Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.1177/00377686221090785
Alice Gaya
Mixed families offer a unique opportunity to explore the interrelated aspects of identity such as religion, ethnicity, and nationalism. In Israel, intermarriages of Muslims and Jews are particularly interesting because the complex tensions between these identities are intertwined with the national conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. However, such mixed families have rarely been studied. The purpose of this study is to identify the ways in which mixed families construct their identities in the context of a conflictual society. It is based on ethnographic work conducted among 16 Jewish–Muslim families. Findings indicate two patterns of identity formation: single identity, in which one spouse transitions to the other spouse’s culture, and hybrid identity, in which each spouse takes part in the other’s religious and cultural practices. This article demonstrates how socioeconomic status affects the choices that mixed families make in the process of identity formation in the context of a conflictual society.
{"title":"Identity formation among mixed families in a conflictual society: The case of Jewish–Muslim families in Israel","authors":"Alice Gaya","doi":"10.1177/00377686221090785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686221090785","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed families offer a unique opportunity to explore the interrelated aspects of identity such as religion, ethnicity, and nationalism. In Israel, intermarriages of Muslims and Jews are particularly interesting because the complex tensions between these identities are intertwined with the national conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. However, such mixed families have rarely been studied. The purpose of this study is to identify the ways in which mixed families construct their identities in the context of a conflictual society. It is based on ethnographic work conducted among 16 Jewish–Muslim families. Findings indicate two patterns of identity formation: single identity, in which one spouse transitions to the other spouse’s culture, and hybrid identity, in which each spouse takes part in the other’s religious and cultural practices. This article demonstrates how socioeconomic status affects the choices that mixed families make in the process of identity formation in the context of a conflictual society.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"69 1","pages":"312 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41928677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.1177/00377686221091045
D. Rodríguez-García, Cristina Rodríguez-Reche
This article explores the life experiences of the daughters of mixed couples living in Spain. These adolescents and young adults have one Muslim parent of Maghrebi origin and another non-Muslim native Spanish parent. Drawing on in-depth interviews, we examine the identity processes of this female population and the interplay between factors of origin, location, and gender. We find that prejudices around Maghrebi Muslims in Spain have a constraining impact on the identity choices of females in particular. Social perceptions of Islam immediately place these teenagers and young women in a position of being the absolute Other, giving rise to differential treatment and limiting their identity choices and sense of belonging. However, these respondents also demonstrate resilience, empowerment, and agency in confronting socially imposed categories, such as forming counter-narratives and self-categorising in multiple ways – in turn illuminating the socially transformative aspects of ethnic and religious mixedness.
{"title":"Daughters of Maghrebian Muslim and native non-Muslim couples in Spain: Identity choices and constraints","authors":"D. Rodríguez-García, Cristina Rodríguez-Reche","doi":"10.1177/00377686221091045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686221091045","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the life experiences of the daughters of mixed couples living in Spain. These adolescents and young adults have one Muslim parent of Maghrebi origin and another non-Muslim native Spanish parent. Drawing on in-depth interviews, we examine the identity processes of this female population and the interplay between factors of origin, location, and gender. We find that prejudices around Maghrebi Muslims in Spain have a constraining impact on the identity choices of females in particular. Social perceptions of Islam immediately place these teenagers and young women in a position of being the absolute Other, giving rise to differential treatment and limiting their identity choices and sense of belonging. However, these respondents also demonstrate resilience, empowerment, and agency in confronting socially imposed categories, such as forming counter-narratives and self-categorising in multiple ways – in turn illuminating the socially transformative aspects of ethnic and religious mixedness.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"69 1","pages":"423 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44938996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1177/00377686221089115
Catherine Therrien
This article explores not only the narratives of mixed individuals regarding what has been transmitted to them by their parents in terms of religious background, but also their own religious practice and affiliation. More specifically, the article focuses on mixed individuals who were raised in Muslim–Christian practicing families and who have grown up in Morocco. I will argue that despite the constraints of the religious context and the fact that they were raised in an interreligious practicing family, they are nevertheless active agents in the formation of their religious identity. The context in which they lived impacts their daily life, but not their capacity to make their choices in terms of religious identity. They do not always feel free to display their choices socially, face social pressure to conform to the majority group religious norms and/or family expectations, but develop adaptive practices to socially navigate the different social and family contexts.
