Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.019
C. Unikel Santoncini, Miriam Wendolyn Barajas Márquez, Concepción Díaz de León Vázquez, Alicia Parra Carriedo, José Alberto Rivera Márquez, G. M. Bilbao y Morcelle, Maricarmen Díaz Gutiérrez
Introduction. Interventions based on cognitive dissonance theory are the most effective for preventing eating disorders. Objective. To identify the changes at one year follow-up of a universal prevention intervention in disordered eating behaviors (DEB), thin-ideal internalization (TII), and drive for muscularity (DM). Method. A pre-experimental, pretest-posttest study was conducted on 602 university student subjects (76.1% women and 23.9% men) with an average age of 20.74 years at a public (30.6%) and a private university (69.4%) in Mexico City. A Split Plot ANOVA was performed with the intrasubject variable equal to each measurement (pretest, posttest, and follow-up), as well as the sex and body mass index (BMI) intersubject variables to analyze whether there was a significant interaction between these variables and the changes in dependent variables, as well as the changes through each measurement by group. Results. In the intrasubject analyses, statistically significant differences were found for DEB through the various measurements, without taking the interactions into account. Statistically significant interactions were observed between each measurement and BMI, and between each measurement and sex and BMI for the DM variable. Discussion and conclusion. Since a reduction of TII in women and DM in men was achieved, together with a decrease in DEB in women, the workshop can be said to have fully achieved its objectives for women and partly so for men.
{"title":"Sex and Body Mass Index differences after one-year follow-up of an eating disorders risk factors universal prevention intervention in university students in Mexico City","authors":"C. Unikel Santoncini, Miriam Wendolyn Barajas Márquez, Concepción Díaz de León Vázquez, Alicia Parra Carriedo, José Alberto Rivera Márquez, G. M. Bilbao y Morcelle, Maricarmen Díaz Gutiérrez","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.019","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Interventions based on cognitive dissonance theory are the most effective for preventing eating disorders. Objective. To identify the changes at one year follow-up of a universal prevention intervention in disordered eating behaviors (DEB), thin-ideal internalization (TII), and drive for muscularity (DM). Method. A pre-experimental, pretest-posttest study was conducted on 602 university student subjects (76.1% women and 23.9% men) with an average age of 20.74 years at a public (30.6%) and a private university (69.4%) in Mexico City. A Split Plot ANOVA was performed with the intrasubject variable equal to each measurement (pretest, posttest, and follow-up), as well as the sex and body mass index (BMI) intersubject variables to analyze whether there was a significant interaction between these variables and the changes in dependent variables, as well as the changes through each measurement by group. Results. In the intrasubject analyses, statistically significant differences were found for DEB through the various measurements, without taking the interactions into account. Statistically significant interactions were observed between each measurement and BMI, and between each measurement and sex and BMI for the DM variable. Discussion and conclusion. Since a reduction of TII in women and DM in men was achieved, together with a decrease in DEB in women, the workshop can be said to have fully achieved its objectives for women and partly so for men.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73034396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Academic stress is a common problem among medical students that has a negative physiological, social, and learning impact. Perceived academic stress indicates how stressed a student is about academic issues over a given period of time and the ability to handle that stress. Objective. To determine the prevalence of PAS and evaluate possible risk factors, focusing on sex differences, burnout, emotional distress, academic-social support, and coping strategies. Method. A cross-sectional, retrospective, and comparative study was conducted through an online survey with medical students (MS) willing to participate anonymously. Results. All students reported PAS and the majority to a moderate-severe degree. Comparing the presence of abuse within the academic environment between men and women, we found differences in the frequency of reporting emotional abuse and sexual. Also, we found differences in perceived academic social support from teachers and family members. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed sex and current sexual abuse inside school had the strongest association with PAS in MS, followed by a family history of depression and perceived less academic social support from family. Discussion and conclusion. Timely identification of individuals at-risk will be critical to establish preventive strategies to limit the impact of PAS in MS, stress management programs, training coping skills, and offer prompt therapeutic alternatives when needed.
