Abstract:This essay introduces Plutarch's Life of Publicola as a crucially important yet previously neglected intertext. The first of two passages relevant to Shakespeare's drama involves Publicola's legislation granting immunity to anyone carrying out tyrannicide if specified conditions are met; the second concerns an abortive conspiracy against the Republic's founding consuls. In conjunction with Graeco-Roman and early modern views of tyranny and antityranny, these passages act as an imaginative matrix and new interpretative framework for Julius Caesar's engagement with tyrannicide, the constitutional implications of one-person rule, the conspirators' hands immersed in the slain Caesar's blood, and the Republic's transition to Imperial rule.
{"title":"Tyrannicide, Law, and Sacrifice in Julius Caesar","authors":"Mary Nyquist","doi":"10.1353/elh.2022.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.2022.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay introduces Plutarch's Life of Publicola as a crucially important yet previously neglected intertext. The first of two passages relevant to Shakespeare's drama involves Publicola's legislation granting immunity to anyone carrying out tyrannicide if specified conditions are met; the second concerns an abortive conspiracy against the Republic's founding consuls. In conjunction with Graeco-Roman and early modern views of tyranny and antityranny, these passages act as an imaginative matrix and new interpretative framework for Julius Caesar's engagement with tyrannicide, the constitutional implications of one-person rule, the conspirators' hands immersed in the slain Caesar's blood, and the Republic's transition to Imperial rule.","PeriodicalId":46490,"journal":{"name":"ELH","volume":"273 1","pages":"893 - 926"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73558721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Through correspondence and conversations, Virginia Woolf and Hugh Walpole developed a friendship in 1928 that lasted until their deaths. Although contemporaneously perceived as opposed to one another, as representatives of highbrow and middlebrow writing, they discussed fictional practice extensively, culminating in a dialogue between their Hogarth Letters (1932), published on the same day. Intertextual allusions to Woolf and her novels—especially To the Lighthouse (1927), Orlando (1928), and the proofs set of The Waves (1931)—in Walpole's works attest to their creatively stimulating relationship. This analysis of their overlooked friendship reveals extensive intersections between highbrow and middlebrow literary networks and the individual writers' works.
{"title":"\"Opposite Ends of the Bloody Stick\": Virginia Woolf and Hugh Walpole, Intersections of the Highbrow and Middlebrow","authors":"Parker T. Gordon","doi":"10.1353/elh.2022.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.2022.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Through correspondence and conversations, Virginia Woolf and Hugh Walpole developed a friendship in 1928 that lasted until their deaths. Although contemporaneously perceived as opposed to one another, as representatives of highbrow and middlebrow writing, they discussed fictional practice extensively, culminating in a dialogue between their Hogarth Letters (1932), published on the same day. Intertextual allusions to Woolf and her novels—especially To the Lighthouse (1927), Orlando (1928), and the proofs set of The Waves (1931)—in Walpole's works attest to their creatively stimulating relationship. This analysis of their overlooked friendship reveals extensive intersections between highbrow and middlebrow literary networks and the individual writers' works.","PeriodicalId":46490,"journal":{"name":"ELH","volume":"15 1","pages":"1107 - 1134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86155469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay considers Ben Jonson's The Staple of Newsas a reflection on the notion of media and mediation. The newstrade provides the play's satiric subject, but it is my contention that commercial news also provides Jonson the opportunity to explore ideas about competitive media and the kinds of work they do to structure and mediate communication. I argue that the interdependence of old and new media, both in performance and print, provoked consumers and producers alike to experiment with new modes of media use and understanding, modes that revisit Jonson's familiar oppositions of poetry and news within a logic of communication.
