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Religion in a world-view neutral school. Challenges on the example of Poland 世界观中立派中的宗教。以波兰为例的挑战
IF 0.8 2区 哲学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.1080/01416200.2022.2049208
Bogusław Milerski, Tadeusz J. Zieliński
ABSTRACT Under Communism, the Catholic Church in Poland played the role of guarantor of preserving the national traditions and defender of freedom. Such was one of reasons for removing religion from the state school curriculum by the government of Poland in 1961. The political transformation of 1989 changed the concept of the Polish state. Religion as a subject of school education was restored to state (public) schools in 1990 immediately after the political watershed. It was given a confessional and optional character. Although Poland is a pluralistic country (over 180 denominations) the dominant cultural and political role is played by the Roman Catholic Church. In this article we address the problems that appear in the context of religious instruction taught in world-view neutral public schools of Poland. We are not so much interested in detailed issues related to the teaching of religion sensu stricto, but in the presence of religion as such in state schools. We consider the pedagogical problem formulated in this way in the context of the legal principle of the world-view neutrality of the state in a democratic, pluralistic and at the same time hyper-religious society.
摘要在共产主义统治下,波兰天主教会扮演着维护民族传统和捍卫自由的角色。这也是1961年波兰政府将宗教从公立学校课程中删除的原因之一。1989年的政治变革改变了波兰国家的概念。1990年,在政治分水岭之后,宗教作为学校教育的一个主题立即恢复到公立学校。它被赋予了忏悔和可选的角色。尽管波兰是一个多元化的国家(有180多个教派),但罗马天主教会在文化和政治上发挥着主导作用。在这篇文章中,我们讨论了在世界观中立的波兰公立学校的宗教教学中出现的问题。我们对与严格意义上的宗教教学有关的详细问题不太感兴趣,而是对公立学校中存在的宗教感兴趣。我们认为,在民主、多元、同时又是超宗教社会的国家中立的世界观法律原则的背景下,以这种方式提出的教学问题。
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引用次数: 5
Impact of action research in Norwegian religious education 行动研究对挪威宗教教育的影响
IF 0.8 2区 哲学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.1080/01416200.2022.2049207
Dag Husebø, Ø. Johannessen, G. Skeie
ABSTRACT For more than a decade, the authors have engaged in several collaborative action research projects in established communities of practice, generating new knowledge and promoting practice development in religious education (RE) in schools and higher education. Based on this, this article asks what characterised the collaborative processes, and how the projects impacted on new RE-knowledge and practices. For some participants, the dynamics of the community of practices changed the way they came to see their own RE-teaching practice and role as RE-teachers, the relationship between RE-research and their own practice and their personal theory of practice in religious education and beyond. The degree of such changes and how they can be described, is often difficult to trace over time. A critical question raised, is whether such projects could benefit from being more explicit and detailed about their aims from the start, in collaboration with the networks that initiated the projects. This would make it more realistic to document and discuss their outputs, outcomes, and impacts, and have implications for future action research.
十多年来,作者在已建立的实践社区中参与了几个合作行动研究项目,在学校和高等教育中产生了新的知识并促进了宗教教育(RE)的实践发展。基于此,本文询问协作过程的特征,以及项目如何影响新的RE-knowledge和实践。对于一些参与者来说,实践社区的动态改变了他们看待自己的re教学实践和re教师角色的方式,以及re研究与他们自己的实践之间的关系,以及他们在宗教教育和其他领域的个人实践理论。随着时间的推移,这种变化的程度以及如何描述它们往往很难追踪。提出的一个关键问题是,与发起项目的网络合作,从一开始就更加明确和详细地说明其目标,这些项目是否会受益。这将使记录和讨论它们的产出、成果和影响更加现实,并对未来的行动研究产生影响。
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引用次数: 1
Precarious provision and mixed messages: religious education, school inspection, and the law in Scottish non-denominational secondary schools 不稳定的供给和混杂的信息:宗教教育、学校检查和苏格兰无教派中学的法律
IF 0.8 2区 哲学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1080/01416200.2022.2036101
S. Scholes
ABSTRACT The focus of this article is on the legal requirement for schools in Scotland to ensure Religious and Moral Education (RME) is taught to all children in non-denominational secondary schools. In particular, the article pays attention to the mediating role of inspection in the relationship between the legal requirement and provision in schools. The paper is based on the findings from a documentary research project that uses the inspection documentation from fifty-four schools dating from August 2016 to August 2020. The article makes three main contributions. First, it offers fresh evidence on the degree of compliance with legal requirements. Second, it highlights the inspectorates’ role in drawing schools’ attention to the legal requirements surrounding RME. Finally, it is argued that the inspectorate’s mediatory role in relation to the legal requirements is a significant factor in understanding the continuing precariousness of the position of RME in Scottish non-denominational secondary schools.
