In China, as in India, ritual roles are distributed across the entire social field, rather than being confined to a religious field that is competed over in a quest for the monopolization of its powers. This essay explores the ritual roles of a leader of the Chinese diaspora in Singapore in the second half of the 19th century, drawing on stone inscriptions he wrote in several temples he built or restored, and his burial record, composed by the Chinese Consul General to Singapore, Huang Zunxian (1848-1905). These sources reveal how intricately entangled were the secular, commercial, political and religious realms at the end of the golden age of the Chinese temple network in Southeast Asia.
{"title":"Opium for the Gods","authors":"K. Dean","doi":"10.4000/ASSR.58561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ASSR.58561","url":null,"abstract":"In China, as in India, ritual roles are distributed across the entire social field, rather than being confined to a religious field that is competed over in a quest for the monopolization of its powers. This essay explores the ritual roles of a leader of the Chinese diaspora in Singapore in the second half of the 19th century, drawing on stone inscriptions he wrote in several temples he built or restored, and his burial record, composed by the Chinese Consul General to Singapore, Huang Zunxian (1848-1905). These sources reveal how intricately entangled were the secular, commercial, political and religious realms at the end of the golden age of the Chinese temple network in Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47307745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-21DOI: 10.1177/00377686211001028
K. Openshaw
The Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG) is a Brazilian neo-Pentecostal megachurch. Over the past 40 years, it has established branches in over 100 countries among the economically and socially marginalised. This holds true in Australia, where congregants are disenfranchised migrants from diverse ethnic backgrounds and (former) refugees. Drawing on 2 years of ethnographic research in the UCKG’s Australian headquarters, this article explores why a Brazilian church, with a seemingly disagreeable character, attracts a multicultural migrant congregation in Australia. I argue that the UCKG is attractive to these congregants because it provides a space where its followers’ ethnicity is accepted; its cosmovision is easily translated to its congregation’s diverse spiritual sensibilities; and it offers ‘pioneering techniques’ to overcome life obstacles for those on the margins of Australian society. This work contributes to scholarly literature concerning Brazilian religiosity outside of Brazil, and the role religion plays in migrant settlement.
{"title":"The Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in Australia: A church of non-Brazilian migrants","authors":"K. Openshaw","doi":"10.1177/00377686211001028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211001028","url":null,"abstract":"The Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG) is a Brazilian neo-Pentecostal megachurch. Over the past 40 years, it has established branches in over 100 countries among the economically and socially marginalised. This holds true in Australia, where congregants are disenfranchised migrants from diverse ethnic backgrounds and (former) refugees. Drawing on 2 years of ethnographic research in the UCKG’s Australian headquarters, this article explores why a Brazilian church, with a seemingly disagreeable character, attracts a multicultural migrant congregation in Australia. I argue that the UCKG is attractive to these congregants because it provides a space where its followers’ ethnicity is accepted; its cosmovision is easily translated to its congregation’s diverse spiritual sensibilities; and it offers ‘pioneering techniques’ to overcome life obstacles for those on the margins of Australian society. This work contributes to scholarly literature concerning Brazilian religiosity outside of Brazil, and the role religion plays in migrant settlement.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"68 1","pages":"231 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00377686211001028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45434870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.1177/00377686211001029
Cristina Rocha
This article explores the infrastructures that allow the Australian Pentecostal megachurch Hillsong to expand into Brazil. Hillsong is a global religious phenomenon: it has branches in global cities, celebrities among its followers, and an award-winning worship band. Drawing on five years of multi-sited ethnography in Australia and Brazil, I analyse significant infrastructures – smart church buildings, hip soundscapes, and digital media – that enabled Hillsong to establish itself in Brazil. I show that such technologies comprise an architecture through which Hillsong’s ‘Cool Christianity’ circulates. I argue that these infrastructures communicate success, excitement, modernity, and cosmopolitanism to young middle-class Brazilians who aspire to break with the local conservative Pentecostalism that caters for the poor. Here, I call for a focus on human and nonhuman actors and infrastructures that move religion across borders, and a special attention to how imagination and power differentials shape mobility and immobility.
