Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2019.1623145
M. J. Lintz, C. Thurstone, Madelyne Hull, Kristie M. Ladegard
Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a school-based substance treatment model and evaluate the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of treatment in a school-based setting to improve access to treatment for adolescents with substance use disorders. This study provided care to 41 youths (12 to 18 years old) in three school-based health clinics. The intervention consisted of 12 weeks of individual motivational interviewing, acceptance and commitment therapy, contingency management with urine drug screens, medication-assisted therapy, family sessions, and case management. Feasibility outcomes included the number of sessions attended, the Session Rating Scale, and qualitative feedback from patients (N = 41), therapists (N = 3), and a school principal. Preliminary treatment outcomes included the Timeline Followback Interview, a modified Outcome Rating Scale, and a questionnaire of school engagement. The average number of sessions completed was 7.4 (SD = 3.6), and the average Session Rating Scale score was 38.2 (0 = minimum alliance, 40 = maximum alliance). Qualitative interviews provided feedback to adapt the treatment model further. Youths reported significant pre-post improvements in emotional wellness, school engagement, and substance use. This study produced a school-based substance treatment model that is well-received by patients, demonstrated feasibility, showed positive preliminary outcomes, and is ready for further clinical testing.
{"title":"Development of a School-Based Substance Treatment Model","authors":"M. J. Lintz, C. Thurstone, Madelyne Hull, Kristie M. Ladegard","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2019.1623145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2019.1623145","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a school-based substance treatment model and evaluate the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of treatment in a school-based setting to improve access to treatment for adolescents with substance use disorders. This study provided care to 41 youths (12 to 18 years old) in three school-based health clinics. The intervention consisted of 12 weeks of individual motivational interviewing, acceptance and commitment therapy, contingency management with urine drug screens, medication-assisted therapy, family sessions, and case management. Feasibility outcomes included the number of sessions attended, the Session Rating Scale, and qualitative feedback from patients (N = 41), therapists (N = 3), and a school principal. Preliminary treatment outcomes included the Timeline Followback Interview, a modified Outcome Rating Scale, and a questionnaire of school engagement. The average number of sessions completed was 7.4 (SD = 3.6), and the average Session Rating Scale score was 38.2 (0 = minimum alliance, 40 = maximum alliance). Qualitative interviews provided feedback to adapt the treatment model further. Youths reported significant pre-post improvements in emotional wellness, school engagement, and substance use. This study produced a school-based substance treatment model that is well-received by patients, demonstrated feasibility, showed positive preliminary outcomes, and is ready for further clinical testing.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"28 1","pages":"127 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2019.1623145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42773479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2019.1590272
K. Egan, E. Gregory, M. Wolfson, V. Francisco, R. Strack, D. Wyrick, Michael A. Perko
Abstract To determine how parents dispose of unused prescription medications and correlates of disposal, we recruited 3,043 parents of adolescents to complete a survey. Multivariate and multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine correlates of disposal of prescription medication. Only 17.8% of parents in a household prescribed a controlled medication in the past year disposed of unused medications. Of those, 36.7% used organized disposal (e.g., take-back event or drop box) and 63.3% disposed of medications at home. Organized disposal was associated with awareness of disposal opportunities. Increasing awareness of organized disposal opportunities is a promising mechanism to increase their use by parents.
