Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00377686211061278
C. Byl, Frédéric Laugrand, Lionel Simon
Tandis que les modes de vie modernes font de plus en plus de place aux pratiques et savoirs relatifs à la flore, les sciences humaines s’attachent, par de multiples voies, à interroger les rôles que jouent les végétaux dans nos paysages sociaux (Wandersee et Schussler, 1999). Bénéficiant d’un engouement croissant dans la sphère publique autant que dans les travaux de recherche, les plantes, les fleurs et les arbres débordent ainsi du champ de compétences des seules sciences spécialisées et ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles manières de problématiser les dynamiques de notre monde. Cet intérêt nouveau se double aussi, dans plusieurs disciplines, d’un regard inédit sur le règne végétal. Celui-ci est vu par de nombreux auteurs comme le dépositaire de compétences et d’aptitudes qui lui étaient niées auparavant. ‘Plant piety’ in question La « piété végétale » en question
{"title":"‘Plant piety’ in question La « piété végétale » en question","authors":"C. Byl, Frédéric Laugrand, Lionel Simon","doi":"10.1177/00377686211061278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211061278","url":null,"abstract":"Tandis que les modes de vie modernes font de plus en plus de place aux pratiques et savoirs relatifs à la flore, les sciences humaines s’attachent, par de multiples voies, à interroger les rôles que jouent les végétaux dans nos paysages sociaux (Wandersee et Schussler, 1999). Bénéficiant d’un engouement croissant dans la sphère publique autant que dans les travaux de recherche, les plantes, les fleurs et les arbres débordent ainsi du champ de compétences des seules sciences spécialisées et ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles manières de problématiser les dynamiques de notre monde. Cet intérêt nouveau se double aussi, dans plusieurs disciplines, d’un regard inédit sur le règne végétal. Celui-ci est vu par de nombreux auteurs comme le dépositaire de compétences et d’aptitudes qui lui étaient niées auparavant. ‘Plant piety’ in question La « piété végétale » en question","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43045654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00377686211060671
M. Dilmaghani, David Douyère, Leni Franken, Wilfrid Laurier
L’équipe et le comité de rédaction de la revue Social Compass remercient chaleureusement les 127 chercheuses et chercheurs provenant de 35 pays qui ont accepté d’évaluer les articles soumis pour publication en 2020 ainsi que les éditeurs invités qui ont dirigé un numéro thématique. Leurs analyses, commentaires et suggestions contribuent largement à la qualité des articles publiés dans notre revue et ainsi qu’à la dynamique de la recherche en sciences sociales des religions. The Social Compass’ team and editorial board gratefully acknowledge and thank the 127 scholars coming from 35 countries who accepted to review articles submitted for publication in 2020 and the invited editors who directed a thematic issue. Their analyses, comments and suggestions highly contribute to the quality of the articles published in our journal and therefore to the research dynamic in the social sciences of religion.
{"title":"Remerciements aux évaluateurs, 2020: Thanks to reviewers, 2020","authors":"M. Dilmaghani, David Douyère, Leni Franken, Wilfrid Laurier","doi":"10.1177/00377686211060671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211060671","url":null,"abstract":"L’équipe et le comité de rédaction de la revue Social Compass remercient chaleureusement les 127 chercheuses et chercheurs provenant de 35 pays qui ont accepté d’évaluer les articles soumis pour publication en 2020 ainsi que les éditeurs invités qui ont dirigé un numéro thématique. Leurs analyses, commentaires et suggestions contribuent largement à la qualité des articles publiés dans notre revue et ainsi qu’à la dynamique de la recherche en sciences sociales des religions. The Social Compass’ team and editorial board gratefully acknowledge and thank the 127 scholars coming from 35 countries who accepted to review articles submitted for publication in 2020 and the invited editors who directed a thematic issue. Their analyses, comments and suggestions highly contribute to the quality of the articles published in our journal and therefore to the research dynamic in the social sciences of religion.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44286990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-25DOI: 10.1177/00377686211061286
L. Rival
I review the contributions to this special issue by focusing on the relational qualities that bind people and plants together through religious ritualization of economic activities such as crop cultivation or plant gathering in the wild. I show how an attention to plants as teachers facilitates cross-cultural comparative analysis.
