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Dear Palestine: A Social History of the 1948 War 亲爱的巴勒斯坦:1948年战争的社会史
IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/0377919X.2022.2132791
Areej Sabbagh-Khoury
Historian Albert Hourani once wrote that “the sources we use help to determine the emphasis we place within the complex whole of the historical process.”1 No statement rings truer when describing Dear Palestine: A Social History of the 1948 War, the new book by Middle East historian, former journalist, and petitioner of the Israeli High Court of Justice Shay Hazkani. Admittedly, one must wonder why, in the second decade of the twenty-first century, we require yet another historiographic endeavor tracing what is now one of the most evaluated historical events of the twentieth century: the 1948 Nakba/Israeli War of Independence. What could new work on the topic offer by way of added value? Upon concluding Dear Palestine, the answer to this question becomes clear. Hazkani’s work is empirically rich. His critical approach is made possible by the source material collated by proto-state and state surveillance apparatuses; the inheritance of colonial surveillance tactics from British imperial governance and the appropriation of Arab Liberation Army (ALA) files within the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) archives enabled these resources to exist. The book is a feat given the precarious circumstances under which the author sourced his materials. Methodologically, the book may be classified as a dialectical approach to the study of nation making. It tells the story of war as constituted by “messier battle lines,” which hundreds of analyses have accepted as a given and ignored (2). Hazkani taps into a trove of letters written during the 1948 war by Jewish, Palestinian, and other Arab soldiers that reflect individual struggles over complicity, perpetration, self-understanding, and identification. These self-understandings, we find, are never stable; they are always shifting and constructing. We are offered a window into the formation of subjectivities, another feat given the historical distance to the period. We often lack microlevel accounts and explanations of participation in violence or assume that master frames or ideologies simply explain away the successes or failures of mobilization. Hazkani tries to enter the worlds of soldiers, to grasp the ways in which individuals became embedded in social and political contexts and in violence through conflict, not consensus. Hazkani reverses the approach of taking official discourse as the object of study and instead takes individuals’ social processes—of interpretation, resonance, alignment, and misalignment—as the animating mechanisms. Yet Hazkani also constructively supplements the bottom-up use of letters with a deconstruction of military and political leadership’s discourses and top-down practices. He looks
历史学家阿尔伯特·胡拉尼(Albert Hourani)曾写道,“我们使用的来源有助于确定我们对整个复杂历史过程的重视。”1在描述中东历史学家、前记者、以色列高等法院请愿人谢·哈兹卡尼(Shay Hazkani)的新书《亲爱的巴勒斯坦:1948年战争的社会史》(Dear Palestin:A Social History of the 1948 War)时,没有一句话更真实。诚然,人们一定想知道,为什么在21世纪的第二个十年,我们需要另一项历史研究来追踪现在被评价最为严重的20世纪历史事件之一:1948年纳克巴/以色列独立战争。关于这一主题的新工作可以通过增加价值的方式提供什么?在结束《亲爱的巴勒斯坦》时,这个问题的答案就变得很清楚了。哈兹卡尼的工作经验丰富。通过原始国家和国家监督机构整理的原始材料,他的批判性方法成为可能;英国帝国统治下的殖民监视战术的继承,以及以色列国防军档案中阿拉伯解放军档案的挪用,使这些资源得以存在。考虑到作者素材来源的不稳定环境,这本书是一项壮举。从方法论上讲,这本书可以被归类为一种辩证的建国研究方法。它告诉了由“更混乱的战线”构成的战争故事,数百种分析认为这是既定的,而忽略了(2)。哈兹卡尼查阅了1948年战争期间犹太、巴勒斯坦和其他阿拉伯士兵写的大量信件,这些信件反映了个人在共谋、犯罪、自我理解和身份认同方面的斗争。我们发现,这些自我理解从来都不是稳定的;它们总是在变化和构建。我们被提供了一个了解主观主义形成的窗口,这是考虑到与那个时期的历史距离的又一壮举。我们往往缺乏对参与暴力的微观描述和解释,或者认为主要框架或意识形态只是解释动员的成功或失败。哈兹卡尼试图进入士兵的世界,了解个人通过冲突而非共识融入社会和政治背景以及暴力的方式。哈兹卡尼改变了将官方话语作为研究对象的方法,而是将个人的社会过程——解释、共鸣、对齐和错位——作为激励机制。然而,哈兹卡尼也通过解构军事和政治领导人的话语和自上而下的做法,建设性地补充了自下而上的字母使用。他看起来
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引用次数: 0
Would the United States Come to Nazareth’s Aid? Local and International Contests over the City’s Water 美国会援助拿撒勒吗?城市水资源的地方和国际竞争
IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/0377919x.2022.2131458
Leena Dallasheh
Abstract This article explores the appeals for aid made by Nazareth’s inhabitants to the US Point Four Program (the predecessor to today’s USAID) to implement a water infrastructure project during the early 1950s. It argues that this was one of several attempts by Palestinians to push back against their exclusion and marginalization by the nascent Israeli state and to retain some measure of autonomy in local governance. Focusing on this settler-colonial setting, and on the role of nonstate actors in what became a protracted and complex conflict, I show how water rights and resource management were embroiled in the political contests that shaped the process of decolonization, at both local and international levels.
