Pub Date : 2022-05-20DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210221-00060
K P Wu, P Chen, T F Ru, L Yuan, H Luo, W G Xie
<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the effects of bicycle ergometer rehabilitation training on quadriceps and walking ability of patients with lower limb dysfunction caused by extensive burns. <b>Methods:</b> A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. A total of 40 patients with extensive burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University＆Wuhan Third Hospital from December 2017 to December 2020 were selected. According to the random number table, the patients were divided into conventional training group (16 males, 4 females, aged (45±10) years) and combined training group (13 males, 7 females, aged (39±8) years). Patients in conventional training group were given conventional rehabilitation therapy such as joint loosening, lower limb strength training, walking training, and pressure therapy, while patients in combined training group were given additional bicycle ergometer rehabilitation training on the basis of conventional rehabilitation. For patients in the 2 groups before and after a 2-month's treatment, the thickness of quadriceps was measured by ultrasonic diagnostic instrument, the muscle strength of quadriceps was measured by portable muscle strength tester, the walking ability was tested with a 6-min and a 10-meter walk tests, and the patients' satisfaction for treatment effects was assessed using the modified Likert scale. Data were statistically analyzed with independent or paired sample <i>t</i> test, Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, or chi-square test. <b>Results:</b> After 2-month's treatment, the quadriceps thickness of patients in combined training group was (3.76±0.39) cm, which was significantly thicker than (3.45±0.35) cm in conventional training group (<i>t</i>=2.67, <i>P</i><0.05); quadriceps thickness of patients in conventional training group and combined training group after 2-month's treatment was significantly thicker than that before treatment (with <i>t</i> values of 5.99 and 8.62, respectively, <i>P</i><0.01). After 2-month's treatment, the quadriceps muscle strength of patients in combined training group was significantly greater than that in conventional training group (<i>Z</i>=2.69, <i>P</i><0.01); quadriceps muscle strength of patients in conventional training group and combined training group after 2-month's treatment was significantly greater than that before treatment (with <i>Z</i> values of 3.92 and 3.92, respectively, <i>P</i><0.01). After 2-month's treatment, the 6-min walking distance of patients in combined training group was (488±39) m, which was significantly longer than (429±25) m in conventional training group (<i>t</i>=5.66, <i>P</i><0.01); the 6-min walking distance of patients after 2-month's treatment in conventional training group and combined training group was significantly longer than that before treatment (with <i>t</i> values of 13.16 and 17.92, respectively, <i>P</i><0.01). After 2-month's treatment, the 10-met
目的探讨自行车测力计康复训练对大面积烧伤下肢功能障碍患者股四头肌和行走能力的影响。方法：进行前瞻性随机对照研究：进行前瞻性随机对照研究。选取武汉大学同仁医院暨武汉市第三医院2017年12月至2020年12月收治的符合纳入标准的大面积烧伤患者共40例。根据随机数字表将患者分为常规训练组（男16例，女4例，年龄（45±10）岁）和联合训练组（男13例，女7例，年龄（39±8）岁）。常规训练组患者给予关节松动、下肢力量训练、步行训练、压力治疗等常规康复治疗，联合训练组患者在常规康复治疗的基础上增加自行车测力计康复训练。两组患者在治疗前后各2个月，分别用超声波诊断仪测量股四头肌厚度，用便携式肌力测试仪测量股四头肌肌力，用6分钟和10米步行测试步行能力，用改良李克特量表评估患者对治疗效果的满意度。数据采用独立或配对样本 t 检验、曼-惠特尼 U 检验、Wilcoxon 符号秩检验或卡方检验进行统计分析。结果治疗 2 个月后，联合训练组患者的股四头肌厚度为（3.76±0.39）cm，明显比常规训练组的（3.45±0.35）cm 厚（t=2.67，Pt 值分别为 5.99 和 8.62，PZ=2）。62，PZ=2.69，PZ值分别为3.92和3.92，Pt=5.66，Pt值分别为13.16和17.92，Pt=3.20，Pt值分别为7.21和13.13，PZ=3.14，PZ值分别为3.98和4.04，PC结论：自行车测力计康复训练可用于改善大面积烧伤所致下肢功能障碍患者的股四头肌厚度、肌力和行走能力。它还能提高患者对治疗效果的满意度，因此值得推广。
{"title":"[A prospective randomized controlled study on the effects of bicycle ergometer rehabilitation training on quadriceps and walking ability of patients with lower limb dysfunction caused by extensive burns].","authors":"K P Wu, P Chen, T F Ru, L Yuan, H Luo, W G Xie","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210221-00060","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210221-00060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the effects of bicycle ergometer rehabilitation training on quadriceps and walking ability of patients with lower limb dysfunction caused by extensive burns. <b>Methods:</b> A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. A total of 40 patients with extensive burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University＆Wuhan Third Hospital from December 2017 to December 2020 were selected. According to the random number table, the patients were divided into conventional training group (16 males, 4 females, aged (45±10) years) and combined training group (13 males, 7 females, aged (39±8) years). Patients in conventional training group were given conventional rehabilitation therapy such as joint loosening, lower limb strength training, walking training, and pressure therapy, while patients in combined training group were given additional bicycle ergometer rehabilitation training on the basis of conventional rehabilitation. For patients in the 2 groups before and after a 2-month's treatment, the thickness of quadriceps was measured by ultrasonic diagnostic instrument, the muscle strength of quadriceps was measured by portable muscle