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Arachnomadology: A Zoētic Framework for Queering Stories of Spider Sex, Life, and Death 蜘蛛学:Zoētic蜘蛛性、生命和死亡的古怪故事框架
IF 0.7 4区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2022.2051165
Ally Bisshop
ABSTRACT This article explores the death/life ecologies that flourish along the queered axes of spider reproductive behaviours – from cannibalistic sex to matricidal birth – and how the language and concepts used to describe these behaviours both reflect and distort heteronormative human accounts of gender/sex, life/death and thresholds between. It recalibrates storied accounts of spider sex, life and death through a critical, creative posthumanist approach to nonhuman life as zoē (Braidotti). It presents a queered reading of spider ethologies in which death is not life’s programmatic terminus, but another zoētic expression of desire: the endless reaching for affirmative becomings through (re)productive comminglings of bodies – whether by penetration, modulation, ingestion, or absorption. It argues how a spiderly weaving together of sex and death effects the conditions for the creative survival (inherence) of life itself. This zoētic analysis of spider ethologies proposes a novel figuration: the arachnomad – a sensuous assemblage of spider, web, affects and tangents – as a material model and heuristic for understanding nomadic subjectivities, and for queering the life/death relation.
本文探讨了沿蜘蛛生殖行为的奇异轴蓬勃发展的死亡/生命生态-从同类相食的性行为到弑母的出生-以及用于描述这些行为的语言和概念如何反映和扭曲了异性恋的人类对性别/性,生/死和两者之间阈值的描述。它通过一种批判性的、创造性的后人类主义方法,重新校准了蜘蛛的性、生和死的故事,把非人类的生命当作zoi (Braidotti)。它呈现了一种对蜘蛛行为学的奇怪解读,其中死亡不是生命的纲目终点,而是另一种zoētic欲望的表达:通过(重新)富有成效的身体混合——无论是通过渗透、调节、摄入还是吸收——无休止地达到肯定的结果。它论证了性与死亡的微妙交织如何影响生命本身创造性生存(固有)的条件。zoētic对蜘蛛行为学的分析提出了一种新的形象:蜘蛛流浪者——蜘蛛、网、情感和切线的感官组合——作为一种物质模型和启发式,用于理解游牧的主体性,以及厘清生与死的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Memories of Entanglement: Conflicts Around Sexuality at the Sydney Women’s Commission 1973 纠缠的记忆:1973年悉尼妇女委员会围绕性的冲突
IF 0.7 4区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2022.2092836
E. Torzillo, H. Goodall
ABSTRACT The Women’s Commission held in Sydney in March 1973, was organised by Women’s Liberation as a ‘speak out’, allowing the theories and practices of the new wave women’s movement to be shared and contested. This paper investigates tensions around lesbianism and feminism by considering both archival evidence from 1973 of the Commission’s ‘Women as Sex Objects’ session and oral histories undertaken in 2003 with five participants, each at some stage identifying as lesbian. Both archives and the later reflective interviews have been revisited recently in the light of feminist and queer theory. The paper identifies three themes in Commission tensions: emotions, including entangled relationships, as motivations; changing views on gender fluidity; and marginalisation. Both archive and oral history are needed to allow a deeper understanding of each theme, all three of which continue to shape the women’s movement.
1973年3月在悉尼举行的妇女委员会会议,是由妇女解放组织的一次“发声”活动,旨在分享和讨论新浪潮妇女运动的理论和实践。本文通过考虑1973年委员会“女性作为性对象”会议的档案证据和2003年五名参与者的口述历史,调查了女同性恋和女权主义之间的紧张关系,每名参与者都在某个阶段被认定为女同性恋。最近,在女权主义和酷儿理论的指导下,这些档案和后来的反思访谈都被重新审视了。本文确定了委员会紧张局势的三个主题:情绪,包括纠缠的关系,作为动机;对性别流动性看法的改变;和边缘化。为了更深入地了解每一个主题,档案和口述历史都是必要的,这三个主题都在继续塑造妇女运动。
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引用次数: 1
‘Just How Things Are … ’: Traumatic Lives in Natasha Kermani’s Lucky “事情就是这样……”:娜塔莎·科尔马尼的《幸运》中的创伤生活
IF 0.7 4区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2022.2103395
Jasmine Sandes
ABSTRACT This article discusses cinematic engagement with cyclical gendered violence and a present saturated in crisis in the film Lucky. As part of the broader cultural conversation about gendered violence and the #MeToo movement, this film presents an image of life after trauma and the dissonance between neoliberal feminisms that champion ‘self-empowerment’, and the ongoing crisis-state of traumatic aftermath. I argue that Lucky depicts the failures of postfeminist sensibilities to address systemic gendered violence, and the continued exclusion of women of colour from movements like #MeToo. Lucky staunchly resists demands for closure over trauma. This article explores the film’s lack of resolution and perpetual sense of confusion as literalising the idea of living through a contemporary moment saturated in crisis. I argue that the film demonstrates both institutional and interpersonal failures to adequately respond to gendered violence, gesturing towards the need for support networks between victim-survivors.
