Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2110143
Joonha Park, Seungho Yoo
ABSTRACT The smart city, which emphasizes more effective urban management using information and communication technologies (ICT), now has greater implications. This paper first reviews the evolving features of the smart city focusing on its extension from an ICT-based urban solution to the domains of governance, sustainability, and decent urbanisation. Expectations and concerns about advanced ICT as an urban solution have formed a body of literature of civic governance with a focus on the citizen, which now incorporates a discussion of the democratic management of data. What made the smart city dominant in urban discourse is its merging with another leading discourse – that of the ‘sustainable city’ – in the early 2010s, which had the most popularity in the field since the 1990s. The boundary of the smart city extended further, representing the desire of emerging cities to provide core urban infrastructures with an expectation of economic growth in the mid-2010s. This paper then focuses on the implications of this widened sphere of the smart city. It aims to uncover how the concept of ‘smart city’ has evolved over time, leading to the conclusion of how the traditional values of urban studies are growing in the new sphere of the smart city and why it is currently important to consider the context-based local smart city and to develop affordable smart cities in future smart city practice and research.
{"title":"Evolution of the smart city: three extensions to governance, sustainability, and decent urbanisation from an ICT-based urban solution","authors":"Joonha Park, Seungho Yoo","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2110143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2110143","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The smart city, which emphasizes more effective urban management using information and communication technologies (ICT), now has greater implications. This paper first reviews the evolving features of the smart city focusing on its extension from an ICT-based urban solution to the domains of governance, sustainability, and decent urbanisation. Expectations and concerns about advanced ICT as an urban solution have formed a body of literature of civic governance with a focus on the citizen, which now incorporates a discussion of the democratic management of data. What made the smart city dominant in urban discourse is its merging with another leading discourse – that of the ‘sustainable city’ – in the early 2010s, which had the most popularity in the field since the 1990s. The boundary of the smart city extended further, representing the desire of emerging cities to provide core urban infrastructures with an expectation of economic growth in the mid-2010s. This paper then focuses on the implications of this widened sphere of the smart city. It aims to uncover how the concept of ‘smart city’ has evolved over time, leading to the conclusion of how the traditional values of urban studies are growing in the new sphere of the smart city and why it is currently important to consider the context-based local smart city and to develop affordable smart cities in future smart city practice and research.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"10 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45783861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2102538
Thomas W Sanchez, H. Shumway, Trey Gordner, Theo Lim
ABSTRACT Over the past several decades, urban planning has considered a variety of advanced analysis methods with greater and lesser degrees of adoption. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is probably the most notable, with others such as database management systems (DBMS), decision support systems (DSS), planning support systems (PSS), and expert systems (ES), having mixed levels of recognition and acceptance (Kontokosta, C. E. (2021). Urban informatics in the science and practice of planning. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 41(4), 382–395. doi:10.1177/0739456X18793716; Yigitcanlar, T., Desouza, K. C., Butler, L., & Roozkhosh, F. (2020). Contributions and risks of artificial intelligence (AI) in building smarter cities: Insights from a systematic review of the literature. Energies, 13(6), 1473). Advances in information technologies have moved very slowly in the field of urban planning, more recently concerning ‘smart city’ technologies while revolutionizing other domains, such as consumer goods and services. Baidu, Amazon, Netflix, Google, and many others are using these technologies to gain insights into consumer behaviour and characteristics and improve supply chains and logistics. This is an opportune time for urban planners to consider the application of AI-related techniques given vast increases in data availability, increased processing speeds, and increased popularity and development of planning related applications. Research on these topics by urban planning scholars has increased over the past few years, but there is little evidence to suggest that the results are making it into the hands of professional planners (Batty, M. (2018). Artificial intelligence and smart cities. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 45(1), 3–6; Batty, M. (2021). Planning education in the digital age. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48(2), 207–211). Others encourage planners to leverage the ubiquity of data and advances in computing to enhance redistributive justice in information resources and procedural justice in decision-making among marginalized communities (Boeing, G., Besbris, M., Schachter, A., & Kuk, J. (2020). Housing search in the Age of Big data: Smarter cities or the same Old blind spots? Housing Policy Debate, 31(1), 112–126; Goodspeed, R. (2015). Smart cities: Moving beyond urban cybernetics to tackle wicked problems. Cambridge journal of regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 79–92). This article highlights findings from a recent literature review on AI in planning and discusses the results of a national survey of urban planners about their perspectives on AI adoption and concerns they have expressed about its broader use in the profession. Currently, the outlook is mixed, matching how urban planners initially viewed the early stages of computer adoption within the profession. And yet today, personal computers are essential to any job.
