Pub Date : 2018-05-03DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1462281
Charlotte Kaasbøll, R. Hagen, R. Gråwe
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the use of cannabis among Norwegian adolescents and examine associations with self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression, age, and dose/frequency of use. Methods: A total of 36,714 Norwegian adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 completed a cross-sectional national survey. Results: Cannabis users reported significantly more symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to non-users. There were no significant differences on anxiety and depression scores between those who had tried the drug once and those who had tried it six times or more. Both cannabis use and the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression were found to increase with age. Girls reported less use of cannabis and slightly more symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to boys. Conclusions: The present study contributes to the existing knowledge about important associations between cannabis use and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents. Future research should focus on longitudinal methods in order to better understand the role of environmental and neurobiological explanatory factors.
{"title":"Population-Based Associations Among Cannabis Use, Anxiety, and Depression in Norwegian Adolescents","authors":"Charlotte Kaasbøll, R. Hagen, R. Gråwe","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1462281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1462281","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the use of cannabis among Norwegian adolescents and examine associations with self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression, age, and dose/frequency of use. Methods: A total of 36,714 Norwegian adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 completed a cross-sectional national survey. Results: Cannabis users reported significantly more symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to non-users. There were no significant differences on anxiety and depression scores between those who had tried the drug once and those who had tried it six times or more. Both cannabis use and the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression were found to increase with age. Girls reported less use of cannabis and slightly more symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to boys. Conclusions: The present study contributes to the existing knowledge about important associations between cannabis use and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents. Future research should focus on longitudinal methods in order to better understand the role of environmental and neurobiological explanatory factors.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"27 1","pages":"238 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1462281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45642603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-30DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1462282
Giannino Melotti, S. Passini
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to study the impact of violent attitudes on the drug use/violent delinquency relationship. A total of 1,420 adolescents from the province of Rimini (Italy) completed a questionnaire concerning drug use, violent behaviors, and attitudes toward violence. In general, the results seem to confirm that part of the literature that suggests that people who make frequent use of drugs are also those subjects who are more frequently involved in violent behaviors. However, mediation analyses show that both soft and hard drug use have an indirect effect—mediated by attitudes of violence—on violent behaviors. The results suggest the influence of sociopsychological variables (i.e., attitudes and culture of violence) on the relationship between drug abuse and violent behavior. In planning policies to prevent violent behavior, educational and political institutions should encourage interventions addressed to the promotion of a nonviolent culture.
{"title":"Drug Use and Violence Among Adolescents: The Mediation Effect of Attitudes Supporting Violence","authors":"Giannino Melotti, S. Passini","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1462282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1462282","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to study the impact of violent attitudes on the drug use/violent delinquency relationship. A total of 1,420 adolescents from the province of Rimini (Italy) completed a questionnaire concerning drug use, violent behaviors, and attitudes toward violence. In general, the results seem to confirm that part of the literature that suggests that people who make frequent use of drugs are also those subjects who are more frequently involved in violent behaviors. However, mediation analyses show that both soft and hard drug use have an indirect effect—mediated by attitudes of violence—on violent behaviors. The results suggest the influence of sociopsychological variables (i.e., attitudes and culture of violence) on the relationship between drug abuse and violent behavior. In planning policies to prevent violent behavior, educational and political institutions should encourage interventions addressed to the promotion of a nonviolent culture.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"27 1","pages":"244 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1462282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45401902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-12DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1455612
M. Villegas-Pantoja, F. Guzmán-Facundo, M. Alonso-Castillo, José Moral de la Rubia, K. López-García
ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify relationships between perceived parenting behaviors and alcohol involvement in Mexican teenagers and young adults. Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (EMBU-I) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaires were administered to 276 students from technical schools. Lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was 76.1%. Findings revealed that higher perception of parenting behaviors (rejection and overprotection) was significantly related to higher involvement with alcohol. Those results were consistent in men. Results suggest that parental rejection and overprotection, as well as sex of the offspring, are key elements that must be studied extensively among youths in order to justify preventive strategies toward reducing alcohol use in Mexico.
