Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1108/ijefm-07-2021-0063
Christian Dragin-Jensen, G. Kwiatkowski, Vilde Hannevik Lien, L. Ossowska, D. Janiszewska, Dariusz Kloskowski, M. Strzelecka
PurposeThis study highlights areas of key importance for building event resilience and provides best-practice industry examples that foster innovative, adaptable and transformative event environments, which are areas of high academic and managerial relevance in times of uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a multicase study research design that draws on interviews with the leaders of four event organizations in Denmark and Norway: (1) the Steinkjer Festival, (2) Run Alone Denmark, (3) FC Midtjylland and (4) the Bergen International Festival.FindingsThe events demonstrated the critical necessity of understanding innovation and its contribution to resilience in the event sector, particularly in times of uncertainty, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. These organizations achieved success by continuously fostering innovative environments before COVID-19 by being value-driven and customer-centric organizations. Digital technologies were not used as makeshift solutions but rather to enhance event attendees' experiential platforms and expand each event's business potential.Practical implicationsThe paper answers the call for event and festival research during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore the importance of understanding failure, crisis, innovation and recovery.Originality/valueThe paper's contributions to event management research are (1) adding to the ongoing discussion about building a resilient event sector in times of uncertainty, (2) screening how event organizers achieve innovation in their organizations and (3) providing insights on future requirements for events in a post-COVID world.
{"title":"Event innovation in times of uncertainty","authors":"Christian Dragin-Jensen, G. Kwiatkowski, Vilde Hannevik Lien, L. Ossowska, D. Janiszewska, Dariusz Kloskowski, M. Strzelecka","doi":"10.1108/ijefm-07-2021-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-07-2021-0063","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study highlights areas of key importance for building event resilience and provides best-practice industry examples that foster innovative, adaptable and transformative event environments, which are areas of high academic and managerial relevance in times of uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a multicase study research design that draws on interviews with the leaders of four event organizations in Denmark and Norway: (1) the Steinkjer Festival, (2) Run Alone Denmark, (3) FC Midtjylland and (4) the Bergen International Festival.FindingsThe events demonstrated the critical necessity of understanding innovation and its contribution to resilience in the event sector, particularly in times of uncertainty, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. These organizations achieved success by continuously fostering innovative environments before COVID-19 by being value-driven and customer-centric organizations. Digital technologies were not used as makeshift solutions but rather to enhance event attendees' experiential platforms and expand each event's business potential.Practical implicationsThe paper answers the call for event and festival research during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore the importance of understanding failure, crisis, innovation and recovery.Originality/valueThe paper's contributions to event management research are (1) adding to the ongoing discussion about building a resilient event sector in times of uncertainty, (2) screening how event organizers achieve innovation in their organizations and (3) providing insights on future requirements for events in a post-COVID world.","PeriodicalId":46446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Event and Festival Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48042027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.1108/ijefm-12-2021-0097
Trish Bradbury, Sam Bhattacharya
PurposeThis study aims to explore the efficacy of using sport-specific specialist multiple delivery partners (MDPs) contracted by the World Masters Games 2017 Limited (WMG2017) local organising committee (LOC) to deliver their event’s sport programme. Using the experiences and perspectives gained through this novel MDP approach, the objective of this research is to ascertain the benefits and challenges when using MDPs, propose recommendations and develop an MDP model to guide future event organisers who wish to engage MDPs.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory qualitative case study collected data via 23 semi-structured interviews, which were thematically analysed using NVivo11. Participants were purposively recruited from the 28 MDPs contracted by the LOC to deliver the Games sport programme and from the 7 LOC Executive Team members.FindingsInterviewees highly commend the use of MDPs and provide constructive but minimal advice for future event organisers. Findings indicate that contracting external specialists with the required capability is vital for success, as are open communication, tools and practices to aid consistency and flexibility to allow the MDPs to utilise their expertise.Originality/valueThere is little specific literature on using MDPs by any type or size of event. As this mode of delivery could become more popular, certainly in second-tier events like the WMG, this study provides recommendations for future event organisers through findings on the efficacy, benefits and challenges of employing MDPs to deliver an event.
