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Clinical practice stressors and anxiety in nursing students during COVID-19 COVID-19 期间护理专业学生的临床实践压力与焦虑
IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.037
Nancy Griselda Pérez Briones, Karla Rosales Vázquez, B. J. Lara Reyes, Dafne Astrid Gómez Melasio, Anahí Ruiz Lara, P. E. Trujillo Hernández
Introduction. The suspension of clinical practices in the nursing profession during COVID-19 generated a decrease in the students՚ abilities and skills which made them vulnerable to more frequent to clinical practice stressors and levels of anxiety. Objective. To determine the relation between clinical practice stressors and anxiety levels in nursing students during COVID-19. Method. A descriptive correlational study with convenience sampling was carried out in 169 students enrolled from third to eight semesters in a public university in the city of Saltillo, Coahuila. For the measurement of variables a sociodemographic data card, the KEZKAK Questionnaire in its Spanish version to measure the clinical practice stressors and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used. Data collection was through a digital link during August-December 2021. Descriptive and inferential statistics were sued through SPSS V.26. Results. 57.4% reported a medium level of stress and 62.7% a low level of anxiety; however, there are stressors from clinical practice that lead to increased anxiety. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the study variables (r = .411, p#abr#.001). Discussion and conclusion. The challenges in clinical practice experienced during COVID-19 highlight that generations of future nursing professionals face a scenario that is the product of a post-pandemic era, so it is necessary to strengthen their knowledge and confidence to motivate them to feel safe within the hospital context.
导言。在 COVID-19 期间,护理专业暂停临床实践,导致学生的能力和技能下降,使他们更容易受到临床实践压力和焦虑水平的影响。目的确定 COVID-19 期间护理专业学生的临床实践压力源与焦虑水平之间的关系。方法:描述性相关研究。对科阿韦拉州萨尔蒂略市一所公立大学第三至第八学期的 169 名学生进行了方便抽样的描述性相关研究。在测量变量时,使用了社会人口学数据卡、用于测量临床实践压力的西班牙语版 KEZKAK 问卷和贝克焦虑量表。数据收集是在 2021 年 8 月至 12 月期间通过数字链接进行的。通过 SPSS V.26 进行了描述性和推论性统计。结果57.4%的人表示压力水平中等,62.7%的人表示焦虑水平较低;然而,临床实践中的一些压力因素会导致焦虑增加。研究变量之间存在统计学意义上的正相关(r = .411,p#abr#.001)。讨论和结论。COVID-19 期间经历的临床实践挑战突出表明,未来几代护理专业人员面临的情景是后流行病时代的产物,因此有必要加强他们的知识和信心,促使他们在医院环境中感到安全。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiology of suicide mortality in Mexican young people (ages 15-29) from 1990 to 2020 1990 至 2020 年墨西哥年轻人(15-29 岁)自杀死亡率的流行病学情况
IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.038
H. Ortiz-Pérez, Enrique Bravo-García, José Samuel Bravo-García
Introduction. In 2020, suicide was the third leading cause of death in Mexico among young people ages 15 and 29, accounting for 43.0% of all suicides in the country, making it a major public health issue. Objective. To explore changes in the geographic distribution of suicide rates by state and to analyze the magnitude, distribution, and pattern of suicide mortality in young Mexicans ages 15 to 29 between 1990 and 2020. Method. Descriptive, ecological time-series study, based on official information. Standardized mortality rates were calculated using information on deaths (INEGI) and population estimates (CONAPO). The magnitude, distribution, and patterns of suicide mortality at the national level and by state were analyzed using the Joinpoint segmented regression model. Results. From 1990 to 2020, suicide mortality in young people increased by 198% and was higher in women (285%) than men (178%). The states with the highest suicide mortality rates from 2016 to 2020 were Chihuahua (18.5 suicides/100,000 young people ages 15-29), Aguascalientes (16.6), Yucatán (14.4), Guanajuato (14.1), and San Luis Potosí (12.9), accounting for 23.0% of total suicide deaths. Discussion and conclusion. The study of mortality trends could contribute to the management of a national suicide prevention strategy in young Mexicans, providing support for public health decision-making, such as the identification of the states and regions that should be prioritized.