{"title":"The prospects of artificial intelligence in urban planning","authors":"Thomas W Sanchez, H. Shumway, Trey Gordner, Theo Lim","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2102538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2102538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Over the past several decades, urban planning has considered a variety of advanced analysis methods with greater and lesser degrees of adoption. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is probably the most notable, with others such as database management systems (DBMS), decision support systems (DSS), planning support systems (PSS), and expert systems (ES), having mixed levels of recognition and acceptance (Kontokosta, C. E. (2021). Urban informatics in the science and practice of planning. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 41(4), 382–395. doi:10.1177/0739456X18793716; Yigitcanlar, T., Desouza, K. C., Butler, L., & Roozkhosh, F. (2020). Contributions and risks of artificial intelligence (AI) in building smarter cities: Insights from a systematic review of the literature. Energies, 13(6), 1473). Advances in information technologies have moved very slowly in the field of urban planning, more recently concerning ‘smart city’ technologies while revolutionizing other domains, such as consumer goods and services. Baidu, Amazon, Netflix, Google, and many others are using these technologies to gain insights into consumer behaviour and characteristics and improve supply chains and logistics. This is an opportune time for urban planners to consider the application of AI-related techniques given vast increases in data availability, increased processing speeds, and increased popularity and development of planning related applications. Research on these topics by urban planning scholars has increased over the past few years, but there is little evidence to suggest that the results are making it into the hands of professional planners (Batty, M. (2018). Artificial intelligence and smart cities. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 45(1), 3–6; Batty, M. (2021). Planning education in the digital age. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48(2), 207–211). Others encourage planners to leverage the ubiquity of data and advances in computing to enhance redistributive justice in information resources and procedural justice in decision-making among marginalized communities (Boeing, G., Besbris, M., Schachter, A., & Kuk, J. (2020). Housing search in the Age of Big data: Smarter cities or the same Old blind spots? Housing Policy Debate, 31(1), 112–126; Goodspeed, R. (2015). Smart cities: Moving beyond urban cybernetics to tackle wicked problems. Cambridge journal of regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 79–92). This article highlights findings from a recent literature review on AI in planning and discusses the results of a national survey of urban planners about their perspectives on AI adoption and concerns they have expressed about its broader use in the profession. Currently, the outlook is mixed, matching how urban planners initially viewed the early stages of computer adoption within the profession. And yet today, personal computers are essential to any job.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"179 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48825480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2097119
H. B. Wijaya, I. Buchori
ABSTRACT As part of the urbanization process, the origin of industrial workers can characterize the type and distribution of rural in situ urbanization. The case of Temanggung Regency, Indonesia, demonstrates the industrial growth of the rural population initially from that agricultural to industrial and urban activities. This study contributes to a contextual explanation of the roles of local workers and resources in the rural in situ urbanization process. The research found that push and pull factors of urban growth exist in the same location of rural areas, promoting reclassification of urban areas. These factors transform the rural hinterland area into a nascent centre of urban activities, which has a lower rate of regional migration due to the lower level of rural wages. Therefore, local workers and resources are essential for rural industrialization and in situ urbanization.