{"title":"Mediating the Old New Media: Ben Jonson's News","authors":"Nina Levine","doi":"10.1353/elh.2022.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.2022.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay considers Ben Jonson's The Staple of Newsas a reflection on the notion of media and mediation. The newstrade provides the play's satiric subject, but it is my contention that commercial news also provides Jonson the opportunity to explore ideas about competitive media and the kinds of work they do to structure and mediate communication. I argue that the interdependence of old and new media, both in performance and print, provoked consumers and producers alike to experiment with new modes of media use and understanding, modes that revisit Jonson's familiar oppositions of poetry and news within a logic of communication.","PeriodicalId":46490,"journal":{"name":"ELH","volume":"88 1","pages":"927 - 954"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77840599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay proposes re-taxonomizing the Bildungsroman as one subgenre of a long, diverse, still-vital tradition of education novels. Though first celebrated for representing a protagonist's education while promoting the education of readers, the Bildungsroman quickly acquired a negative reputation for its purported (but rarely manifested) ideological pathologies. Yet in the same era and well before, women produced more subversive novels of education that taught readers to navigate inequity while slave narratives worked pedagogically to activate political engagement. This more capacious history of educative fiction helps explain why many modern authors use the novel to convey ill-understood experiences and perspectives.
{"title":"Rethinking the Novel of Education","authors":"J. Selbin","doi":"10.1353/elh.2022.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.2022.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay proposes re-taxonomizing the Bildungsroman as one subgenre of a long, diverse, still-vital tradition of education novels. Though first celebrated for representing a protagonist's education while promoting the education of readers, the Bildungsroman quickly acquired a negative reputation for its purported (but rarely manifested) ideological pathologies. Yet in the same era and well before, women produced more subversive novels of education that taught readers to navigate inequity while slave narratives worked pedagogically to activate political engagement. This more capacious history of educative fiction helps explain why many modern authors use the novel to convey ill-understood experiences and perspectives.","PeriodicalId":46490,"journal":{"name":"ELH","volume":"113 1","pages":"1018 - 987"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80745303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:New work has revealed numerous examples of experimentation with epitaphic writing Shakespeare, and this article draws on that research to argue that Shakespearean epitaph constitutes a distinct sub-genre. It shows that the epitaphs attributed to Shakespeare have been understudied because the social paradigms of burial that inform them were underexplored until recently. It closely reads three of the epitaphs together with the tomb scene of Titus Andronicus to reveal how Shakespearean epitaph uniquely approaches encomium, memory, and the social significance of the gravesite through satirical takes on a form Phillipe Ariès termed "antiepitaph."
{"title":"Quoting the Devil: Defining the Shakespearean Epitaph","authors":"Katherine E. Blake","doi":"10.1353/elh.2022.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.2022.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:New work has revealed numerous examples of experimentation with epitaphic writing Shakespeare, and this article draws on that research to argue that Shakespearean epitaph constitutes a distinct sub-genre. It shows that the epitaphs attributed to Shakespeare have been understudied because the social paradigms of burial that inform them were underexplored until recently. It closely reads three of the epitaphs together with the tomb scene of Titus Andronicus to reveal how Shakespearean epitaph uniquely approaches encomium, memory, and the social significance of the gravesite through satirical takes on a form Phillipe Ariès termed \"antiepitaph.\"","PeriodicalId":46490,"journal":{"name":"ELH","volume":"24 1","pages":"865 - 891"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86535662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The creation of an Anglophone Lukács involved major intellectuals and exerted a significant presence over the shifting identities and ideologies of key cultural and political currents in Britain and the United States. Drawing on the archive of Lukács's British publisher, Merlin Press, the article reconstructs the translation and reception of the oeuvrein the third quarter of the twentieth century. Analyzing the period through the prism of Lukács, this article reveals the sometimes surprising prominence of a figure who revealed the complexity of the relationship it was possible to have politically with Marxism and culturally with modernism.