strength tester, the walking ability was tested with a 6-min and a 10-meter walk tests, and the patients' satisfaction for treatment effects was assessed using the modified Likert scale. Data were statistically analyzed with independent or paired sample <i>t</i> test, Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, or chi-square test. <b>Results:</b> After 2-month's treatment, the quadriceps thickness of patients in combined training group was (3.76±0.39) cm, which was significantly thicker than (3.45±0.35) cm in conventional training group (<i>t</i>=2.67, <i>P</i><0.05); quadriceps thickness of patients in conventional training group and combined training group after 2-month's treatment was significantly thicker than that before treatment (with <i>t</i> values of 5.99 and 8.62, respectively, <i>P</i><0.01). After 2-month's treatment, the quadriceps muscle strength of patients in combined training group was significantly greater than that in conventional training group (<i>Z</i>=2.69, <i>P</i><0.01); quadriceps muscle strength of patients in conventional training group and combined training group after 2-month's treatment was significantly greater than that before treatment (with <i>Z</i> values of 3.92 and 3.92, respectively, <i>P</i><0.01). After 2-month's treatment, the 6-min walking distance of patients in combined training group was (488±39) m, which was significantly longer than (429±25) m in conventional training group (<i>t</i>=5.66, <i>P</i><0.01); the 6-min walking distance of patients after 2-month's treatment in conventional training group and combined training group was significantly longer than that before treatment (with <i>t</i> values of 13.16 and 17.92, respectively, <i>P</i><0.01). After 2-month's treatment, the 10-met","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"447-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83730337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2072939
J. Adianto, R. T. Gabe
ABSTRACT This empirical study suggests an alternative housing priority for the housing pathways of low-income migrants. An economic perspective has been the dominant paradigm in determining urban housing trajectories and has been cemented as the pedestal of the housing provision programme. However, this study is conducted in the highest density sub-districts of each of Jakarta’s five municipalities with mixed research method, evinces that forced eviction is one of the pivotal determinants of the housing pathway of low-income households and spatial dispersal is embedded in webs of kinship. Having lost their livelihood assets through hazard or eviction, low-income migrants move to the city to recuperate their loses by living with or near other family members. Through collective efficacy, their place attachment solidifies and confines their housing pathway to a short distance from other family and kin members.
{"title":"Alternative housing priorities for low-income migrants in Jakarta, Indonesia","authors":"J. Adianto, R. T. Gabe","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2072939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2072939","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This empirical study suggests an alternative housing priority for the housing pathways of low-income migrants. An economic perspective has been the dominant paradigm in determining urban housing trajectories and has been cemented as the pedestal of the housing provision programme. However, this study is conducted in the highest density sub-districts of each of Jakarta’s five municipalities with mixed research method, evinces that forced eviction is one of the pivotal determinants of the housing pathway of low-income households and spatial dispersal is embedded in webs of kinship. Having lost their livelihood assets through hazard or eviction, low-income migrants move to the city to recuperate their loses by living with or near other family members. Through collective efficacy, their place attachment solidifies and confines their housing pathway to a short distance from other family and kin members.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"93 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41482384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2072940
A. Lotfata, Ran Tao, Yanfang Su
ABSTRACT This paper evaluates hypothesized dual uses of the public schools to increase walking accessibility to open spaces as a part of the permanent urban interventions. The Two-step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method was adopted to measure the 20 min walking accessibility of the public schools in Cook County, the home of the Chicago Metropolitan. We further used the bivariate local Moran I to examine the potential inequality issues in the spatial distribution of the school sites within walking distance. The result reveals geographically varying walking access to public schools. The lowest walking access is predominant across Cook County, including historically racially discriminated areas. This study sets an example of managing the underuse of urban facilities to benefit the neighboring communities. In addition, it provides a snapshot of the relationship between urban planning and geography. Planning should overlap with geography when it examines the spaces of everyday life, spatial relationships among its different dimensions, and the processes that create them.