{"title":"The origin of industrial workers and rural in situ urbanization in Temanggung Regency, Indonesia","authors":"H. B. Wijaya, I. Buchori","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2097119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2097119","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As part of the urbanization process, the origin of industrial workers can characterize the type and distribution of rural in situ urbanization. The case of Temanggung Regency, Indonesia, demonstrates the industrial growth of the rural population initially from that agricultural to industrial and urban activities. This study contributes to a contextual explanation of the roles of local workers and resources in the rural in situ urbanization process. The research found that push and pull factors of urban growth exist in the same location of rural areas, promoting reclassification of urban areas. These factors transform the rural hinterland area into a nascent centre of urban activities, which has a lower rate of regional migration due to the lower level of rural wages. Therefore, local workers and resources are essential for rural industrialization and in situ urbanization.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"112 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44702076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2093260
Zhou Yu, Michael Haan, Chengdong Yi
ABSTRACT The homeownership rate of young adults has surged to an unprecedented level in urban China, despite rising housing prices and significant rural-urban migration. A trend analysis of nationally representative microdata shows that household formation is the missing link in the paradox and that many young adults aged 18–44 have failed to form independent households from 2011 to 2017, thereby delaying the start of their housing pathways. When factors such as socioeconomic and institutional attributes are controlled for, age differences in household formation decrease as expected. However, the age differences grow surprisingly larger over the study period, reflective of reform-induced changes in resource allocation. Further analysis demonstrates significant heterogeneity in headship status. While local young adults are squeezing into homeownership, migrants are overrepresented in the relatively stunted rental sector. Thus, while migration has brought newcomers to urban China and kept the headship rates from falling even further, institutional barriers have blocked migrants’ housing pathways. Overall, the pace of change is breathtaking. There is a growing divergence in young adults’ housing pathways, which depends on the timing of market entry, institutional attributes, housing prices, and personal income.
{"title":"The inception of housing pathways in urban China: the declining household formation of young adults from 2011 to 2017","authors":"Zhou Yu, Michael Haan, Chengdong Yi","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2093260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2093260","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The homeownership rate of young adults has surged to an unprecedented level in urban China, despite rising housing prices and significant rural-urban migration. A trend analysis of nationally representative microdata shows that household formation is the missing link in the paradox and that many young adults aged 18–44 have failed to form independent households from 2011 to 2017, thereby delaying the start of their housing pathways. When factors such as socioeconomic and institutional attributes are controlled for, age differences in household formation decrease as expected. However, the age differences grow surprisingly larger over the study period, reflective of reform-induced changes in resource allocation. Further analysis demonstrates significant heterogeneity in headship status. While local young adults are squeezing into homeownership, migrants are overrepresented in the relatively stunted rental sector. Thus, while migration has brought newcomers to urban China and kept the headship rates from falling even further, institutional barriers have blocked migrants’ housing pathways. Overall, the pace of change is breathtaking. There is a growing divergence in young adults’ housing pathways, which depends on the timing of market entry, institutional attributes, housing prices, and personal income.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"129 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41370646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2093261
I. Park, Burkhard von Rabenau, Zhe Hong
ABSTRACT This study derives the economic development effects of sanctuary city (SC) policies at the US county level using data from close to 3,000 counties between 2013 and 2017. A county is taken to provide sanctuary to undocumented immigrants if county jails do not accept ICE detainer requests, i.e. do not hold detainees beyond their original release dates. Endogeneity problems and fixed effects in the panel data are fully accounted for by combining coarsened exact matching with the fixed effects instrumental variables method. We can infer that SC policy probably is a significant driver of economic development. The results show that implementing an SC policy for 2.8–3.4 years lowers the unemployment rate by 0.18 percentage points, reduces wages by 1.6%, and increases housing prices by 5.5%, suggesting that these policies have positive effects on the local economy and can contribute to reversing economic declines in some jurisdictions. Highlights The economic development effects of sanctuary city (SC) policies are derived using data from about 3,000 counties between 2013 and 2017. Endogeneity problems and fixed effects are addressed by combining coarsened exact matching with the fixed effects instrumental variables method. Implementing an SC policy for 2.8–3.4 years lowers the unemployment rate by 0.18 percentage points, reduces wages by 1.6%, and increases housing prices by 5.5%. Immigrant-inclusive policies have positive effects on the local economy and can contribute to reversing economic decline.