摘要本文探讨了20世纪50年代初,拿撒勒居民向美国第四点计划(今天的美国国际开发署的前身)发出的援助呼吁,以实施一项水利基础设施项目。它认为,这是巴勒斯坦人试图反击新生的以色列国家对他们的排斥和边缘化,并在地方治理中保留一定程度的自治权的几次尝试之一。我聚焦于这种定居者的殖民环境,以及非国家行为者在这场旷日持久的复杂冲突中的作用,展示了水权和资源管理是如何卷入影响地方和国际非殖民化进程的政治竞赛的。
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引用次数: 0
Toward a Political Ecology of Water Solutions 走向水解决方案的政治生态
IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/0377919X.2022.2123213
E. McKee
Abstract Expanding on political ecology analyses that are increasingly applied to water-related challenges, this essay calls for greater attention to the political and social consequences of proposed water solutions. Concern about environmental health in Palestine often highlights a lack of water access, with proposed solutions focusing on increasing water supplies. Drawing on fieldwork in the West Bank, northern Israel, and Tel Aviv, this essay compares how differently situated residents and water managers evaluate the potential impacts of one type of supply-side infrastructure: desalination. This comparison counters avowedly apolitical technical evaluations of such initiatives by showing uneven sociopolitical costs and benefits.
摘要在越来越多地应用于水相关挑战的政治生态学分析的基础上,本文呼吁更多地关注拟议的水解决方案的政治和社会后果。对巴勒斯坦环境健康的担忧往往突显出缺乏水源,拟议的解决方案侧重于增加供水。根据约旦河西岸、以色列北部和特拉维夫的实地调查,本文比较了不同位置的居民和水资源管理者如何评估一种类型的供应方基础设施的潜在影响:海水淡化。这种比较通过显示不均衡的社会政治成本和收益,与公开宣称的对此类举措的非政治性技术评估相反。
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引用次数: 0
Toward a History of Dangerous Work and Racialized Inequalities in Twentieth-Century Palestine/Israel 迈向二十世纪巴勒斯坦/以色列的危险工作和种族不平等的历史
IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/0377919X.2022.2123212
Nimrod Ben Zeev
Abstract In recent years, a high number of fatal work accidents in the construction industry in Palestine/Israel has led several Israeli civil society organizations to begin documenting and publicizing the details of work accidents and identities of the victims. This novel documentation work has laid bare the unequal racialized distribution of dangerous work and bodily harm in the land. Palestinian construction workers from across the Green Line consistently constitute the overwhelming majority of victims of construction accidents, followed by migrant workers. Considering the long history of racial divisions of labor in Israel/Palestine over the last century, and building on the insights of scholarship on disability and political economy, this essay argues for the historical study of dangerous work as a crucial field of inquiry for scholars seeking to understand inequality, exploitation, the production of difference, settler colonialism, and communities’ experiences of these phenomena and processes in Palestine/Israel since the early twentieth century.