本文讨论了电影《幸运》中周期性的性别暴力和充满危机的当下。作为关于性别暴力和#MeToo运动的更广泛的文化对话的一部分,这部电影呈现了创伤后的生活形象,以及支持“自我赋权”的新自由主义女权主义与创伤后持续的危机状态之间的不和谐。我认为,《幸运儿》描绘了后女权主义在解决系统性性别暴力问题上的失败,以及有色人种女性继续被排除在“我也是”(#MeToo)等运动之外。Lucky坚决抵制对创伤进行了结的要求。这篇文章探讨了这部电影的缺乏决心和永恒的困惑感,因为它将生活在一个充满危机的当代时刻的想法逐字化。我认为,这部电影展示了制度和人际关系在充分应对性别暴力方面的失败,表明了受害者-幸存者之间需要支持网络。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Entanglements of Anti-Feminism and Anti-Environmentalism in the Far-Right 引言:极右翼反女权主义与反环保主义的纠葛
IF 0.7 4区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2022.2062668
Josef Barla, Sophie Bjork‐James
ABSTRACT This essay introduces the special issue of Australian Feminist Studies on ‘Climate Change, Gender, and Authoritarianism: Entanglements of Anti-Feminism and Anti-Environmentalism in the Far-Right’. Starting from the hypothesis that anti-feminism functions as a metalanguage in the far-right’s fight against liberal democracy as well as social and environmental justice, this special issue explores how anti-feminism and anti-environmentalism merge and inform one another in contemporary far-right discourses and politics on climate change. Focusing on the connections that form the tissue of far-right imaginaries of sex, gender, race, and the nation in the context of the simultaneous dismissal and mobilisation of ecological issues, a broad picture of the state of research on the entanglement of anti-feminism and anti-environmentalism in the far-right will be laid out. In doing so, this special issue aims at providing us with a much-needed insight into the gendered and racialised political ecology of the contemporary far-right.
摘要:本文介绍了澳大利亚女性主义研究专刊《气候变化、性别与威权主义:极右翼反女性主义与反环境主义的纠缠》。从反女权主义在极右翼反对自由民主以及社会和环境正义的斗争中作为一种元语言的假设出发,本期特刊探讨了反女权主义和反环保主义如何在当代极右翼的气候变化话语和政治中融合并相互告知。在生态问题同时被驳回和动员的背景下,重点关注形成极右翼对性、性别、种族和国家的想象组织的联系,将展示极右翼中反女权主义和反环保主义纠缠的研究状况的广阔图景。在此过程中,本期特刊旨在为我们提供对当代极右翼的性别化和种族化政治生态的急需见解。
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引用次数: 2
Green or Gender-Modern Nativists: Do They Exist and Do They Vote for Right-Wing Populist Parties? 绿色还是性别现代本土主义者:他们存在吗?他们投票给右翼民粹主义政党吗?
