Pub Date : 2019-08-28DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789524
Esther M. Croese, J. V. Hoof
Abstract This study investigates the role of psychological problems among adolescents admitted to the hospital with alcohol intoxication. Overall, 108 underage adolescents who were treated for alcohol intoxication and their parents participated in the study. The results showed that incidences of psychological problems among these adolescents were no higher than among the population at large. Adolescents with psychological problems used more alcohol before intoxication compared to adolescents without these problems. Also, those with psychological indications, are more negative about their home situation and school performance, and they attribute their excessive alcohol consumption as a coping strategy to relief pain and sadness.
{"title":"Alcohol Intoxication and Psychological Problems Among Adolescents","authors":"Esther M. Croese, J. V. Hoof","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789524","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the role of psychological problems among adolescents admitted to the hospital with alcohol intoxication. Overall, 108 underage adolescents who were treated for alcohol intoxication and their parents participated in the study. The results showed that incidences of psychological problems among these adolescents were no higher than among the population at large. Adolescents with psychological problems used more alcohol before intoxication compared to adolescents without these problems. Also, those with psychological indications, are more negative about their home situation and school performance, and they attribute their excessive alcohol consumption as a coping strategy to relief pain and sadness.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789524","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44217776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-28DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789528
Payam Roshanfekr, S. Ghaffari, G. Shafiee, S. Karimi, M. Varmaghani, F. Sharifi, Mohammad Reza Masjedi
Abstract Background Secondhand smoking (SHS) is one of the important risk factors among non-communicable diseases and is responsible for more than 1% of the total burden of diseases among under five-year-old children. The prevalence of SHS among children has not been investigated both at national and provincial levels in Iran. This study was carried out to address this issue at national and provincial levels. Method: Iran’s Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS) in 2010 was a multi-stage stratified cluster-random cross-sectional nationwide study over all provinces with a sample representing general population at district levels of provinces. Analyses were performed on the data of the participants who were <10 years. Data were collected by 240 trained teams over 31 provinces of Iran using standard questionnaires. Two questions about being exposed to smoking through at least one household member and number of exposure days per week were asked of the participants. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression model were utilized to assess the associated factors with SHS among children. Results: Out of a total of 111,825 participants in IrMIDHS, 18,712 of the participants were under 10 years old. About 52.48% (50.82%–52.14%) were male and 61.42% (55.42%–67.11%) resided in urban regions. Crude prevalence of SHS at this age group at national levels was 25.51% (22.48%–28.93%). After age adjustment according to the World Health Organization (WHO) population, the prevalence of secondhand smoking (SHS) at the national level was 25.59% (22.56%–28.89%). There was no significant difference between male and female participants (25.70% versus 25.48% in male and female, respectively). The highest standardized prevalence of SHS was reported from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, West Azerbaijan, and Hamadan provinces (44.7%, 43.9%, and 39.1%, respectively). The lowest standardized prevalence belonged to Gilan (12.8%), Golestan (14.7%), and Ilam (14.8%) provinces. Concerning the duration of exposure to SHS, 77.8% of those with history of exposure to smoke reported everyday exposure. In the multivariable model, SHS was positively associated with residence in rural areas (odds ratio = 1.31; 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.51) and age (odds ratio = 1.15; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.28). Conclusion: SHS was relatively prevalent in 2010 among children <10 years of age in Iran. This rate was very different over the provinces. Although the prevalence of SHS among Iranian kids was found to be lower than its prevalence worldwide, through attention to easily preventable exposure to SHS along with proper legislation and cultural reforms, exposure to SHS could be markedly curbed and reduced.