{"title":"Perceived academic stress in Mexican medical students. The role of sex emotional distress, burnout, academic-social support, current abuse experiences, and coping strategies","authors":"Diana Patricia Guizar Sanchez, Raúl Sampieri Cabrera, Virginia Inclán Rubio, Armando Muñoz Comonfort","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Academic stress is a common problem among medical students that has a negative physiological, social, and learning impact. Perceived academic stress indicates how stressed a student is about academic issues over a given period of time and the ability to handle that stress. Objective. To determine the prevalence of PAS and evaluate possible risk factors, focusing on sex differences, burnout, emotional distress, academic-social support, and coping strategies. Method. A cross-sectional, retrospective, and comparative study was conducted through an online survey with medical students (MS) willing to participate anonymously. Results. All students reported PAS and the majority to a moderate-severe degree. Comparing the presence of abuse within the academic environment between men and women, we found differences in the frequency of reporting emotional abuse and sexual. Also, we found differences in perceived academic social support from teachers and family members. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed sex and current sexual abuse inside school had the strongest association with PAS in MS, followed by a family history of depression and perceived less academic social support from family. Discussion and conclusion. Timely identification of individuals at-risk will be critical to establish preventive strategies to limit the impact of PAS in MS, stress management programs, training coping skills, and offer prompt therapeutic alternatives when needed.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"94 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89487891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.018
Beatriz Cerda-De la O, A. L. Cerda-Molina, Marcela Biagini-Alarcón, L. Mayagoitia-Novales, Margarita De La Cruz-López, Jesús Alfredo Whaley-Sánchez
Introduction. There is a growing need to implement evidence-based psychological treatments for women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) who commonly experience stress-related disorders such as anxiety, depression, or suicide risk, as well as altered cortisol reactivity. Objective. 1. To compare the changes in depressive and anxious symptomatology, quality of life, and cortisol reactivity after two different interventions, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT, based on psychological flexibility) or Interpersonal Therapy (IPT, based on empowerment) in women exposed to IPV. 2. To compare the changes in relation to the presence of suicide thoughts. Method. A clinical sample of 50 women (ages 21-74) randomly assigned to attend ACT or IPT, completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires about intimate partner violence, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and measurements of salivary cortisol reactivity (basal, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after a cognitive challenge). We used Generalized Estimating Equation Models for data analysis. Results. There was a significant improvement post-intervention in all variables, regardless of the type of psychotherapy or the presence of suicide thoughts. Before interventions, women that reported suicide thoughts had severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, worse quality of life, and a cortisol hyper-response profile, in contrast to women without suicide thoughts who had moderate symptoms and no cortisol response. Cortisol response to the cognitive test decreased in all women after both therapies. Discussion and conclusion. Although different psychological approach, ACT, and IPT effectively improved mental health, quality of life, and changed cortisol reactivity of women exposed to IPV, including women at suicide risk.
{"title":"Comparison of two psychotherapies in cortisol response and their efficacy in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in women victims of intimate partner violence","authors":"Beatriz Cerda-De la O, A. L. Cerda-Molina, Marcela Biagini-Alarcón, L. Mayagoitia-Novales, Margarita De La Cruz-López, Jesús Alfredo Whaley-Sánchez","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. There is a growing need to implement evidence-based psychological treatments for women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) who commonly experience stress-related disorders such as anxiety, depression, or suicide risk, as well as altered cortisol reactivity. Objective. 1. To compare the changes in depressive and anxious symptomatology, quality of life, and cortisol reactivity after two different interventions, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT, based on psychological flexibility) or Interpersonal Therapy (IPT, based on empowerment) in women exposed to IPV. 2. To compare the changes in relation to the presence of suicide thoughts. Method. A clinical sample of 50 women (ages 21-74) randomly assigned to attend ACT or IPT, completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires about intimate partner violence, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and measurements of salivary cortisol reactivity (basal, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after a cognitive challenge). We used Generalized Estimating Equation Models for data analysis. Results. There was a significant improvement post-intervention in all variables, regardless of the type of psychotherapy or the presence of suicide thoughts. Before interventions, women that reported suicide thoughts had severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, worse quality of life, and a cortisol hyper-response profile, in contrast to women without suicide thoughts who had moderate symptoms and no cortisol response. Cortisol response to the cognitive test decreased in all women after both therapies. Discussion and conclusion. Although different psychological approach, ACT, and IPT effectively improved mental health, quality of life, and changed cortisol reactivity of women exposed to IPV, including women at suicide risk.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76870039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.021
