Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2022.004
Raquel Mondragón Gómez, M. E. Medina-Mora Icaza, J. V. Villatoro Velázquez, M. B. Bustos Gamiño, Marcela Tiburcio Sainz, Emilia Lucio Gómez-Maqueo
Introduction. Studies in various countries have shown that adolescents with a history of parental use of alcohol have a greater risk of presenting alcohol problems of their own, including binge drinking, driving under the influence of alcohol, and alcohol dependence. A few studies in Mexico have also found this association, but these have been carried out with non-representative populations. Objective. To examine the association between a history of parental alcohol use and binge drinking, and parental use and possible dependence on alcohol, in a national sample of junior high and high school students in Mexico. Method. A descriptive correlational study was carried out based on a secondary analysis of the National Survey of Student Drug Use (Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes, ENCODE), which questioned 114,364 respondents. The association was evaluated with an estimate of prevalence ratios (PR). Results. Students whose mothers or both parents used alcohol had a greater risk for binge drinking (PR [mother] = 2.12, p #abr# .001; PR [both parents] = 2.18, p #abr# .001) and possible alcohol dependence (PR [mother] = 5.43, p #abr# .001; PR [both parents] = 5.14, p #abr# .001). Those whose fathers alone used alcohol had a lower risk for binge drinking (PR = 1.35, p #abr# .001) and for possible dependence (PR = 1.83, p #abr# .001). Discussion and conclusion. This study shows differences in the effects of problematic alcohol use by parents: use by the mother or by both parents implies a greater risk of binge drinking and possible dependence for their children. This finding should be considered in the design of interventions to prevent binge drinking.
{"title":"Problematic alcohol use in Mexican students: Transmission from parents to children","authors":"Raquel Mondragón Gómez, M. E. Medina-Mora Icaza, J. V. Villatoro Velázquez, M. B. Bustos Gamiño, Marcela Tiburcio Sainz, Emilia Lucio Gómez-Maqueo","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2022.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2022.004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Studies in various countries have shown that adolescents with a history of parental use of alcohol have a greater risk of presenting alcohol problems of their own, including binge drinking, driving under the influence of alcohol, and alcohol dependence. A few studies in Mexico have also found this association, but these have been carried out with non-representative populations. Objective. To examine the association between a history of parental alcohol use and binge drinking, and parental use and possible dependence on alcohol, in a national sample of junior high and high school students in Mexico. Method. A descriptive correlational study was carried out based on a secondary analysis of the National Survey of Student Drug Use (Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes, ENCODE), which questioned 114,364 respondents. The association was evaluated with an estimate of prevalence ratios (PR). Results. Students whose mothers or both parents used alcohol had a greater risk for binge drinking (PR [mother] = 2.12, p #abr# .001; PR [both parents] = 2.18, p #abr# .001) and possible alcohol dependence (PR [mother] = 5.43, p #abr# .001; PR [both parents] = 5.14, p #abr# .001). Those whose fathers alone used alcohol had a lower risk for binge drinking (PR = 1.35, p #abr# .001) and for possible dependence (PR = 1.83, p #abr# .001). Discussion and conclusion. This study shows differences in the effects of problematic alcohol use by parents: use by the mother or by both parents implies a greater risk of binge drinking and possible dependence for their children. This finding should be considered in the design of interventions to prevent binge drinking.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76757295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.037
V. Rodríguez-Pérez, Alicia Piñeirua Menéndez, Claudia Ramírez-Rentería, José Antonio Mata Marín
Introduction. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA) is the most widely used instrument for assessing depression symptoms. Although it has been validated in the Mexican population, it has not been tested in people living with HIV (PLWH), who tend to have symptoms difficult to distinguish from those associated with viral infection. Objective. We obtained the psychometric properties, sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off points to distinguish between a depressive episode, adjustment disorder and no symptoms. Method. Prospective study with 2,022 PLWH (88% men), who completed the BDI-IA between 2016 and 2017. Subjects had a mean age of 31.9 ± 9.3 years, with 12.0 ± 5.6 years of schooling, and 4.5 ± 4.3 years since diagnosis. The differentiation of items, internal consistency, factor analysis, and calculation of sensitivity and specificity were tested. Results. A Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .91 was obtained. Through factorial analysis with orthogonal rotation (average intercorrelations r = .40, KMO .929), we obtained three factors: general factor of depression, somatic, and cognition, which explained 39.7%, 6.01%, and 5.49% of the variance, respectively. Only the items in the first factor (the short version with 12 items) were tested. With a cut-off point of 11, it had 85.5% sensitivity and 76% specificity [(AUC) = .865, 95% CI [.83, .90], p ≤ .001], and distinguished major depressive disorder from cases without mental symptoms. Discussion and conclusion. We show that the short version of the BDI-IA is reliable, valid, sensitive, and specific for evaluating depression symptoms comorbid with HIV infection.
