Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2021.1922324
Renee Andrea B. Arellano, K. Jandoc, Ysabel Anne G. Ramos
Abstract This study uses the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) data set and Cox proportional hazards models to determine whether factors relating to mothers’ status and autonomy, as well as other parenting and socioeconomic/sociodemographic variables, are associated with the early onset of children’s risky behaviors, namely smoking and drinking alcohol. We find that the women empowerment variables, especially those that have direct bearing on the mother–child relationship, have a significant effect in delaying or hastening the onset of risky behavior. Those factors that compete for the time spent in parenting, such as the mother working, hastens their children’s initiation into these risky habits. On the other hand, mothers’ involvement in household decision-making delays smoking in females.
{"title":"Do Mothers’ Status, Autonomy, and Parenting Style Influence Their Children’s Initiation Into Smoking and Alcohol Use?","authors":"Renee Andrea B. Arellano, K. Jandoc, Ysabel Anne G. Ramos","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2021.1922324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2021.1922324","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study uses the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) data set and Cox proportional hazards models to determine whether factors relating to mothers’ status and autonomy, as well as other parenting and socioeconomic/sociodemographic variables, are associated with the early onset of children’s risky behaviors, namely smoking and drinking alcohol. We find that the women empowerment variables, especially those that have direct bearing on the mother–child relationship, have a significant effect in delaying or hastening the onset of risky behavior. Those factors that compete for the time spent in parenting, such as the mother working, hastens their children’s initiation into these risky habits. On the other hand, mothers’ involvement in household decision-making delays smoking in females.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2021.1922324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46906215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2021.1907265
Paula J. Fite, K. Díaz, Rachel L. Doyle
Abstract This study examined whether behavioral dysregulation moderated associations between individual contextual factors (i.e. psychological control, peer delinquency, peer victimization, and negative life events) and the past 30-day frequency of specific substance use (i.e. tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, e-cigarettes, and prescription drugs) in a sample of recently detained youth. Patterns of associations varied among substances, with peer delinquency being the contextual risk factor most robustly associated with the frequency of various substances. Behavioral dysregulation did not moderate these associations, with the exception of psychological control; psychological control was only positively associated with prescription drug use when levels of behavioral dysregulation were low.
{"title":"Does Behavioral Dysregulation Moderate the Links Between Contextual Factors and Substance Use Among Detained Youth?","authors":"Paula J. Fite, K. Díaz, Rachel L. Doyle","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2021.1907265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2021.1907265","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examined whether behavioral dysregulation moderated associations between individual contextual factors (i.e. psychological control, peer delinquency, peer victimization, and negative life events) and the past 30-day frequency of specific substance use (i.e. tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, e-cigarettes, and prescription drugs) in a sample of recently detained youth. Patterns of associations varied among substances, with peer delinquency being the contextual risk factor most robustly associated with the frequency of various substances. Behavioral dysregulation did not moderate these associations, with the exception of psychological control; psychological control was only positively associated with prescription drug use when levels of behavioral dysregulation were low.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2021.1907265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49247225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2021.1873880
C. C. Lowe, J. Stogner, B. Miller
Abstract Objective To provide an updated profile of school-aged synthetic cannabinoid users in the U.S. by examining the factors associated with synthetic cannabinoid (SC) use. Methods Data from the 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YBRS)—a nationally-representative survey of high school youths in the U.S.—is analyzed using bivariate analyses and logistic regression models to examine the factors associated with lifetime, experimental, and persistent synthetic cannabinoid use. Results 8.0% of respondents reported any SC use; however, fewer than half of these users (3.6% of the sample) reported use three or more times. Older youths, males, and lesbian, gay and bisexual youths are more likely to report both lifetime and persistent use. Asian youths are less likely to report ever using SC than White and African American youths, while Hispanic youths are more likely to report lifetime and persistent use. Poor academic performance and using other substances are positively associated with lifetime and persistent use. Conclusions Researchers should continue to examine the factors associated with SC use, particularly the influence of age and sexual orientation, as well as patterns of continuation and desistance over time. Policy makers and practitioners should target at-risk groups with evidence-based substance use prevention programs and practices, and they should continue to raise awareness regarding the legal, medical, and social risks associated with SC use.