Consuelo Bernarda Martínez-Medina, A. Rodríguez-Orozco
Background. It has been estimated that COVID-19 grief will affect approximately sixteen million people worldwide, while the prevalence of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) could rise to 40%. Objective. To review treatments that can be administered to patients with PGD due to COVID-19. Method. PUBMED and Google Scholar were searched with the following keywords: prolonged grief disorder, complicated grief, grief and psychotherapy, and treatment of prolonged grief, complicated grief or persistent complex grief. Results. Fifty articles were reviewed on the efficacy of interpersonal therapy, rational emotional-behavioral therapy, supportive therapy, humanistic therapy, systemic family therapy, group therapy, writing therapy, Internet-based intervention, and a modality of cognitive behavioral therapy used with prolonged grief, metacognitive therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. Discussion and conclusion. There is no consensus on the psychotherapeutic treatment of choice for people with PGD due to the loss of a family member to COVID-19. Group therapy is effective in reducing the intensity of uncomplicated grief, cognitive-behavioral therapy is highly efficacious in reducing the severity of grief, metacognitive therapy specifically designed for PGD has a positive impact on depression, anxiety, stress, rumination, and quality of life while Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is helpful for restoring spirituality. Psychotherapy is most effective when combined with drug therapy. It is suggested that comparative studies be undertaken of psychotherapeutic techniques for managing patients with PGD associated with COVID-19 and the adaptation of these techniques to virtual settings.
{"title":"Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief","authors":"Consuelo Bernarda Martínez-Medina, A. Rodríguez-Orozco","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"Background. It has been estimated that COVID-19 grief will affect approximately sixteen million people worldwide, while the prevalence of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) could rise to 40%. Objective. To review treatments that can be administered to patients with PGD due to COVID-19. Method. PUBMED and Google Scholar were searched with the following keywords: prolonged grief disorder, complicated grief, grief and psychotherapy, and treatment of prolonged grief, complicated grief or persistent complex grief. Results. Fifty articles were reviewed on the efficacy of interpersonal therapy, rational emotional-behavioral therapy, supportive therapy, humanistic therapy, systemic family therapy, group therapy, writing therapy, Internet-based intervention, and a modality of cognitive behavioral therapy used with prolonged grief, metacognitive therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. Discussion and conclusion. There is no consensus on the psychotherapeutic treatment of choice for people with PGD due to the loss of a family member to COVID-19. Group therapy is effective in reducing the intensity of uncomplicated grief, cognitive-behavioral therapy is highly efficacious in reducing the severity of grief, metacognitive therapy specifically designed for PGD has a positive impact on depression, anxiety, stress, rumination, and quality of life while Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is helpful for restoring spirituality. Psychotherapy is most effective when combined with drug therapy. It is suggested that comparative studies be undertaken of psychotherapeutic techniques for managing patients with PGD associated with COVID-19 and the adaptation of these techniques to virtual settings.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81482732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.016
Ricardo Iván Figueroa-García, Eduardo Abraham Vidal-Velazco, Cynthia Magaly Díaz-Juárez, Juan Manuel León-Torres, J. Sánchez-Sosa
Introduction. Resilience is the capacity in which the qualities and resources of the individual help in the successful coping of adverse situations. Studying the construct of resilience requires seeing it as a process and not only a characteristic of the individual. Saavedra's resilient response is a model that fits this idea and explains resilience satisfactorily. Having a measuring instrument for health personnel working in hospitals would allow discovering its benefits as a protective factor in the workplace. Objective. Adapt and validate the Resilience Scale SV-RES in hospital health professionals in Mexico. Method. Based on recent research literature, including response models and modified and adapted items from the Resilience Scale SV-RES, a total of 909 health professionals responded. Distribution, factor analysis, and internal consistency tests were performed. Results. The process led to a scale of 28 items grouped into six factors with an overall internal consistency of (α = .908) and 50.5% of explained variance. Discussion and conclusion. The Resilience Scale SV-RES has adequate psychometric properties that make it appropriate to measure the resilience capacity of hospital health professionals in Mexico.