{"title":"Parenting Behaviors and Their Relationship With Alcohol Involvement in Mexican Teenagers and Young Adults","authors":"M. Villegas-Pantoja, F. Guzmán-Facundo, M. Alonso-Castillo, José Moral de la Rubia, K. López-García","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1455612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1455612","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify relationships between perceived parenting behaviors and alcohol involvement in Mexican teenagers and young adults. Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (EMBU-I) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaires were administered to 276 students from technical schools. Lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was 76.1%. Findings revealed that higher perception of parenting behaviors (rejection and overprotection) was significantly related to higher involvement with alcohol. Those results were consistent in men. Results suggest that parental rejection and overprotection, as well as sex of the offspring, are key elements that must be studied extensively among youths in order to justify preventive strategies toward reducing alcohol use in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"27 1","pages":"227 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1455612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49429230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-06DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1446861
T. Gilhooly, A. Bergman, Joshua Stieber, E. Brown
ABSTRACT Emerging adulthood is a developmental period spanning roughly from 18 to 25 years old and is marked with high rates of co-occurring substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, especially for those who are “disconnected,” such as high school dropouts. This comorbidity can lead to more functional impairments than symptoms of either alone, but little is known about factors that moderate this association. Our goal was to investigate family environment as a moderator between these symptoms in a sample of 99 “disconnected” emerging adults. Participants were recruited from a GED program in Queens, New York. Students in this program had previously dropped out of high school, ranged in age from ages 16 to 21 years old, and were ethnically diverse. Participants were recruited from their classrooms at the GED program by the principal investigator and/or doctoral students involved in the study. The data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Participants were assessed for exposure to traumatic events, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use, and family environment. Correlation and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the data. Findings were that PTSD symptoms and substance abuse symptoms were positively correlated in this sample, and that aspects of family environment were found to moderate the association between substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Implications for future research, treatment, and prevention are discussed.
{"title":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Family Environment, and Substance Abuse Symptoms in Emerging Adults","authors":"T. Gilhooly, A. Bergman, Joshua Stieber, E. Brown","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1446861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1446861","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Emerging adulthood is a developmental period spanning roughly from 18 to 25 years old and is marked with high rates of co-occurring substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, especially for those who are “disconnected,” such as high school dropouts. This comorbidity can lead to more functional impairments than symptoms of either alone, but little is known about factors that moderate this association. Our goal was to investigate family environment as a moderator between these symptoms in a sample of 99 “disconnected” emerging adults. Participants were recruited from a GED program in Queens, New York. Students in this program had previously dropped out of high school, ranged in age from ages 16 to 21 years old, and were ethnically diverse. Participants were recruited from their classrooms at the GED program by the principal investigator and/or doctoral students involved in the study. The data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Participants were assessed for exposure to traumatic events, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use, and family environment. Correlation and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the data. Findings were that PTSD symptoms and substance abuse symptoms were positively correlated in this sample, and that aspects of family environment were found to moderate the association between substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Implications for future research, treatment, and prevention are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"27 1","pages":"196 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1446861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42018646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-26DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1443048
K. Kumpfer, C. Magalhães
ABSTRACT This article reviews the contents and research on the Strengthening Families Program (SFP), a family evidence-based seven- to 14-session intervention for drug prevention in high-risk children ages 0 to 17. Twelve Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) found significant improvements in youths' behavioral health, including 50% reductions in substance misuse, depression/anxiety, and child maltreatment. Culturally adapted SFP versions have improved family relations and the children's behavioral health in 36 countries. To reduce costs of SFP's family groups, a SFP Years DVD was developed and found effective in schools, health clinics, child welfare, and juvenile justice. Future directions include putting SFP on the Web and on smartphones.
{"title":"Strengthening Families Program: An Evidence-Based Family Intervention for Parents of High-Risk Children and Adolescents","authors":"K. Kumpfer, C. Magalhães","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1443048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1443048","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article reviews the contents and research on the Strengthening Families Program (SFP), a family evidence-based seven- to 14-session intervention for drug prevention in high-risk children ages 0 to 17. Twelve Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) found significant improvements in youths' behavioral health, including 50% reductions in substance misuse, depression/anxiety, and child maltreatment. Culturally adapted SFP versions have improved family relations and the children's behavioral health in 36 countries. To reduce costs of SFP's family groups, a SFP Years DVD was developed and found effective in schools, health clinics, child welfare, and juvenile justice. Future directions include putting SFP on the Web and on smartphones.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"27 1","pages":"174 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1443048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47202040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-26DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1444524
M. Orsini, Jeffrey J. Milroy, D. Wyrick, Lindsey Sanders
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to investigate polysubstance use among college student-athletes and determine whether use is independent of gender, race, season status, and athletic division. College student-athletes responded to questions related to their past-30-day use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and prescription drugs. Findings suggest that polysubstance use differs significantly by gender, race, season status, and athletic division. Although a majority of college student-athletes do not engage in polysubstance use, it is reported more frequently for alcohol and tobacco, and alcohol and marijuana. Due to serious consequences associated with polysubstance use, practitioners should consider expanding prevention and treatment efforts to address polysubstance use.