{"title":"Employing multiple delivery partners: demonstrating success through an event case study","authors":"Trish Bradbury, Sam Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1108/ijefm-12-2021-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-12-2021-0097","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to explore the efficacy of using sport-specific specialist multiple delivery partners (MDPs) contracted by the World Masters Games 2017 Limited (WMG2017) local organising committee (LOC) to deliver their event’s sport programme. Using the experiences and perspectives gained through this novel MDP approach, the objective of this research is to ascertain the benefits and challenges when using MDPs, propose recommendations and develop an MDP model to guide future event organisers who wish to engage MDPs.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory qualitative case study collected data via 23 semi-structured interviews, which were thematically analysed using NVivo11. Participants were purposively recruited from the 28 MDPs contracted by the LOC to deliver the Games sport programme and from the 7 LOC Executive Team members.FindingsInterviewees highly commend the use of MDPs and provide constructive but minimal advice for future event organisers. Findings indicate that contracting external specialists with the required capability is vital for success, as are open communication, tools and practices to aid consistency and flexibility to allow the MDPs to utilise their expertise.Originality/valueThere is little specific literature on using MDPs by any type or size of event. As this mode of delivery could become more popular, certainly in second-tier events like the WMG, this study provides recommendations for future event organisers through findings on the efficacy, benefits and challenges of employing MDPs to deliver an event.","PeriodicalId":46446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Event and Festival Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47992003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.1108/ijefm-07-2021-0060
Adrian Bossey
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider perceptions of sustainability, information communication technologies (ICTs)-enhanced performances, authenticity, COVID-19 and performance futures in relation to digital content for use on-site and off-site at music festivals/events. It responds to the UN Sustainable Development Goal 9 – Industries, Innovation and Infrastructure. The research analyses existing literature to inform a dialogue among music festival organisers, consultants and performers. It addresses the thesis that: industry gatekeepers’ opinions on the authenticity of environmentally sound ICT-generated live content will influence its adoption at music festivals.Design/methodology/approachPrimary research was carried out using purposive sampling of 50 live music industry professionals to collect and interpret expert empirical evidence through informed narrative. Using a mixed-methods approach, respondents completed a structured e-mail questionnaire comprising closed questions, a five-point Likert scale and additional qualitative open questions.FindingsPredominantly positive quantitative responses relating to the live music industry's role in advocating sustainability contrasted with negative responses to virtual festivals. Responses adopting and rejecting environmentally sound ICT for live content were evident in qualitative results, with significant proportions of undecided or uncertain respondents. The prevalence of postponement and rejection responses around authenticity may prevent adoption at some music festivals.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this research include the relatively small sample size and limited scope in terms of the artform.Originality/valueThe “snapshot” of digital aspects of sustainability at music festivals within this research is of particular value due to the paucity of research in this area, rapid change in virtual music festival provision prompted by COVID-19 and its narrative from varied industry professionals. The paper makes recommendations to artists, music festival organisers, consultants, academics and public funders to attempt to advance sustainability.
{"title":"Gatekeeper perceptions on adopting environmentally sound information and communication technology-enhanced live performances to improve the sustainability of music festivals","authors":"Adrian Bossey","doi":"10.1108/ijefm-07-2021-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-07-2021-0060","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider perceptions of sustainability, information communication technologies (ICTs)-enhanced performances, authenticity, COVID-19 and performance futures in relation to digital content for use on-site and off-site at music festivals/events. It responds to the UN Sustainable Development Goal 9 – Industries, Innovation and Infrastructure. The research analyses existing literature to inform a dialogue among music festival organisers, consultants and performers. It addresses the thesis that: industry gatekeepers’ opinions on the authenticity of environmentally sound ICT-generated live content will influence its adoption at music festivals.Design/methodology/approachPrimary research was carried out using purposive sampling of 50 live music industry professionals to collect and interpret expert empirical evidence through informed narrative. Using a mixed-methods approach, respondents completed a structured e-mail questionnaire comprising closed questions, a five-point Likert scale and additional qualitative open questions.FindingsPredominantly positive quantitative responses relating to the live music industry's role in advocating sustainability contrasted with negative responses to virtual festivals. Responses adopting and rejecting environmentally sound ICT for live content were evident in qualitative results, with significant proportions of undecided or uncertain respondents. The prevalence of postponement and rejection responses around authenticity may prevent adoption at some music festivals.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this research include the relatively small sample size and limited scope in terms of the artform.Originality/valueThe “snapshot” of digital aspects of sustainability at music festivals within this research is of particular value due to the paucity of research in this area, rapid change in virtual music festival provision prompted by COVID-19 and its narrative from varied industry professionals. The paper makes recommendations to artists, music festival organisers, consultants, academics and public funders to attempt to advance sustainability.","PeriodicalId":46446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Event and Festival Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45165641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.1108/ijefm-09-2021-0072