IF 0.7 4区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2022.2051166
N. Spierings, S. Glas
ABSTRACT A current focal point of right-wing populist (RWP) parties across Western societies has been anti-environmentalism and anti-feminism, entangled with their dominant anti-migrant agenda. This clustering of positions overlaps with the conceptual GAL-TAN (Green, Alternative, Liberalist – Traditional, Authoritarian, Nationalist) distinction in voter studies. Still, numerous voters might transcend this distinction, for instance adhering to femonationalism. By taking a feminist ground-up approach, we reveal how nativist, anti-feminist, and anti-environmentalist attitudes do (or do not) cluster across Western Europe. Our results show that approximately 30% of voters deviate from the GAL-TAN logic, with considerable clusters of citizens combining strong nativism with support for gender equality or moderate nativism with anti-feminism. Further, we estimate the support for RWP parties and show that nativism is core to supporting RWP elites, and anti-environmentalism can provide an additional vote bonus. However, our analysis reveals that the (anti-)feminist and nativist elements of people’s political ideology entail more complex entanglements: both anti-feminist nativist voters and femonationalist voters gravitate to RWP parties. These results imply that feminist quantitative studies are needed to lay bare the average-defying minority groups that can be mobilised to support RWP parties.
摘要当前,西方社会右翼民粹主义政党的焦点一直是反环保主义和反女权主义,与他们占主导地位的反移民议程纠缠在一起。这种立场的聚类与选民研究中概念上的GAL-TAN(绿色、另类、自由主义-传统、威权主义、民族主义)区别重叠。尽管如此,许多选民可能会超越这种区别,例如坚持女性主义。通过采取女权主义的自下而上的方法,我们揭示了本土主义、反女权主义和反环保主义的态度是如何在西欧聚集的。我们的结果显示,大约30%的选民偏离了GAL-TAN的逻辑,相当多的公民将强烈的本土主义与支持性别平等或温和的本土主义和反女权主义结合在一起。此外,我们估计了对RWP政党的支持,并表明本土主义是支持RWP精英的核心,反环保主义可以提供额外的选票奖励。然而,我们的分析表明,人们政治意识形态中的(反)女权主义和本土主义元素包含了更复杂的纠缠:反女权主义的本土主义选民和女性主义选民都被RWP政党所吸引。这些结果表明,需要进行女权主义定量研究,以揭露可以动员起来支持RWP政党的反抗平均水平的少数群体。
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引用次数: 1
The Neo-Malthusian Reflex in Climate Politics: Technocratic, Right Wing and Feminist References 气候政治中的新马尔萨斯反射:技术官僚、右翼和女权主义参考
IF 0.7 4区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2021.1995847
Susanne Schultz
ABSTRACT A neo-Malthusian reflex can be observed in the climate debate: statistical calculations link climate change to world population growth and suggest strategies for birth control. The undead neo-Malthusian ghost is being revived, with its reference to the category of ‘population’ and its colonial-racist and social-Darwinist legacies. This article discusses this dangerous development, paying particular but not exclusive attention to German constellations, showing that the actors who strengthen this narrative range from ecological mainstream positions to those right-wing forces who do not deny climate change. However, some climate activist and feminist positions have also contributed by advocating a birth strike as a strategy for containing climate change. The article analyses three dimensions of neo-Malthusianism: the abstract statistical construction of an excess population; the historically deeply rooted racist and classist attribution of this excess to ‘others’; and the totalitarian visions of global ‘fertility’ management. The argument is that even if the racist and classist attributions are not directly addressed by the more progressive political actors, the three dimensions of neo-Malthusianism strongly flow together and reinforce each other. In conclusion, the text takes up anti-Malthusian feminist perspectives which place a special emphasis on the concept of reproductive justice.