{"title":"Disposal of prescription drugs by parents of middle and high school students","authors":"K. Egan, E. Gregory, M. Wolfson, V. Francisco, R. Strack, D. Wyrick, Michael A. Perko","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2019.1590272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2019.1590272","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To determine how parents dispose of unused prescription medications and correlates of disposal, we recruited 3,043 parents of adolescents to complete a survey. Multivariate and multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine correlates of disposal of prescription medication. Only 17.8% of parents in a household prescribed a controlled medication in the past year disposed of unused medications. Of those, 36.7% used organized disposal (e.g., take-back event or drop box) and 63.3% disposed of medications at home. Organized disposal was associated with awareness of disposal opportunities. Increasing awareness of organized disposal opportunities is a promising mechanism to increase their use by parents.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"28 1","pages":"92 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2019.1590272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41735560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561580
P. Śledziński, J. Zeyland, R. Słomski, A. Nowak-Terpiłowska
Abstract Marijuana is recently a subject of a global debate due to potential medical application of cannabis products and the progressive legalization of its recreational use. This situation leads to the need for access to comprehensive and reliable information about the effects of marijuana intake. Our review presents the actual state of knowledge regarding acute and chronic health effects generated by recreational marijuana use. Marijuana smoking can lead to structural and functional alterations in the central nervous system. These effects are especially significant and dangerous at the prenatal, child, and adolescence periods. In contrary to a common myth, cannabis does exhibit an addictive potency, albeit not a strong one. We discuss the “cannabis gateway hypothesis,” which suggests that marijuana use can be the first step before trying more dangerous drugs. However, drawing significant conclusions is difficult due to the strong impact of confounders and often unclear relationships among studied factors, especially in the socioeconomic context. Moreover, we point to the need for the unbiased assessment of the harm generated by marijuana in comparison with other drugs.
{"title":"The adverse effects of marijuana use: The present state and future directions","authors":"P. Śledziński, J. Zeyland, R. Słomski, A. Nowak-Terpiłowska","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561580","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Marijuana is recently a subject of a global debate due to potential medical application of cannabis products and the progressive legalization of its recreational use. This situation leads to the need for access to comprehensive and reliable information about the effects of marijuana intake. Our review presents the actual state of knowledge regarding acute and chronic health effects generated by recreational marijuana use. Marijuana smoking can lead to structural and functional alterations in the central nervous system. These effects are especially significant and dangerous at the prenatal, child, and adolescence periods. In contrary to a common myth, cannabis does exhibit an addictive potency, albeit not a strong one. We discuss the “cannabis gateway hypothesis,” which suggests that marijuana use can be the first step before trying more dangerous drugs. However, drawing significant conclusions is difficult due to the strong impact of confounders and often unclear relationships among studied factors, especially in the socioeconomic context. Moreover, we point to the need for the unbiased assessment of the harm generated by marijuana in comparison with other drugs.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"28 1","pages":"65 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48194890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561576
D. Merritt, Susan M. Snyder
Abstract Illicit substance use, especially of inhalants, is a public health crisis during adolescence, particularly for maltreated youths. This study advances the literature by highlighting the prevalence of inhalant use among child welfare–involved adolescents. Using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) II data set, case-status factors, problem behaviors, deviant peers, delinquency, depression, and school peer engagement were inspected using logistic regression. Females, delinquency, deviant peers, problematic behaviors, and depression are positively related to inhalant use, whereas youth school peer engagement mitigates inhalant use. Attention to peer relationships and psychosocial risk factors is necessary for adolescents.
{"title":"Inhalant Use Among Child Welfare–Involved Adolescents","authors":"D. Merritt, Susan M. Snyder","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561576","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Illicit substance use, especially of inhalants, is a public health crisis during adolescence, particularly for maltreated youths. This study advances the literature by highlighting the prevalence of inhalant use among child welfare–involved adolescents. Using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) II data set, case-status factors, problem behaviors, deviant peers, delinquency, depression, and school peer engagement were inspected using logistic regression. Females, delinquency, deviant peers, problematic behaviors, and depression are positively related to inhalant use, whereas youth school peer engagement mitigates inhalant use. Attention to peer relationships and psychosocial risk factors is necessary for adolescents.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"28 1","pages":"45 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561576","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47936844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561577
B. Russell, M. Hutchison, Alaina Fusco
Abstract Based on the evidence that emotion regulation difficulties underpin many mental health struggles during adolescence, including substance use disorders (SUDs), we focused on distress tolerance as a particularly salient mechanism of action for bolstering emotion regulation outcomes for adolescents in early SUD recovery. Mindfulness-based interventions are effective in improving distress tolerance through teaching skills to reduce individuals’ perceived stress or feelings of crisis and increasing a sense of agency and self-regulatory efficacy. The aim of the present study was to improve emotion regulation outcomes in the student body of a recovery high school (N = 27) through six weeks of mindfulness intervention content delivered in a small-group format. Thus, we tested feasibility through recruitment and retention rates and examined preliminary efficacy outcomes from two, randomized mindfulness intervention conditions, and used a comparison group of students without an SUD diagnosis (N = 29) sampled from the community. Results indicate significant post-intervention impacts on recovery students’ depression symptomology and on two separate measures of impulsivity (t(22) = 2.358, p < .05; t(20) = 2.358, p < .05; t(17) = 3.979, p < .01, respectively), although no significant differences between intervention condition were noted. Findings from the current study echo similar studies with comparable samples. Implications for the dosage and approach of group-format mindfulness interventions for adolescent samples are discussed.