{"title":"Evaluating the walking accessibility of Cook County’s public schools to use as open space","authors":"A. Lotfata, Ran Tao, Yanfang Su","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2072940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2072940","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper evaluates hypothesized dual uses of the public schools to increase walking accessibility to open spaces as a part of the permanent urban interventions. The Two-step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method was adopted to measure the 20 min walking accessibility of the public schools in Cook County, the home of the Chicago Metropolitan. We further used the bivariate local Moran I to examine the potential inequality issues in the spatial distribution of the school sites within walking distance. The result reveals geographically varying walking access to public schools. The lowest walking access is predominant across Cook County, including historically racially discriminated areas. This study sets an example of managing the underuse of urban facilities to benefit the neighboring communities. In addition, it provides a snapshot of the relationship between urban planning and geography. Planning should overlap with geography when it examines the spaces of everyday life, spatial relationships among its different dimensions, and the processes that create them.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42840347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2063160
M. Yılmaz, Aslı Ulubaş Hamurcu
ABSTRACT This study aims to find out specific relationships between socio-demographic and spatio-temporal distribution patterns of COVID-19 cases. Istanbul being one of the most dynamic and overpopulated cities in Turkey is chosen as the case area. The study explores the spatio-temporal spread pattern of COVID-19 between 24 September and 12 December 2020 in 960 neighbourhoods of Istanbul using spatial statistical analysis. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) methods are used to explain how socio-demographic structure and intensity of COVID-19 cases are related. The results of the study show that gender, household size, and population density are important drivers of exposure to COVID-19. Education level is also found statistically significant though having a weaker effect on spatio-temporal distribution pattern of COVID-19. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will be used by the decision-makers to take action to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic – and any other upcoming and unexpected diseases – and to improve the existing conditions to overcome such vulnerabilities to possible risk factors.
{"title":"Relationships between socio-demographic structure and spatio-temporal distribution patterns of COVID-19 cases in Istanbul, Turkey","authors":"M. Yılmaz, Aslı Ulubaş Hamurcu","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2063160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2063160","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to find out specific relationships between socio-demographic and spatio-temporal distribution patterns of COVID-19 cases. Istanbul being one of the most dynamic and overpopulated cities in Turkey is chosen as the case area. The study explores the spatio-temporal spread pattern of COVID-19 between 24 September and 12 December 2020 in 960 neighbourhoods of Istanbul using spatial statistical analysis. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) methods are used to explain how socio-demographic structure and intensity of COVID-19 cases are related. The results of the study show that gender, household size, and population density are important drivers of exposure to COVID-19. Education level is also found statistically significant though having a weaker effect on spatio-temporal distribution pattern of COVID-19. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will be used by the decision-makers to take action to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic – and any other upcoming and unexpected diseases – and to improve the existing conditions to overcome such vulnerabilities to possible risk factors.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"557 - 581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42900768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2063162
F. Deng
ABSTRACT Cities in transitional economies have experienced rising mobility and the simultaneous evolution of urban governance. This paper explores the relationship between both inter-city migration and intra-city residential mobility and urban governance, especially in the Chinese city, through theoretical reasoning and synthesizing previous works. While acknowledging that inter-city migration may force cities to improve urban governance through the agglomeration economy, I argue that, by weakening wage capitalization, inter-city migration strengthens property interests in urban governance, pushing it towards the progrowth model. The same mechanism applies to intra-city mobility. Besides, rising mobility weakens social control in the Chinese city, which faces a dilemma: grassroots governments are expected to strengthen social control after the decline of work unit, but they are gradually marginalized in private gated communities that are dominant in Chinese cities. The observed downward turn of residential mobility for local residents in the 2000s and continuously rising mobility for migrants are partly due to the homeownership effect and, as I emphasized in this paper, partly due to the protection for property owners from territorial organizations and urban governance at large. Highlights Co-evolution of mobility and urban governance in Chinese cities. Rising mobility strengthens rent capitalization, supporting progrowth governance. Rising mobility weakens social control. The rich’s lower mobility is partly due to protection from HOAs and urban governance.