近年来,巴勒斯坦/以色列建筑行业的大量致命工作事故导致一些以色列民间社会组织开始记录和公布工作事故的细节和受害者的身份。这项新颖的记录工作揭示了危险工作和身体伤害在这片土地上的不平等的种族分布。绿线对面的巴勒斯坦建筑工人始终构成建筑事故受害者的绝大多数,其次是移徙工人。考虑到上个世纪以色列/巴勒斯坦种族分工的悠久历史,并基于对残疾和政治经济学的学术见解,本文认为对危险工作的历史研究是学者寻求理解不平等,剥削,差异的产生,定居者殖民主义,以及自20世纪初以来巴勒斯坦/以色列社区对这些现象和过程的经验。
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引用次数: 1
Interview with Muna El-Kurd: “As Palestinians, We All Have the Same Struggle, the Same History” 穆纳·库尔德访谈:“作为巴勒斯坦人,我们都有同样的斗争,同样的历史”
IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0377919x.2022.2099722
Rabea Eghbariah, Maria Khoury
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引用次数: 0
Queer Palestine and the Empire of Critique 酷儿巴勒斯坦和批判帝国
IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0377919X.2022.2100634
Isis Nusair
Queer Palestine and the Empire of Critique is an important addition to the scholarship on social movements and queer and feminist praxes in the MENA region as well as queer and feminist politics and national liberation in the case of Palestine. Sa’ed Atshan uses an intersectional lens for his analysis of queer Palestine and urges activists and scholars to rethink the meaning and practice of critique, solidarity, and social movement building. The book is divided into five chapters focusing on LGBTQ Palestinians and the politics of the ordinary; global solidarity and the politics of pinkwashing; transnational activism and the politics of boycotts; media, film, and the politics of representation; and critique of empire and the politics of academia. Atshan uses ethnography, autoethnography, and sixty-five interviews with queer Palestinians and activists to explore the local and global connections in the Palestinian queer movement. He traces the development of this movement, as well as the pinkwashing branding campaigns by the Israeli state and pinkwashing by Palestinian activists and those who stand in solidarity with them. Atshan’s main critique is against those he refers to as radical purists, who, whether Palestinian or not, privilege a single voice as a representative of the movement. This critique is leveled by academics, journalists, and even queer activists and has contributed in his view to pure ideological positions that have silenced activists and put them on the defensive. He also wonders why the queer solidarity movement for Palestine plateaued after 2012. Atshan distinguishes between critique in the spirit of solidarity and critique as a disciplining mechanism aimed at silencing or disempowering queer Palestinians through discursive disfranchisement. He argues that critiques from radical purists often contribute to the splintering and weakening of the queer Palestinian solidarity movement. Queer Palestinian solidarity activists emphasize the intersection between Israeli militarism, LGBTQ pride celebrations, international tourism, and the erasure of Palestinian suffering. This in their view forms the hallmark of Israeli pinkwashing. In its attempt to brand itself as a gay haven, Israel maintains a hypocritical position that amounts to a civilizing mission for gay rights. Atshan argues that the political currents of radical purism have subsequently helped transform the critique of empire into an “empire of critique” in which queer Palestinians— and to a large extent many of their allies—find themselves under numerous overlapping regimes of surveillance, suspicion, and control. The consequences for such acts are discursive disenfranchisement, prioritizing resistance to Zionism over resistance to homophobia, and a lack of growth of the queer Palestinian solidarity movement.