本文的重点是苏格兰学校的法律要求,以确保宗教和道德教育(RME)教授给所有孩子在非宗派中学。本文特别关注了检查在学校法律要求与规定关系中的中介作用。这篇论文是基于一项文献研究项目的结果,该项目使用了2016年8月至2020年8月期间对54所学校的检查文件。这篇文章有三个主要贡献。首先,它为遵守法律要求的程度提供了新的证据。其次,它强调了检查员在提请学校注意围绕RME的法律要求方面的作用。最后,有人认为,监察员在法律要求方面的调解作用是理解苏格兰非宗教中学RME地位持续不稳定的一个重要因素。
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引用次数: 1
Religious education at public schools of Kyrgyzstan 吉尔吉斯斯坦公立学校的宗教教育
IF 0.8 2区 哲学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1080/01416200.2022.2046547
Zhazgul Zholalieva, Mustafa Koylu
ABSTRACT The declaration of independency in 1991 became a turning point in the socio-economic, political and cultural fields of Kyrgyzstan. There have been important developments especially in the religious sphere. Since the first days of independency, issues related to freedom of religion and conscience have been heavily debated among Kyrgyz administrators. The general attitude of statesmen towards religion emerged as emphasising that the pressure applied towards religion in the Soviet period was wrong and paying attention to the social role of religion. New concepts such as secularism, freedom of religion and conscience have begun to be used actively in the country, on the other hand, the legitimacy of religious education in formal education institutions have begun to be discussed frequently by academics and politicians. Today, we can see some developments in formal religious education in Kyrgyzstan. Especially, there have been several attempts of teaching religion courses at public schools in Kyrgyzstan. In this report, religioous education at public schools in Kyrgyzstan will be evaluated in terms of the context, the legal and constitutional requirements for religious education in schools and the curriculum of the religion courses.
1991年宣布独立成为吉尔吉斯斯坦社会经济、政治和文化领域的转折点。出现了重要的事态发展,特别是在宗教领域。自独立的最初几天以来,与宗教和良心自由有关的问题一直在吉尔吉斯斯坦行政人员中激烈辩论。政治家对宗教的普遍态度表现为强调苏联时期对宗教施加的压力是错误的,并关注宗教的社会作用。世俗主义、宗教自由和良心等新概念已开始在该国积极使用,另一方面,学术界和政界人士开始频繁讨论正规教育机构宗教教育的合法性。今天,我们可以看到吉尔吉斯斯坦的正规宗教教育有了一些发展。特别是,吉尔吉斯斯坦曾多次尝试在公立学校教授宗教课程。在本报告中,将从背景、学校宗教教育的法律和宪法要求以及宗教课程的课程等方面对吉尔吉斯斯坦公立学校的宗教教育进行评估。
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引用次数: 1
A secular Advent. waiting for Christmas in Swedish preschools 世俗的降临节。在瑞典幼儿园等待圣诞节
IF 0.8 2区 哲学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1080/01416200.2022.2035678
Tünde Puskás, Anita Andersson
ABSTRACT Swedish preschool education is, by law, non-confessional. Yet, it is also an educational context within which most children aged 1–5 encounter traditions that carry Christian connotations. This paper explores how two Swedish preschools maintain a balance between keeping education non-confessional and paying attention to the traditions that are associated with the preparation for and celebration of Christmas – Advent. The data consist of ten videotaped observations from two preschools. The data was thematised with the help of Ninian Smart’s dimensions of religious and secular worldviews. This way, we could show that the different traditions the two preschools were engaged in during the four weeks before Christmas contributed to a banal reproduction of a holiday season with roots in Lutheran Christianity. At the same time, the preschools contributed to a (re)production of traditions that evoke a national imaginery. Our results show that Advent in Swedish preschools is characterised as a non-confessional task for the institution. Thus, the principle of non-confessionality lives side by side with a banal national religion. Thereby, the Swedish preschool plays an integral part in the banal reproduction of a Swedishness that includes Lutheran Christianity.