{"title":"Emotion Regulation Outcomes and Preliminary Feasibility Evidence From a Mindfulness Intervention for Adolescent Substance Use","authors":"B. Russell, M. Hutchison, Alaina Fusco","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561577","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on the evidence that emotion regulation difficulties underpin many mental health struggles during adolescence, including substance use disorders (SUDs), we focused on distress tolerance as a particularly salient mechanism of action for bolstering emotion regulation outcomes for adolescents in early SUD recovery. Mindfulness-based interventions are effective in improving distress tolerance through teaching skills to reduce individuals’ perceived stress or feelings of crisis and increasing a sense of agency and self-regulatory efficacy. The aim of the present study was to improve emotion regulation outcomes in the student body of a recovery high school (N = 27) through six weeks of mindfulness intervention content delivered in a small-group format. Thus, we tested feasibility through recruitment and retention rates and examined preliminary efficacy outcomes from two, randomized mindfulness intervention conditions, and used a comparison group of students without an SUD diagnosis (N = 29) sampled from the community. Results indicate significant post-intervention impacts on recovery students’ depression symptomology and on two separate measures of impulsivity (t(22) = 2.358, p < .05; t(20) = 2.358, p < .05; t(17) = 3.979, p < .01, respectively), although no significant differences between intervention condition were noted. Findings from the current study echo similar studies with comparable samples. Implications for the dosage and approach of group-format mindfulness interventions for adolescent samples are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"28 1","pages":"21 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49216941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561573
Sílvia Pucci, M. G. Pereira
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among excessive daytime sleepiness, family sleep behaviors, sleep quality, and health behaviors, as well as the role of caffeine intake as a moderator. The study included a sample of 272 adolescents that answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family Sleep Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Modified Excessive Sleepiness Scale, and the Health Behavior Questionnaire. The results revealed that higher caffeine intake was associated with worse sleep quality, worse family sleep behaviors, and fewer healthy behaviors. However, caffeine intake was not associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. In addition, worse sleep quality was associated with worse family sleep behaviors, excessive daytime sleepiness, and fewer healthy behaviors. Worse family sleep behaviors were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and lower health behaviors. Finally, excessive daytime sleepiness was associated with fewer healthy behaviors. Caffeine intake was a moderator in the relationship between daytime sleepiness and health behaviors. Health professionals (i.e., pediatricians, psychologists, and teachers), when intervening on sleep quality and health behaviors, should assess the adolescent’s caffeine intake.