T. Gyepi-Garbrah, Alexander Preko
PurposeParagliding festivals have become significant events in the global tourism space, attracting tourists to local and international destinations. The purpose of this study was to assess environmental attitudes and rate the performance of the paragliding festival of the Kwahu traditional area in Ghana, from the perspectives of four stakeholder groups.Design/methodology/approachThis study was grounded on the salient stakeholder theory. A quantitative cross-sectional study, with a convenience sampling approach, collected 372 useable questionnaires from four major stakeholders/participants (i.e. Kwahu residents, Kwahu returnees, non-Kwahu Ghanaian tourists and foreigners). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe findings of the Games-Howell post-hoc test show no significant differences among the four stakeholder groups in the festival performance assessment. However, there is a significant statistical difference between the Kwahu residents and foreign tourists regarding environmental attitudes towards the paragliding festival.Practical implicationsVisitors' perceptions and experiences of the environmental performance could inform the planning and execution of festive events that have a direct impact on the natural environment. Policymakers at the community levels must enact environmental protocols that uphold the value propositions of the stakeholders and that of the community at large.Originality/valueThe study expands the application of the salience stakeholder model within festival tourism by highlighting under-represented stakeholder voices in a single study on paragliding festivals in a developing country context.
{"title":"Paragliding festival: understanding stakeholder perception of environmental attitudes and tourism performance","authors":"T. Gyepi-Garbrah, Alexander Preko","doi":"10.1108/ijefm-09-2021-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-09-2021-0072","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeParagliding festivals have become significant events in the global tourism space, attracting tourists to local and international destinations. The purpose of this study was to assess environmental attitudes and rate the performance of the paragliding festival of the Kwahu traditional area in Ghana, from the perspectives of four stakeholder groups.Design/methodology/approachThis study was grounded on the salient stakeholder theory. A quantitative cross-sectional study, with a convenience sampling approach, collected 372 useable questionnaires from four major stakeholders/participants (i.e. Kwahu residents, Kwahu returnees, non-Kwahu Ghanaian tourists and foreigners). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe findings of the Games-Howell post-hoc test show no significant differences among the four stakeholder groups in the festival performance assessment. However, there is a significant statistical difference between the Kwahu residents and foreign tourists regarding environmental attitudes towards the paragliding festival.Practical implicationsVisitors' perceptions and experiences of the environmental performance could inform the planning and execution of festive events that have a direct impact on the natural environment. Policymakers at the community levels must enact environmental protocols that uphold the value propositions of the stakeholders and that of the community at large.Originality/valueThe study expands the application of the salience stakeholder model within festival tourism by highlighting under-represented stakeholder voices in a single study on paragliding festivals in a developing country context.","PeriodicalId":46446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Event and Festival Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45723500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1108/ijefm-08-2021-0066
K. Kusumawardani, Farida Komalasari, Felix Goenadhi
PurposeThis study aims to determine offline academic conference participation decision-making factors in the post-pandemic situation incorporating the safety measure as one of the factors.Design/methodology/approachThis study provides a new model for examining the factors influencing academic conference participation using a quantitative approach. The responses of 110 academicians were collected and statistically evaluated using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results show that safety measures implemented by the conference organiser lead to trust and result in the decision to participate in the offline conference. Besides, conference factors also play a crucial role in determining the participation of academic conferences.Research limitations/implicationsThe information was gathered from 110 replies, and to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence academic conference participation, a bigger sample size would be required.Practical implicationsThe study's findings shed light on the components that affect academicians' decision to attend an offline conference which is critical for conference organisers, hotels and the meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) business.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that seeks to predict factors influencing academicians to participate in an offline academic conference in a post-pandemic setting by incorporating variables such as safety measures and trust.