{"title":"Global Religious Infrastructures: The Australian Megachurch Hillsong in Brazil","authors":"Cristina Rocha","doi":"10.1177/00377686211001029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211001029","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the infrastructures that allow the Australian Pentecostal megachurch Hillsong to expand into Brazil. Hillsong is a global religious phenomenon: it has branches in global cities, celebrities among its followers, and an award-winning worship band. Drawing on five years of multi-sited ethnography in Australia and Brazil, I analyse significant infrastructures – smart church buildings, hip soundscapes, and digital media – that enabled Hillsong to establish itself in Brazil. I show that such technologies comprise an architecture through which Hillsong’s ‘Cool Christianity’ circulates. I argue that these infrastructures communicate success, excitement, modernity, and cosmopolitanism to young middle-class Brazilians who aspire to break with the local conservative Pentecostalism that caters for the poor. Here, I call for a focus on human and nonhuman actors and infrastructures that move religion across borders, and a special attention to how imagination and power differentials shape mobility and immobility.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"68 1","pages":"245 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00377686211001029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46478968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.1177/00377686211002129
Sidney Antonio Da Silva, Geraldo Castro Cotinguiba, Marília Lima Pimentel Cotinguiba
This article aims to discuss the processes of religious insertion of Haitians in Manaus (AM) and Porto Velho (RO), and their impacts on the local Protestant field. We start from the hypothesis that religion plays a leading role in negotiating with the local religious field in search of less subordinated forms of cultural and religious insertions in order to establish a more balanced field of power relations. We used both quantitative and qualitative data collected between 2014 and 2015 and between 2019 and 2020, participant observation and open interviews with leaders and members of the surveyed evangelical churches.
{"title":"Haïtiens à Manaus et à Porto Velho : processus d’insertion religieuse et possibles impacts sur le champ protestant local","authors":"Sidney Antonio Da Silva, Geraldo Castro Cotinguiba, Marília Lima Pimentel Cotinguiba","doi":"10.1177/00377686211002129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211002129","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to discuss the processes of religious insertion of Haitians in Manaus (AM) and Porto Velho (RO), and their impacts on the local Protestant field. We start from the hypothesis that religion plays a leading role in negotiating with the local religious field in search of less subordinated forms of cultural and religious insertions in order to establish a more balanced field of power relations. We used both quantitative and qualitative data collected between 2014 and 2015 and between 2019 and 2020, participant observation and open interviews with leaders and members of the surveyed evangelical churches.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"68 1","pages":"176 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00377686211002129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46821151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-15DOI: 10.1177/0037768621994746
M. Trzebiatowska
This article contributes to the understanding of the symbiotic relationship between the nonreligious and the religious in religiously homogeneous cultures. Specifically, it examines the centrality of the religious congruence fallacy in the narratives of nonreligious people. Based on 60 qualitative interviews with Polish nones, I chart the ways in which they make sense of the dominant model of Polish-Catholic religiosity, commonly referred to as the ‘Polak-Katolik’. The findings demonstrate that nonreligious Poles equate Polish Catholicism with hypocrisy, conformity, and an implicit fear of ostracism. In conclusion, I suggest that it is vital that scholars of nonreligion flesh out the complexities of the relationship between the nones and the religiously homogeneous cultures within which they exist.