{"title":"Adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Resilience Scale SV-RES in hospital health professionals in Mexico","authors":"Ricardo Iván Figueroa-García, Eduardo Abraham Vidal-Velazco, Cynthia Magaly Díaz-Juárez, Juan Manuel León-Torres, J. Sánchez-Sosa","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.016","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Resilience is the capacity in which the qualities and resources of the individual help in the successful coping of adverse situations. Studying the construct of resilience requires seeing it as a process and not only a characteristic of the individual. Saavedra's resilient response is a model that fits this idea and explains resilience satisfactorily. Having a measuring instrument for health personnel working in hospitals would allow discovering its benefits as a protective factor in the workplace. Objective. Adapt and validate the Resilience Scale SV-RES in hospital health professionals in Mexico. Method. Based on recent research literature, including response models and modified and adapted items from the Resilience Scale SV-RES, a total of 909 health professionals responded. Distribution, factor analysis, and internal consistency tests were performed. Results. The process led to a scale of 28 items grouped into six factors with an overall internal consistency of (α = .908) and 50.5% of explained variance. Discussion and conclusion. The Resilience Scale SV-RES has adequate psychometric properties that make it appropriate to measure the resilience capacity of hospital health professionals in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74434054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.017
S. Solis-López, V. Hernandez-Ruiz, H. Amièva, J. Ávila-Funes
Introduction. Little information from developing countries during the first lockdown for COVID-19 is available. We hypothesized that the use of communication tools, and not living alone would provide a protective effect against DS. Objective. To determine the association between social connections and depressive symptoms (DS) during the first lockdown period among Mexican community-dwelling older adults. Method. Cross-sectional phone survey including 269 participants aged 65 years or older. Participants were asked about their social connections and the presence of DS during the first lockdown for COVID-19. Results. Mean age was 83.2 (SD = 6.7). Compared with those without DS, those with DS reported a greater number of phone calls or videocalls although this was not statistically significant. However, when stratifying by housing situation, only the participants who lived alone and that received less calls from friends had more DS (p = .04). Discussion and conclusion. Living alone allowed the participants not to have much contact with family and this caused friends to represent the most important social relationship outside the home. We hypothesize that the means to stay socially active for older adults in Latin America are different and have a different impact. Because, DS only were present among the participants who reported living alone and having fewer calls from friends during the confinement period.
{"title":"Social connections and depressive symptoms among older adults during the initial lockdown period for COVID-19","authors":"S. Solis-López, V. Hernandez-Ruiz, H. Amièva, J. Ávila-Funes","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Little information from developing countries during the first lockdown for COVID-19 is available. We hypothesized that the use of communication tools, and not living alone would provide a protective effect against DS. Objective. To determine the association between social connections and depressive symptoms (DS) during the first lockdown period among Mexican community-dwelling older adults. Method. Cross-sectional phone survey including 269 participants aged 65 years or older. Participants were asked about their social connections and the presence of DS during the first lockdown for COVID-19. Results. Mean age was 83.2 (SD = 6.7). Compared with those without DS, those with DS reported a greater number of phone calls or videocalls although this was not statistically significant. However, when stratifying by housing situation, only the participants who lived alone and that received less calls from friends had more DS (p = .04). Discussion and conclusion. Living alone allowed the participants not to have much contact with family and this caused friends to represent the most important social relationship outside the home. We hypothesize that the means to stay socially active for older adults in Latin America are different and have a different impact. Because, DS only were present among the participants who reported living alone and having fewer calls from friends during the confinement period.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"284 1-2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78479821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.014
Ernesto Márquez-Cervantes, Daniela Haydé Romero-Guerra, A. Costilla-Esquivel
Introduction. Factors affecting the quality of physician care include a shortage of trained staff, stigma, and discrimination. Objective. The objective was to compare the intensity of stigmatization before and after a Psychiatry course, as measured by the scale of clinicians’ attitudes towards mental illness, a version for medical students (MICA-2) designed to identify stigmatic attitudes towards mental disorders. Method. The fifth-year Medicine students enrolled in the Psychiatry course answered anonymously using the MICA-2 test at the start and the end of their course. Additionally, we asked the students to answer a question about their interest in learning more about mental illness. Results. Three hundred and thirty students were invited; 300 agreed to participate in the first application of the scales, and 291 in the follow-up. The average age was 22 ± 2 years, with a range of 20-30 years, and there was a similar gender distribution in both applications. In the initial application, the average score of the MICA-2 was 41.34 (SD = 7.86, 95% CI = [40.43, 42.25]). The follow-up application’s mean was 37.10 (SD = 8.15, 95% CI = [36.30, 38.15]). Also, there was a decrease in interest in learning more about mental illness. Discussion and conclusion. A reduction in the average scores of the MICA-2 was observed after a Psychiatry course, suggesting that attitudes toward mental disorders improved. A Psychiatry clerkship with close supervision modified the attitudes of medical students toward mental disorders. However, it did not increase their interest in learning more about mental illness.