{"title":"The effects of ‘sanctuary city’ policies on the local economy: empirical evidence from US counties","authors":"I. Park, Burkhard von Rabenau, Zhe Hong","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2093261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2093261","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study derives the economic development effects of sanctuary city (SC) policies at the US county level using data from close to 3,000 counties between 2013 and 2017. A county is taken to provide sanctuary to undocumented immigrants if county jails do not accept ICE detainer requests, i.e. do not hold detainees beyond their original release dates. Endogeneity problems and fixed effects in the panel data are fully accounted for by combining coarsened exact matching with the fixed effects instrumental variables method. We can infer that SC policy probably is a significant driver of economic development. The results show that implementing an SC policy for 2.8–3.4 years lowers the unemployment rate by 0.18 percentage points, reduces wages by 1.6%, and increases housing prices by 5.5%, suggesting that these policies have positive effects on the local economy and can contribute to reversing economic declines in some jurisdictions. Highlights The economic development effects of sanctuary city (SC) policies are derived using data from about 3,000 counties between 2013 and 2017. Endogeneity problems and fixed effects are addressed by combining coarsened exact matching with the fixed effects instrumental variables method. Implementing an SC policy for 2.8–3.4 years lowers the unemployment rate by 0.18 percentage points, reduces wages by 1.6%, and increases housing prices by 5.5%. Immigrant-inclusive policies have positive effects on the local economy and can contribute to reversing economic decline.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"19 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48970517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2085154
Hai-long Ma, Xuanfang Xu
ABSTRACT The various knowledge flows shape and change the regional innovation patterns, which are also influenced by regional conditions. What are the similarities, differences and connections between science and technology linkage, as two different types of knowledge network, deserve to be explored in depth. Drawing on scientific paper co-publications and patent transfer data, we constructed two different types of intercity innovation networks during 2006–2016 in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), a city region special for its ‘one country, two systems’ structure. After that, we explored the evolutionary characteristics of the networks and further examined the different impacts of multidimensional proximity on scientific collaboration and technology transfer. Our results show that technology transfer is more sensitive to spatial factors, institutional barriers caused by ‘one country, two systems’ is a bigger obstacle to technology transfer between cities, cultural proximity and cognitive proximity have a more significant impact on paper cooperation network. Moreover, geographical proximity can indirectly affect knowledge spillover by acting on the proximity of other dimensions. As for scientific collaboration, social, cognitive and institutional proximities can compensate for the lack of geographical proximity, and cultural proximity frequently goes along with geographical proximity; as for technology transfer, geographical proximity has neither substitutional or complementarity relations with cultural and cognitive proximities, the interrelatedness between geographical and institutional and social proximities are complementarity which is opposed to paper co-publications. This study explores the differences in spillover mechanisms of different knowledge types and contributes to enriching the empirical framework of multidimensional proximities and innovation network researches.