{"title":"Polysubstance Use Among First-Year NCAA College Student-Athletes","authors":"M. Orsini, Jeffrey J. Milroy, D. Wyrick, Lindsey Sanders","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1444524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1444524","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to investigate polysubstance use among college student-athletes and determine whether use is independent of gender, race, season status, and athletic division. College student-athletes responded to questions related to their past-30-day use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and prescription drugs. Findings suggest that polysubstance use differs significantly by gender, race, season status, and athletic division. Although a majority of college student-athletes do not engage in polysubstance use, it is reported more frequently for alcohol and tobacco, and alcohol and marijuana. Due to serious consequences associated with polysubstance use, practitioners should consider expanding prevention and treatment efforts to address polysubstance use.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"27 1","pages":"189 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1444524","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49460150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-22DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1443865
Grant Christie, T. Fleming, Arier C. Lee, T. Clark
ABSTRACT The use of frequency-based criteria to detect harmful substance use in adolescents is rare despite its potential to identify young people at risk. We compared high school students who use high amounts of substances to students with lower levels (or nil) of use across health and well-being indicators to explore the feasibility of this kind of categorization. Based on survey questions from Youth'12, a cross-sectional adolescent health survey involving 3% (8,500) of New Zealand high school students, we selected criteria indicative of substance use that would warrant specialist alcohol and other drugs (AOD) treatment. Two sets of “high-use” criteria (e.g., drinking “alcohol most days a week or more”) for both older and younger adolescents were selected. Eleven percent of students met criteria for “high use,” with higher rates in males and older students. Rates of high use were similar across high-, medium- and low-deprivation neighborhoods. Binge alcohol use (9.2%) was the predominant form of “high use.” Students with “high use” reported poorer health outcomes across numerous areas including mental health, physical health, risk behaviors, and access to health care. Only 5% of “high-use” students had accessed an AOD service. The wide range of negative health outcomes associated with a high level of substance use suggests that brief screening focusing on the level of substance use may help in identifying young people at risk. Simple and brief processes may improve the uptake and implementation of screening in primary care and other settings, and further research in this area is recommended.
{"title":"Health and Social Difficulties in High School Students using High Amounts of Alcohol and Drugs: Implications for Screening","authors":"Grant Christie, T. Fleming, Arier C. Lee, T. Clark","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1443865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1443865","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of frequency-based criteria to detect harmful substance use in adolescents is rare despite its potential to identify young people at risk. We compared high school students who use high amounts of substances to students with lower levels (or nil) of use across health and well-being indicators to explore the feasibility of this kind of categorization. Based on survey questions from Youth'12, a cross-sectional adolescent health survey involving 3% (8,500) of New Zealand high school students, we selected criteria indicative of substance use that would warrant specialist alcohol and other drugs (AOD) treatment. Two sets of “high-use” criteria (e.g., drinking “alcohol most days a week or more”) for both older and younger adolescents were selected. Eleven percent of students met criteria for “high use,” with higher rates in males and older students. Rates of high use were similar across high-, medium- and low-deprivation neighborhoods. Binge alcohol use (9.2%) was the predominant form of “high use.” Students with “high use” reported poorer health outcomes across numerous areas including mental health, physical health, risk behaviors, and access to health care. Only 5% of “high-use” students had accessed an AOD service. The wide range of negative health outcomes associated with a high level of substance use suggests that brief screening focusing on the level of substance use may help in identifying young people at risk. Simple and brief processes may improve the uptake and implementation of screening in primary care and other settings, and further research in this area is recommended.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"27 1","pages":"180 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1443865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48279549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431991
Eman Al-Zboon
ABSTRACT This study examined teachers' professional perceptions about substance abuse (SA) education in Jordanian schools serving students with disabilities. Thematic analysis was conducted on interviews obtained from 60 teachers. Teachers indicated that they had low levels of professional preparation for their role as addiction educators; they also considered the SA education in their schools to be inadequate and expressed a desire for more courses on SA. These results suggest that the Ministry of Education (MOE) and Ministry of Health (MOH) should emphasize the need for programs to address special education (SE) teachers' perceptions about their vital role in SA education in Jordanian schools serving students with disabilities and also to improve teachers' professional competencies
{"title":"Evaluation of Substance Abuse Education at Schools for Students with Disabilities: A Preventative Approach","authors":"Eman Al-Zboon","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431991","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined teachers' professional perceptions about substance abuse (SA) education in Jordanian schools serving students with disabilities. Thematic analysis was conducted on interviews obtained from 60 teachers. Teachers indicated that they had low levels of professional preparation for their role as addiction educators; they also considered the SA education in their schools to be inadequate and expressed a desire for more courses on SA. These results suggest that the Ministry of Education (MOE) and Ministry of Health (MOH) should emphasize the need for programs to address special education (SE) teachers' perceptions about their vital role in SA education in Jordanian schools serving students with disabilities and also to improve teachers' professional competencies","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"27 1","pages":"156 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49332056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-22DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431990
R. Dembo, J. Faber, J. Cristiano, R. DiClemente, Julie M. Krupa, Jennifer Wareham, Asha Terminello
ABSTRACT The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a widely used screening tool for depression among adults and children. However, the validity of the CES-D has yet to be established among justice-involved youths, a population known to have higher levels of depressive symptoms in comparison to samples of community adolescents. The current study examines the psychometric characteristics of the eight-item version of the CES-D among newly arrested youths. Data were obtained through a local health coach service project, designed to provide linkage to treatment for justice-involved youths who are drug involved, test positive for HIV or other STDs, or have high levels of depressive symptoms. A multigroup, confirmatory factor analysis of the depression symptoms for subgroups defined by gender/race self-identification was conducted to assess the psychometric characteristics of the CES-D among these newly arrested youths. Results produced statistical evidence in support of one factor in the eight-item depression data and a similar factor structure across the various gender/racial groups. Criterion-related validity of the depression factor was also explored. Findings support the usefulness of the eight-item CES-D for use among gender-diverse and ethnically diverse youths.