{"title":"Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA) adapted for HIV: Psychometric properties, sensitivity & specificity in depressive episodes, adjustment disorder & without symptomatology","authors":"V. Rodríguez-Pérez, Alicia Piñeirua Menéndez, Claudia Ramírez-Rentería, José Antonio Mata Marín","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.037","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA) is the most widely used instrument for assessing depression symptoms. Although it has been validated in the Mexican population, it has not been tested in people living with HIV (PLWH), who tend to have symptoms difficult to distinguish from those associated with viral infection. Objective. We obtained the psychometric properties, sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off points to distinguish between a depressive episode, adjustment disorder and no symptoms. Method. Prospective study with 2,022 PLWH (88% men), who completed the BDI-IA between 2016 and 2017. Subjects had a mean age of 31.9 ± 9.3 years, with 12.0 ± 5.6 years of schooling, and 4.5 ± 4.3 years since diagnosis. The differentiation of items, internal consistency, factor analysis, and calculation of sensitivity and specificity were tested. Results. A Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .91 was obtained. Through factorial analysis with orthogonal rotation (average intercorrelations r = .40, KMO .929), we obtained three factors: general factor of depression, somatic, and cognition, which explained 39.7%, 6.01%, and 5.49% of the variance, respectively. Only the items in the first factor (the short version with 12 items) were tested. With a cut-off point of 11, it had 85.5% sensitivity and 76% specificity [(AUC) = .865, 95% CI [.83, .90], p ≤ .001], and distinguished major depressive disorder from cases without mental symptoms. Discussion and conclusion. We show that the short version of the BDI-IA is reliable, valid, sensitive, and specific for evaluating depression symptoms comorbid with HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76520798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.034
Y. Flores-Peña, M. E. Pérez-Campa, H. Avila-Alpirez, J. M. Gutiérrez-Valverde, G. Gutierrez-Sanchez
Introduction. Depressive symptoms (DS) can impact maternal child feeding styles (MCFS), and child’s body weight. Objective. 1. Verify if DS are different depending if the child has, or not, overweight-obesity (OW-OB); 2. Identify the MCFS based on the fact that the child has, or not, OW-OB; 3. Verify it DS are different according to MCFS; 4. Identify DS’s predictors. Method. Correlational cross-sectional study. The participants were 259 dyads (mother- preschool child) residents in Mexico’ Northeast. Mothers answered the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Revised, and the Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Kruskall-Wallis H, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Results. Twelve point eight percent of the mothers (n = 33) had DS, 35.5% (n = 92) authoritarian MCFS. No significant difference was identified between DS and MCFS according to the child’s OW-OB or lack thereof (U = 5726.0, p #cer# .05 and X2 = .078, gl = 3, p #cer# .05). A significant positive correlation was found between DS and MCFS demandingness (rs = .208, p = .001). The authoritarian MCFS had the highest DS mean (H = 10.70, gl = 3, p #abr# .05). The demandingness predicts the DS (X2 = 826.445, gl = 1, p = .001). Discussion and conclusion. Authoritarian MCFS predominated, DS were higher in mothers with authoritarian MCFS; demandingness predicts DS. It is recommended to promote authoritarian MCFS which favors the development of healthy eating habits.