{"title":"The Moderator Role of Caffeine Intake in Adolescents’ Sleep and Health Behaviors","authors":"Sílvia Pucci, M. G. Pereira","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561573","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among excessive daytime sleepiness, family sleep behaviors, sleep quality, and health behaviors, as well as the role of caffeine intake as a moderator. The study included a sample of 272 adolescents that answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family Sleep Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Modified Excessive Sleepiness Scale, and the Health Behavior Questionnaire. The results revealed that higher caffeine intake was associated with worse sleep quality, worse family sleep behaviors, and fewer healthy behaviors. However, caffeine intake was not associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. In addition, worse sleep quality was associated with worse family sleep behaviors, excessive daytime sleepiness, and fewer healthy behaviors. Worse family sleep behaviors were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and lower health behaviors. Finally, excessive daytime sleepiness was associated with fewer healthy behaviors. Caffeine intake was a moderator in the relationship between daytime sleepiness and health behaviors. Health professionals (i.e., pediatricians, psychologists, and teachers), when intervening on sleep quality and health behaviors, should assess the adolescent’s caffeine intake.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"28 1","pages":"39 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45314350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561574
Amanda A. Uliaszek, N. Al-Dajani, Laura Mills
Abstract The present study sought to examine predictors of attrition from residential treatment for adolescents with addictive behaviors. Using data from 137 adolescents and their families, latent variable models were constructed to examine three child/adolescent factors and three parenting factors as predictors of attrition. Findings indicated that emotional/social difficulties and parental involvement in treatment, as well as their interaction, had a direct effect on attrition. In addition, parenting in adolescence interacted with both substance/behavioral problems and early caregiver discipline to predict attrition. This study provided insight into the exacerbating effects of neglectful or absent parenting practices in the successful completion of adolescent substance use treatment.
{"title":"Predictors of Attrition From Residential Treatment for Youths With Addictive Behaviors","authors":"Amanda A. Uliaszek, N. Al-Dajani, Laura Mills","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561574","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study sought to examine predictors of attrition from residential treatment for adolescents with addictive behaviors. Using data from 137 adolescents and their families, latent variable models were constructed to examine three child/adolescent factors and three parenting factors as predictors of attrition. Findings indicated that emotional/social difficulties and parental involvement in treatment, as well as their interaction, had a direct effect on attrition. In addition, parenting in adolescence interacted with both substance/behavioral problems and early caregiver discipline to predict attrition. This study provided insight into the exacerbating effects of neglectful or absent parenting practices in the successful completion of adolescent substance use treatment.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"28 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41730820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561579
D. Doumas, R. Turrisi, Raissa Miller, Susan Esp, B. Flay
Abstract Sensation seeking has been identified as a significant risk factor for adolescent alcohol use. Little is known, however, about the process by which sensation seeking impacts heavy alcohol use. The current study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among sensation seeking, age of drinking initiation, and heavy alcohol use in a sample of high school seniors (N = 221). Results support age of drinking initiation as a mediator of the relationship between sensation seeking and heavy alcohol use. Implications include providing personality-targeted prevention to adolescents who display sensation-seeking traits to delay drinking initiation among these students.
{"title":"Age of drinking initiation as a mediator of the relationship between sensation seeking and heavy drinking among high school seniors","authors":"D. Doumas, R. Turrisi, Raissa Miller, Susan Esp, B. Flay","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561579","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sensation seeking has been identified as a significant risk factor for adolescent alcohol use. Little is known, however, about the process by which sensation seeking impacts heavy alcohol use. The current study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among sensation seeking, age of drinking initiation, and heavy alcohol use in a sample of high school seniors (N = 221). Results support age of drinking initiation as a mediator of the relationship between sensation seeking and heavy alcohol use. Implications include providing personality-targeted prevention to adolescents who display sensation-seeking traits to delay drinking initiation among these students.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"28 1","pages":"32 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47022623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561575
J. El-Khoury, N. Bilani, Ahmad Abu-Mohammad, Rassil Ghazzaoui, G. Kassir, E. Rachid, S. El Hayek
Abstract Children and adolescents are increasingly exposed to various types of media. The power of film to shape attitudes and behaviors has been widely accepted in a number of different contexts. The goal of this study was to analyze the representation of illicit drugs and alcohol in movies recently released in the United States and available to an under-18 audience. A research team reviewed the content of all available G, PG, PG-13, and R-rated feature films released in the United States in April 2016. A standardized coding instrument was developed. It focused on the following parameters: nature of the substance, its implicit or explicit depiction, setting of use, characteristics of the user (age, gender, and role in movie), motivations behind use, and consequences of use. A descriptive evaluation of the variables and Fisher’s exact analysis of covariates and scene outcomes were carried at the bivariate level. Five out of thirty-three movies did not depict any substance use. Most scenes involved explicit alcohol use, usually by a male adult who was a secondary character. Comedy and action movies were more likely to display rewarding consequences for substance use. Scenes with social and sexual motivations for use were significantly more likely to have rewarding outcomes. Recent Hollywood movie productions accessible to under-18 audiences are likely to contain scenes with psychoactive substance use. More research is needed to understand the association between exposure to substance use through film and the shaping of relevant attitudes and behaviors in young audiences.