{"title":"Keeping life going: Plants and people today, yesterday and tomorrow","authors":"L. Rival","doi":"10.1177/00377686211061286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211061286","url":null,"abstract":"I review the contributions to this special issue by focusing on the relational qualities that bind people and plants together through religious ritualization of economic activities such as crop cultivation or plant gathering in the wild. I show how an attention to plants as teachers facilitates cross-cultural comparative analysis.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1177/00377686211049676
Eline Huygens
Drawing on qualitative research with Catholic women who are active in the Church in Belgium, this article sets out to analyse how these women negotiate and manage premarital sexuality. I map their practices, experiences, and strategies, and explore how they make sense of religious and secular norms regarding premarital sexuality. By using two notions as theoretical frameworks, namely religious agency and growth ethics, I argue that combining both can lead to a fertile approach to yielding new insights into the field of religion and sexuality. In so doing, I demonstrate that although not all my interlocutors refrain from sexual relations before marriage, they develop personal sexual ethics, which are distinctly informed by Catholic understandings.
{"title":"‘My dream is that I share the bed with only one man’: Perceptions and practices of premarital sex among Catholic women in Belgium","authors":"Eline Huygens","doi":"10.1177/00377686211049676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211049676","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on qualitative research with Catholic women who are active in the Church in Belgium, this article sets out to analyse how these women negotiate and manage premarital sexuality. I map their practices, experiences, and strategies, and explore how they make sense of religious and secular norms regarding premarital sexuality. By using two notions as theoretical frameworks, namely religious agency and growth ethics, I argue that combining both can lead to a fertile approach to yielding new insights into the field of religion and sexuality. In so doing, I demonstrate that although not all my interlocutors refrain from sexual relations before marriage, they develop personal sexual ethics, which are distinctly informed by Catholic understandings.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49466206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.1177/00377686211046526
Pi-Chen Liu
Anthropologists have made strides in theorizing non-human subjectivity in cosmologies but, emphasizing animals, they underestimate the importance of botanical beings. Pangcah rituals and taboos cannot be separated from plants. Through ritual action, they divide plants into three categories: the first is cereals that have deities and soul, which are the center of animistic and shamanic rituals. These spirits will stick to people (like the substance of cereals) asking for food or aggressively make people ill. The second type is leaf vegetables forbidden to eat before and during rituals. They are regarded as unmarried females and have sexual connotations. The third includes ‘enveloped’ plants (beans and bamboo shoots) that are eaten only during rituals. From the important position of plants in the Pangcah lifeway and cosmology, this article explores the Pangcah ontology and analyzes the mediating role of sensory experience played in the people–plants–spirits encounter.
{"title":"Plant-women, senses, and ecological considerations: Rethinking ritual plants and their taboos among the Pangcah of Taiwan (1920–2020)","authors":"Pi-Chen Liu","doi":"10.1177/00377686211046526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211046526","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropologists have made strides in theorizing non-human subjectivity in cosmologies but, emphasizing animals, they underestimate the importance of botanical beings. Pangcah rituals and taboos cannot be separated from plants. Through ritual action, they divide plants into three categories: the first is cereals that have deities and soul, which are the center of animistic and shamanic rituals. These spirits will stick to people (like the substance of cereals) asking for food or aggressively make people ill. The second type is leaf vegetables forbidden to eat before and during rituals. They are regarded as unmarried females and have sexual connotations. The third includes ‘enveloped’ plants (beans and bamboo shoots) that are eaten only during rituals. From the important position of plants in the Pangcah lifeway and cosmology, this article explores the Pangcah ontology and analyzes the mediating role of sensory experience played in the people–plants–spirits encounter.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43799102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1177/00377686211043693
Sveta Yamin-Pasternak, Igor Pasternak
Drawing on ethnographic field research in Chukotka, Russia, this article explores ideas and practices connected with the Arctic tundra vegetation that speak to its place in Chukchi spirituality and cultural milieu. The ethnographic focus is on a Chukchi remembrance ceremony with other social contexts of human–plant interaction offered as comparative examples. Contributing novel insight for the considerations of sentient landscapes and ceremonial engagements with plants, the article turns to the Chukchi eco-spiritual relationships in the beyond-the-human world. It suggests that the vegetation cover is not merely an assemblage of fungi and plants, but an organismal membrane through which the tundra communicates and acts, while also facilitating integrations between the human and beyond-the-human worlds.