介绍。抑郁症状(DS)可以影响母亲的喂养方式(MCFS)和孩子的体重。目的:1。核实儿童是否患有超重肥胖(low -ob)，而DS是否会有所不同;2. 根据儿童是否患有低- ob这一事实来识别MCFS;3.根据MCFS验证DS是否不同;4. 确定DS的预测因子。方法。相关横断面研究。参与者是墨西哥东北部的259对(母亲-学龄前儿童)居民。母亲们回答了流行病学研究中心抑郁量表，修订版，以及照顾者喂养方式问卷。采用Mann-Whitney U检验、卡方检验、Kruskall-Wallis H检验和多元线性回归分析。结果。12.8%的母亲(n = 33)患有DS, 35.5%的母亲(n = 92)患有权威性MCFS。根据儿童低ob或无低ob, DS和MCFS之间无显著差异(U = 5726.0, p #cer# 0.05, X2 = 0.078, gl = 3, p #cer# 0.05)。DS与MCFS需求呈显著正相关(rs = .208, p = .001)。专制型MCFS的DS平均值最高(H = 10.70, gl = 3, p #abr# .05)。需求度预测DS (X2 = 826.445, gl = 1, p = .001)。讨论与结论。专制型MCFS占多数，专制型MCFS母亲的DS较高;需求预测DS。建议提倡有利于健康饮食习惯养成的权威式MCFS。
{"title":"Depressive symptoms, maternal feeding styles, and preschool child’s body weight","authors":"Y. Flores-Peña, M. E. Pérez-Campa, H. Avila-Alpirez, J. M. Gutiérrez-Valverde, G. Gutierrez-Sanchez","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.034","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Depressive symptoms (DS) can impact maternal child feeding styles (MCFS), and child’s body weight. Objective. 1. Verify if DS are different depending if the child has, or not, overweight-obesity (OW-OB); 2. Identify the MCFS based on the fact that the child has, or not, OW-OB; 3. Verify it DS are different according to MCFS; 4. Identify DS’s predictors. Method. Correlational cross-sectional study. The participants were 259 dyads (mother- preschool child) residents in Mexico’ Northeast. Mothers answered the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Revised, and the Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Kruskall-Wallis H, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Results. Twelve point eight percent of the mothers (n = 33) had DS, 35.5% (n = 92) authoritarian MCFS. No significant difference was identified between DS and MCFS according to the child’s OW-OB or lack thereof (U = 5726.0, p #cer# .05 and X2 = .078, gl = 3, p #cer# .05). A significant positive correlation was found between DS and MCFS demandingness (rs = .208, p = .001). The authoritarian MCFS had the highest DS mean (H = 10.70, gl = 3, p #abr# .05). The demandingness predicts the DS (X2 = 826.445, gl = 1, p = .001). Discussion and conclusion. Authoritarian MCFS predominated, DS were higher in mothers with authoritarian MCFS; demandingness predicts DS. It is recommended to promote authoritarian MCFS which favors the development of healthy eating habits.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79715682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.036
Ricardo Ignacio Audiffred Jaramillo, J. E. García de Alba García, Ivonne García Monzón, Carlos Isaac Loza Salazar, Leticia Limón Cervantes
Introduction. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects 21 million people worldwide, and it brings about environments with high Expressed Emotion (EE) in the families of these individuals. High EE is characterized by negative evaluations, criticism, and overinvolvement of family members towards the person with schizophrenia. Objective. Recognize the relationship between the cultural agreement about the symptoms of schizophrenia and EE. Method. The study had a mixed design, with a cognitive anthropology method. The sample had a probabilistic estimate based on Weller and Romney proposal, with a competence higher than 50%, a confidence level of 95%, and 5% of type I error. The 40 participants were selected with a simple randomized probability sampling, conformed by relatives of patients from the Instituto Jalisciense de Salud Mental (SALME). Results. The 45% of the sample showed a high EE according to the Questionnaire for Measuring the Level of Expressed Emotion (CEEE). A single valid cultural model with statistical significance was found, in which violence was identified as the main symptom of schizophrenia. The best-informed relatives showed a lower EE (Mann-Whitney U = 1,000, p #abr# .001). Discussion and conclusion. Schizophrenia disorder has been associated with stigmas that generate rejection and fear. A total of 40% of the world’s population believe people with schizophrenia are dangerous and violent. It must be considered opportune to reconsider the use of the term “schizophrenia”, which is etymologically imprecise and supports stigmas that have excluded and defamed people with schizophrenia for more than a century.