介绍。影响医生护理质量的因素包括缺乏训练有素的工作人员、耻辱感和歧视。目标。目的是比较精神病学课程前后的污名化程度，通过临床医生对精神疾病的态度量表来衡量，这是一个为医科学生设计的版本(MICA-2)，旨在确定对精神障碍的污名化态度。方法。参加精神病学课程的五年级医学院学生在课程开始和结束时匿名回答了MICA-2测试。此外，我们要求学生回答一个关于他们对了解更多精神疾病的兴趣的问题。结果。邀请了三百三十名学生;300人同意参加第一次申请比额表，291人同意参加后续申请。平均年龄22±2岁，年龄范围20 ~ 30岁，性别分布相似。首次应用时，MICA-2的平均评分为41.34分(SD = 7.86, 95% CI =[40.43, 42.25])。随访应用的平均值为37.10 (SD = 8.15, 95% CI =[36.30, 38.15])。此外，对更多地了解精神疾病的兴趣也有所下降。讨论与结论。在精神病学课程后，观察到MICA-2的平均分数有所下降，这表明对精神障碍的态度有所改善。精神病学实习在密切监督下改变了医学生对精神障碍的态度。然而，这并没有增加他们学习更多精神疾病的兴趣。
{"title":"Mental illness attitudes in medical education: Assessing the stigma in medical students","authors":"Ernesto Márquez-Cervantes, Daniela Haydé Romero-Guerra, A. Costilla-Esquivel","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Factors affecting the quality of physician care include a shortage of trained staff, stigma, and discrimination. Objective. The objective was to compare the intensity of stigmatization before and after a Psychiatry course, as measured by the scale of clinicians’ attitudes towards mental illness, a version for medical students (MICA-2) designed to identify stigmatic attitudes towards mental disorders. Method. The fifth-year Medicine students enrolled in the Psychiatry course answered anonymously using the MICA-2 test at the start and the end of their course. Additionally, we asked the students to answer a question about their interest in learning more about mental illness. Results. Three hundred and thirty students were invited; 300 agreed to participate in the first application of the scales, and 291 in the follow-up. The average age was 22 ± 2 years, with a range of 20-30 years, and there was a similar gender distribution in both applications. In the initial application, the average score of the MICA-2 was 41.34 (SD = 7.86, 95% CI = [40.43, 42.25]). The follow-up application’s mean was 37.10 (SD = 8.15, 95% CI = [36.30, 38.15]). Also, there was a decrease in interest in learning more about mental illness. Discussion and conclusion. A reduction in the average scores of the MICA-2 was observed after a Psychiatry course, suggesting that attitudes toward mental disorders improved. A Psychiatry clerkship with close supervision modified the attitudes of medical students toward mental disorders. However, it did not increase their interest in learning more about mental illness.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81504316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.010
D. X. Pacheco-Tobón, Edgar Bautista-Soto, Claudia Arellano-Ramírez, Daniela Orozco-García, Lucia Ramos-Ruiz, Eliana Herbales-Martinez, L. Porchia, R. Pérez-Fuentes, M. Gonzalez-Mejia
Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic caused the cessation of academic activities from the face-to-face format to confinement and virtual classes, in which little is studied about its effect on mental health. Objective. Determine levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in medical students in Mexico and Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, depression, anxiety, and stress were compared by gender, education status, and country. Method. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 426 medical students. Data was collected using an online survey containing the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. Results. Overall scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were 6.7 ± 1.2, 8.8 ± 1.2, and 5.6 ± 1.2, respectively. Females had significantly higher overall scores for depression (.24-fold increase), anxiety (.25-fold increase), and stress (.40-fold increase) than males (p ≤ .01). The risk for anxiety and stress by school year showed that basic years were associated with higher scores than advanced years (.25 and .38-fold increase, respectively). For females, starting medical school did show an increased risk of depression when compared to male students in their basic years (.38-fold increase). Lastly, students from Mexico had an increased risk for depression and anxiety (p ≤ .022 and p ≤ .004, respectively) but not for stress (p ≤ .402), when compared to students from Colombia. Discussion and conclusion. Significant anxiety and depression were observed in medical students from Mexico and Colombia. Factors associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety are students in their basic years as well as being female.