导言。2020 年,自杀是墨西哥 15 至 29 岁年轻人的第三大死因,占全国自杀总人数的 43.0%,成为一个重大的公共卫生问题。目标。探讨各州自杀率地理分布的变化,分析 1990 年至 2020 年间 15 岁至 29 岁墨西哥年轻人自杀死亡率的规模、分布和模式。研究方法。基于官方信息的描述性生态时间序列研究。利用死亡信息(国家统计、地理和信息科学研究所)和人口估计数(全国人口委员会)计算标准化死亡率。使用 Joinpoint 分段回归模型分析了全国和各州自杀死亡率的规模、分布和模式。分析结果从 1990 年到 2020 年,年轻人的自杀死亡率增加了 198%,女性(285%)高于男性(178%)。从 2016 年到 2020 年,自杀死亡率最高的州分别是奇瓦瓦州(每 10 万名 15-29 岁年轻人中有 18.5 人自杀)、阿瓜斯卡连特斯州(16.6 人)、尤卡坦州(14.4 人)、瓜纳华托州(14.1 人)和圣路易斯波托西州(12.9 人),占自杀死亡总人数的 23.0%。讨论和结论。对死亡率趋势的研究有助于管理预防墨西哥年轻人自杀的国家战略,为公共卫生决策提供支持,如确定应优先考虑的州和地区。
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引用次数: 0
Emotional distress and self-care during the COVID-19 pandemic in women from an indigenous migrant cultural collective in Mexico City 墨西哥城土著移民文化群体妇女在 COVID-19 大流行期间的情绪困扰和自我护理
IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.040
Leticia Vega, Rafael Gutiérrez, Sandra Guadalupe Padilla Morales, Sayra Citlali Aguilar Simón
Introduction. During the coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) pandemic, restrictive measures were implemented to reduce contagion. However, severely decreasing social interaction also negatively impacted the economy, particularly that of indigenous groups. Objective. This article seeks to understand the emotional distress identified by a group of indigenous women residents, as well as their self-care practices, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City. Method. A digital qualitative study was undertaken since the fieldwork was conducted in person and online, using various Internet platforms, which served as a field scenario, data collection tool and a means of continuous connection with subjects. Results. Anecdotal records were obtained from the subjects, who identified categorizations in the collective organization of the indigenous group, which became a support network for mobilizing official material resources. Information was also obtained on the way the women engaged in the self-care of their emotional distress in a range of ways with a sense of immediacy, through physical, spiritual, herbal, and psychological resources. They observed how women managed to cope with their situation and continue caring for and supporting their families to enable them to get by, distinguishing between those who were providers and those who were dependent on another provider. Discussion and conclusion. The pandemic, together with social restrictions, created stressful situations, causing various emotional problems among the indigenous collective. Nevertheless, their capacity for self-management and self-care enabled them to cope with these conditions in the midst of structural contexts of violence, poverty, and social exclusion.
前言在冠状病毒(SARS-Cov-2)大流行期间,采取了限制性措施以减少传染。然而,社会交往的严重减少也对经济,尤其是土著群体的经济造成了负面影响。目的。本文旨在了解墨西哥城一群土著女性居民在 COVID-19 大流行期间所发现的情绪困扰以及她们的自我护理方法。研究方法。本文采用数字定性研究的方法,因为实地调查是通过各种互联网平台,以现场和在线的方式进行的,这些平台既是实地场景、数据收集工具,也是与调查对象保持联系的手段。研究结果从研究对象那里获得了轶事记录,他们确定了土著群体集体组织的分类,该组织成 为调动官方物质资源的支持网络。此外,还获得了关于妇女如何通过物质、精神、草药和心理资源,以一系列具有即时感的方式,对其情绪困扰进行自我护理的信息。他们观察了妇女如何设法应对自己的处境,并继续照顾和支持自己的家人,使他们能够过上好日子,同时区分了哪些人是供养者,哪些人是依赖于另一个供养者。讨论和结论。大流行病和社会限制造成了压力,给土著集体带来了各种情绪问题。然而,他们的自我管理和自我保健能力使他们能够在暴力、贫困和社会排斥的结构性背景下应对这些情况。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of menstrual cycle on smoking cessation: A review 月经周期对戒烟的影响:综述
IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.041
Mariana Núñez-Lauriano, Jennifer Lira-Mandujano, M. C. Míguez, Marcela Tiburcio
Background. Information on the way menstrual cycle phases can influence the achievement of tobacco abstinence is contradictory. Objective. A scope review was conducted to determine the effect of the menstrual cycle on tobacco abstinence, considering the phases of the cycle, hormone levels, and premenstrual syndrome. Method. A literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases. Ten articles comparing the phases of the menstrual cycle or analyzing the association between premenstrual syndrome and a withdrawal condition (length of abstinence or withdrawal symptoms) were included. Results. Two main results were identified: 1) there is no difference in withdrawal symptoms and craving between menstrual cycle phases and 2) abstinence rates in the studies were higher during the luteal phase. Discussion and conclusion. The advisability of suggesting that women wishing to quit smoking should begin to do so at the start of the luteal phrase is discussed. However, smoking cessation interventions must consider all the symptoms experienced during the luteal phase.