{"title":"Domestic Exposure to Tobacco Smoke in Children <10 Years: Findings From Iran’s Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS-2010)","authors":"Payam Roshanfekr, S. Ghaffari, G. Shafiee, S. Karimi, M. Varmaghani, F. Sharifi, Mohammad Reza Masjedi","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789528","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Secondhand smoking (SHS) is one of the important risk factors among non-communicable diseases and is responsible for more than 1% of the total burden of diseases among under five-year-old children. The prevalence of SHS among children has not been investigated both at national and provincial levels in Iran. This study was carried out to address this issue at national and provincial levels. Method: Iran’s Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS) in 2010 was a multi-stage stratified cluster-random cross-sectional nationwide study over all provinces with a sample representing general population at district levels of provinces. Analyses were performed on the data of the participants who were <10 years. Data were collected by 240 trained teams over 31 provinces of Iran using standard questionnaires. Two questions about being exposed to smoking through at least one household member and number of exposure days per week were asked of the participants. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression model were utilized to assess the associated factors with SHS among children. Results: Out of a total of 111,825 participants in IrMIDHS, 18,712 of the participants were under 10 years old. About 52.48% (50.82%–52.14%) were male and 61.42% (55.42%–67.11%) resided in urban regions. Crude prevalence of SHS at this age group at national levels was 25.51% (22.48%–28.93%). After age adjustment according to the World Health Organization (WHO) population, the prevalence of secondhand smoking (SHS) at the national level was 25.59% (22.56%–28.89%). There was no significant difference between male and female participants (25.70% versus 25.48% in male and female, respectively). The highest standardized prevalence of SHS was reported from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, West Azerbaijan, and Hamadan provinces (44.7%, 43.9%, and 39.1%, respectively). The lowest standardized prevalence belonged to Gilan (12.8%), Golestan (14.7%), and Ilam (14.8%) provinces. Concerning the duration of exposure to SHS, 77.8% of those with history of exposure to smoke reported everyday exposure. In the multivariable model, SHS was positively associated with residence in rural areas (odds ratio = 1.31; 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.51) and age (odds ratio = 1.15; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.28). Conclusion: SHS was relatively prevalent in 2010 among children <10 years of age in Iran. This rate was very different over the provinces. Although the prevalence of SHS among Iranian kids was found to be lower than its prevalence worldwide, through attention to easily preventable exposure to SHS along with proper legislation and cultural reforms, exposure to SHS could be markedly curbed and reduced.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42878389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-28DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1782795
Thomas W. Wojciechowski
Abstract Background Cigarette use is a public health issue and juvenile offenders are at risk for engagement in substance use. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to elevated risk for cigarette use and juvenile offenders are at elevated risk for mental health issues. Objectives To elucidate general patterns of development of cigarette use among juvenile offenders and examine the role that ADHD symptomatology plays for predicting development. Methods The Pathways to Desistance data (2000–2010) follow 1,354 juvenile offenders across 84 months following a recent conviction for a serious offense. Using group-based trajectory modeling, this research sought to elucidate heterogeneity in general developmental patterns of cigarette use across adolescence and early adulthood. This research then extended the method by using multinomial logistic regression to investigate the relevance of ADHD symptomatology and covariates for predicting trajectory group assignment. Results A five-group trajectory model was found to best fit the data. Groups elucidated were: Abstaining, Late Onset, Decelerating, Moderate Chronic, and High Chronic. When all covariates were controlled, increases in ADHD symptomatology presentation were associated with increased risk of assignment to the High Chronic cigarette smoking group. This group was characterized by early onset and chronic course of daily cigarette use. Conclusions/importance: Juvenile offenders are at increased risk for participation in daily cigarette use and high and chronic levels of daily use during adolescence and early adulthood. ADHD symptomatology is a risk factor for early initiation and chronic daily cigarette-smoking behaviors.