{"title":"An assessment of mental health of Mexican and Colombian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"D. X. Pacheco-Tobón, Edgar Bautista-Soto, Claudia Arellano-Ramírez, Daniela Orozco-García, Lucia Ramos-Ruiz, Eliana Herbales-Martinez, L. Porchia, R. Pérez-Fuentes, M. Gonzalez-Mejia","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic caused the cessation of academic activities from the face-to-face format to confinement and virtual classes, in which little is studied about its effect on mental health. Objective. Determine levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in medical students in Mexico and Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, depression, anxiety, and stress were compared by gender, education status, and country. Method. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 426 medical students. Data was collected using an online survey containing the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. Results. Overall scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were 6.7 ± 1.2, 8.8 ± 1.2, and 5.6 ± 1.2, respectively. Females had significantly higher overall scores for depression (.24-fold increase), anxiety (.25-fold increase), and stress (.40-fold increase) than males (p ≤ .01). The risk for anxiety and stress by school year showed that basic years were associated with higher scores than advanced years (.25 and .38-fold increase, respectively). For females, starting medical school did show an increased risk of depression when compared to male students in their basic years (.38-fold increase). Lastly, students from Mexico had an increased risk for depression and anxiety (p ≤ .022 and p ≤ .004, respectively) but not for stress (p ≤ .402), when compared to students from Colombia. Discussion and conclusion. Significant anxiety and depression were observed in medical students from Mexico and Colombia. Factors associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety are students in their basic years as well as being female.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72530386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.009
Pedro David Rosas-Fuentes, Karla Patricia Valdés-García, Iris R Monroy-Velasco, B. Pérez-Pedraza, L. Sánchez-Loyo
Introduction. In rational emotive behavioral therapy, irrational beliefs are significant in mental health since their presence leads to conditions such as depression and suicidal ideation. Since these conditions have been increasing worldwide, it is essential to explore the factors that contribute to their understanding. Objective. To design explanatory models for depression and suicidal ideation based on irrational beliefs in psychology students. Method. Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study with multivariate analysis. Results. Two explanatory models were designed: one for depression and the other for suicidal ideation. Thirty-nine per cent of depressive symptomatology can be explained by the presence of irrational beliefs concerning perfectionism, avoidance of responsibilities, concern over the future, and the determinism of the past. At the same time, 54% of suicidal ideation can be explained by the presence of beliefs centering on perfectionism, avoidance of responsibilities, external locus of control, and the determinism of the past. Discussion and conclusion. Depression and suicidal ideation in psychology students can partly be explained by irrational beliefs concerning perfectionism, external locus of control, concern over the future, avoidance of responsibilities, and the determinism of the past. Clinical care approaches can modify these beliefs to reduce symptoms and promote mental health.