{"title":"The effects of proximities on the evolving structure of intercity innovation networks in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area: comparison between scientific and technology knowledge","authors":"Hai-long Ma, Xuanfang Xu","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2085154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2085154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The various knowledge flows shape and change the regional innovation patterns, which are also influenced by regional conditions. What are the similarities, differences and connections between science and technology linkage, as two different types of knowledge network, deserve to be explored in depth. Drawing on scientific paper co-publications and patent transfer data, we constructed two different types of intercity innovation networks during 2006–2016 in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), a city region special for its ‘one country, two systems’ structure. After that, we explored the evolutionary characteristics of the networks and further examined the different impacts of multidimensional proximity on scientific collaboration and technology transfer. Our results show that technology transfer is more sensitive to spatial factors, institutional barriers caused by ‘one country, two systems’ is a bigger obstacle to technology transfer between cities, cultural proximity and cognitive proximity have a more significant impact on paper cooperation network. Moreover, geographical proximity can indirectly affect knowledge spillover by acting on the proximity of other dimensions. As for scientific collaboration, social, cognitive and institutional proximities can compensate for the lack of geographical proximity, and cultural proximity frequently goes along with geographical proximity; as for technology transfer, geographical proximity has neither substitutional or complementarity relations with cultural and cognitive proximities, the interrelatedness between geographical and institutional and social proximities are complementarity which is opposed to paper co-publications. This study explores the differences in spillover mechanisms of different knowledge types and contributes to enriching the empirical framework of multidimensional proximities and innovation network researches.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"390 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48084730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2089202
I. Tsai
ABSTRACT This paper takes the London housing market as an example to discuss whether housing markets with more significant overheating effects have a greater influence on other housing markets. The spillover effect of London’s housing market has been the subject of much literature, but the empirical results of the relevant literature are inconsistent. This paper proposed a new perspective to explain these inconsistent conclusions: Whether the housing market is overheated or not can affect the spread effect of a regional housing market. The paper estimated the indicators of real estate overheated behaviours and market connectedness. Further, it revealed that when real estate overheated behaviours became more severe, the irrationally high house prices resulted in spread effects. The empirical results also showed that when the overheating effect occurred in London’s housing market, the rental yield of its adjacent regions significantly increased; specifically, the rental yield of a region increased with its closeness to London. The results of this study provide an explanation for the variation in spread effects. This study also indicated that when studying the influence of the relatively booming housing markets on other regions, it is necessary to test the prosperity status of these housing markets to more accurately estimate the spread effects of these markets.
{"title":"Overheated behaviours and spread effects: an analysis of London’s housing market","authors":"I. Tsai","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2089202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2089202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper takes the London housing market as an example to discuss whether housing markets with more significant overheating effects have a greater influence on other housing markets. The spillover effect of London’s housing market has been the subject of much literature, but the empirical results of the relevant literature are inconsistent. This paper proposed a new perspective to explain these inconsistent conclusions: Whether the housing market is overheated or not can affect the spread effect of a regional housing market. The paper estimated the indicators of real estate overheated behaviours and market connectedness. Further, it revealed that when real estate overheated behaviours became more severe, the irrationally high house prices resulted in spread effects. The empirical results also showed that when the overheating effect occurred in London’s housing market, the rental yield of its adjacent regions significantly increased; specifically, the rental yield of a region increased with its closeness to London. The results of this study provide an explanation for the variation in spread effects. This study also indicated that when studying the influence of the relatively booming housing markets on other regions, it is necessary to test the prosperity status of these housing markets to more accurately estimate the spread effects of these markets.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"65 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41849721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2085153
K. Zhu, Jili Xu, Xiangyue Wang
ABSTRACT Urban innovation space functions not only as physical carriers for innovative activities but also as coordinating entities for balancing innovation production and talents’ living demands in the city. However, existing studies pay inadequate attention to the demand side of high-skilled talents who build urban innovation space. This paper, therefore, focuses on the evolution of urban innovation space and its spatial relationships with supporting factors (i.e. high-tech enterprises, intellectual carriers, public transportation, commercial facilities) satisfying talents’ living demands in Hangzhou, China. It is found that the urban innovation space in Hangzhou has evolved from a monocentric pattern towards a polycentric one, which is coined as ‘one main core, three sub-cores and six groups’. The spatial agglomerations of high-tech enterprises reflect the recent expansion trends of urban innovation space. The intellectual carriers have intensified a high-level spatial agglomeration of innovation in central and peripheral urban areas. Transportation conditions operate to enhance the agglomeration and selective dissemination of urban innovation space along key traffic corridors. Urban innovation space is primarily located within the service scope of business and commercial facilities. In short, the four supporting factors spatially match well with the urban innovation space in Hangzhou at present, which contributes to sustainable innovation and people-oriented urban development.