{"title":"Psychometric Evaluation of a Brief Depression Measure for Justice-Involved Youths: A Multigroup Comparison","authors":"R. Dembo, J. Faber, J. Cristiano, R. DiClemente, Julie M. Krupa, Jennifer Wareham, Asha Terminello","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431990","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a widely used screening tool for depression among adults and children. However, the validity of the CES-D has yet to be established among justice-involved youths, a population known to have higher levels of depressive symptoms in comparison to samples of community adolescents. The current study examines the psychometric characteristics of the eight-item version of the CES-D among newly arrested youths. Data were obtained through a local health coach service project, designed to provide linkage to treatment for justice-involved youths who are drug involved, test positive for HIV or other STDs, or have high levels of depressive symptoms. A multigroup, confirmatory factor analysis of the depression symptoms for subgroups defined by gender/race self-identification was conducted to assess the psychometric characteristics of the CES-D among these newly arrested youths. Results produced statistical evidence in support of one factor in the eight-item depression data and a similar factor structure across the various gender/racial groups. Criterion-related validity of the depression factor was also explored. Findings support the usefulness of the eight-item CES-D for use among gender-diverse and ethnically diverse youths.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"27 1","pages":"146 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431990","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43241823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-20DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431992
Tom Poundall, I. Bogdanovica, T. Langley
ABSTRACT Background: European Union and national legislation implemented from May 2016 mean that from May 2017 all tobacco products in the United Kingdom must be sold in standardized packs without external branding and with prominent graphic health warnings. This study investigates the level of awareness and acceptability of the legislation in students during the implementation period, and how the legislation may impact on student perceptions of pack attributes, health warning effectiveness, student smokers' willingness to pay for cigarette packs, and intentions to quit. Methods: An online survey link was e-mailed to randomly selected University of Nottingham students in autumn 2016. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate awareness, acceptability, and potential quitting behavior. Results: 546 students (175 smokers, 371 nonsmokers) responded. Very few of students had seen a standardized pack. Smokers were more likely to be aware of the new legislation than non-smokers. More smokers noticed the warnings on standardized packs than on branded ones. Fewer smokers were willing to pay current prices for standardized packs than for 20 branded packs. Just under half of smokers anticipated quitting in response to the new legislation, with those who smoke infrequently being more likely to anticipate quitting than daily smokers. Conclusions: Few students had seen a standardized pack, suggesting that the level of implementation of the legislation was low five to six months into the implementation period. However, the findings suggest that the legislation has the potential to increase quitting behavior in smoking students.
{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study of the Impact of Standardized Tobacco Packaging Legislation on University Students","authors":"Tom Poundall, I. Bogdanovica, T. Langley","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431992","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: European Union and national legislation implemented from May 2016 mean that from May 2017 all tobacco products in the United Kingdom must be sold in standardized packs without external branding and with prominent graphic health warnings. This study investigates the level of awareness and acceptability of the legislation in students during the implementation period, and how the legislation may impact on student perceptions of pack attributes, health warning effectiveness, student smokers' willingness to pay for cigarette packs, and intentions to quit. Methods: An online survey link was e-mailed to randomly selected University of Nottingham students in autumn 2016. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate awareness, acceptability, and potential quitting behavior. Results: 546 students (175 smokers, 371 nonsmokers) responded. Very few of students had seen a standardized pack. Smokers were more likely to be aware of the new legislation than non-smokers. More smokers noticed the warnings on standardized packs than on branded ones. Fewer smokers were willing to pay current prices for standardized packs than for 20 branded packs. Just under half of smokers anticipated quitting in response to the new legislation, with those who smoke infrequently being more likely to anticipate quitting than daily smokers. Conclusions: Few students had seen a standardized pack, suggesting that the level of implementation of the legislation was low five to six months into the implementation period. However, the findings suggest that the legislation has the potential to increase quitting behavior in smoking students.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"27 1","pages":"165 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1431992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41810931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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