介绍。精神分裂症是一种影响全球2100万人的精神障碍，它给这些人的家庭带来了高表达情绪(EE)的环境。高情感表达的特征是家庭成员对精神分裂症患者的负面评价、批评和过度介入。目标。认识精神分裂症症状的文化认同与情感表达之间的关系。方法。该研究采用认知人类学方法，采用混合设计。样本有一个基于韦勒和罗姆尼建议的概率估计，能力高于50%，置信水平为95%，I型误差为5%。40名参与者通过简单的随机概率抽样选择，符合来自Jalisciense de Salud Mental研究所(SALME)的患者亲属。结果。根据《情绪表达水平量表》，45%的被试表现出高情绪表达水平。发现了一个具有统计意义的有效文化模型，其中暴力被确定为精神分裂症的主要症状。消息最灵通的亲属表现出较低的情感表达(Mann-Whitney U = 1000, p #abr# .001)。讨论与结论。精神分裂症与产生排斥和恐惧的耻辱感有关。全世界总共有40%的人认为精神分裂症患者是危险和暴力的。一个多世纪以来，“精神分裂症”一词在词源上不准确，并支持排斥和诽谤精神分裂症患者的污名，必须认为这是重新考虑这一术语的时机。
{"title":"Violence as a main symptom of schizophrenia and expressed emotion in relatives of users from Instituto Jalisciense de Salud Mental","authors":"Ricardo Ignacio Audiffred Jaramillo, J. E. García de Alba García, Ivonne García Monzón, Carlos Isaac Loza Salazar, Leticia Limón Cervantes","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.036","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects 21 million people worldwide, and it brings about environments with high Expressed Emotion (EE) in the families of these individuals. High EE is characterized by negative evaluations, criticism, and overinvolvement of family members towards the person with schizophrenia. Objective. Recognize the relationship between the cultural agreement about the symptoms of schizophrenia and EE. Method. The study had a mixed design, with a cognitive anthropology method. The sample had a probabilistic estimate based on Weller and Romney proposal, with a competence higher than 50%, a confidence level of 95%, and 5% of type I error. The 40 participants were selected with a simple randomized probability sampling, conformed by relatives of patients from the Instituto Jalisciense de Salud Mental (SALME). Results. The 45% of the sample showed a high EE according to the Questionnaire for Measuring the Level of Expressed Emotion (CEEE). A single valid cultural model with statistical significance was found, in which violence was identified as the main symptom of schizophrenia. The best-informed relatives showed a lower EE (Mann-Whitney U = 1,000, p #abr# .001). Discussion and conclusion. Schizophrenia disorder has been associated with stigmas that generate rejection and fear. A total of 40% of the world’s population believe people with schizophrenia are dangerous and violent. It must be considered opportune to reconsider the use of the term “schizophrenia”, which is etymologically imprecise and supports stigmas that have excluded and defamed people with schizophrenia for more than a century.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75957126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.039
Erik Leonardo Mateos Salgado, F. Ayala Guerrero, Alexis de Jesús Rueda Santos, Beatriz Eugenia del Olmo Alcántara
Introduction. The first night effect (FNE) is the tendency to have lower than usual sleep quality and quantity during the first polysomnography (PSG) recording, which alters sleep architecture. The FNE occurs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with studies suggesting that cardiac autonomic dysregulation is altered in patients with this illness. Objective. To determine whether the FNE influences the autonomic activity of ASD and typically developing (TD) children. Method. Two PSGs were recorded in 13 ASD and 13 TD children. The FNE was evaluated with eight sleep variables and autonomic activity through respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and low frequency (LF). Statistical analyses included intra- and inter-subject comparisons. Results. The FNE was present in both groups and affected more sleep variables in the ASD group. There were no significant differences between both recordings in RSA and LF. Inter-subject comparison showed significant differences in certain sleep variables, mainly during the first night. A comparison of RSA and LF between N2 and N3 stages and REM sleep showed that the TD group had significant differences in both measures whereas the ASD group only did so in the LF the first night. Discussion and conclusion. The influence of the FNE on the quantitative characteristics of sleep is corroborated in ASD and TD children, but not in RSA or LF. When the activity of the RSA and LF between sleep stages was considered, a different pattern was observed between the two PSG recordings.