{"title":"Anglophone Lukács","authors":"B. Harker","doi":"10.1353/elh.2022.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.2022.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The creation of an Anglophone Lukács involved major intellectuals and exerted a significant presence over the shifting identities and ideologies of key cultural and political currents in Britain and the United States. Drawing on the archive of Lukács's British publisher, Merlin Press, the article reconstructs the translation and reception of the oeuvrein the third quarter of the twentieth century. Analyzing the period through the prism of Lukács, this article reveals the sometimes surprising prominence of a figure who revealed the complexity of the relationship it was possible to have politically with Marxism and culturally with modernism.","PeriodicalId":46490,"journal":{"name":"ELH","volume":"34 1","pages":"1135 - 1165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88462676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay extrapolates from John Jones on Keats's "feeling-states" a counterhistoricist aesthetics also germane to minoritized and postcolonial writers, and to the global citizen haplessly, today, immersed in streams of news-data. Revisiting Jerome McGann's famous attack on "To Autumn" and its "romantic ideology" (theparadigmatic instance of historicism confronting a resistant text), I consider "Dear Reynolds, as last night I lay in bed," Isabella; Or, the Pot of Basil, and the poetry of Claudia Rankine and Martin Carter, and Carter and Nissim Ezekiel's criticism, to suggest the thinking of poets about the relation of creativeness to politics outgoes critical assumptions.
{"title":"Keats, Distance, and Feeling-States","authors":"Vidyan Ravinthiran","doi":"10.1353/elh.2022.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.2022.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay extrapolates from John Jones on Keats's \"feeling-states\" a counterhistoricist aesthetics also germane to minoritized and postcolonial writers, and to the global citizen haplessly, today, immersed in streams of news-data. Revisiting Jerome McGann's famous attack on \"To Autumn\" and its \"romantic ideology\" (theparadigmatic instance of historicism confronting a resistant text), I consider \"Dear Reynolds, as last night I lay in bed,\" Isabella; Or, the Pot of Basil, and the poetry of Claudia Rankine and Martin Carter, and Carter and Nissim Ezekiel's criticism, to suggest the thinking of poets about the relation of creativeness to politics outgoes critical assumptions.","PeriodicalId":46490,"journal":{"name":"ELH","volume":"79 1","pages":"1019 - 1048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79239686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:W. E. B. Du Bois writes that during the Civil War and Reconstruction, a fervor for the ideals of democracy "swept the land with its music and poetry." But studies of the poetry of the period (at least by white poets) typically offer a more muted account, reinforcing the view that race—specifically, white supremacy—held writers back from confronting the moment's prodemocratic possibilities. To understand the emergence of abolition-democracy with more clarity, we can look to the poet Richard Realf, a British-born antislavery activist, Union soldier, and Reconstruction administrator. It is worthwhile to elevate Realf's poetry alongside that of other white Union soldiers supportive of the Radical Republicans (like Ambrose Bierce, George Henry Boker, Henry Howard Brownell, Brett Harte, and George Nichols) because his poems trace the long development of abolition-democracy from Bleeding Kansas in the 1850s through its devolution after the Panic of 1873. They articulate with stridency a utopic vision of abolition-democracy as a horizon of possibility. They strive to cultivate a class-conscious solidarity for its further development. In so doing, they challenge simple narratives about US democracy foundering on race.
{"title":"Militant Reconciliation: Richard Realf and the Poetry of Abolition-Democracy","authors":"Sean Pears","doi":"10.1353/elh.2022.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.2022.0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:W. E. B. Du Bois writes that during the Civil War and Reconstruction, a fervor for the ideals of democracy \"swept the land with its music and poetry.\" But studies of the poetry of the period (at least by white poets) typically offer a more muted account, reinforcing the view that race—specifically, white supremacy—held writers back from confronting the moment's prodemocratic possibilities. To understand the emergence of abolition-democracy with more clarity, we can look to the poet Richard Realf, a British-born antislavery activist, Union soldier, and Reconstruction administrator. It is worthwhile to elevate Realf's poetry alongside that of other white Union soldiers supportive of the Radical Republicans (like Ambrose Bierce, George Henry Boker, Henry Howard Brownell, Brett Harte, and George Nichols) because his poems trace the long development of abolition-democracy from Bleeding Kansas in the 1850s through its devolution after the Panic of 1873. They articulate with stridency a utopic vision of abolition-democracy as a horizon of possibility. They strive to cultivate a class-conscious solidarity for its further development. In so doing, they challenge simple narratives about US democracy foundering on race.","PeriodicalId":46490,"journal":{"name":"ELH","volume":"33 1","pages":"1049 - 1075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84512215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Charles Leslie, nonjuring Church of Ireland clergyman, enjoyed considerable literary success from 1704 to 1709 with his newspaper, The Rehearsal. Published weekly initially then biweekly, it was read all "over the nation" (Bishop of Salisbury, 1710), and contributed to a revival of Tory and High-Church positions during Queen's Anne's reign. Described by J. C. D. Clark as "one of the most able intellects in the Stuart cause" (1985), Leslie is usually seen as "preeminent" among the "resisters to modernity" (Robert D. Cornwall, 2010), a patriarchalist opponent of Locke, and upholder of revelation in the Age of Reason. This essay focuses instead on tensions between Leslie's Augustinian ideology and his "billingsgate" or market-place language. What concessions were involved in defending and promoting High Church patriarchalism in a world of coffee-house wit and scandalous newspapers? Examination of Leslie's strategy in shaping public opinion necessarily brings into question his relationship with the culture of sensibility, and a range of wider questions relating to enlightenment, ontology and aesthetics. His efforts to renegotiate High Church ideology within a culture beset with radical transformations in the conditions of mediation provide the crux of this essay.