{"title":"Urban governance in an increasingly mobile society: the case of Chinese cities","authors":"F. Deng","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2063162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2063162","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cities in transitional economies have experienced rising mobility and the simultaneous evolution of urban governance. This paper explores the relationship between both inter-city migration and intra-city residential mobility and urban governance, especially in the Chinese city, through theoretical reasoning and synthesizing previous works. While acknowledging that inter-city migration may force cities to improve urban governance through the agglomeration economy, I argue that, by weakening wage capitalization, inter-city migration strengthens property interests in urban governance, pushing it towards the progrowth model. The same mechanism applies to intra-city mobility. Besides, rising mobility weakens social control in the Chinese city, which faces a dilemma: grassroots governments are expected to strengthen social control after the decline of work unit, but they are gradually marginalized in private gated communities that are dominant in Chinese cities. The observed downward turn of residential mobility for local residents in the 2000s and continuously rising mobility for migrants are partly due to the homeownership effect and, as I emphasized in this paper, partly due to the protection for property owners from territorial organizations and urban governance at large. Highlights Co-evolution of mobility and urban governance in Chinese cities. Rising mobility strengthens rent capitalization, supporting progrowth governance. Rising mobility weakens social control. The rich’s lower mobility is partly due to protection from HOAs and urban governance.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"672 - 690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49208249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2063158
Yirang Lim, J. Edelenbos, A. Gianoli
ABSTRACT This paper aims to explain how the governance model changes in smart cities by using South Korea's experience as a case study. South Korean smart city development is divided into three phases according to the national master plan and maturity of smart cities. Phase 1 took place from 2008 to 2013, phase 2 extended from 2014 to 2018, and phase 3 began in 2019 and will last into 2023. The cases under consideration are three representative smart cities: Seoul, Songdo, and Sejong. The analysis traces how the governance model of each city changes throughout the three phases. According to stakeholders’ roles and relationships, the governance model is categorized into four types (corporate, market, multilevel, and network governance). The governance model in all three cities showed little change. In Seoul and Songdo, market governance was dominant, while in Sejong, multilevel governance was. However, in phase 3, the institutional setting is changing to facilitate network governance in all three cities. The government guided the collaboration, giving more opportunities for private, academic, and civil actors to engage.
{"title":"Dynamics in the governance of smart cities: insights from South Korean smart cities","authors":"Yirang Lim, J. Edelenbos, A. Gianoli","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2063158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2063158","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper aims to explain how the governance model changes in smart cities by using South Korea's experience as a case study. South Korean smart city development is divided into three phases according to the national master plan and maturity of smart cities. Phase 1 took place from 2008 to 2013, phase 2 extended from 2014 to 2018, and phase 3 began in 2019 and will last into 2023. The cases under consideration are three representative smart cities: Seoul, Songdo, and Sejong. The analysis traces how the governance model of each city changes throughout the three phases. According to stakeholders’ roles and relationships, the governance model is categorized into four types (corporate, market, multilevel, and network governance). The governance model in all three cities showed little change. In Seoul and Songdo, market governance was dominant, while in Sejong, multilevel governance was. However, in phase 3, the institutional setting is changing to facilitate network governance in all three cities. The government guided the collaboration, giving more opportunities for private, academic, and civil actors to engage.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"183 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42238399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2063159
Aidong Zhao, Jinsheng Huang, H. Ploegmakers, Jing Lan, Erwin van der Krabbene, Xianlei Ma
Abstract Industrial land expansion has become a matter of increasing concern to policy-makers, especially in developing and emerging manufacturing countries. Price mechanisms are regarded as an important way to control the expansion of industrial land. For industrial land, the effectiveness of a price mechanism in controlling land expansion relies substantially on the substitutability of land in production, which remains unclear in the literature. This paper provides empirical evidence on the substitutability of industrial land by examining the impact of increases in land prices on the elasticity of substitution between land input and other production factors based on China’s city-level industrial production in 2007–2015. We find that land price increases significantly induce the industrial sector to reduce land demand by substituting capital for land. However, our estimated elasticity of substitution of capital for land in production is only 0.03, which indicates that industrial land is substitutable but the degree of substitutability is very low in production. The findings of our study suggest that the benefits of relying on price mechanisms to curb industrial land expansion may be very limited; hence, traditional planning instruments should also be suitably designed to jointly curb industrial land expansion.