瑞典学前教育在法律上是非忏悔式的。然而,这也是一个教育背景,在这个背景下,大多数1-5岁的孩子都会遇到带有基督教含义的传统。本文探讨了两所瑞典幼儿园如何在保持非忏悔教育和关注与圣诞节前夕的准备和庆祝相关的传统之间保持平衡。这些数据包括来自两所幼儿园的十段录像观察。这些数据是在尼尼安·斯马特的宗教和世俗世界观维度的帮助下进行主题化的。通过这种方式,我们可以表明,这两所幼儿园在圣诞节前四周所从事的不同传统,促成了一个植根于路德会基督教的节日季节的平庸再现。与此同时,学龄前儿童对唤起民族想象的传统的(重新)生产做出了贡献。我们的研究结果表明,瑞典幼儿园的降临节是该机构的一项非忏悔任务。因此,非忏悔原则与平庸的民族宗教共存。因此,瑞典学前教育在包括路德会基督教在内的瑞典式的平庸再现中发挥着不可或缺的作用。
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引用次数: 5
Leading learning for a recontextualising approach in religious education 引导学习,在宗教教育中采用重新文本化的方法
IF 0.8 2区 哲学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-02-27 DOI: 10.1080/01416200.2022.2035677
Rina Madden, G. Bernasconi, Geraldine Larkins, Bernadette Tolan, Paul Fumei, Anne Taylor
ABSTRACT A recontextualising approach in religious education has been adopted in the newly revised religious education curricula of the four dioceses in Victoria: the dioceses of Melbourne, Ballarat, Sandhurst and Sale. This approach requires a radical change to the teacher’s role from knowledge transmission to one which supports students to grapple with their own identity formation in dialogue with the Catholic tradition. This article describes a collaborative research project undertaken by Catholic Education Office leaders of the four Victorian dioceses seeking to understand learning conditions and processes for leading teacher professional learning around a recontextualising approach. This study illuminates the description of recontextualisation in five criteria as proposed by Leuven Professor Pollefeyt (2017) by situating them in the practical context of teacher professional learning in Catholic schools. Using an Action Research methodology, the project engaged system leaders and teachers in Catholic schools in cycles of collegial dialogue and reflection on practice and theory to develop and refine understandings and classroom practices of recontextualisation. The findings challenge a system to consider how it intentionally positions itself in relation to the schools it serves.
摘要:在维多利亚的四个教区:墨尔本、巴拉瑞特、桑德赫斯特和塞尔的教区,新修订的宗教教育课程中采用了宗教教育的重新语境化方法。这种方法要求教师的角色发生根本性的变化,从知识传播到支持学生在与天主教传统的对话中努力形成自己的身份。这篇文章描述了一个由四个维多利亚教区的天主教教育办公室领导进行的合作研究项目,旨在了解围绕重新情境化方法领导教师专业学习的学习条件和过程。本研究阐明了鲁汶大学Pollefeyt教授(2017)提出的五个标准中对再语境化的描述,将它们置于天主教学校教师专业学习的实际背景中。该项目采用行动研究方法,让天主教学校的系统领导和教师参与学院对话和实践与理论反思的循环,以发展和完善对重新语境化的理解和课堂实践。调查结果挑战了一个系统,考虑它如何有意地定位自己与所服务的学校的关系。
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引用次数: 0
European Court of Human Rights’ judgements and compulsory religious education in Turkey 欧洲人权法院的判决与土耳其的宗教义务教育
IF 0.8 2区 哲学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-02-27 DOI: 10.1080/01416200.2022.2045901
Recep Kaymakcan, Abdurrahman Hendek
ABSTRACT Turkey is the only country that has twice lost cases concerning the violation of parents’ freedom to ensure their children an education in conformity with their own religious and philosophical convictions at the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). This article firstly seeks to present these court cases. It then moves to the official responses to these cases, especially the curriculum and textbook reforms. The article then discusses some possible ways of reforming compulsory religious education course in Turkey, taking into account the ECtHR judgements and the Turkish laws, as well as the arguments of the government and the applicants in the ECtHR cases, as we believe, a balance needs to be found to achieve a workable solution
摘要土耳其是唯一一个在欧洲人权法院(ECtHR)两次败诉的国家,该国侵犯了父母确保子女接受符合其宗教和哲学信仰的教育的自由。本文首先试图介绍这些法庭案例。然后,它转向官方对这些案件的回应,尤其是课程和教科书改革。然后,考虑到欧洲人权法院的判决和土耳其法律,以及政府和申请人在欧洲人权法院案件中的论点,文章讨论了改革土耳其义务宗教教育课程的一些可能方法。我们认为,需要找到一种平衡,以实现可行的解决方案
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引用次数: 2
Teacher and student evaluations of a trial RE curriculum: implications for scale 教师和学生对实验性RE课程的评价:量表的影响
IF 0.8 2区 哲学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-02-20 DOI: 10.1080/01416200.2022.2042191
W. Sultmann, J. Lamb, D. Hall, G. Borg
ABSTRACT Teachers (n = 125) and students (n = 1478) evaluated a trial RE curriculum in Australia using an online survey. Results showed that teachers rated the curriculum significantly more highly than students. Type and size of school influenced teacher and student perceptions. Four conclusions were drawn: The trial RE curriculum was positively received by teachers and students and thereby warrants consideration for wider application at scale; Religious Education Development Principles as a basis for curriculum development were validated by students and teachers; student perceptions were lower than teachers’ perceptions suggesting potential for curriculum improvement; and resource allocation at scale should ideally be preferred for large secondary schools.