{"title":"Spice Use among Adolescents in the United States: A National Profile of Synthetic Cannabinoid Users","authors":"C. C. Lowe, J. Stogner, B. Miller","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2021.1873880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2021.1873880","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective To provide an updated profile of school-aged synthetic cannabinoid users in the U.S. by examining the factors associated with synthetic cannabinoid (SC) use. Methods Data from the 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YBRS)—a nationally-representative survey of high school youths in the U.S.—is analyzed using bivariate analyses and logistic regression models to examine the factors associated with lifetime, experimental, and persistent synthetic cannabinoid use. Results 8.0% of respondents reported any SC use; however, fewer than half of these users (3.6% of the sample) reported use three or more times. Older youths, males, and lesbian, gay and bisexual youths are more likely to report both lifetime and persistent use. Asian youths are less likely to report ever using SC than White and African American youths, while Hispanic youths are more likely to report lifetime and persistent use. Poor academic performance and using other substances are positively associated with lifetime and persistent use. Conclusions Researchers should continue to examine the factors associated with SC use, particularly the influence of age and sexual orientation, as well as patterns of continuation and desistance over time. Policy makers and practitioners should target at-risk groups with evidence-based substance use prevention programs and practices, and they should continue to raise awareness regarding the legal, medical, and social risks associated with SC use.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2021.1873880","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43795845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2020.1843580
Margarita Villagrana, Sei-Young Lee
Abstract The current study sought to examine the comorbidity of substance misuse and a mental health problem among adolescents and young adults, aged 15–24. It also sought to examine racial/ethnic disparities in substance abuse treatment completion among non-Hispanic White, African American, and Hispanic youths with and without a psychiatric comorbidity. The 2014 Treatment Episode Data Set – Discharges (TEDS-D) was used (N = 207,578). Results show that 32.6% of youths entering substance abuse treatment had a psychiatric problem and only 34.8% of all youths completed treatment. Racial/ethnic disparities were found between youths with and without a psychiatric comorbidity in treatment completion.
{"title":"Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Treatment Completion for Youths with and without a Psychiatric Comorbidity","authors":"Margarita Villagrana, Sei-Young Lee","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2020.1843580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2020.1843580","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study sought to examine the comorbidity of substance misuse and a mental health problem among adolescents and young adults, aged 15–24. It also sought to examine racial/ethnic disparities in substance abuse treatment completion among non-Hispanic White, African American, and Hispanic youths with and without a psychiatric comorbidity. The 2014 Treatment Episode Data Set – Discharges (TEDS-D) was used (N = 207,578). Results show that 32.6% of youths entering substance abuse treatment had a psychiatric problem and only 34.8% of all youths completed treatment. Racial/ethnic disparities were found between youths with and without a psychiatric comorbidity in treatment completion.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2020.1843580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41617102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2021.1922323
Feng Jiang, Chuanyu Xie, Ning Zhang
Abstract Previous studies and reports of drug abuse cases in China indicate that college students’ perceptions and attitudes toward illegal drugs may have been greatly impacted by the changing social surroundings. However, little work has been done to assess empirically their willingness and perceptions of using drugs. This paper, therefore, focuses on examining the intention of college students’ drug using and its influential factors. It draws upon the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) which contains three constructs to predict intentions of a certain behavior, namely attitude, social norm and perceived control. Additionally, it explored whether prevention education may exert an influence on drug use intention. A survey was conducted among college students from 20 universities in Beijing with a self-report questionnaire. A total of 1,425 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that only 2.3% of the respondents reported they had intentions of using illegal drugs. Other main findings include that attitudes (measured by knowledge on drugs and harm perception) is a significant protective factor of college students’ drug use intention, while social norms (measured by invitation of others) and perceived control (weighted by visibility of drugs on campus) are the risk factors. The usability of the TPB has been generally testified in this paper, whereas the result on several items showed different feedbacks than prior studies. The study reveals significant correlations between drug use intention and prevention programs of specific organizers and forms. Based on these findings, possible explanations and policy recommendations are provided.