{"title":"Can land prices be used to curb urban industrial land expansion? An explanation from the perspective of substitutability of land in production","authors":"Aidong Zhao, Jinsheng Huang, H. Ploegmakers, Jing Lan, Erwin van der Krabbene, Xianlei Ma","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2063159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2063159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Industrial land expansion has become a matter of increasing concern to policy-makers, especially in developing and emerging manufacturing countries. Price mechanisms are regarded as an important way to control the expansion of industrial land. For industrial land, the effectiveness of a price mechanism in controlling land expansion relies substantially on the substitutability of land in production, which remains unclear in the literature. This paper provides empirical evidence on the substitutability of industrial land by examining the impact of increases in land prices on the elasticity of substitution between land input and other production factors based on China’s city-level industrial production in 2007–2015. We find that land price increases significantly induce the industrial sector to reduce land demand by substituting capital for land. However, our estimated elasticity of substitution of capital for land in production is only 0.03, which indicates that industrial land is substitutable but the degree of substitutability is very low in production. The findings of our study suggest that the benefits of relying on price mechanisms to curb industrial land expansion may be very limited; hence, traditional planning instruments should also be suitably designed to jointly curb industrial land expansion.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"651 - 671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41784028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1911675
M. Consuelo Colom Andrés, M. Cruz Molés Machí
ABSTRACT In this study, we identify and analyse the key determinants of the housing tenure regime and residential independence of young adults in Spain. We use a multilevel strategy that allows us to take into account the heterogeneity amongst regions in both homeownership rate and residential independence rate. Our focus is on young adults as this group have a significant effect on the real estate market. Furthermore, young adults are at an age in their life cycle when important events occur. The results show that demographic factors are more important than economic factors in both processes. Also, for these young adults, the sociocultural norms of each region are not the main criteria in housing tenure and residential independence. Given the recent changes seen in the type of cohabitation, we also analyse the housing tenure for different groups of young adults according to their living arrangements (alone, married couple or common-law couple). For young adults living alone, we find there is little variability among regions. Differences are seen in the factors that influence homeownership among young adults who have formalized their union through marriage and those who are part of a common-law couple.
{"title":"Housing tenure of young people through a multilevel strategy: differences according to living arrangements","authors":"M. Consuelo Colom Andrés, M. Cruz Molés Machí","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2021.1911675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2021.1911675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we identify and analyse the key determinants of the housing tenure regime and residential independence of young adults in Spain. We use a multilevel strategy that allows us to take into account the heterogeneity amongst regions in both homeownership rate and residential independence rate. Our focus is on young adults as this group have a significant effect on the real estate market. Furthermore, young adults are at an age in their life cycle when important events occur. The results show that demographic factors are more important than economic factors in both processes. Also, for these young adults, the sociocultural norms of each region are not the main criteria in housing tenure and residential independence. Given the recent changes seen in the type of cohabitation, we also analyse the housing tenure for different groups of young adults according to their living arrangements (alone, married couple or common-law couple). For young adults living alone, we find there is little variability among regions. Differences are seen in the factors that influence homeownership among young adults who have formalized their union through marriage and those who are part of a common-law couple.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"268 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76118069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2042364
Francisco Javier Garrido-Jiménez, F. Magrinyà, María Consuelo del Moral-Ávila
ABSTRACT Research has shown the existence of strong links between physical configuration of the urban settlements and the economic metabolism of public services. However, this relationship has a different intensity depending on the nature of each service, resting exclusively on the services ‘to property’, that is, those ensuring smooth functionality of the buildings and public spaces. In such services, the operating cost per unit developed area largely depends on representative variables of the urban pattern. For instance, the length of roads per unit developed area impacts the operating costs of linear services, such as street lighting, street cleaning and, together with housing density, on the operating costs of water cycle, waste collection and disposal. Moreover, the maintenance costs of pavements, parks, and gardens are directly proportional to the dimension of the public space. Therefore, the economic weight of services ‘to property’ in the current budget of public administration highlights how vulnerable these budgets are against changes in the urban pattern and determines the expected maximum economic impact of any measure adopted through urban planning. Thus, the main objective of this study is to define, from a theoretical perspective, an indicator representative of the economic weight of the operating cost of the services ‘to property’ upon public administration budgets, capable of delimiting the relationship between the budgets and urban patterns. In addition, to show its utility, this urban-economic indicator has been computed for a sample of medium-sized Spanish cities, showing that, on an average, a quarter of the operating cost of urban public services is directly linked to urban patterns, highlighting the potential impact of urban planning decisions on the economic sustainability of urban settlements.