{"title":"‘My father is Muslim and my mother is Christian: What about me?’ Religious identity and agency within mixed families in Morocco","authors":"Catherine Therrien","doi":"10.1177/00377686221089115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686221089115","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores not only the narratives of mixed individuals regarding what has been transmitted to them by their parents in terms of religious background, but also their own religious practice and affiliation. More specifically, the article focuses on mixed individuals who were raised in Muslim–Christian practicing families and who have grown up in Morocco. I will argue that despite the constraints of the religious context and the fact that they were raised in an interreligious practicing family, they are nevertheless active agents in the formation of their religious identity. The context in which they lived impacts their daily life, but not their capacity to make their choices in terms of religious identity. They do not always feel free to display their choices socially, face social pressure to conform to the majority group religious norms and/or family expectations, but develop adaptive practices to socially navigate the different social and family contexts.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"69 1","pages":"365 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42712158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.1177/00377686221087069
Elisabeth Arweck
The article reports data from a study investigating the religious identity formation of young people in mixed-faith families. This involved parents from Christian, Hindu, Sikh, and Muslim backgrounds, with a spouse of these four faiths. One of the ‘Muslim–non-Muslim’ families is considered here as a case study to shed light on social and religious dimensions pertaining to both parents and children. One parent has a Muslim, the other a Christian background. The article examines how the parents understand and approach the ‘mixed’ nature of their family and how this translates into socialising their children into their respective religious traditions. It also engages with the perceptions of the children, exploring their sense of religious identity and social belonging. Drawing on interviews, the article discusses participants’ perspectives regarding ‘dual heritage’/‘mixedness’ and cultural and religious transmission, referring to studies on mixed-faith families to embed the data in existing research.
{"title":"Social and religious dimensions of mixed-faith families: The case of a Muslim–Christian family","authors":"Elisabeth Arweck","doi":"10.1177/00377686221087069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686221087069","url":null,"abstract":"The article reports data from a study investigating the religious identity formation of young people in mixed-faith families. This involved parents from Christian, Hindu, Sikh, and Muslim backgrounds, with a spouse of these four faiths. One of the ‘Muslim–non-Muslim’ families is considered here as a case study to shed light on social and religious dimensions pertaining to both parents and children. One parent has a Muslim, the other a Christian background. The article examines how the parents understand and approach the ‘mixed’ nature of their family and how this translates into socialising their children into their respective religious traditions. It also engages with the perceptions of the children, exploring their sense of religious identity and social belonging. Drawing on interviews, the article discusses participants’ perspectives regarding ‘dual heritage’/‘mixedness’ and cultural and religious transmission, referring to studies on mixed-faith families to embed the data in existing research.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"69 1","pages":"386 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46383599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.1177/00377686221084681
Francesco Cerchiaro
Based on biographical interviews held in Italy, France and Belgium with mixed couples where one partner has a Muslim background and the other a Christian one, the analysis highlights the factors involved when a relationship generates negative reactions among the family of the majority partner. The article questions the assumption according to which mixed marriages are the result of the diminishing of group boundaries. Its findings suggest that these couples may often highlight the continued presence of strong social barriers. Muslim men – particularly if they have a lower socio-economic status – are more likely to face the opposition of their families-in-law. The fear of the majority group of losing ‘social prestige’ indicates that the intertwining of social class and ethnic difference plays a major role, especially at the beginning of the relationships. Islamophobia emerges as a both ‘racialised’ and ‘gendered’ category, strengthening the stereotype of the Muslim man as the emblem of ‘otherness’.