在气候辩论中可以观察到一种新马尔萨斯反射:统计计算将气候变化与世界人口增长联系起来,并提出了控制生育的策略。不死的新马尔萨斯主义幽灵正在复活,它涉及到“人口”的范畴及其殖民种族主义和社会达尔文主义的遗产。本文讨论了这一危险的发展,特别关注但并非只关注德国星座,表明强化这一叙事的行动者包括从生态主流立场到那些不否认气候变化的右翼势力。然而,一些气候活动家和女权主义者的立场也做出了贡献,他们主张将生育罢工作为遏制气候变化的策略。本文分析了新马尔萨斯主义的三个维度:人口过剩的抽象统计建构;历史上根深蒂固的种族主义和阶级主义将这种过剩归因于“他人”;以及全球“生育”管理的极权主义愿景。论点是,即使更进步的政治行动者没有直接解决种族主义和阶级主义的归因,新马尔萨斯主义的三个维度也会紧密地联系在一起,相互加强。最后,本文采用了反马尔萨斯主义的女权主义观点,特别强调生殖正义的概念。
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引用次数: 4
Greta Thunberg is ‘giving a face’ to Climate Activism: Confronting Anti-Feminist, Anti-Environmentalist, and Ableist Memes Greta Thunberg正在给气候行动主义“一张脸”:面对反女权主义者,反环保主义者和Ableist米姆
IF 0.7 4区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2022.2062667
Michele White
ABSTRACT Anti-feminists, anti-environmentalists, and ableists use memes of activist Greta Thunberg, especially representations of her face, to angrily depict her as irrational and a monster. Participants in these interlinked groups create straw versions of feminist activists and distinguish men’s purported rational development of civilisation from emotional girls, women, and nature. Individuals perform such contemptuous operations, as I argue throughout this article, by misrepresenting Thunberg’s climate and feminist platform and shifting the debate from her environmental advocacy to her embodiment and emotions. I closely read these texts and employ academic literature on anti-feminisms, straw arguments, and straw feminisms to suggest how anti-feminists render simplified figurations. Given my consideration of how anti-feminist, anti-environmentalist, and ableist positions are enmeshed in dismissing Thunberg’s activism and physiognomy, I also outline environmental scholarship that addresses gender and disability studies literature on Asperger syndrome and enfreakment. These are complicated critical gestures, but they are necessary since the over 3,000 memes that I studied, and the associated politics, function by simultaneously dismissing girls, women, feminism, the environment, and people with disabilities. Such an analysis of online texts is pressing since anti-feminisms are designed to disqualify feminist thinking about oppression and the vitality of feminist dialogues with related political movements.
摘要:反女权主义者、反环保主义者和能人利用活动家格蕾塔·桑伯格的表情包,尤其是她的脸,愤怒地将她描绘成非理性和怪物。这些相互关联的团体的参与者创造了女权主义活动家的稻草版本,并将男性所谓的文明理性发展与情感女孩、女性和自然区分开来。正如我在整篇文章中所说,个人通过歪曲桑伯格的气候和女权主义纲领,并将辩论从她的环境倡导转移到她的化身和情感,进行了这种轻蔑的操作。我仔细阅读了这些文本,并使用了关于反女权主义、稻草论点和稻草女权主义的学术文献来建议反女权主义者如何简化形象。考虑到我对反女权主义、反环保主义和能人主义立场如何与驳回桑伯格的激进主义和相术相结合的思考,我还概述了环境学术,该学术涉及关于阿斯伯格综合症和儿童崩溃的性别和残疾研究文献。这些都是复杂的批评姿态,但它们是必要的,因为我研究的3000多个模因以及相关的政治,通过同时解雇女孩、妇女、女权主义、环境和残疾人来发挥作用。对网络文本进行这样的分析是紧迫的,因为反女权主义旨在取消女权主义对压迫的思考,以及女权主义与相关政治运动对话的活力。
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引用次数: 2
The Pachamama in the Vatican Garden: Integral Ecology, Climate Change, and Conservatism in the Pan-Amazon Synod 梵蒂冈花园中的Pachamama:泛亚马逊会议中的整体生态、气候变化和保守主义
IF 0.7 4区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2022.2062670
Lisset Coba, M. Moreno
ABSTRACT In the encyclical Laudato Si’, Pope Francis proposes Integral Ecology as the moral basis for defending the biosphere in light of capitalist ambition. At the same time, he defines the monogamous and heterosexual family as foundational to nature and life. These conceptions are disputed by the faithful of the Church in Amazonia, a region where religious missions have played a key role since colonial times. We use the Pan-Amazon Synod (2019) to explore the debates/rituals around concepts of life within and around the Church. We follow the concurrences and contradictions between the Pope, conservative clergy, local missions, feminist theologists, and women indigenous leaders demanding political positions from the Church. From an ecofeminist and decolonial perspective, we propose that Integral Ecology, taken as a progressive position regarding environmental issues, ends up being a Trojan Horse that reinforces anti-feminist and pro-life agendas.