{"title":"Drugs and Alcohol Themes in Recent Feature Films: A Content Analysis","authors":"J. El-Khoury, N. Bilani, Ahmad Abu-Mohammad, Rassil Ghazzaoui, G. Kassir, E. Rachid, S. El Hayek","doi":"10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561575","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Children and adolescents are increasingly exposed to various types of media. The power of film to shape attitudes and behaviors has been widely accepted in a number of different contexts. The goal of this study was to analyze the representation of illicit drugs and alcohol in movies recently released in the United States and available to an under-18 audience. A research team reviewed the content of all available G, PG, PG-13, and R-rated feature films released in the United States in April 2016. A standardized coding instrument was developed. It focused on the following parameters: nature of the substance, its implicit or explicit depiction, setting of use, characteristics of the user (age, gender, and role in movie), motivations behind use, and consequences of use. A descriptive evaluation of the variables and Fisher’s exact analysis of covariates and scene outcomes were carried at the bivariate level. Five out of thirty-three movies did not depict any substance use. Most scenes involved explicit alcohol use, usually by a male adult who was a secondary character. Comedy and action movies were more likely to display rewarding consequences for substance use. Scenes with social and sexual motivations for use were significantly more likely to have rewarding outcomes. Recent Hollywood movie productions accessible to under-18 audiences are likely to contain scenes with psychoactive substance use. More research is needed to understand the association between exposure to substance use through film and the shaping of relevant attitudes and behaviors in young audiences.","PeriodicalId":46463,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE","volume":"28 1","pages":"14 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1067828X.2018.1561575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44597836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1544525
Mark J. Van Ryzin, Jean Lee, A. Biglan
abstract Reward & Reminder has been a component of community-based preventive efforts against sales of substances (e.g., tobacco) to youths. To date, there has not been a randomized trial of Reward & Reminder as a stand-alone prevention program targeting youth access to alcohol. In this study, we address that gap. Data were collected as part of a randomized trial of a school- and community-based prevention program. Our analysis included 23 vendors in control communities and 33 vendors in intervention communities. We visited each vendor at least two times, and vendors in intervention communities received the Reward & Reminder protocol. Using McNemar’s test, which evaluates the degree to which the outlets in each condition moved to a different cell in the contingency table from the first visit to the second (i.e., from yes to no or vice versa), we found that the control outlets did not change (all p values were non-significant). In contrast, the intervention outlets were significantly more likely to ask for identification (p < .05) and significantly less willing to sell alcohol to young-looking project confederates (p < .05); Asked for Age did not change. We conclude that Reward & Reminder could assist in preventing underage access to alcohol.
奖励与提醒一直是以社区为基础的防止向青少年销售物质(如烟草)的预防工作的一个组成部分。到目前为止，还没有一个随机试验的奖励和提醒作为一个独立的预防计划针对青少年获得酒精。在这项研究中，我们解决了这一差距。数据是作为学校和社区预防计划的随机试验的一部分收集的。我们的分析包括控制社区的23家供应商和干预社区的33家供应商。我们走访了每个供应商至少两次，干预社区的供应商收到了奖励和提醒协议。使用McNemar的测试，评估从第一次访问到第二次访问，每个条件下的出口移动到列联表中不同单元格的程度(即，从“是”到“否”或反之亦然)，我们发现控制出口没有改变(所有p值都不显著)。相比之下，干预网点更有可能要求识别(p < 0.05)，更不愿意向看起来年轻的项目联盟出售酒精(p < 0.05);ask for Age没有改变。我们得出结论，奖励和提醒可以帮助防止未成年人接触酒精。
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