{"title":"The Development of Cigarette Smoking Behavior Among Juvenile Offenders in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: ADHD Symptomatology as a Risk Factor","authors":"Thomas W. Wojciechowski","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1782795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1782795","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Cigarette use is a public health issue and juvenile offenders are at risk for engagement in substance use. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to elevated risk for cigarette use and juvenile offenders are at elevated risk for mental health issues. Objectives To elucidate general patterns of development of cigarette use among juvenile offenders and examine the role that ADHD symptomatology plays for predicting development. Methods The Pathways to Desistance data (2000–2010) follow 1,354 juvenile offenders across 84 months following a recent conviction for a serious offense. Using group-based trajectory modeling, this research sought to elucidate heterogeneity in general developmental patterns of cigarette use across adolescence and early adulthood. This research then extended the method by using multinomial logistic regression to investigate the relevance of ADHD symptomatology and covariates for predicting trajectory group assignment. Results A five-group trajectory model was found to best fit the data. Groups elucidated were: Abstaining, Late Onset, Decelerating, Moderate Chronic, and High Chronic. When all covariates were controlled, increases in ADHD symptomatology presentation were associated with increased risk of assignment to the High Chronic cigarette smoking group. This group was characterized by early onset and chronic course of daily cigarette use. Conclusions/importance: Juvenile offenders are at increased risk for participation in daily cigarette use and high and chronic levels of daily use during adolescence and early adulthood. ADHD symptomatology is a risk factor for early initiation and chronic daily cigarette-smoking behaviors.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1782795","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44620336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-28DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789525
Zainab Kader, Nicolette V Roman, R. Crutzen
Abstract Adolescent hookah pipe use is increasing at a rapid rate, thus posing a major public health concern globally. The hookah pipe is a gateway substance to other substances that may be more harmful. Yet, at present, little is known about why adolescents are so drawn to this mechanism. It is this gap that this study attempted to fill. This study, therefore, aimed to review the determinants of adolescent hookah pipe use. An electronic search of 12 databases identified studies investigating determinants of adolescent hookah pipe use. Twenty-five studies sampling a total of 88,988 adolescents who use the hookah pipe were included. This study found that adolescent hookah pipe use is determined by an interplay of family factors, peer/friends factors, individual factors, school factors, the actual hookah pipe mechanism, advertisements, and awareness of hookah pipe lounges or bars. Prevention and early intervention strategies aimed at reducing adolescent hookah pipe use is needed.
{"title":"Determinants of Adolescent Hookah Pipe Use: A Systematic Review","authors":"Zainab Kader, Nicolette V Roman, R. Crutzen","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789525","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adolescent hookah pipe use is increasing at a rapid rate, thus posing a major public health concern globally. The hookah pipe is a gateway substance to other substances that may be more harmful. Yet, at present, little is known about why adolescents are so drawn to this mechanism. It is this gap that this study attempted to fill. This study, therefore, aimed to review the determinants of adolescent hookah pipe use. An electronic search of 12 databases identified studies investigating determinants of adolescent hookah pipe use. Twenty-five studies sampling a total of 88,988 adolescents who use the hookah pipe were included. This study found that adolescent hookah pipe use is determined by an interplay of family factors, peer/friends factors, individual factors, school factors, the actual hookah pipe mechanism, advertisements, and awareness of hookah pipe lounges or bars. Prevention and early intervention strategies aimed at reducing adolescent hookah pipe use is needed.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49435973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-28DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1774027
Aditi Srivastav, Rachel E. Davis, Melissa Strompolis, E. Crouch, James F. Thrasher, Mindi Spencer
Abstract Evidence shows that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a root cause of risk behaviors. Safe, stable, and nurturing relationships (SSNRs) can potentially moderate the health risks associated with ACEs. This study examines the relationships among SSNRs in childhood, ACEs, and two risk behaviors in adulthood (smoking tobacco and binge drinking). Data were obtained from the 2016 South Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. The results show a significant decrease in odds of risk behaviors among individuals with ACEs when a SSNRs is present in childhood. This study suggests that programs and policies that promote resilience may reduce risk behaviors.
{"title":"Responding to Adverse Childhood Experiences: Understanding the Role of Safe, Stable, and Nurturing Relationships in Reducing Alcohol and Tobacco Related Risk Behaviors","authors":"Aditi Srivastav, Rachel E. Davis, Melissa Strompolis, E. Crouch, James F. Thrasher, Mindi Spencer","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1774027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1774027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Evidence shows that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a root cause of risk behaviors. Safe, stable, and nurturing relationships (SSNRs) can potentially moderate the health risks associated with ACEs. This study examines the relationships among SSNRs in childhood, ACEs, and two risk behaviors in adulthood (smoking tobacco and binge drinking). Data were obtained from the 2016 South Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. The results show a significant decrease in odds of risk behaviors among individuals with ACEs when a SSNRs is present in childhood. This study suggests that programs and policies that promote resilience may reduce risk behaviors.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1774027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42478778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1763884
Alana Griffith, Mahalia Jackman
Abstract Recently, there has been increased support for the decriminalization of cannabis or marijuana. In the Caribbean, investigations have been conducted to determine whether cannabis should be legalised or decriminalized and for what purpose(s). This has brought about public discussions on the use and impact of cannabis use on the youth. Against this backdrop, this study sought to investigate the factors influencing marijuana use among adolescents in the Caribbean island of Barbados. It specifically focused on the risk and protective factors of peer groups and parents and their interaction effects. It utilized nationally representative data from the Barbados Secondary Schools survey of 2013 conducted by the National Council of Substance Abuse in Barbados. Logit regression analyses were performed to determine the relative roles of parental attachment, family structure, peer use and peer disapproval on adolescent past month use and curiosity to use marijuana. It was found that both parents and peers affect marijuana use among adolescents. Specifically, the adolescents least likely to use marijuana lived with both parents, had little no friends using marijuana, had peers who would disapprove of marijuana use and had strong bonds with their parents. More than this, parental attachment appeared to be more important for individuals without peers who would disapprove of marijuana use. However, only peer use had a consistent impact on adolescent curiosity about marijuana. Prevention interventions should emphasize the importance of friendship choices and well as involve parents in drug education.