{"title":"‘When I told my parents I was going to marry a Muslim…’: Social perception and attitudes towards intermarriage in Italy, France and Belgium","authors":"Francesco Cerchiaro","doi":"10.1177/00377686221084681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686221084681","url":null,"abstract":"Based on biographical interviews held in Italy, France and Belgium with mixed couples where one partner has a Muslim background and the other a Christian one, the analysis highlights the factors involved when a relationship generates negative reactions among the family of the majority partner. The article questions the assumption according to which mixed marriages are the result of the diminishing of group boundaries. Its findings suggest that these couples may often highlight the continued presence of strong social barriers. Muslim men – particularly if they have a lower socio-economic status – are more likely to face the opposition of their families-in-law. The fear of the majority group of losing ‘social prestige’ indicates that the intertwining of social class and ethnic difference plays a major role, especially at the beginning of the relationships. Islamophobia emerges as a both ‘racialised’ and ‘gendered’ category, strengthening the stereotype of the Muslim man as the emblem of ‘otherness’.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"69 1","pages":"329 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45595118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.1177/00377686221083116
Trine Brox
With Buddhism’s integration into the global market economy, the trade in Buddhist commodities is booming. I ask how the value of such goods is measured, communicated, and contested by the diverse range of actors who buy and sell them. The analytical framework draws on recent conceptual developments in the fields of religion and of technology to develop Jens Beckert’s typology of value. While Beckert draws on Durkheim’s sociology of religion to differentiate between physical and symbolic values, I take the example of a powerful Buddhist technology, the Tibetan prayer wheel, to demonstrate the entanglement of materiality and belief in the different types of value ascribed to religious goods.
{"title":"What is the value of a Tibetan prayer wheel?","authors":"Trine Brox","doi":"10.1177/00377686221083116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686221083116","url":null,"abstract":"With Buddhism’s integration into the global market economy, the trade in Buddhist commodities is booming. I ask how the value of such goods is measured, communicated, and contested by the diverse range of actors who buy and sell them. The analytical framework draws on recent conceptual developments in the fields of religion and of technology to develop Jens Beckert’s typology of value. While Beckert draws on Durkheim’s sociology of religion to differentiate between physical and symbolic values, I take the example of a powerful Buddhist technology, the Tibetan prayer wheel, to demonstrate the entanglement of materiality and belief in the different types of value ascribed to religious goods.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"69 1","pages":"205 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49541474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1177/00377686221079685
G. Bouma, Anna Halafoff, G. Barton
Social science analysis of diversity, and religious diversity in particular, has long struggled to move beyond simple binaries of religious-secular, religious-spiritual, traditional-modern, global north-global south, and so on. Twenty-first century realities test existing terms and find them wanting. While concepts such as the postsecular, multiple modernities, multiple secularities, and non-religion point to new lines of analysis, each still refers to binary and thereby limiting terms. This article reviews research on religious diversity, delineating some of the major challenges posed. Building on useful frameworks of superdiversity, multiple pluralities, and religious complexity, we argue that the more widely encompassing concept of worldview complexity might represent a better way forward. It has the advantage of acknowledging the intersecting diversity of diversities in multiple, differing contexts, and abiding similarities in what is occurring ‘beneath religion’.
{"title":"Worldview complexity: The challenge of intersecting diversities for conceptualising diversity","authors":"G. Bouma, Anna Halafoff, G. Barton","doi":"10.1177/00377686221079685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686221079685","url":null,"abstract":"Social science analysis of diversity, and religious diversity in particular, has long struggled to move beyond simple binaries of religious-secular, religious-spiritual, traditional-modern, global north-global south, and so on. Twenty-first century realities test existing terms and find them wanting. While concepts such as the postsecular, multiple modernities, multiple secularities, and non-religion point to new lines of analysis, each still refers to binary and thereby limiting terms. This article reviews research on religious diversity, delineating some of the major challenges posed. Building on useful frameworks of superdiversity, multiple pluralities, and religious complexity, we argue that the more widely encompassing concept of worldview complexity might represent a better way forward. It has the advantage of acknowledging the intersecting diversity of diversities in multiple, differing contexts, and abiding similarities in what is occurring ‘beneath religion’.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"69 1","pages":"186 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48229299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1177/00377686221084694
Arndt Emmerich
Drawing on fieldwork in the Northern German town of Gifhorn, the article analyses the negotiation process of Germany’s first Muslim–Christian kindergarten during its inception and consolidation phase between 2007 and 2020. Through the reconstruction of the kindergarten case, the study informs the literature on interreligious dialogue and governance of religious diversity from a local perspective. A temporal analysis is used for the study of dialogue to capture changing views and positions of different stakeholders during shifting opportunity structures, including the rise of far-right populism and deteriorating political relations between Germany and Turkey. Hence, the kindergarten, which mirrors Germanys’ national policy framework of institutionalizing Islam through treaties and dialogue cooperation, can be seen as a stage on which local negotiations and interreligious dynamics play out, uncovering complex intersections within the local, national, and international arena of politics.