{"title":"Evaluation of the first-night effect of polysomnographic recording on cardiac autonomic activity in children with autism spectrum disorder","authors":"Erik Leonardo Mateos Salgado, F. Ayala Guerrero, Alexis de Jesús Rueda Santos, Beatriz Eugenia del Olmo Alcántara","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.039","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The first night effect (FNE) is the tendency to have lower than usual sleep quality and quantity during the first polysomnography (PSG) recording, which alters sleep architecture. The FNE occurs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with studies suggesting that cardiac autonomic dysregulation is altered in patients with this illness. Objective. To determine whether the FNE influences the autonomic activity of ASD and typically developing (TD) children. Method. Two PSGs were recorded in 13 ASD and 13 TD children. The FNE was evaluated with eight sleep variables and autonomic activity through respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and low frequency (LF). Statistical analyses included intra- and inter-subject comparisons. Results. The FNE was present in both groups and affected more sleep variables in the ASD group. There were no significant differences between both recordings in RSA and LF. Inter-subject comparison showed significant differences in certain sleep variables, mainly during the first night. A comparison of RSA and LF between N2 and N3 stages and REM sleep showed that the TD group had significant differences in both measures whereas the ASD group only did so in the LF the first night. Discussion and conclusion. The influence of the FNE on the quantitative characteristics of sleep is corroborated in ASD and TD children, but not in RSA or LF. When the activity of the RSA and LF between sleep stages was considered, a different pattern was observed between the two PSG recordings.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83464586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.038
R. Gutiérrez, Leticia Vega
Introduction. The popular use of marijuana and its components (THC and CBD) for medicinal purposes is often regarded as irresponsible and ignorant. However, in this paper, it is conceptualized and studied as medical knowledge of self-care, in which it is linked to different therapeutic knowledge from conventional and alternative medicine to treat anxiety. Objective. This article reports on a qualitative research project designed to analyze the practices and risks of self-medication with CBD, and its links with medical treatments and self-care measures for dealing with anxiety in adult women in Mexico City. Method. Eleven adult women, mostly professionals, diagnosed with anxiety, participated in the study. In-depth interviews were conducted to learn how women use therapeutic resources to cope with anxiety in their everyday lives. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using ATLAS ti 7 software. Results. Self-medication is part of a self-care process with several facets: the experience of symptoms, self-diagnosis, the use of various remedies (dosage and administration), and their evaluation. During this process, women use a range of medication, psychological therapies, herbalism, acupuncture, yoga, and sleep hygiene measures, including CBD, either as an alternative or an adjunct to biomedical pharmacology, with or without medical supervision. Certain risks were identified, such as the use of CBD that may be incorrectly labeled or interact dangerously with other self-prescribed substances. Discussion and conclusion. These results coincide with those of various authors who equate self-care with a first level of care, which has risks that could be reduced by controlling misleading marketing and developing professional medical services, which are trained and accessible to users, who could inform them about the medicinal use, scope and risks of CBD or THC for health.