摘要教皇方济各在通谕《Laudato Si’》中提出,从资本主义的野心出发,将整体生态学作为保护生物圈的道德基础。同时,他将一夫一妻制和异性恋家庭定义为自然和生活的基础。亚马逊地区的教会信徒对这些概念存在争议,自殖民时代以来,该地区的宗教使团一直发挥着关键作用。我们使用泛亚马逊会议(2019)来探索教会内部和周围围绕生活概念的辩论/仪式。我们关注教皇、保守派神职人员、地方使团、女权主义神学家和要求教会采取政治立场的女性土著领导人之间的一致和矛盾。从生态女权主义和非殖民化的角度来看,我们认为,整体生态学作为一种在环境问题上的进步立场,最终会成为强化反女权主义和反生命议程的特洛伊木马。
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引用次数: 0
A Climate of Misogyny: Gender, Politics of Ignorance, and Climate Change Denial – An Interview with Katharine Hayhoe 厌女症的气候:性别、无知的政治和否认气候变化——凯瑟琳·海霍专访
IF 0.7 4区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2022.2056873
Sophie Bjork‐James, Josef Barla
ABSTRACT In this interview, climate scientist Katharine Hayhoe discusses with Sophie Bjork-James and Josef Barla: the issue of gender inequality in the natural sciences; the toxic entanglement of right-wing extremism, sexism and anti-science rhetoric in discourses on climate change; the far-reaching institutional and social consequences of the Trump administration’s attacks on climate science research and advocacy; as well as the politics of ignorance and promising ways to rebuild trust in shared values and a shared world in the face of multiple planetary crises and challenges from climate change to biodiversity loss to the rise of far-right extremism.
摘要在本次采访中,气候科学家Katharine Hayhoe与Sophie Bjork James和Josef Barla讨论了自然科学中的性别不平等问题;右翼极端主义、性别歧视和反科学言论在气候变化话语中的有毒纠缠;特朗普政府攻击气候科学研究和倡导的深远制度和社会后果;以及无知政治,以及在气候变化、生物多样性丧失和极右翼极端主义兴起等多重全球危机和挑战面前,重建对共同价值观和共同世界的信任的有希望的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Dead White men vs. Greta Thunberg: Nationalism, Misogyny, and Climate Change Denial in Swedish far-right Digital Media 死亡白人vs. Greta Thunberg:瑞典极右翼数字媒体中的民族主义、厌女症和否认气候变化
IF 0.7 4区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2022.2062669
Kjell Vowles, Martin Hultman
ABSTRACT In the autumn of 2018 Greta Thunberg started her school strike. Soon she and the Fridays For Future-movement rose to world-fame, stirring a backlash laying bare the intrinsic climate change denial of Swedish far-right digital media. These outlets had previously been almost silent on climate change, but in 2019, four of the ten most read articles on the site Samhällsnytt were about Thunberg, all of them discrediting the movement and spreading doubt about climate science. Using the conceptualisation of industrial/breadwinner masculinities as developed by Hultman and Pulé [2018. Ecological Masculinities: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Guidance. Routledge Studies in Gender and Environments. New York: Routledge], this article analyses what provoked this reaction. It explores how the hostility to Thunberg was constructed in far-right media discourse in the years 2018–2019, when she became a threat to an imagined industrial, homogenic and patriarchal community. Using conspiracy theories and historical tropes of irrational femininity, the far right was trying to protect the usually hidden environmental privileges, related to unequal carbon emissions and resource use, that Thunberg and her movement made visible.
2018年秋天,Greta Thunberg开始了她的学校罢工。很快,她和“星期五为未来”运动声名鹊起,激起了强烈反对,暴露了瑞典极右翼数字媒体否认气候变化的本质。这些媒体之前对气候变化几乎保持沉默,但在2019年,Samhällsnytt网站上阅读量最高的十篇文章中有四篇是关于滕伯格的,所有这些文章都诋毁了这一运动,并传播了对气候科学的怀疑。利用Hultman和pul[2018]提出的工业/养家糊口的男性气概概念。生态男子气概:理论基础与实践指导。劳特利奇性别与环境研究。纽约:劳特利奇出版社],本文分析了引发这种反应的原因。它探讨了在2018年至2019年期间,对滕伯格的敌意是如何在极右翼媒体话语中构建起来的,当时她成为了一个想象中的工业、同质和父权社区的威胁。利用阴谋论和非理性女性气质的历史隐喻,极右翼试图保护通常隐藏的环境特权,这些特权与不平等的碳排放和资源利用有关,滕伯格和她的运动让这些特权变得显而易见。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Australian Feminist Studies
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