摘要:教师(n=125)和学生(n=1478)通过在线调查对澳大利亚的RE课程进行了评估。结果显示,教师对课程的评价明显高于学生。学校的类型和规模影响了教师和学生的看法。得出四个结论:实验性RE课程受到教师和学生的积极欢迎,因此值得考虑在规模上更广泛地应用;作为课程开发基础的宗教教育发展原则得到了学生和教师的验证;学生的认知低于教师的认知,这表明课程改进的潜力;大规模的资源分配在理想情况下应该优先于大型中学。
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引用次数: 0
Collaborative, child-led philosophical inquiry in Religious and Moral Education 合作,儿童主导的宗教和道德教育的哲学探究
IF 0.8 2区 哲学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-02-20 DOI: 10.1080/01416200.2021.2009440
E. Cameron, C. Cassidy
ABSTRACT Situated in the context of the Scottish Religious and Moral Education (RME) curriculum, this article considers the practice of Community of Philosophical Inquiry (CoPI) and how it supports the RME curriculum. Sharing extracts from children’s CoPI sessions, the article reflects on the ways in which ten and eleven year-old children discuss religious and theological ideas philosophically. The child-led, collaborative approach demonstrates that the children work together to create meaning. It is proposed that the RME curriculum, or the enactment of the curriculum, often misses opportunities for children to engage with philosophical ideas about religious and theological concepts, and that an explicitly dialogic, philosophical approach affords important opportunities to support children’s self-understanding in-relation with the world and others.
本文以苏格兰宗教与道德教育(RME)课程为背景,探讨哲学探究共同体(CoPI)的实践及其对RME课程的支持。这篇文章分享了儿童CoPI会议的摘录,反映了10岁和11岁的儿童哲学地讨论宗教和神学思想的方式。以孩子为主导的合作方式表明,孩子们共同努力创造意义。有人提出,RME课程或课程的制定往往错过了儿童参与宗教和神学概念的哲学思想的机会,而明确的对话,哲学方法为支持儿童与世界和他人的自我理解提供了重要的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Decolonising religious education through the prism of affect theory: analytical perspectives for approaching Islamophobia in curriculum and pedagogy 通过情感理论的棱镜去殖民化宗教教育:在课程和教学中处理伊斯兰恐惧症的分析视角
IF 0.8 2区 哲学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-02-20 DOI: 10.1080/01416200.2022.2042672
Michalinos Zembylas
ABSTRACT This paper outlines a set of analytical perspectives grounded in affect theory for decolonising religious education. In particular, these perspectives are: recognising the role of religious feelings; examining the extent to which decolonial affective spaces can be created in the classroom; and, understanding how contemporary public discourses about multiculturalism and religious difference are affectively experienced by students and educators in their everyday lives. It is argued that these perspectives contribute to push further the uncovering of colonial legacies within contemporary religious education, especially in relation to Islamophobia. Further, it is emphasised that it is imperative for the project of decolonising religious education to pay attention to the affective dimensions of decolonisation; this implies not only interrogating the affective legacies of coloniality such as Islamophobia, but also producing decolonised affective communities in classrooms and schools.
本文概述了一套基于情感理论的宗教教育非殖民化分析视角。特别是,这些观点是:认识到宗教感情的作用;考察在多大程度上可以在课堂上创造非殖民化的情感空间;以及,理解当代关于多元文化和宗教差异的公共话语是如何被学生和教育工作者在日常生活中深情体验的。有人认为,这些观点有助于进一步揭示当代宗教教育中的殖民遗产,特别是与伊斯兰恐惧症有关的殖民遗产。此外,强调非殖民化宗教教育项目必须关注非殖民化的情感层面;这意味着不仅要质疑殖民主义的情感遗产,如伊斯兰恐惧症,还要在课堂和学校中产生非殖民化的情感社区。
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引用次数: 0
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British Journal of Religious Education
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