{"title":"Peers or Parents?: An Examination of Risk and Protective Factors Influencing Use of and Curiosity about Marijuana among Adolescents in the Caribbean Island of Barbados","authors":"Alana Griffith, Mahalia Jackman","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1763884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1763884","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently, there has been increased support for the decriminalization of cannabis or marijuana. In the Caribbean, investigations have been conducted to determine whether cannabis should be legalised or decriminalized and for what purpose(s). This has brought about public discussions on the use and impact of cannabis use on the youth. Against this backdrop, this study sought to investigate the factors influencing marijuana use among adolescents in the Caribbean island of Barbados. It specifically focused on the risk and protective factors of peer groups and parents and their interaction effects. It utilized nationally representative data from the Barbados Secondary Schools survey of 2013 conducted by the National Council of Substance Abuse in Barbados. Logit regression analyses were performed to determine the relative roles of parental attachment, family structure, peer use and peer disapproval on adolescent past month use and curiosity to use marijuana. It was found that both parents and peers affect marijuana use among adolescents. Specifically, the adolescents least likely to use marijuana lived with both parents, had little no friends using marijuana, had peers who would disapprove of marijuana use and had strong bonds with their parents. More than this, parental attachment appeared to be more important for individuals without peers who would disapprove of marijuana use. However, only peer use had a consistent impact on adolescent curiosity about marijuana. Prevention interventions should emphasize the importance of friendship choices and well as involve parents in drug education.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1763884","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42985886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1766618
D. Demirezen, A. Karaca, Dilek Konuk Şener, H. Ankarali
Abstract In recent years, peer education programs (PEPs) have put this effect to use in a positive way by providing peers that constitute positive role models for each other. Accordingly, this study was carried out to determine the effect of a PEP on the basic knowledge of adolescents about addiction and on the level of self-efficacy that is needed to avoid substance abuse. The pre-test/post-test design of this semi-experimental study used a sample of 9th year students at three high schools in Duzce, Turkey. Peer educator training (PET) with an interactively structured program was completed within a total of 20 hours. The peer educators (PEs) then implemented the program for three months to groups of 14–16 adolescents. Following program, it was determined that incidence of smoking just for once was significantly decreased and incidences of using ecstasy and non-prescription drugs just for once significantly increased. Significant increases were observed in the attitude scores of self-efficacy scale at three high schools following program. This study showed the effectiveness and applicability of the PEP in preventing substance abuse among high-school adolescents.
{"title":"Agents of Change: The Role of the Peer Education Program in Preventing Adolescent Substance Abuse","authors":"D. Demirezen, A. Karaca, Dilek Konuk Şener, H. Ankarali","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1766618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1766618","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, peer education programs (PEPs) have put this effect to use in a positive way by providing peers that constitute positive role models for each other. Accordingly, this study was carried out to determine the effect of a PEP on the basic knowledge of adolescents about addiction and on the level of self-efficacy that is needed to avoid substance abuse. The pre-test/post-test design of this semi-experimental study used a sample of 9th year students at three high schools in Duzce, Turkey. Peer educator training (PET) with an interactively structured program was completed within a total of 20 hours. The peer educators (PEs) then implemented the program for three months to groups of 14–16 adolescents. Following program, it was determined that incidence of smoking just for once was significantly decreased and incidences of using ecstasy and non-prescription drugs just for once significantly increased. Significant increases were observed in the attitude scores of self-efficacy scale at three high schools following program. This study showed the effectiveness and applicability of the PEP in preventing substance abuse among high-school adolescents.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1766618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41988173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789523
A. Merianos, K. King, Rebecca A. Vidourek, Kelsi J. Becker, R. Yockey, O. Oluwoye
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between peer substance use norms and lifetime and past year nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) among African American adolescents. A secondary analysis of the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was conducted (N = 2,420). We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between peer norms and lifetime and past year NMUPD. For lifetime NMUPD, results revealed that participants who reported that most/all of their peers used substances were significantly more likely to report lifetime use. Similar results were found for past year NMUPD. Recommendations are included.