{"title":"Charles Leslie: High Church Political Theology in the Literary Marketplace","authors":"Adrian Lashmore-Davies","doi":"10.1353/elh.2022.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.2022.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Charles Leslie, nonjuring Church of Ireland clergyman, enjoyed considerable literary success from 1704 to 1709 with his newspaper, The Rehearsal. Published weekly initially then biweekly, it was read all \"over the nation\" (Bishop of Salisbury, 1710), and contributed to a revival of Tory and High-Church positions during Queen's Anne's reign. Described by J. C. D. Clark as \"one of the most able intellects in the Stuart cause\" (1985), Leslie is usually seen as \"preeminent\" among the \"resisters to modernity\" (Robert D. Cornwall, 2010), a patriarchalist opponent of Locke, and upholder of revelation in the Age of Reason. This essay focuses instead on tensions between Leslie's Augustinian ideology and his \"billingsgate\" or market-place language. What concessions were involved in defending and promoting High Church patriarchalism in a world of coffee-house wit and scandalous newspapers? Examination of Leslie's strategy in shaping public opinion necessarily brings into question his relationship with the culture of sensibility, and a range of wider questions relating to enlightenment, ontology and aesthetics. His efforts to renegotiate High Church ideology within a culture beset with radical transformations in the conditions of mediation provide the crux of this essay.","PeriodicalId":46490,"journal":{"name":"ELH","volume":"27 1","pages":"955 - 986"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73888066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Critics agree that Don Quixote helped originate realism, but its influence on nineteenth-century novels has been widely misunderstood. Realist Quixotism, usually assumed to oppose book and world, in fact models a dynamic imbrication of fictionality and reality. Thus, it helps bridge the normative and utopian functions of literary realism. This concept of realism is both exemplified and theorized by Anthony Trollope's novels, which insist on the mutual construction of literary and social convention. Their metaleptic narration, Victorian marriage plots, and use of the everyday illustrate how metafictionality, counterintuitively, can help construct a sense of the realistic.
{"title":"Metafiction as Reality Effect: Trollope's Quixotism and Novel Theory","authors":"Jacob Romanow","doi":"10.1353/elh.2022.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.2022.0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Critics agree that Don Quixote helped originate realism, but its influence on nineteenth-century novels has been widely misunderstood. Realist Quixotism, usually assumed to oppose book and world, in fact models a dynamic imbrication of fictionality and reality. Thus, it helps bridge the normative and utopian functions of literary realism. This concept of realism is both exemplified and theorized by Anthony Trollope's novels, which insist on the mutual construction of literary and social convention. Their metaleptic narration, Victorian marriage plots, and use of the everyday illustrate how metafictionality, counterintuitively, can help construct a sense of the realistic.","PeriodicalId":46490,"journal":{"name":"ELH","volume":"13 1","pages":"1077 - 1105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77272623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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