{"title":"Presuming religious congruence? The nonreligious and Catholicism in Poland","authors":"M. Trzebiatowska","doi":"10.1177/0037768621994746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768621994746","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to the understanding of the symbiotic relationship between the nonreligious and the religious in religiously homogeneous cultures. Specifically, it examines the centrality of the religious congruence fallacy in the narratives of nonreligious people. Based on 60 qualitative interviews with Polish nones, I chart the ways in which they make sense of the dominant model of Polish-Catholic religiosity, commonly referred to as the ‘Polak-Katolik’. The findings demonstrate that nonreligious Poles equate Polish Catholicism with hypocrisy, conformity, and an implicit fear of ostracism. In conclusion, I suggest that it is vital that scholars of nonreligion flesh out the complexities of the relationship between the nones and the religiously homogeneous cultures within which they exist.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"68 1","pages":"653 - 670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0037768621994746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43012837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-11DOI: 10.1177/0037768621991347
Barbora Spalová, Isabelle Jonveaux
In 1990 the Cistercian monastery of Vyšší Brod in Czech Republic again welcomed monks within its walls after four decades of absence during the communist regime. The reestablishment of monastic life brought new negotiations about the position of the monastery in society. The Cistercian community seeks to revive the place as the place of Cistercian spirituality. Exploring the different layers of memory related to the monastery, we analyse the heterogenous aims in reasserting the monastery in its social environment.
{"title":"Monastère et société : les échanges entre le monastère et la société dans le contexte des restitutions des biens ecclésiaux","authors":"Barbora Spalová, Isabelle Jonveaux","doi":"10.1177/0037768621991347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768621991347","url":null,"abstract":"In 1990 the Cistercian monastery of Vyšší Brod in Czech Republic again welcomed monks within its walls after four decades of absence during the communist regime. The reestablishment of monastic life brought new negotiations about the position of the monastery in society. The Cistercian community seeks to revive the place as the place of Cistercian spirituality. Exploring the different layers of memory related to the monastery, we analyse the heterogenous aims in reasserting the monastery in its social environment.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"68 1","pages":"634 - 652"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0037768621991347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45776616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0037768620962374
Leonardo Vasconcelos de Castro Moreira
This article analyzes discourses of conversion involving members of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG) in the city of Madrid, Spain. Drawing on the biographies of members and religious leaders and focusing on their testimonials of conversion in particular, I observe how the church’s message of a better life after conversion always relates to a misguided past. I have proposed the concept of self-othering to link the process through which members internalize and interpret their transformations through religion with othering, as the first step, and individual salvation, as the second step. This study observes specific rites of passage, namely baptisms, which induce an individual to become a member of the church. Self-othering as a concept helps to explain how individuals reinterpret their past and present lives through the lens of religious conversion.
{"title":"Self-othering in the testimonials of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in Madrid","authors":"Leonardo Vasconcelos de Castro Moreira","doi":"10.1177/0037768620962374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768620962374","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes discourses of conversion involving members of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG) in the city of Madrid, Spain. Drawing on the biographies of members and religious leaders and focusing on their testimonials of conversion in particular, I observe how the church’s message of a better life after conversion always relates to a misguided past. I have proposed the concept of self-othering to link the process through which members internalize and interpret their transformations through religion with othering, as the first step, and individual salvation, as the second step. This study observes specific rites of passage, namely baptisms, which induce an individual to become a member of the church. Self-othering as a concept helps to explain how individuals reinterpret their past and present lives through the lens of religious conversion.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"68 1","pages":"115 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0037768620962374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44507006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.1177/0037768620985750
A. Agadjanian
This article considers the place religion holds in post-Soviet Russian society, and most importantly, the case of the dominant Russian Orthodoxy. It shows that the gap between low everyday religiosity and high public profile of religion is the key to a specific Russian version of secularity. How religion’s spectacular appropriation of physical and social space, up to the imaginative space of the national culture as such, does not cancel the strong counterweight of deeply ingrained secular cultural arrangements – either genetically linked to some European variations or specifically related to (post)communist experience.