《酷儿巴勒斯坦和批判帝国》是对中东和北非地区社会运动酷儿和女权主义实践以及巴勒斯坦酷儿和女权主义政治和民族解放的重要补充。Sa 'ed Atshan用交叉视角分析了酷儿巴勒斯坦,并敦促活动家和学者重新思考批评、团结和社会运动建设的意义和实践。这本书分为五个章节,重点关注巴勒斯坦的LGBTQ和普通人的政治;全球团结与洗粉政治;跨国行动主义和抵制政治;媒体、电影和代表性政治;以及对帝国和学术界政治的批判。Atshan运用民族志、自我民族志和65个对巴勒斯坦酷儿和积极分子的采访来探索巴勒斯坦酷儿运动在当地和全球的联系。他追溯了这场运动的发展,以及以色列政府和巴勒斯坦活动人士以及与他们团结一致的人进行的洗粉运动。Atshan的主要批评是针对那些他称之为激进纯粹主义者的人,这些人,无论是否是巴勒斯坦人,都享有作为运动代表的单一声音的特权。学者、记者甚至酷儿活动人士都提出了这种批评,在他看来,这种批评助长了纯粹的意识形态立场,使活动人士噤声,并处于守势。他还想知道为什么巴勒斯坦的酷儿团结运动在2012年之后停滞不前。Atshan区分了团结精神的批评和作为一种惩戒机制的批评,这种机制旨在通过话语剥夺巴勒斯坦酷儿的权利来沉默或剥夺他们的权力。他认为,激进的纯粹主义者的批评常常导致巴勒斯坦同性恋团结运动的分裂和削弱。巴勒斯坦酷儿团结活动人士强调了以色列军国主义、LGBTQ骄傲庆祝活动、国际旅游和消除巴勒斯坦苦难之间的交集。在他们看来,这是以色列洗粉的标志。以色列试图把自己打造成同性恋的避风港,但却保持着一种虚伪的立场,相当于为同性恋权利开化的使命。Atshan认为,激进纯粹主义的政治潮流随后帮助将对帝国的批判转变为一个“批判帝国”,在这个帝国中,酷儿巴勒斯坦人——在很大程度上,他们的许多盟友——发现自己处于众多重叠的监视、怀疑和控制之下。这些行为的后果是话语剥夺公民权利,优先抵抗犹太复国主义而不是抵抗同性恋恐惧症,以及巴勒斯坦酷儿团结运动缺乏发展。
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引用次数: 0
Palestinian Women and Popular Resistance: Perceptions, Attitudes, and Strategies 巴勒斯坦妇女和民众抵抗:观念、态度和策略
IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0377919X.2022.2100636
R. M. Wahbe
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引用次数: 2
A Literary Nahda Interrupted: Pre-Nakba Palestinian Literature as Adab Maqalat 文学的Nahda被打断:以阿达布·马卡拉特的身份出现在Nakba之前的巴勒斯坦文学
IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0377919X.2022.2103329
Ibrahim Mahfouz Abdou, Refqa Abu-Remaileh
Abstract This article delves into the pre-Nakba literary scene of the 1930s and 1940s by way of its literary periodicals. Following the work of Hanna Abu Hanna and Ishaq Musa al-Husseini, the article posits periodicals as a primary, albeit understudied, site of Palestinian literary production. Prior to the Nakba, the Palestinian literary landscape experienced a small-scale local nahda in the form of adab maqalat (periodical literature) rather than adab mu’allafat (monograph/book-form literature). However, due to the ruptures of 1948, this formative period of adab maqalat has been unexplored and remains disconnected from Palestinian literary histories. In the context of a larger project that reconnects fragmented “black hole” periods of Palestinian literary history, this article takes a step toward sketching the major elements of Palestine’s literary landscape before the Nakba.
摘要本文通过其文学期刊,深入探讨了20世纪30年代和40年代前纳克巴的文学场景。继Hanna Abu Hanna和Ishaq Musa al-Husseini的作品之后,这篇文章将期刊定位为巴勒斯坦文学生产的主要场所,尽管研究不足。在Nakba之前,巴勒斯坦文学景观经历了小规模的地方nahda,其形式是adab maqalat(期刊文学),而不是adab mu'allafat(专著/书籍形式的文学)。然而,由于1948年的破裂,阿达布·马卡拉特的这一形成时期尚未被探索,与巴勒斯坦文学史仍然脱节。在一个将巴勒斯坦文学史上支离破碎的“黑洞”时期重新连接起来的更大项目的背景下,本文朝着描绘Nakba之前巴勒斯坦文学景观的主要元素迈出了一步。
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引用次数: 0
Human Shields: A History of People in the Line of Fire 人类盾牌:火线上的人的历史
IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0377919x.2022.2090215
Niku Jafarnia
Overall, this book offers an excellent opportunity for scholars in the humanities and social sciences, in addition to scientists and engineers, to pay more attention to water in new and innovative ways. It is an invaluable book and a rich resource for scholars who work on Palestine and who wish to engage in other ways of seeing and knowing water and the more-than-human world(s). As Boast rightfully highlighted, this is particularly critical in a climate emergency reality where “a climate-changed future” (25) necessitates that we make connections between justice and ongoing environmental legacies of colonialism.
总的来说,这本书为人文科学和社会科学的学者,以及科学家和工程师提供了一个极好的机会,让他们以新的创新方式更多地关注水。这是一本宝贵的书,也是研究巴勒斯坦问题的学者的丰富资源,他们希望以其他方式看待和了解水和人类以外的世界。正如Boast正确强调的那样,在气候紧急现实中,这一点尤为关键,因为“气候变化的未来”(25)需要我们将正义与殖民主义的持续环境遗产联系起来。
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引用次数: 4
Reconstructing the Civic: Palestinian Civil Activism in Israel 重建公民:以色列的巴勒斯坦公民行动主义
IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0377919x.2022.2089496
A. Badran
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of Palestine Studies
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