{"title":"The evolution of urban innovation space and its spatial relationships with talents’ living demands: evidence from Hangzhou, China","authors":"K. Zhu, Jili Xu, Xiangyue Wang","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2085153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2085153","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urban innovation space functions not only as physical carriers for innovative activities but also as coordinating entities for balancing innovation production and talents’ living demands in the city. However, existing studies pay inadequate attention to the demand side of high-skilled talents who build urban innovation space. This paper, therefore, focuses on the evolution of urban innovation space and its spatial relationships with supporting factors (i.e. high-tech enterprises, intellectual carriers, public transportation, commercial facilities) satisfying talents’ living demands in Hangzhou, China. It is found that the urban innovation space in Hangzhou has evolved from a monocentric pattern towards a polycentric one, which is coined as ‘one main core, three sub-cores and six groups’. The spatial agglomerations of high-tech enterprises reflect the recent expansion trends of urban innovation space. The intellectual carriers have intensified a high-level spatial agglomeration of innovation in central and peripheral urban areas. Transportation conditions operate to enhance the agglomeration and selective dissemination of urban innovation space along key traffic corridors. Urban innovation space is primarily located within the service scope of business and commercial facilities. In short, the four supporting factors spatially match well with the urban innovation space in Hangzhou at present, which contributes to sustainable innovation and people-oriented urban development.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"442 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41551771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-08DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2085152
Fei Wang, N. Gu
ABSTRACT Analyzing and understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics and the driving factors of urban expansion over time is crucial for providing solutions to address social, economic and ecological problems caused by urbanisation. Previous studies generally relied on remote sensing data and examined the process of urban expansion in relatively shorter time periods. Taking Xi'an as the case study, this paper uses the proposed urban boundary extraction method by integrating multi-source data to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of long-term urban expansion. The research focuses on indicators including expansion intensity, expansion direction, city centre of gravity, compactness, and elasticity, and identify and discusses the driving factors of urban expansion. The results show that the urban expansion of Xi'an has undergone two cyclical changes during 1930-2014. The urban form presents a 'horizontal rectangle-inverted triangle-concave' evolution feature. The city centre of gravity shifts to the northwest. The compactness continues to decline, and the elasticity coefficient rise. It has been identified that economic and demographic factors together with the industrial structure have driven urban expansion, and urban planning policies has influenced the directions of the expansion. The conservation of great ruins in Xi'an has affected the evolution of its urban morphology. Based on the results, we further discuss the future expansion directions of the city, and provide specific suggestions for future urban planning in order to better coordinate urban expansion, and at the same time provide adequate protection to large heritage sites and support urban sustainability. These findings provide not only valuable insights about urban planning of Xi'an, the methodological approach developed in this research is also applicable to other historic cities with similar characteristics in China and beyond.