{"title":"From urban landscape to national culture: Russia’s conspicuous religious simulacra and enduring, if fragile, secularity","authors":"A. Agadjanian","doi":"10.1177/0037768620985750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768620985750","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the place religion holds in post-Soviet Russian society, and most importantly, the case of the dominant Russian Orthodoxy. It shows that the gap between low everyday religiosity and high public profile of religion is the key to a specific Russian version of secularity. How religion’s spectacular appropriation of physical and social space, up to the imaginative space of the national culture as such, does not cancel the strong counterweight of deeply ingrained secular cultural arrangements – either genetically linked to some European variations or specifically related to (post)communist experience.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"68 1","pages":"392 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0037768620985750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42485429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1177/0037768620974272
Olga Odgers-Ortiz, T. Csordas, I. Bojórquez-Chapela, O. Olivas-Hernández
This article identifies how beliefs, practices, and religious communities converge in the structuring of the evangelical drug rehabilitation model (ERM). Based on a qualitative study, we propose that the ERM shapes the ways of interpreting emotions and sensations based on a beliefs system that conceives the body as a battle field between good and evil. Sensations produced through ritual experience and symptomatic manifestations relative to withdrawal syndrome constitute key points of the culturally shaped somatic modes of attention (SMA) that are produced and transmitted within the evangelical rehabilitation centers (ERCs). This procedure grounds in prayer, cathartic emotive rituality, belief in forgiveness and God’s calling; in testimony; and in the community of believers. We conclude that religious practices and beliefs constitute essential tools of the ERM and can be efficacious for users who are engaged in a spiritual quest.
{"title":"Embodiment and somatic modes of attention in the evangelical care model in drug rehabilitation centers (Tijuana, Mexico)","authors":"Olga Odgers-Ortiz, T. Csordas, I. Bojórquez-Chapela, O. Olivas-Hernández","doi":"10.1177/0037768620974272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768620974272","url":null,"abstract":"This article identifies how beliefs, practices, and religious communities converge in the structuring of the evangelical drug rehabilitation model (ERM). Based on a qualitative study, we propose that the ERM shapes the ways of interpreting emotions and sensations based on a beliefs system that conceives the body as a battle field between good and evil. Sensations produced through ritual experience and symptomatic manifestations relative to withdrawal syndrome constitute key points of the culturally shaped somatic modes of attention (SMA) that are produced and transmitted within the evangelical rehabilitation centers (ERCs). This procedure grounds in prayer, cathartic emotive rituality, belief in forgiveness and God’s calling; in testimony; and in the community of believers. We conclude that religious practices and beliefs constitute essential tools of the ERM and can be efficacious for users who are engaged in a spiritual quest.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"68 1","pages":"430 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0037768620974272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44066667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1177/0037768620974268
A. Korteweg, G. Yurdakul
In this article, we analyze headscarf debates that unfolded in the first decade of the twenty-first century in France, the Netherlands, and Germany. Through a socio-historical overview looking at newspaper articles and policy and legal documents, we show how the headscarf has become a site for negotiating immigrant-related, postcolonial difference. We argue that certain feminist understanding of gender liberation and postcolonial difference in the headscarf debates reveal the continuity of control mechanisms from the colonial to the postcolonial era. We highlight the possibilities for decolonial thought and practice by centering the situatedness of headscarf. This allows us to show how Muslim citizens are active participants in producing contemporary Western European histories even as some of their practices face overt rejection.
{"title":"Liberal feminism and postcolonial difference: Debating headscarves in France, the Netherlands, and Germany","authors":"A. Korteweg, G. Yurdakul","doi":"10.1177/0037768620974268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768620974268","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we analyze headscarf debates that unfolded in the first decade of the twenty-first century in France, the Netherlands, and Germany. Through a socio-historical overview looking at newspaper articles and policy and legal documents, we show how the headscarf has become a site for negotiating immigrant-related, postcolonial difference. We argue that certain feminist understanding of gender liberation and postcolonial difference in the headscarf debates reveal the continuity of control mechanisms from the colonial to the postcolonial era. We highlight the possibilities for decolonial thought and practice by centering the situatedness of headscarf. This allows us to show how Muslim citizens are active participants in producing contemporary Western European histories even as some of their practices face overt rejection.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"68 1","pages":"410 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0037768620974268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42661696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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