{"title":"Predicting the determinants of academic conference participation decision-making in the post-pandemic situation: the case of Indonesia","authors":"K. Kusumawardani, Farida Komalasari, Felix Goenadhi","doi":"10.1108/ijefm-08-2021-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-08-2021-0066","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to determine offline academic conference participation decision-making factors in the post-pandemic situation incorporating the safety measure as one of the factors.Design/methodology/approachThis study provides a new model for examining the factors influencing academic conference participation using a quantitative approach. The responses of 110 academicians were collected and statistically evaluated using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results show that safety measures implemented by the conference organiser lead to trust and result in the decision to participate in the offline conference. Besides, conference factors also play a crucial role in determining the participation of academic conferences.Research limitations/implicationsThe information was gathered from 110 replies, and to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence academic conference participation, a bigger sample size would be required.Practical implicationsThe study's findings shed light on the components that affect academicians' decision to attend an offline conference which is critical for conference organisers, hotels and the meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) business.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that seeks to predict factors influencing academicians to participate in an offline academic conference in a post-pandemic setting by incorporating variables such as safety measures and trust.","PeriodicalId":46446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Event and Festival Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49035381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.1108/ijefm-07-2021-0062
M. Rivera, V. Shapoval, K. Semrad, Marcos Medeiros
PurposeThe study investigates how cultural festival attendees’ familiarity and involvement may influence their overall satisfaction and future behavioral intentions towards the festival.Design/methodology/approachA path analysis is used to test the proposed model. The Sobel test is performed to determine the mediating role of attendee satisfaction on future behavioral intentions.FindingsAttendee familiarity positively and directly impacts attendee involvement. Attendee satisfaction mediates the relationship between involvement and intention to return to the festival. The findings did not demonstrate a relationship between attendee involvement and intention to recommend the cultural festival. Attendees’ intention to return to the festival positively and directly impacts intention to recommend the festival.Practical implicationsFor repeat cultural festival attendees, satisfaction is influenced by festival familiarity and involvement. As attendees become more satisfied with their festival involvement, their decision to return to the festival increases. The mediation effect of satisfaction indicates that this should be a priority, as it fully mediates the relationships. However, this is not the case as it relates to the intentions to recommend the festival.Originality/valueThe study contributes to literature on the impact of familiarity and involvement on repeat attendee satisfaction levels and how these relationships influence attendees’ decisions to return or recommend the festival. It is one of the first studies that investigates actual behavior of festival attendees, specifically in the context of an African-American cultural festival.
{"title":"Familiarity, involvement, satisfaction and behavioral intentions: the case of an African-American cultural festival","authors":"M. Rivera, V. Shapoval, K. Semrad, Marcos Medeiros","doi":"10.1108/ijefm-07-2021-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-07-2021-0062","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe study investigates how cultural festival attendees’ familiarity and involvement may influence their overall satisfaction and future behavioral intentions towards the festival.Design/methodology/approachA path analysis is used to test the proposed model. The Sobel test is performed to determine the mediating role of attendee satisfaction on future behavioral intentions.FindingsAttendee familiarity positively and directly impacts attendee involvement. Attendee satisfaction mediates the relationship between involvement and intention to return to the festival. The findings did not demonstrate a relationship between attendee involvement and intention to recommend the cultural festival. Attendees’ intention to return to the festival positively and directly impacts intention to recommend the festival.Practical implicationsFor repeat cultural festival attendees, satisfaction is influenced by festival familiarity and involvement. As attendees become more satisfied with their festival involvement, their decision to return to the festival increases. The mediation effect of satisfaction indicates that this should be a priority, as it fully mediates the relationships. However, this is not the case as it relates to the intentions to recommend the festival.Originality/valueThe study contributes to literature on the impact of familiarity and involvement on repeat attendee satisfaction levels and how these relationships influence attendees’ decisions to return or recommend the festival. It is one of the first studies that investigates actual behavior of festival attendees, specifically in the context of an African-American cultural festival.","PeriodicalId":46446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Event and Festival Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44836824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1108/ijefm-10-2021-0078
Yiping Li, Chammy Lau
PurposeThis study aims to investigate two festivals that are held annually in Hong Kong, to explore the essence of festival meanings – the extent to which the perceived sociocultural benefits of festivals articulate the production of a sense of place (SOP) and its respective locality.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilises a comparative analysis approach to examine visitors’ views of the festivals. It constructs a theoretical framework of the interaction mechanism between tourism and place evolution by relying largely on the notion of place as the centre of meanings. Data sources include interview, questionnaire, observation and a literature review.FindingsThe findings suggest festival meanings are crucial elements in fostering SOP and shaping the identification of place uniqueness. Being part of local tradition and tourism resource, festival representations are not only passive reflections of prevailing cultural values drawn from current stereotypes and images, but they also play a prominent role in shaping values, behaviours and identities by contributing to the socialisation process. Cultural regeneration through festivals may ultimately contribute to the ontological construction of a place.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the unknown profile of the participants to both festivals, this study employed a convenience sampling method which might have limited the power of generalising the research outcome to other festivals. Besides, this study overlooked the potential differences (or lack of difference) in perceptions of the local residents who visited both festivals for the first time and other residents. Future studies may consider other aspects of festivals and place conceptions widely used in the tourism research field, to validate whether additional insights or hidden festival-to-place relationships can be found in the process of hosting and promoting festivals.Originality/valueThe existing studies of tourism–place relationship, especially those repelling scientific-positivist methodological paradigm, tend to overemphasise the role of tourism in unmaking places. In contrast, the interrogation of island festivals as the centre of meaning offers an alternative perspective to highlight the process that tourism dialectically contributes to place evolution. Tourism unmakes places while possessing a dialectic role of making places.