{"title":"Negotiating Germany’s first Muslim–Christian kindergarten: Temporalities, multiplicities, and processes in interreligious dialogue","authors":"Arndt Emmerich","doi":"10.1177/00377686221084694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686221084694","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on fieldwork in the Northern German town of Gifhorn, the article analyses the negotiation process of Germany’s first Muslim–Christian kindergarten during its inception and consolidation phase between 2007 and 2020. Through the reconstruction of the kindergarten case, the study informs the literature on interreligious dialogue and governance of religious diversity from a local perspective. A temporal analysis is used for the study of dialogue to capture changing views and positions of different stakeholders during shifting opportunity structures, including the rise of far-right populism and deteriorating political relations between Germany and Turkey. Hence, the kindergarten, which mirrors Germanys’ national policy framework of institutionalizing Islam through treaties and dialogue cooperation, can be seen as a stage on which local negotiations and interreligious dynamics play out, uncovering complex intersections within the local, national, and international arena of politics.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"69 1","pages":"578 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45435743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1177/00377686221079699
M. Burchardt
In many Western societies, support for policies concerning the secularization of the public sphere or the state often seems to be driven by secularized majority populations considered to be largely homogeneous. In this article, by contrast, I draw on the case of the Canadian province of Quebec to show that, as a fundamental element of conflicts over secularism, secularist activism emerges from particular generational dynamics, especially those of the so-called ‘baby boomers’. My main argument is that while the baby boomers’ collective experiences have shaped their secularist outlook, there are a variety of biographical trajectories and engagements with spirituality that the public image of this generation tends to hide. The article is based on biographical and ethnographic research carried out between 2012 and 2018.
{"title":"Becoming secular: Biographies of disenchantment, generational dynamics, and why they matter","authors":"M. Burchardt","doi":"10.1177/00377686221079699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686221079699","url":null,"abstract":"In many Western societies, support for policies concerning the secularization of the public sphere or the state often seems to be driven by secularized majority populations considered to be largely homogeneous. In this article, by contrast, I draw on the case of the Canadian province of Quebec to show that, as a fundamental element of conflicts over secularism, secularist activism emerges from particular generational dynamics, especially those of the so-called ‘baby boomers’. My main argument is that while the baby boomers’ collective experiences have shaped their secularist outlook, there are a variety of biographical trajectories and engagements with spirituality that the public image of this generation tends to hide. The article is based on biographical and ethnographic research carried out between 2012 and 2018.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"69 1","pages":"223 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42583522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1177/00377686221081796
M. Lachheb, et Nassim Hamdi
The present study focuses on the identity constructions of a group of young Tunisian homosexuals. Led by a survey based on semi-structured interviews with nine Muslim gays and six Muslim Lesbians, the study attempts to report on the negotiations between a Muslim identity and a homosexual identity. The qualitative analysis of the data reveals the attachment of gays and lesbians to their sexual identity. Nevertheless, the relationship with Islam takes many forms. Some opt for the separation between the practice of the precepts of Islam and the homosexual practice in order to diminish the dissonance between faith and homosexuality. Others choose to move towards a form of spirituality by creating an individual and singular relationship with God. Finally, one of the questioned gay men opts for detaching himself from Islam for a better preservation of his sexual identity.
{"title":"Être gay ou lesbienne et musulman-e dans la Tunisie post-2011 : les négociations d’une antinomie","authors":"M. Lachheb, et Nassim Hamdi","doi":"10.1177/00377686221081796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686221081796","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focuses on the identity constructions of a group of young Tunisian homosexuals. Led by a survey based on semi-structured interviews with nine Muslim gays and six Muslim Lesbians, the study attempts to report on the negotiations between a Muslim identity and a homosexual identity. The qualitative analysis of the data reveals the attachment of gays and lesbians to their sexual identity. Nevertheless, the relationship with Islam takes many forms. Some opt for the separation between the practice of the precepts of Islam and the homosexual practice in order to diminish the dissonance between faith and homosexuality. Others choose to move towards a form of spirituality by creating an individual and singular relationship with God. Finally, one of the questioned gay men opts for detaching himself from Islam for a better preservation of his sexual identity.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":"69 1","pages":"241 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48468623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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