Kachkarovka and Sablukovka of the Beryslavskyi district of the Kherson Region The total number of mounds reaches 16 units. The Bronze Age of this region has been extremely insufficiently studied. Therefore, the published burials substantially supplement the understanding of it. As in other places, the first Yamna culture burials in the mounds are oriented along the west-eastern line, the later burials are oriented in a circle. The shape of the graves, the position of the buried people is typical for this region. These are rectangular pits with marked corners, shoulders or ledges. At a later stage — on the right or left side. Children’s Yamna culture graves with a large amount of inventory draw attention. For the Early Bronze Age, this is evidence of the presence of a powerful social center of the Yamna population. At the same time, the burials of adults are not distinguished by either size or inventory. In addition to ceramics, among the items were found two rather rare items — Pan’s flutes — bone musical instruments made of the middle parts of bird bones. Also important is the discovery of a Yamna culture pot in an Ingul grave, which is another evidence of the long-term coexistence of these two groups of population.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44856056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.15407/archaeologyua2020.04.073
E. Kravchenko
The article deals with ceramic handmade vessel from a burial mound near Zolne village (mound No. 1, burial No. 10) in the central foothills of the Crimea. Partially reconstructed fragments were found in the Scientific Funds of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. After the graphic reconstruction, it became clear that the vessel differs from the drawing given by A. A. Shchepynskyi, who was the author of the excavations. Both the vessel and the conditions of its discovery are analyzed; analogies in other complexes of the Crimea are given. Based on the typological analysis, the vessel is referred to one of the leading types of ceramics of the Kyzyl-Koba culture of the V-UB horizon, selected on Uch-Bash materials, dated from the beginning of the Taurian period. In addition, there are synchronous burial complexes, identical to the burial in Zolne mound. In addition to ceramics, chronological cluster of the warrior burial in Zolne mound is characterized by the bronze arrowheads of the Novocherkassk-type, known also at Uch-Bash in the layer of destruction of the previous IV-UB horizon. It should also be noted that in the inventory of the burial No. 10 of Zolne mound there is a whetstone with a hole for hanging, made from sandstone. It corresponds typologically to the whetstones from the horizon V-UB of Uch-Bash. The chronology of all finds of vases of this type generally fits into the second half of the VIII — early VII c. BC. Analysis of their context raises many questions not only archaeological, but also historical, namely, in connection with which events, firstly, the soldier was buried in Zolne mound, and secondly, why in his burial as an inventory item there was placed a vessel used by population of the Eastern and Central foothills of the Crimea. The sequence of events can now be reproduced as follows. At the time of the demise of the fortified settlement of Uch-Bash in the South-Western Crimea in the foothills of the Crimea a new cultural complex may have been already formed, which we characterize as the V-UB horizon. Its formation and functioning are connected with the arrival of a new nomadic horde, which is associated with Novocherkassk monuments, having earlier analogies on the eastern monuments of the Northern Black Sea coast, where they probably came from. The asynchrony of the emergence of a new complex of material culture in the Crimean foothills and Uch-Bash, where it appears some time after the layer of fire and destruction, shows that Uch-Bash both in the late Pre-Tauric and in the early Pre-Tauric periods, all was more focused on sea connections and waterways than on land, in contrast to the central group of sites of the Kyzyl-Koba culture in the basin of the Salgir River.
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