{"title":"Seeing the tundra for the plants, on the eco-spiritual wholeness of arctic vegetation","authors":"Sveta Yamin-Pasternak, Igor Pasternak","doi":"10.1177/00377686211043693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211043693","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on ethnographic field research in Chukotka, Russia, this article explores ideas and practices connected with the Arctic tundra vegetation that speak to its place in Chukchi spirituality and cultural milieu. The ethnographic focus is on a Chukchi remembrance ceremony with other social contexts of human–plant interaction offered as comparative examples. Contributing novel insight for the considerations of sentient landscapes and ceremonial engagements with plants, the article turns to the Chukchi eco-spiritual relationships in the beyond-the-human world. It suggests that the vegetation cover is not merely an assemblage of fungi and plants, but an organismal membrane through which the tundra communicates and acts, while also facilitating integrations between the human and beyond-the-human worlds.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46412202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.1177/00377686211046640
Elazar Ben-Lulu, J. Feldman
This ethnography analyzes three Israeli Reform Jewish rituals as manifestations of interreligious hospitality. The Daniel Reform congregation invites Muslim residents of Jaffa to participate in rituals incorporating Arabic and Muslim clergy and prayers. The egalitarian and pluralistic Jewish symbols and narratives promote neighborly relationships. Nevertheless, some participants’ responses reaffirm popular suspicions and prejudices, which the ceremony seeks to overcome. Interreligious hospitality here is not so much an act of theological reconciliation, but a political act also directed toward other actors – like the Israeli right-wing and Israeli society, which grant the Orthodox a monopoly on Judaism. While the shared ritual practice offers a dialogical model that engages broader publics through doing, the analytic frame of hospitality sensitizes us to the importance of space and language in the power relationships of hosts and guests. It helps explain the challenges to the messages of coexistence, which the rituals are designed to confirm.
{"title":"Reforming the Israeli–Arab conflict? Interreligious hospitality in Jaffa and its discontents","authors":"Elazar Ben-Lulu, J. Feldman","doi":"10.1177/00377686211046640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211046640","url":null,"abstract":"This ethnography analyzes three Israeli Reform Jewish rituals as manifestations of interreligious hospitality. The Daniel Reform congregation invites Muslim residents of Jaffa to participate in rituals incorporating Arabic and Muslim clergy and prayers. The egalitarian and pluralistic Jewish symbols and narratives promote neighborly relationships. Nevertheless, some participants’ responses reaffirm popular suspicions and prejudices, which the ceremony seeks to overcome. Interreligious hospitality here is not so much an act of theological reconciliation, but a political act also directed toward other actors – like the Israeli right-wing and Israeli society, which grant the Orthodox a monopoly on Judaism. While the shared ritual practice offers a dialogical model that engages broader publics through doing, the analytic frame of hospitality sensitizes us to the importance of space and language in the power relationships of hosts and guests. It helps explain the challenges to the messages of coexistence, which the rituals are designed to confirm.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45793235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we discuss personal moments of our respective ethnographic research on Guatemalan Pentecostalism and Afro-Cuban religiosity. Through our own involvement, we expose the approaches of the two religious forms, the former working by way of exorcism and the latter by way of endorcism. Guatemalan Pentecostal exorcism works by a radical expulsion of the previous non-Pentecostal past to strictly convert the person. Afro-Cuban endorcism, on the other hand, endorses the past, present, and future, as it accepts a simultaneity and multiplicity of ‘influences’. No ‘demon’ is perceived, as in the case of Pentecostalism, no ‘idolatry’ is detected and, instead of conversion, what occurs is a cumulative incorporation of multiple initiations. Our approach, we argue, as also inspired by theories of ‘radical participation’ and ‘symmetrisation’, affords a useful vantage point to engage with fine ethnographic nuances of a proliferation of comparative symmetries in the study of religiosity.