{"title":"Depression, suicide ideation, and irrational beliefs: Explanatory models in psychology students","authors":"Pedro David Rosas-Fuentes, Karla Patricia Valdés-García, Iris R Monroy-Velasco, B. Pérez-Pedraza, L. Sánchez-Loyo","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In rational emotive behavioral therapy, irrational beliefs are significant in mental health since their presence leads to conditions such as depression and suicidal ideation. Since these conditions have been increasing worldwide, it is essential to explore the factors that contribute to their understanding. Objective. To design explanatory models for depression and suicidal ideation based on irrational beliefs in psychology students. Method. Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study with multivariate analysis. Results. Two explanatory models were designed: one for depression and the other for suicidal ideation. Thirty-nine per cent of depressive symptomatology can be explained by the presence of irrational beliefs concerning perfectionism, avoidance of responsibilities, concern over the future, and the determinism of the past. At the same time, 54% of suicidal ideation can be explained by the presence of beliefs centering on perfectionism, avoidance of responsibilities, external locus of control, and the determinism of the past. Discussion and conclusion. Depression and suicidal ideation in psychology students can partly be explained by irrational beliefs concerning perfectionism, external locus of control, concern over the future, avoidance of responsibilities, and the determinism of the past. Clinical care approaches can modify these beliefs to reduce symptoms and promote mental health.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"212 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75748127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.013
Karla Selene Consuelos-Sánchez, Araceli Cano-Estrada, A. C. Castañeda-Márquez, José Ángel Hernández-Mariano
Introduction. Previous data suggest that healthcare students, such as nursing students, might have a differential risk of presenting burnout syndrome caused by the stress they are subjected to. However, the evidence is still scarce and inconclusive. Objective. To evaluate the association between nursing training and burnout syndrome among undergraduate students in Hidalgo, Mexico. Method. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 566 undergraduate students (56% were nursing students and the rest were non-healthcare students). Burnout syndrome was identified using the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, consisting of subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished academic efficacy. The association between the variables of interest was evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for confounders. Results. In the depersonalization subscale, nursing students, compared with non-healthcare students, had an adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) of moderate/high burnout syndrome of 2.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.34, 3.22]). In addition, the association was stronger among students in the third and fourth school years (aOR = 3.58; 95% CI = [1.62, 7.89]) compared with those in the first and second school years (aOR = 1.20; 95% CI = [.71, 2.03]). Discussion and conclusion. It is necessary that universities provide nursing students with tools that allow them to cope with stressful situations during their academic training and their future life as health professionals.
介绍。先前的数据表明，卫生保健专业的学生，如护理专业的学生，可能有不同的风险，表现出倦怠综合症，这是由于他们所承受的压力。然而，证据仍然很少，也不确定。目标。目的:探讨护理培训与墨西哥伊达尔戈市大学生职业倦怠综合征的关系。方法。对566名本科生(56%为护理专业学生，其余为非保健专业学生)进行横断面分析研究。倦怠综合症是用西班牙版的马斯拉克倦怠量表-学生调查确定的，包括:情绪衰竭，人格解体和学业效率下降。使用经混杂因素调整的逻辑回归模型评估感兴趣变量之间的关联。结果。在去人格化子量表中，护生与非医护生相比，中/高度倦怠综合征的调整优势比(aOR)为2.08(95%可信区间[CI] =[1.34, 3.22])。此外，三、四年级学生的相关性更强(aOR = 3.58;95% CI =[1.62, 7.89])，与一、二学年相比(aOR = 1.20;95% ci =[。71年,2.03])。讨论与结论。大学有必要为护理学生提供工具，使他们能够在学术培训和未来的卫生专业人员生活中应对压力情况。
{"title":"Nursing training and its association with burnout syndrome among Mexican undergraduate students","authors":"Karla Selene Consuelos-Sánchez, Araceli Cano-Estrada, A. C. Castañeda-Márquez, José Ángel Hernández-Mariano","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Previous data suggest that healthcare students, such as nursing students, might have a differential risk of presenting burnout syndrome caused by the stress they are subjected to. However, the evidence is still scarce and inconclusive. Objective. To evaluate the association between nursing training and burnout syndrome among undergraduate students in Hidalgo, Mexico. Method. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 566 undergraduate students (56% were nursing students and the rest were non-healthcare students). Burnout syndrome was identified using the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, consisting of subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished academic efficacy. The association between the variables of interest was evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for confounders. Results. In the depersonalization subscale, nursing students, compared with non-healthcare students, had an adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) of moderate/high burnout syndrome of 2.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.34, 3.22]). In addition, the association was stronger among students in the third and fourth school years (aOR = 3.58; 95% CI = [1.62, 7.89]) compared with those in the first and second school years (aOR = 1.20; 95% CI = [.71, 2.03]). Discussion and conclusion. It is necessary that universities provide nursing students with tools that allow them to cope with stressful situations during their academic training and their future life as health professionals.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86623006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：