{"title":"Exploring the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving factors of urban expansion in Xi'an during 1930–2014","authors":"Fei Wang, N. Gu","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2085152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2085152","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Analyzing and understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics and the driving factors of urban expansion over time is crucial for providing solutions to address social, economic and ecological problems caused by urbanisation. Previous studies generally relied on remote sensing data and examined the process of urban expansion in relatively shorter time periods. Taking Xi'an as the case study, this paper uses the proposed urban boundary extraction method by integrating multi-source data to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of long-term urban expansion. The research focuses on indicators including expansion intensity, expansion direction, city centre of gravity, compactness, and elasticity, and identify and discusses the driving factors of urban expansion. The results show that the urban expansion of Xi'an has undergone two cyclical changes during 1930-2014. The urban form presents a 'horizontal rectangle-inverted triangle-concave' evolution feature. The city centre of gravity shifts to the northwest. The compactness continues to decline, and the elasticity coefficient rise. It has been identified that economic and demographic factors together with the industrial structure have driven urban expansion, and urban planning policies has influenced the directions of the expansion. The conservation of great ruins in Xi'an has affected the evolution of its urban morphology. Based on the results, we further discuss the future expansion directions of the city, and provide specific suggestions for future urban planning in order to better coordinate urban expansion, and at the same time provide adequate protection to large heritage sites and support urban sustainability. These findings provide not only valuable insights about urban planning of Xi'an, the methodological approach developed in this research is also applicable to other historic cities with similar characteristics in China and beyond.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"39 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44826910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2074076
Juhyun Lee, Julia Babcock, T. Pham, T. Bui, Myunggu Kang
ABSTRACT Smart city initiatives have the potential to address many contemporary urban challenges, utilizing information and technology. Increasingly, smart cities are considered as social innovation processes to achieve sustainable and inclusive urban development, being influenced by broader socio-economic and institutional contexts of cities. This paper explores ‘smart city transitions’ across varied urban contexts, in particular, how smart city transitions are enacted and how they contribute to inclusive urban transformation and public value. Using a multiple case studies approach, the research investigated infrastructure planning practices in Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Seoul in Korea, Portland in the U.S. and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in Vietnam, cities that were known for strong efforts to establish integrated platforms to enhance societal benefits. Our analysis showed that each city has addressed its goals around sustainability, equity and affordability by reinforcing the engagement of multiple actors with the support of integrated platforms that facilitate open and multi-directional information flow in a transparent manner. In Amsterdam, innovative solutions for sustainable use of resources have been invented and distributed through multi-level social networks, contributing to the transformation into a circular economy. In Seoul and HCMC, the city's persistent efforts to utilize an open and integrated platform resulted in proactive engagement and collaboration of public and private actors in improving quality, equity and efficiency of transit services. Portland has tackled inequitable access and mistrust issues by setting principles for data governance and facilitating equity in the adoption of innovative technologies. Our research revealed that four cities established different forms of integrated platforms such as a centrally-controlled platform and a community-centred platform in order to address specific socio-economic issues within an institutional setting of each city. We concluded that building an integrated platform is not easy, but it is a critical prerequisite for the process of sustainable transformation to truly achieve smart cities across the globe.
{"title":"Smart city as a social transition towards inclusive development through technology: a tale of four smart cities","authors":"Juhyun Lee, Julia Babcock, T. Pham, T. Bui, Myunggu Kang","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2074076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2074076","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Smart city initiatives have the potential to address many contemporary urban challenges, utilizing information and technology. Increasingly, smart cities are considered as social innovation processes to achieve sustainable and inclusive urban development, being influenced by broader socio-economic and institutional contexts of cities. This paper explores ‘smart city transitions’ across varied urban contexts, in particular, how smart city transitions are enacted and how they contribute to inclusive urban transformation and public value. Using a multiple case studies approach, the research investigated infrastructure planning practices in Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Seoul in Korea, Portland in the U.S. and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in Vietnam, cities that were known for strong efforts to establish integrated platforms to enhance societal benefits. Our analysis showed that each city has addressed its goals around sustainability, equity and affordability by reinforcing the engagement of multiple actors with the support of integrated platforms that facilitate open and multi-directional information flow in a transparent manner. In Amsterdam, innovative solutions for sustainable use of resources have been invented and distributed through multi-level social networks, contributing to the transformation into a circular economy. In Seoul and HCMC, the city's persistent efforts to utilize an open and integrated platform resulted in proactive engagement and collaboration of public and private actors in improving quality, equity and efficiency of transit services. Portland has tackled inequitable access and mistrust issues by setting principles for data governance and facilitating equity in the adoption of innovative technologies. Our research revealed that four cities established different forms of integrated platforms such as a centrally-controlled platform and a community-centred platform in order to address specific socio-economic issues within an institutional setting of each city. We concluded that building an integrated platform is not easy, but it is a critical prerequisite for the process of sustainable transformation to truly achieve smart cities across the globe.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"75 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47368578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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