{"title":"Making or remaking people and places through festivals: an island tourism perspective","authors":"Yiping Li, Chammy Lau","doi":"10.1108/ijefm-10-2021-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-10-2021-0078","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to investigate two festivals that are held annually in Hong Kong, to explore the essence of festival meanings – the extent to which the perceived sociocultural benefits of festivals articulate the production of a sense of place (SOP) and its respective locality.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilises a comparative analysis approach to examine visitors’ views of the festivals. It constructs a theoretical framework of the interaction mechanism between tourism and place evolution by relying largely on the notion of place as the centre of meanings. Data sources include interview, questionnaire, observation and a literature review.FindingsThe findings suggest festival meanings are crucial elements in fostering SOP and shaping the identification of place uniqueness. Being part of local tradition and tourism resource, festival representations are not only passive reflections of prevailing cultural values drawn from current stereotypes and images, but they also play a prominent role in shaping values, behaviours and identities by contributing to the socialisation process. Cultural regeneration through festivals may ultimately contribute to the ontological construction of a place.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the unknown profile of the participants to both festivals, this study employed a convenience sampling method which might have limited the power of generalising the research outcome to other festivals. Besides, this study overlooked the potential differences (or lack of difference) in perceptions of the local residents who visited both festivals for the first time and other residents. Future studies may consider other aspects of festivals and place conceptions widely used in the tourism research field, to validate whether additional insights or hidden festival-to-place relationships can be found in the process of hosting and promoting festivals.Originality/valueThe existing studies of tourism–place relationship, especially those repelling scientific-positivist methodological paradigm, tend to overemphasise the role of tourism in unmaking places. In contrast, the interrogation of island festivals as the centre of meaning offers an alternative perspective to highlight the process that tourism dialectically contributes to place evolution. Tourism unmakes places while possessing a dialectic role of making places.","PeriodicalId":46446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Event and Festival Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45133291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.1108/ijefm-11-2021-0085
Martin MacCarthy, Ashlee Morgan, Claire Lambert
PurposeThis study aims to consolidate and hone existing spectating and crowd theory. This is achieved by marrying socio-cultural ideas and concepts from related disciplines.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual review examines what people do when they congregate at an event, and in doing so, answers the question of what they forgo when denied a crowd. Concepts are teased from the literature as to what happens during participatory congregation (in company, in situ), punctuated by relegation without it.FindingsRelated concepts are organised into a typology. The metamodel is the essence of the paper and includes four themes: (1) identity construction, (2) interacting with others, (3) producing and co-producing the event and (4) the allure of tribalism.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is conceptual and therefore a typology (not a taxonomy). This implies that while it is likely transferable, it is not generalisable. It is manual and subjective, as opposed to objective and automatic. Notwithstanding future research implications, it is intended to inform those considering running virtual events.Practical implicationsEvent organisers are informed as to the “what” and “why” of running community events. It encourages a more circumspect, humanistic view that events are not merely a source of revenue.Social implicationsThis review contributes a macro understanding of human nature, complementing a micro understanding of crowd behaviour.Originality/valueVirtual event management is a relatively new and burgeoning field. Prior to the Pandemic an event without a crowd was almost inconceivable.