{"title":"Drug Use Intention and Associated Factors Among College Students: A Survey Conducted in Beijing","authors":"Feng Jiang, Chuanyu Xie, Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2021.1922323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2021.1922323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Previous studies and reports of drug abuse cases in China indicate that college students’ perceptions and attitudes toward illegal drugs may have been greatly impacted by the changing social surroundings. However, little work has been done to assess empirically their willingness and perceptions of using drugs. This paper, therefore, focuses on examining the intention of college students’ drug using and its influential factors. It draws upon the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) which contains three constructs to predict intentions of a certain behavior, namely attitude, social norm and perceived control. Additionally, it explored whether prevention education may exert an influence on drug use intention. A survey was conducted among college students from 20 universities in Beijing with a self-report questionnaire. A total of 1,425 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that only 2.3% of the respondents reported they had intentions of using illegal drugs. Other main findings include that attitudes (measured by knowledge on drugs and harm perception) is a significant protective factor of college students’ drug use intention, while social norms (measured by invitation of others) and perceived control (weighted by visibility of drugs on campus) are the risk factors. The usability of the TPB has been generally testified in this paper, whereas the result on several items showed different feedbacks than prior studies. The study reveals significant correlations between drug use intention and prevention programs of specific organizers and forms. Based on these findings, possible explanations and policy recommendations are provided.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2021.1922323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47914020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1792021
M. Mason, J. Coatsworth
Abstract Introduction Adolescent female tobacco users are more likely to have a depression disorder relative to tobacco using adolescent males. Less is known about how sex interacts with depression within the context of text-messaged delivered randomized controlled trials addressing tobacco use. Understanding the variation of treatment response based on sex and depression symptomatology would inform targeted, personalized adolescent tobacco use treatments. Methods To address this issue, a secondary data analysis was conducted from a text message-delivered clinical trial targeting 198 tobacco-using adolescents. The sample was 53% female and 91% African American with a mean age of 16.2. A three-way moderation analysis was used to determine if the treatment’s effect on tobacco use was moderated by depressive symptoms, which in turn, was moderated by sex. Results The analyses demonstrated that female adolescents were significantly more sensitive to the effects of depressive symptoms compared to male adolescents, such that those with elevated depressive symptoms did no better than controls on past 30-day tobacco use. However, for those females with fewer depressive symptoms, the treatment was effective in significantly reducing tobacco use. For males, treatment effects were not dependent on depressive symptoms. Conclusions These findings contribute to the clinical science on treatment response to text-delivered adolescent tobacco use interventions. Results support the need to provided targeted, individualized tobacco treatment that concurrently addresses depression for female adolescents.
{"title":"Adolescents’ Response to a Text Message-Delivered Tobacco Use Intervention by Depressive Symptoms and Sex","authors":"M. Mason, J. Coatsworth","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1792021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1792021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Adolescent female tobacco users are more likely to have a depression disorder relative to tobacco using adolescent males. Less is known about how sex interacts with depression within the context of text-messaged delivered randomized controlled trials addressing tobacco use. Understanding the variation of treatment response based on sex and depression symptomatology would inform targeted, personalized adolescent tobacco use treatments. Methods To address this issue, a secondary data analysis was conducted from a text message-delivered clinical trial targeting 198 tobacco-using adolescents. The sample was 53% female and 91% African American with a mean age of 16.2. A three-way moderation analysis was used to determine if the treatment’s effect on tobacco use was moderated by depressive symptoms, which in turn, was moderated by sex. Results The analyses demonstrated that female adolescents were significantly more sensitive to the effects of depressive symptoms compared to male adolescents, such that those with elevated depressive symptoms did no better than controls on past 30-day tobacco use. However, for those females with fewer depressive symptoms, the treatment was effective in significantly reducing tobacco use. For males, treatment effects were not dependent on depressive symptoms. Conclusions These findings contribute to the clinical science on treatment response to text-delivered adolescent tobacco use interventions. Results support the need to provided targeted, individualized tobacco treatment that concurrently addresses depression for female adolescents.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1792021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43321845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1805838
A. Gallop, BillyT . Chen, V. Gulati, Alicia A. Barnes
Abstract A 16 year old Caucasian male presented for initial mental health visit at an outpatient community psychiatry clinic. Two years prior, he found his father dead after overdosing on heroin. Since this time, he has been involved in numerous altercations with peers. He began using high doses of alprazolam daily after his father’s death. He adopted an urban culture and changed his body language, style of clothing and vernacular. His behavioral changes and substance use after his father’s death is due to psychological, sociological and biological factors, which are explored in this case report. Psychosocial factors include peer and parental mimicry along with attachment styles and biological causes include epigenetics relationship to post traumatic stress disorder responses.