介绍。将大麻及其成分(四氢大麻酚和二氢大麻酚)广泛用于医疗目的通常被认为是不负责任和无知的。然而，在本文中，它被概念化和研究为自我保健的医学知识，其中它与传统医学和替代医学治疗焦虑的不同治疗知识相关联。目标。本文报道了一项定性研究项目，旨在分析使用CBD自我用药的做法和风险，以及它与墨西哥城成年妇女治疗焦虑的医学治疗和自我保健措施的联系。方法。11名成年女性参与了这项研究，她们大多是专业人士，被诊断患有焦虑症。研究人员进行了深入访谈，以了解女性如何使用治疗资源来应对日常生活中的焦虑。使用ATLAS ti 7软件对访谈进行转录和分析。结果。自我药疗是自我护理过程的一部分，包括以下几个方面:症状体验、自我诊断、各种补救措施的使用(剂量和给药)及其评估。在这一过程中，妇女在有或没有医疗监督的情况下，使用一系列药物、心理疗法、草药、针灸、瑜伽和睡眠卫生措施，包括CBD，作为生物医学药理学的替代品或辅助手段。确定了某些风险，例如使用CBD可能被错误地标记或与其他自开药物危险地相互作用。讨论与结论。这些结果与许多作者的结论一致，他们将自我保健等同于一级护理，这种风险可以通过控制误导性营销和发展专业医疗服务来降低，这些服务可以接受培训并为用户提供，他们可以告知他们CBD或THC对健康的医疗用途、范围和风险。
{"title":"Self-medication with cannabidiol (CBD) and associated treatments in the self-care of anxiety in women from Mexico City: A qualitative study","authors":"R. Gutiérrez, Leticia Vega","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.038","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The popular use of marijuana and its components (THC and CBD) for medicinal purposes is often regarded as irresponsible and ignorant. However, in this paper, it is conceptualized and studied as medical knowledge of self-care, in which it is linked to different therapeutic knowledge from conventional and alternative medicine to treat anxiety. Objective. This article reports on a qualitative research project designed to analyze the practices and risks of self-medication with CBD, and its links with medical treatments and self-care measures for dealing with anxiety in adult women in Mexico City. Method. Eleven adult women, mostly professionals, diagnosed with anxiety, participated in the study. In-depth interviews were conducted to learn how women use therapeutic resources to cope with anxiety in their everyday lives. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using ATLAS ti 7 software. Results. Self-medication is part of a self-care process with several facets: the experience of symptoms, self-diagnosis, the use of various remedies (dosage and administration), and their evaluation. During this process, women use a range of medication, psychological therapies, herbalism, acupuncture, yoga, and sleep hygiene measures, including CBD, either as an alternative or an adjunct to biomedical pharmacology, with or without medical supervision. Certain risks were identified, such as the use of CBD that may be incorrectly labeled or interact dangerously with other self-prescribed substances. Discussion and conclusion. These results coincide with those of various authors who equate self-care with a first level of care, which has risks that could be reduced by controlling misleading marketing and developing professional medical services, which are trained and accessible to users, who could inform them about the medicinal use, scope and risks of CBD or THC for health.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83537706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.035
M. Lara, S. Berenzon, L. Nieto, Laura Navarrete, Clara Fleiz, Marycarmen Bustos, J. Villatoro
Introduction. The transition to parenthood can be a source of stress for fathers and, in some cases, it can be accompanied by emotional distress. This aspect has been neglected in Mexican research. Objective. To estimate the prevalence of emotional distress and the sociodemographic factors associated with it in Mexican fathers. Method. Cross-sectional study. A subsample of 997 fathers, over 18 years of age, was taken from the data of a national survey, whose partners were pregnant or had given birth in the last six months. The Kessler Emotional Distress Scale (K6) was used. Results. About 25% of the fathers experienced moderate emotional distress during their partner's pregnancy and 29.5% during the postpartum period; 1.0% and 1.9% showed serious emotional distress in those periods, respectively. Being between 18 and 29 years old (PR = .10; CI [.01, .79]), having lower educational attainment (PR = 5.59; CI [1.19, 26.21]), and going through postpartum (PR = 4.11; CI [1.00, 16.78]) were at higher risks for severe emotional distress; having one or two children (PR = .16; CI [.05, .55]) or more than three (PR = .08; CI [.01, .44]) was a higher risk than being a first-time father. Discussion and conclusion. It is necessary to continue studying paternal perinatal mental health due to the impact it has on the mother and the infant, and to design tailored interventions. Parental emotional distress needs to be better understood considering recent changes in the paternal role in developing countries.