{"title":"Impact of urban pattern on operating costs of public services: quantification through the economic weight of services ‘to property’","authors":"Francisco Javier Garrido-Jiménez, F. Magrinyà, María Consuelo del Moral-Ávila","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2042364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2042364","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research has shown the existence of strong links between physical configuration of the urban settlements and the economic metabolism of public services. However, this relationship has a different intensity depending on the nature of each service, resting exclusively on the services ‘to property’, that is, those ensuring smooth functionality of the buildings and public spaces. In such services, the operating cost per unit developed area largely depends on representative variables of the urban pattern. For instance, the length of roads per unit developed area impacts the operating costs of linear services, such as street lighting, street cleaning and, together with housing density, on the operating costs of water cycle, waste collection and disposal. Moreover, the maintenance costs of pavements, parks, and gardens are directly proportional to the dimension of the public space. Therefore, the economic weight of services ‘to property’ in the current budget of public administration highlights how vulnerable these budgets are against changes in the urban pattern and determines the expected maximum economic impact of any measure adopted through urban planning. Thus, the main objective of this study is to define, from a theoretical perspective, an indicator representative of the economic weight of the operating cost of the services ‘to property’ upon public administration budgets, capable of delimiting the relationship between the budgets and urban patterns. In addition, to show its utility, this urban-economic indicator has been computed for a sample of medium-sized Spanish cities, showing that, on an average, a quarter of the operating cost of urban public services is directly linked to urban patterns, highlighting the potential impact of urban planning decisions on the economic sustainability of urban settlements.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"541 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59662282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2044890
H. Sayarshad
ABSTRACT A road traffic accident is an unexpected, irregular activity on the road network that sources a high excess demand relative to the reduced road capacity, resulting in traffic congestion and delays for travellers. The emergency response agencies need to shortly discover, respond to, and clear road traffic accidents in order to decrease the impacts of incidents on traffic congestion. To create an intelligent incident management response system for road networks, real-time data on traffic volumes and accident rates can be used in a queuing model for the allocation/relocation of available resources in response to incidents. In this study, a new queuing-based formulation is proposed for determining the positioning of emergency response units. The greatest benefit of the proposed dynamic model is a reduction in the time it takes response teams to clear accidents, remove debris on the roadway, and restore the normal traffic network. The analysis of actual accident data from New York City demonstrated that the proposed dynamic allocation strategy can contribute to reducing the total waiting time caused by accidents on roads instead of simply minimizing the average response times. The obtained results from testing the presented model revealed that the average costs in terms of the response time and the average delay reduced by 45% and 38%, in comparison to the static deployment model, respectively. HIGHLIGHTS A queuing model by characterizing the traffic congestion information is proposed. A dynamic policy of allocating response units using a queue system is studied. We study the advantages of our non-myopic model over the alternative myopic case. We show the effectiveness of the model by testing it on New York city incident data. The proposed dispatching strategy reduces the response time and the average delay.
{"title":"Designing an intelligent emergency response system to minimize the impacts of traffic incidents: a new approximation queuing model","authors":"H. Sayarshad","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2044890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2044890","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A road traffic accident is an unexpected, irregular activity on the road network that sources a high excess demand relative to the reduced road capacity, resulting in traffic congestion and delays for travellers. The emergency response agencies need to shortly discover, respond to, and clear road traffic accidents in order to decrease the impacts of incidents on traffic congestion. To create an intelligent incident management response system for road networks, real-time data on traffic volumes and accident rates can be used in a queuing model for the allocation/relocation of available resources in response to incidents. In this study, a new queuing-based formulation is proposed for determining the positioning of emergency response units. The greatest benefit of the proposed dynamic model is a reduction in the time it takes response teams to clear accidents, remove debris on the roadway, and restore the normal traffic network. The analysis of actual accident data from New York City demonstrated that the proposed dynamic allocation strategy can contribute to reducing the total waiting time caused by accidents on roads instead of simply minimizing the average response times. The obtained results from testing the presented model revealed that the average costs in terms of the response time and the average delay reduced by 45% and 38%, in comparison to the static deployment model, respectively. HIGHLIGHTS A queuing model by characterizing the traffic congestion information is proposed. A dynamic policy of allocating response units using a queue system is studied. We study the advantages of our non-myopic model over the alternative myopic case. We show the effectiveness of the model by testing it on New York city incident data. The proposed dispatching strategy reduces the response time and the average delay.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"691 - 709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45538104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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