背景。关于月经周期阶段如何影响戒烟的信息相互矛盾。目的。考虑到月经周期的阶段、激素水平和经前综合征,我们对月经周期对戒烟的影响进行了范围回顾。方法。在 Scopus、PubMed、MEDLINE 和 PsycINFO 数据库中进行文献检索。其中包括 10 篇比较月经周期阶段或分析经前综合征与戒断条件(戒断时间或戒断症状)之间关系的文章。研究结果发现了两个主要结果1)不同月经周期阶段的戒断症状和渴求程度没有差异;2)研究中黄体期的戒断率较高。讨论和结论。讨论了建议希望戒烟的女性从黄体期开始戒烟的可取性。然而,戒烟干预必须考虑到黄体期的所有症状。
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引用次数: 0
Reflections on the use of artificial intelligence in psychiatric diagnosis 关于人工智能在精神病诊断中的应用的思考
IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.036
Marcos F. Rosetti
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引用次数: 0
Is there interest of Mexican adults in being prepared should they develop Alzheimer’s or other dementia? 如果墨西哥成年人患上阿尔茨海默氏症或其他痴呆症,他们是否有兴趣做好准备?
IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.039
Ma. Luisa Marván, Rosa Lilia Castillo-López, Dennys Onofre-Corredor, Ingrid Vargas-Huicochea, Asunción Álvarez-del-Río
Introduction. Alzheimer's disease, as well as other dementias, cause a progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, preventing patients from making decisions and having control over themselves in an advanced stage of the disease. Objective. To explore some expectations, wishes and preferences in a sample of mature adults should they develop Alzheimer or other dementia. Method. We surveyed 368 mature Mexican adults without dementia using a large survey created by the authors and used in a previous study; data were collected in some public places where mature people were invited to participate. The survey was completed from July 2019 to August 2020. Results. Although most participants had considered they might suffer from dementia in the future, less than half had communicated their wishes to their relatives about future medical treatments in case they could no longer decide for themselves; very few had prepared a written advance directive. Most participants agreed that patients should know their initial diagnosis, mainly to be able to prepare themselves. The main reason given by those who would prefer to hide the diagnosis was to avoid suffering. Discussion and conclusion. Our results highlight the need for health professionals to promote discussion with people about the possibility of suffering from dementia, as well as the importance of making decisions in advance, and letting their relatives know about them.
导言。阿尔茨海默氏症和其他痴呆症会导致认知功能逐渐退化,使患者在疾病晚期无法做出决定和控制自己。研究目的通过抽样调查,了解成熟成年人在罹患阿尔茨海默病或其他痴呆症时的一些期望、愿望和偏好。方法。我们使用作者创建并在之前的一项研究中使用过的大型调查问卷,对 368 名未患痴呆症的墨西哥成年人进行了调查;数据是在一些邀请成年人参与的公共场所收集的。调查于 2019 年 7 月至 2020 年 8 月完成。调查结果显示虽然大多数参与者都考虑过自己将来可能会患上痴呆症,但只有不到一半的人向亲属表达过自己的意愿,希望在自己无法再做决定的情况下接受未来的医疗治疗;只有极少数人准备了书面预嘱。大多数与会者都认为,病人应该知道自己的初步诊断,这主要是为了让他们自己做好准 备。那些希望隐瞒诊断结果的人给出的主要原因是为了避免痛苦。讨论和结论。我们的研究结果突出表明,医疗专业人员有必要促进与人们讨论患痴呆症的可能性,以及提前做出决定并让其亲属了解这些决定的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Mexico at the United Nations: A step forward for mental health 墨西哥在联合国:精神健康向前迈进了一步
IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.035
E. Á. Madrigal de León, Shoshana Berenzon Gorn
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引用次数: 0
Mental health and psychiatry: Distinctions, links, and ethical/bioethical perspectives 心理健康和精神病学:区别、联系和伦理/生物伦理观点
4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.029
Alberto Perales, Renato D. Alarcón, Patrick Wagner-Grau
Introduction. Mental health and psychiatry have been terms of intense and complex use for almost a century, and they may have reached a critical level of ambiguous and imprecise synonymy that makes their definition and validation difficult. Objective. To examine these concepts in depth, establishing precise distinctions, ontological connections, and instrumental scope reinforced by well-defined ideas in ethics and bioethics. Method. Narrative review of pertinent literature, consultation with diverse scientific, medical, historical, philosophical, and literary sources, with appropriate analysis of ethical and bioethical practices. Results. A broad, comprehensive definition is elaborated of mental health as a field with sociocultural, political, and demographic implications, and of psychiatry as a medical specialty. In addition to making clear distinctions and describing the specific impact of both fields on diverse populations, various levels of conceptual linkages, sociopolitical action, and ethical content are highlighted, as well as in processes of administration, education, and research. Discussion and conclusion. There are factors that reinforce or weaken the scope of mental health and psychiatry, including their ethical and bioethical dimensions. Their effectiveness requires a reaffirmation of objectives and the reinforcement of individual and institutional initiatives, as well as the search for authentic connections and a social projection that is objective, comprehensive, and just.