{"title":"Peer Substance Use Norms and Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs among a National Sample of African American Adolescents","authors":"A. Merianos, K. King, Rebecca A. Vidourek, Kelsi J. Becker, R. Yockey, O. Oluwoye","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789523","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between peer substance use norms and lifetime and past year nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) among African American adolescents. A secondary analysis of the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was conducted (N = 2,420). We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between peer norms and lifetime and past year NMUPD. For lifetime NMUPD, results revealed that participants who reported that most/all of their peers used substances were significantly more likely to report lifetime use. Similar results were found for past year NMUPD. Recommendations are included.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43811696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1766617
B. Thepthien, Pakaporn Busprachong, Nate Hongkeilert
Abstract The research aimed to examine the factors influencing self-disclosure of 18 young people (aged 18–24 years old) who had problematic with methamphetamine use and participated in the Matrix treatment program in public health centers of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. The sample was recruited through flyers, announcements and a telephone screening questionnaire. A semi-structured interview was used for this qualitative study. Almost all participants were male (88.8%), age 21–24 years (72.2%), more than half had middle to high school education (55.5%), and were employed (72.2%). The majority were on probation and had received treatment for 5–16 weeks (55.6%). The research found that all participants had trust in their therapist and told the truth in the belief that it was useful for treatment. Although over half were still engaged in therapy by the time of probation, all participants appreciated the therapy and their therapist. The factors influencing self-disclosure include the following: (1) Therapist qualities and (2) Treatment experience in the past. The conversation with therapists made them feel they could vent, and that there was someone who understood them and encouraged them to quit drugs. Living entirely without drugs gave them more confidence to share personal information. When a therapist shows disdain or is judgmental, that discouraged self-disclosure.
{"title":"Self-Disclosure Among Youth with Problematic Methamphetamine Use Who Received Treatment in Public Health Centers of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration: A Qualitative Analysis","authors":"B. Thepthien, Pakaporn Busprachong, Nate Hongkeilert","doi":"10.1080/1067828x.2020.1766617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1766617","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research aimed to examine the factors influencing self-disclosure of 18 young people (aged 18–24 years old) who had problematic with methamphetamine use and participated in the Matrix treatment program in public health centers of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. The sample was recruited through flyers, announcements and a telephone screening questionnaire. A semi-structured interview was used for this qualitative study. Almost all participants were male (88.8%), age 21–24 years (72.2%), more than half had middle to high school education (55.5%), and were employed (72.2%). The majority were on probation and had received treatment for 5–16 weeks (55.6%). The research found that all participants had trust in their therapist and told the truth in the belief that it was useful for treatment. Although over half were still engaged in therapy by the time of probation, all participants appreciated the therapy and their therapist. The factors influencing self-disclosure include the following: (1) Therapist qualities and (2) Treatment experience in the past. The conversation with therapists made them feel they could vent, and that there was someone who understood them and encouraged them to quit drugs. Living entirely without drugs gave them more confidence to share personal information. When a therapist shows disdain or is judgmental, that discouraged self-disclosure.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828x.2020.1766617","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46681176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1774025
T. Akomolafe, A. Hansen, A. Hackney, Wei Wang, Daniella R. Thorne-Williams, Jian Zhang
Abstract This study examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and body perception across measured body weight among adolescents aged 12–19 years, using 2005–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Adjustment showed that normal weight girls who perceived themselves as overweight had a significantly higher smoking prevalence ratio of 2.03 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–3.40). The prevalence of cigarette smoking and weight misperceptions among adolescent girls indicates a need for topics addressing body perception and body image among students to be included in smoking prevention programs in schools. In addition, factors that shape adolescent girls’ perception of body weight should be examined.
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