{"title":"Cultural Appropriation and Substance Use Disorder: A Case Report","authors":"A. Gallop, BillyT . Chen, V. Gulati, Alicia A. Barnes","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1805838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1805838","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 16 year old Caucasian male presented for initial mental health visit at an outpatient community psychiatry clinic. Two years prior, he found his father dead after overdosing on heroin. Since this time, he has been involved in numerous altercations with peers. He began using high doses of alprazolam daily after his father’s death. He adopted an urban culture and changed his body language, style of clothing and vernacular. His behavioral changes and substance use after his father’s death is due to psychological, sociological and biological factors, which are explored in this case report. Psychosocial factors include peer and parental mimicry along with attachment styles and biological causes include epigenetics relationship to post traumatic stress disorder responses.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1805838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41281488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1805839
Ł. Tomczyk, Arkadiusz Wąsiński
Abstract Risky behaviors, both online and offline, draw the attention of people who are engaged in education, namely parents, teachers, law enforcement representatives. This text joins the efforts to explain the relations between the Problematic Internet Use and offline risky behaviors. The main objective of the research was to present the co-occurrence of risk behaviors connected with taking psychoactive substances and dysfunctional use of the internet among adolescents. The research was conducted in Poland (N = 667 students of secondary and upper-secondary level schools aged 12–19) during September–October 2015. The following tools were applied: the risk behaviors in virtual space 2.0 scale; the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale; the diagnostic survey—youth and psychoactive substances. Risk behaviors and attitudes in students during taking psychoactive substances were compared with their behaviors evidencing dysfunctional use of the internet. The analysis of correlations between risk behaviors in the real and virtual space indicates strong co-occurrence of some aspects of using psychoactive substances and online activities that result in negative consequences. However, for most of the categories of experiences with psychoactive substances it is observable that individuals who do not engage in risk behaviors in reality are less prone to use the internet in a dysfunctional manner. As both worlds infiltrate, these explanations turn out to be of particular value for the redefinition of prevention of risky behaviors among the adolescents. Correlations between the offline and online space enforce the development of new prevention programs which would cover both spheres.
{"title":"Risk Behaviors among Youths in a Two-Aspect Approach: Using Psychoactive Substances and Problematic Using of Internet","authors":"Ł. Tomczyk, Arkadiusz Wąsiński","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1805839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1805839","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Risky behaviors, both online and offline, draw the attention of people who are engaged in education, namely parents, teachers, law enforcement representatives. This text joins the efforts to explain the relations between the Problematic Internet Use and offline risky behaviors. The main objective of the research was to present the co-occurrence of risk behaviors connected with taking psychoactive substances and dysfunctional use of the internet among adolescents. The research was conducted in Poland (N = 667 students of secondary and upper-secondary level schools aged 12–19) during September–October 2015. The following tools were applied: the risk behaviors in virtual space 2.0 scale; the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale; the diagnostic survey—youth and psychoactive substances. Risk behaviors and attitudes in students during taking psychoactive substances were compared with their behaviors evidencing dysfunctional use of the internet. The analysis of correlations between risk behaviors in the real and virtual space indicates strong co-occurrence of some aspects of using psychoactive substances and online activities that result in negative consequences. However, for most of the categories of experiences with psychoactive substances it is observable that individuals who do not engage in risk behaviors in reality are less prone to use the internet in a dysfunctional manner. As both worlds infiltrate, these explanations turn out to be of particular value for the redefinition of prevention of risky behaviors among the adolescents. Correlations between the offline and online space enforce the development of new prevention programs which would cover both spheres.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1805839","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42348503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1837322
Y. Kaminer, Rebecca H. Burke, J. Gill
Abstract Background Opioids and cocaine are the leading drugs for fatal drug intoxication (FDI). Manner of death may be accidental (i.e., unintentional); suicide (i.e., intentional), or undetermined. Difficulties of the medical examiner (ME) in confirming the manner of death by a standard investigation may result in underreporting of intentional FDI thus limiting efforts to identify, reduce, and prevent it. Objective Examine the rate of youth intentional and undetermined FDI and address the need for closing the gap in the determination of intentional FDI among youths by the addition of a psychological autopsy. Method Two hundred ninety-three (293) consecutive FDI case files from the State of Connecticut Office of the Chief Medical Examiner were reviewed. The case files were those of youths, 10 to 25 years of age, who died between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018. Results The annual intentional FDI rates among this group were between 3% and 5%. Undetermined manner of death rates were between 0% and 5% percent, while the remaining cases was reported as accidental. A majority of the FDI cases involved youths 20 to 25.11 years old, while a small percentage were among those ages 15 to 19.11 and none for 10 to 14.11. Male-to-female ratio was approximately 2:1 in all categories of FDI. Conclusion These low rates of intentional FDI among youths support the arguments regarding limitations in the procedures employed by a ME to determine intent. There is a need for an individual-level study of a multipronged approach to identify modifiable acute high-risk circumstances for intentional FDI, including a psychological autopsy.