{"title":"Congregating as a social phenomenon; the social glue that binds","authors":"Martin MacCarthy, Ashlee Morgan, Claire Lambert","doi":"10.1108/ijefm-11-2021-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-11-2021-0085","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to consolidate and hone existing spectating and crowd theory. This is achieved by marrying socio-cultural ideas and concepts from related disciplines.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual review examines what people do when they congregate at an event, and in doing so, answers the question of what they forgo when denied a crowd. Concepts are teased from the literature as to what happens during participatory congregation (in company, in situ), punctuated by relegation without it.FindingsRelated concepts are organised into a typology. The metamodel is the essence of the paper and includes four themes: (1) identity construction, (2) interacting with others, (3) producing and co-producing the event and (4) the allure of tribalism.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is conceptual and therefore a typology (not a taxonomy). This implies that while it is likely transferable, it is not generalisable. It is manual and subjective, as opposed to objective and automatic. Notwithstanding future research implications, it is intended to inform those considering running virtual events.Practical implicationsEvent organisers are informed as to the “what” and “why” of running community events. It encourages a more circumspect, humanistic view that events are not merely a source of revenue.Social implicationsThis review contributes a macro understanding of human nature, complementing a micro understanding of crowd behaviour.Originality/valueVirtual event management is a relatively new and burgeoning field. Prior to the Pandemic an event without a crowd was almost inconceivable.","PeriodicalId":46446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Event and Festival Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48119760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1108/ijefm-06-2021-0053
Martin Wallstam
PurposeThis paper explores event value from the perspective of policy stakeholders and discusses potential implications of this stakeholder group's perceptions of value on event policy, event evaluation and the public discourse on the value of events.Design/methodology/approachA thematic analysis is employed to analyze nine interviews from respondents who were deemed to fit the study criteria in the case of Östersund, Sweden.FindingsFindings indicate that value is portrayed in largely economic terms or in proxy-economic terms even though the respondents expressed awareness and concern for social aspects of value. Moreover, the article highlights the glaring omission of the relationship between policy stakeholders and the nature of evaluation efforts in the industry and academia.Originality/valueThe article addresses a still somewhat unexplored dynamics between influential policy stakeholders and how events are regarded in terms of their potential contribution to community development. To what degree does the way the events sector and the general public value events emanate from the way events have been instrumentalized in policy throughout history?
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Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1108/ijefm-12-2020-0082
K. Alvarado
PurposeThis investigation aims to critically assess accessibility for persons with disabilities (PWDs) at music festivals in the UK.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of the literature was conducted, followed by a case study focused on analysing accessible facilities and services offered at Glastonbury, Creamfields, Latitudes and Bestival Festivals. These two research strategies made use of secondary data only.FindingsBased on the analysis of the needs of PWDs when attending a music festival and the facilities and services currently offered at the four UK music festivals studied in this research, three themes emerged: (1) insufficient attention is given to venue and site design characteristics, (2) current access booking tools appear to be confusing and bureaucratic and (3) staff awareness is of great concern among PWDs because employees do not have sufficient knowledge about the different types of disabilities and their individual needs.Practical implicationsBy identifying current barriers affecting the experience of PWDs while attending music festivals in the UK, this research guides festival managers to deliver a more accessible music festival experience by suggesting the implementation of new approaches in terms of services and physical spaces provided.Originality/valueThis paper provides festival managers and future researchers with an essential foundation for creating more inclusive music festivals since it mentions critical factors that are currently missing and that can ensure success when responding to PWDs' needs and desires. The information in this investigation can be taken as an initial point to develop a theoretical framework through primary research focused on accessible festival design.
{"title":"Accessibility of music festivals: a British perspective","authors":"K. Alvarado","doi":"10.1108/ijefm-12-2020-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-12-2020-0082","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis investigation aims to critically assess accessibility for persons with disabilities (PWDs) at music festivals in the UK.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of the literature was conducted, followed by a case study focused on analysing accessible facilities and services offered at Glastonbury, Creamfields, Latitudes and Bestival Festivals. These two research strategies made use of secondary data only.FindingsBased on the analysis of the needs of PWDs when attending a music festival and the facilities and services currently offered at the four UK music festivals studied in this research, three themes emerged: (1) insufficient attention is given to venue and site design characteristics, (2) current access booking tools appear to be confusing and bureaucratic and (3) staff awareness is of great concern among PWDs because employees do not have sufficient knowledge about the different types of disabilities and their individual needs.Practical implicationsBy identifying current barriers affecting the experience of PWDs while attending music festivals in the UK, this research guides festival managers to deliver a more accessible music festival experience by suggesting the implementation of new approaches in terms of services and physical spaces provided.Originality/valueThis paper provides festival managers and future researchers with an essential foundation for creating more inclusive music festivals since it mentions critical factors that are currently missing and that can ensure success when responding to PWDs' needs and desires. The information in this investigation can be taken as an initial point to develop a theoretical framework through primary research focused on accessible festival design.","PeriodicalId":46446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Event and Festival Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44573704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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