{"title":"Pentecostal exorcism and Afro-Cuban endorcism: ‘Radical participation’ and the proliferation of symmetries","authors":"Manuela CantÓn-Delgado, Anastasios Panagiotopoulos","doi":"10.1177/00377686211043715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211043715","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we discuss personal moments of our respective ethnographic research on Guatemalan Pentecostalism and Afro-Cuban religiosity. Through our own involvement, we expose the approaches of the two religious forms, the former working by way of exorcism and the latter by way of endorcism. Guatemalan Pentecostal exorcism works by a radical expulsion of the previous non-Pentecostal past to strictly convert the person. Afro-Cuban endorcism, on the other hand, endorses the past, present, and future, as it accepts a simultaneity and multiplicity of ‘influences’. No ‘demon’ is perceived, as in the case of Pentecostalism, no ‘idolatry’ is detected and, instead of conversion, what occurs is a cumulative incorporation of multiple initiations. Our approach, we argue, as also inspired by theories of ‘radical participation’ and ‘symmetrisation’, affords a useful vantage point to engage with fine ethnographic nuances of a proliferation of comparative symmetries in the study of religiosity.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48188754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.1177/00377686211032966
Misha Hoo
The emergence of New Age spirituality in Western cultures during the 1960s and 1970s has been described as a rejection of traditional values, fuelled by disillusionment with the Christian church and a feeling of alienation in mainstream social and work environments. While New Age has been characterised as a ‘turning away’ from dominant cultural ideologies, there is comparatively less discussion about what New Age actors are ‘turning towards’ in their pursuit of subjective spirituality. Research from Australia demonstrates that individuals were primarily searching for deeper meaning and looking for spiritual answers when they first engaged with New Age pursuits. In addition, social and intergenerational transmission are both important factors in the cultivation of New Age spirituality.
{"title":"New Age in Australia: Social transmission and the quest for meaning","authors":"Misha Hoo","doi":"10.1177/00377686211032966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211032966","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of New Age spirituality in Western cultures during the 1960s and 1970s has been described as a rejection of traditional values, fuelled by disillusionment with the Christian church and a feeling of alienation in mainstream social and work environments. While New Age has been characterised as a ‘turning away’ from dominant cultural ideologies, there is comparatively less discussion about what New Age actors are ‘turning towards’ in their pursuit of subjective spirituality. Research from Australia demonstrates that individuals were primarily searching for deeper meaning and looking for spiritual answers when they first engaged with New Age pursuits. In addition, social and intergenerational transmission are both important factors in the cultivation of New Age spirituality.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48745448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.1177/00377686211032775
B. Vermander
Starting from a historical reflection on the concept of hybridization, and in particular on its circulation between natural and social sciences, this contribution attempts to identify some of the processes by which cereal rituals are reformulated when the relevance of associated representations and practices is eroded. Among other examples, it mobilizes the case of millet rituals in Taiwan, modified by the introduction of rice cultivation and then by Christianization. The last section revisits the concepts and approaches used in the field so as to better balance theoretical rigor and imagination in the study of the transformations that continue to affect the meaning given to cultivation and food practices.
{"title":"L’expérience de l’hybride. Cultures céréalières et croisements spirituels","authors":"B. Vermander","doi":"10.1177/00377686211032775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211032775","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from a historical reflection on the concept of hybridization, and in particular on its circulation between natural and social sciences, this contribution attempts to identify some of the processes by which cereal rituals are reformulated when the relevance of associated representations and practices is eroded. Among other examples, it mobilizes the case of millet rituals in Taiwan, modified by the introduction of rice cultivation and then by Christianization. The last section revisits the concepts and approaches used in the field so as to better balance theoretical rigor and imagination in the study of the transformations that continue to affect the meaning given to cultivation and food practices.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45157088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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