介绍。近一个世纪以来,精神健康和精神病学一直是人们广泛而复杂地使用的两个术语,它们可能已经达到了模糊和不精确的同义词的临界水平,这使得它们的定义和验证变得困难。目标。深入研究这些概念,建立精确的区别,本体论的联系,以及在伦理学和生物伦理学中明确定义的概念加强的工具范围。方法。对相关文献进行叙述性回顾,咨询各种科学、医学、历史、哲学和文学来源,并对伦理和生物伦理实践进行适当的分析。结果。一个广泛的,全面的定义阐述了心理健康作为一个具有社会文化,政治和人口影响的领域,以及精神病学作为医学专业。除了明确区分和描述这两个领域对不同人群的具体影响外,还强调了不同层次的概念联系、社会政治行动和伦理内容,以及在管理、教育和研究过程中。讨论与结论。有一些因素会加强或削弱心理健康和精神病学的范围,包括其伦理和生物伦理方面。其有效性需要重申目标和加强个人和机构的主动行动,以及寻求真正的联系和客观、全面和公正的社会规划。
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引用次数: 0
From the breakdown of psychiatry during nazism and the Nuremberg Code, to the materialist neuropsychological model in contemporary science and society: A bioethical analysis 从纳粹主义和纽伦堡法典期间精神病学的崩溃,到当代科学和社会中的唯物主义神经心理学模型:生物伦理分析
4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.028
Francisco López-Muñoz, Francisco Pérez-Fernández
The breakdown of German psychiatry with the coming to power of the National Socialist regime in 1933 resulted in a revival after the war of bioethical issues, the immediate effect of which was the enactment of the Nuremberg Code. In many ways, this breakdown was the result of the historical evolution of psychomedical knowledge and the mass dissemination of reductionist discourses and ideas that created a breeding ground for tragedy. The cyclical discourse of psychic materialism, which has been repeated for centuries in the history of science in different formulations, can, if not properly interpreted, lead to far-reaching appropriations and risks, to which due attention must be paid. The latest manifestation of this issue, the view of mental life as basically cerebral, neurological, biochemical, and determinist, a view that has not been managed or presented adequately to the public, could become the basis for perverse new perspectives and applications in the current context of research and academic activity.
1933年国家社会主义政权上台后,德国精神病学的崩溃导致了战后生物伦理问题的复兴,其直接影响是《纽伦堡法典》的颁布。在许多方面,这种崩溃是精神医学知识的历史演变和还原论话语和思想的大规模传播的结果,这些话语和思想为悲剧创造了温床。心灵唯物主义的循环话语,在科学史上以不同的形式重复了几个世纪,如果不能正确解释,可能会导致深远的挪用和风险,对此必须给予应有的关注。这个问题的最新表现是,精神生活基本上是大脑的、神经的、生化的和决定论的,这一观点没有得到充分的管理或向公众展示,可能成为当前研究和学术活动背景下反常的新观点和应用的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Mental health as the moral dimension of health. Bioethics and dialogue in psychiatry and the behavioral sciences 心理健康是健康的道德层面。精神病学和行为科学中的生命伦理学和对话
4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.027
Fernando Lolas Stepke, Liliana Mondragón-Barrios
Many classical works on “practical philosophy” or ethics could be read as treatises on psychology or psychiatry. They contain “patterns of psychological thought” based on conceptions about human nature that either describe or, most frequently, prescribe behavioral norms applicable to individuals and societies (Averill, 1976). Ethics is the linguistic justification of moral conduct.
许多关于“实践哲学”或伦理学的经典著作可以被解读为心理学或精神病学的论文。它们包含基于人性概念的“心理思维模式”,这些概念要么描述,要么最常见的是规定适用于个人和社会的行为规范(Averill, 1976)。伦理学是对道德行为的语言辩护。
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引用次数: 0
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Salud Mental
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