{"title":"A population study on perinatal psychological distress in Mexican fathers","authors":"M. Lara, S. Berenzon, L. Nieto, Laura Navarrete, Clara Fleiz, Marycarmen Bustos, J. Villatoro","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.035","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The transition to parenthood can be a source of stress for fathers and, in some cases, it can be accompanied by emotional distress. This aspect has been neglected in Mexican research. Objective. To estimate the prevalence of emotional distress and the sociodemographic factors associated with it in Mexican fathers. Method. Cross-sectional study. A subsample of 997 fathers, over 18 years of age, was taken from the data of a national survey, whose partners were pregnant or had given birth in the last six months. The Kessler Emotional Distress Scale (K6) was used. Results. About 25% of the fathers experienced moderate emotional distress during their partner's pregnancy and 29.5% during the postpartum period; 1.0% and 1.9% showed serious emotional distress in those periods, respectively. Being between 18 and 29 years old (PR = .10; CI [.01, .79]), having lower educational attainment (PR = 5.59; CI [1.19, 26.21]), and going through postpartum (PR = 4.11; CI [1.00, 16.78]) were at higher risks for severe emotional distress; having one or two children (PR = .16; CI [.05, .55]) or more than three (PR = .08; CI [.01, .44]) was a higher risk than being a first-time father. Discussion and conclusion. It is necessary to continue studying paternal perinatal mental health due to the impact it has on the mother and the infant, and to design tailored interventions. Parental emotional distress needs to be better understood considering recent changes in the paternal role in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77710987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-22DOI: 10.17711/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2021.031
Susana Mesa Mesa, Alejandra Gómez García, Luisa Fernanda Naranjo Pérez, Laura Montoya, Martha Saldarriaga, Juan David Velásquez Tirado, Gustavo Adolfo Constaín González, C. R. Ramírez, Yeison Felipe Gutiérrez Vélez, J. G. F. Vásquez
Introduction. The admission of the newborn to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) leads to maternal stress. This stress has deleterious consequences on the mother and the appropriate attachment with her child. Objective. To assess the relationship of mothers’ sociodemographic, clinical, psychological, and psychiatric factors, as well as neonates’ clinical aspects with the level of psychological stress perceived by mothers of neonates admitted to the NICU. Method. Cross-sectional study with 47 women over the age of 18, whose infants had been admitted to a NICU during the last 72 hours. Bivariate correlations and a multivariate linear model with the significant variables in the bivariate analyses where performed. Results. According to the multivariate model, the perception of loneliness and the presence of at least one psychiatric diagnosis (depressive episode, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, or substance use disorder) were associated with maternal stress. Problem-focused coping strategies were relevant within the model and could have protective value against stress. The model explained 73.5% of the stress severity variance ( F 38.848; p Discussion and conclusion. Stress in mothers of newborns admitted to a NICU is related to their feeling of loneliness and mental health. The mothers’ need for support and psychopathology are aspects to be considered when providing care to the newborns and their families. Training in coping strategies focused on specific situations could contribute to the reduction of mothers’ stress.
{"title":"Psychological stress in mothers of neonates admitted to an intensive care unit","authors":"Susana Mesa Mesa, Alejandra Gómez García, Luisa Fernanda Naranjo Pérez, Laura Montoya, Martha Saldarriaga, Juan David Velásquez Tirado, Gustavo Adolfo Constaín González, C. R. Ramírez, Yeison Felipe Gutiérrez Vélez, J. G. F. Vásquez","doi":"10.17711/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2021.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2021.031","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The admission of the newborn to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) leads to maternal stress. This stress has deleterious consequences on the mother and the appropriate attachment with her child. Objective. To assess the relationship of mothers’ sociodemographic, clinical, psychological, and psychiatric factors, as well as neonates’ clinical aspects with the level of psychological stress perceived by mothers of neonates admitted to the NICU. Method. Cross-sectional study with 47 women over the age of 18, whose infants had been admitted to a NICU during the last 72 hours. Bivariate correlations and a multivariate linear model with the significant variables in the bivariate analyses where performed. Results. According to the multivariate model, the perception of loneliness and the presence of at least one psychiatric diagnosis (depressive episode, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, or substance use disorder) were associated with maternal stress. Problem-focused coping strategies were relevant within the model and could have protective value against stress. The model explained 73.5% of the stress severity variance ( F 38.848; p Discussion and conclusion. Stress in mothers of newborns admitted to a NICU is related to their feeling of loneliness and mental health. The mothers’ need for support and psychopathology are aspects to be considered when providing care to the newborns and their families. Training in coping strategies focused on specific situations could contribute to the reduction of mothers’ stress.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72591095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.030
A. Juárez-García, Anabel Camacho-avila, J. García-Rivas, Oniria Gutiérrez-Ramos