{"title":"Determining Youth Intentional Fatal Drug Intoxication: The Case for a Psychological Autopsy to Complement the Medical Examiner’s Report","authors":"Y. Kaminer, Rebecca H. Burke, J. Gill","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1837322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1837322","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Opioids and cocaine are the leading drugs for fatal drug intoxication (FDI). Manner of death may be accidental (i.e., unintentional); suicide (i.e., intentional), or undetermined. Difficulties of the medical examiner (ME) in confirming the manner of death by a standard investigation may result in underreporting of intentional FDI thus limiting efforts to identify, reduce, and prevent it. Objective Examine the rate of youth intentional and undetermined FDI and address the need for closing the gap in the determination of intentional FDI among youths by the addition of a psychological autopsy. Method Two hundred ninety-three (293) consecutive FDI case files from the State of Connecticut Office of the Chief Medical Examiner were reviewed. The case files were those of youths, 10 to 25 years of age, who died between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018. Results The annual intentional FDI rates among this group were between 3% and 5%. Undetermined manner of death rates were between 0% and 5% percent, while the remaining cases was reported as accidental. A majority of the FDI cases involved youths 20 to 25.11 years old, while a small percentage were among those ages 15 to 19.11 and none for 10 to 14.11. Male-to-female ratio was approximately 2:1 in all categories of FDI. Conclusion These low rates of intentional FDI among youths support the arguments regarding limitations in the procedures employed by a ME to determine intent. There is a need for an individual-level study of a multipronged approach to identify modifiable acute high-risk circumstances for intentional FDI, including a psychological autopsy.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1837322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42131578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1837321
G. Cullen, David L. Walters, Carolyn Yule, William O’Grady
Abstract The role of the family, parenting behaviors, and parent-child relations continue to be a focal point for explaining deviant behavior. An area of research within this field that has been garnering increasing attention is the relationship between growing up in out-of-home care, health and well-being, and substance use. This study uses a sample of 1,170 youth from the Ontario Looking After Children (OnLAC) (AAR-C2-2016) project data to investigate the effects of placement type, placement disruption, behavioral characteristics, and parent-child relations on marijuana and alcohol use among a sample of youth preparing to emancipate from care. The results of multinomial logistic regression models indicate that unsupervised living placements, instability, low caregiver attachment, and self-control are all important factors that influence levels of substance use among this population. The policy implications associated with these findings are relevant to service providers and child welfare professionals as programs aimed toward youth successfully transitioning out of care remains a priority.
{"title":"Examining the Risk and Predictive Factors for Marijuana and Alcohol Use among Adolescent Youth in Out-of-Home Care","authors":"G. Cullen, David L. Walters, Carolyn Yule, William O’Grady","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1837321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1837321","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The role of the family, parenting behaviors, and parent-child relations continue to be a focal point for explaining deviant behavior. An area of research within this field that has been garnering increasing attention is the relationship between growing up in out-of-home care, health and well-being, and substance use. This study uses a sample of 1,170 youth from the Ontario Looking After Children (OnLAC) (AAR-C2-2016) project data to investigate the effects of placement type, placement disruption, behavioral characteristics, and parent-child relations on marijuana and alcohol use among a sample of youth preparing to emancipate from care. The results of multinomial logistic regression models indicate that unsupervised living placements, instability, low caregiver attachment, and self-control are all important factors that influence levels of substance use among this population. The policy implications associated with these findings are relevant to service providers and child welfare professionals as programs aimed toward youth successfully transitioning out of care remains a priority.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1837321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46190567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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