Introduction. The World Health Organization has estimated a significant increase in mental disorders due to the COVID-19 pandemic and has identified healthcare workers as a vulnerable group. In Mexico, the impact of this pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers and the psychosocial factors associated with it remain unknown. Objective. To identify levels of stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression and their relationship with negative psychosocial stressors and positive psychosocial resources in healthcare workers in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. As a part of a larger project in certain Latin American countries, 269 health workers from various Mexican clinics and hospital centers initially participated in a non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational design. Participants were recruited by targeted sampling. Various ultra-brief measures were used to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety, burnout, and stress and a mixed-methods exploration technique was used to identify associated psychosocial factors, which were also explored with cluster analysis. Results. We found high levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms (56.9% and 74.7%), as well as burnout and stress (49.8% and 46.8%). Although the stressors “infection of self” and “family infection” (38.3% and 30.9%) and the resources “family” and “personal protective equipment” (34.6% and 24.5%) were the most frequent, there were more than 20 factors in each category differentially associated with mental health. Cluster analysis made it possible to identify representative sets of psychosocial variables. Discussion and conclusion. The increased risk in mental health for health care workers is confirmed in a preliminary way and the stressors and resources to be considered in preventive strategies to address COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico are identified.
{"title":"Psychosocial factors and mental health in Mexican healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"A. Juárez-García, Anabel Camacho-avila, J. García-Rivas, Oniria Gutiérrez-Ramos","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.030","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The World Health Organization has estimated a significant increase in mental disorders due to the COVID-19 pandemic and has identified healthcare workers as a vulnerable group. In Mexico, the impact of this pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers and the psychosocial factors associated with it remain unknown. Objective. To identify levels of stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression and their relationship with negative psychosocial stressors and positive psychosocial resources in healthcare workers in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. As a part of a larger project in certain Latin American countries, 269 health workers from various Mexican clinics and hospital centers initially participated in a non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational design. Participants were recruited by targeted sampling. Various ultra-brief measures were used to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety, burnout, and stress and a mixed-methods exploration technique was used to identify associated psychosocial factors, which were also explored with cluster analysis. Results. We found high levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms (56.9% and 74.7%), as well as burnout and stress (49.8% and 46.8%). Although the stressors “infection of self” and “family infection” (38.3% and 30.9%) and the resources “family” and “personal protective equipment” (34.6% and 24.5%) were the most frequent, there were more than 20 factors in each category differentially associated with mental health. Cluster analysis made it possible to identify representative sets of psychosocial variables. Discussion and conclusion. The increased risk in mental health for health care workers is confirmed in a preliminary way and the stressors and resources to be considered in preventive strategies to address COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico are identified.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75315850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2021.027
Emmeline Lagunes Cordoba
The World Health Organization states that people’s mental health is as essential and important to our well-being as is our physical health. This is because, when we feel mentally well, we can not only be productive and contribute to our communities, but we can also enjoy our free time, and arguably enjoy our lives. The recognition of this intricated relationship has led to multiple studies focused on identifying those factors impacting people’s well-being and mental health. For example, alcohol consumption and obesity have been associated with poor mental health and quality of life, while physical activity, adequate sleep, and consumption of fruits and vegetables have been associated with better health and well-being. As well as having good social support and socioeconomic stability.
{"title":"Well-being and mental health of healthcare workers before, during, and after COVID-19","authors":"Emmeline Lagunes Cordoba","doi":"10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2021.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2021.027","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization states that people’s mental health is as essential and important to our well-being as is our physical health. This is because, when we feel mentally well, we can not only be productive and contribute to our communities, but we can also enjoy our free time, and arguably enjoy our lives. The recognition of this intricated relationship has led to multiple studies focused on identifying those factors impacting people’s well-being and mental health. For example, alcohol consumption and obesity have been associated with poor mental health and quality of life, while physical activity, adequate sleep, and consumption of fruits and vegetables have been associated with better health and well-being. As well as having good social support and socioeconomic stability.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82729804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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