Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.034
Isabel Cornejo-Plaza
Background. Recently, the academic world has established a series of reconfigurations of emerging human rights, in order to safeguard the mental integrity of people exposed to neurotechnologies. The recommendations of different stakeholders and a literature review support regulation of these technologies. There are different proposals for regulation, some in soft law and others in objective law. The type of regulation chosen can have repercussions on clinical practice, research, and public policy. The constitutional enactment of neurorights in Chile has been criticized in the academic fields of neuroethics and law as having potential negative effects on mental health research. Objective. To analyze in light of the available literature whether the construction of neurorights could create ethical conflicts in the field of mental health, or if it could offer protection against the disruptive use of various neurotechnologies. Method. This analysis included a narrative review of studies included in the PsycInfo, Springer, JSTOR, Medline, Scopus, PubMed, CINALH, and Web of Science databases, without restrictions on language or year of publication. Results. The enactment of neurorights as hard law is found not to be detrimental to the field of mental health. Discussion and conclusion. This article argues that the regulation of neurorights does not threaten the framework of an ecosystem that uses neurotechnologies. On the contrary, such regulation offers protections to people within the complex system of neurotechnologies.
背景。最近，学术界建立了一系列新兴人权的重新配置，以保护接触神经技术的人的精神完整性。不同利益相关者的建议和文献综述支持这些技术的监管。规制的建议有软法的，也有客观法的。所选择的监管类型可能对临床实践、研究和公共政策产生影响。智利宪法规定的神经权利在神经伦理学和法学学术领域受到批评，认为对精神健康研究有潜在的负面影响。目标。根据现有文献，分析神经权利的构建是否会在心理健康领域产生伦理冲突，或者它是否可以提供保护，防止各种神经技术的破坏性使用。方法。该分析包括对PsycInfo、Springer、JSTOR、Medline、Scopus、PubMed、CINALH和Web of Science数据库中研究的叙述性综述，不受语言和出版年份的限制。结果。将神经权利作为硬性法律加以颁布，对精神卫生领域没有不利影响。讨论与结论。本文认为，对神经权利的监管不会威胁到使用神经技术的生态系统的框架。相反，这种监管为身处复杂的神经技术系统中的人们提供了保护。
{"title":"Chilean neurorights legislation and its relevance for mental health: Criticisms and outlook","authors":"Isabel Cornejo-Plaza","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.034","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Recently, the academic world has established a series of reconfigurations of emerging human rights, in order to safeguard the mental integrity of people exposed to neurotechnologies. The recommendations of different stakeholders and a literature review support regulation of these technologies. There are different proposals for regulation, some in soft law and others in objective law. The type of regulation chosen can have repercussions on clinical practice, research, and public policy. The constitutional enactment of neurorights in Chile has been criticized in the academic fields of neuroethics and law as having potential negative effects on mental health research. Objective. To analyze in light of the available literature whether the construction of neurorights could create ethical conflicts in the field of mental health, or if it could offer protection against the disruptive use of various neurotechnologies. Method. This analysis included a narrative review of studies included in the PsycInfo, Springer, JSTOR, Medline, Scopus, PubMed, CINALH, and Web of Science databases, without restrictions on language or year of publication. Results. The enactment of neurorights as hard law is found not to be detrimental to the field of mental health. Discussion and conclusion. This article argues that the regulation of neurorights does not threaten the framework of an ecosystem that uses neurotechnologies. On the contrary, such regulation offers protections to people within the complex system of neurotechnologies.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.033
Liliana Mondragón-Barrios, Fernando Lolas Stepke
Introduction. Mental health services have been a focus of human rights advocates and recent legal reforms in some Latin American countries, which have called for a change from the paradigm of hospitalization to one of accompanying and supporting the person with mental health issues, which make it possible to apply the Advance Directives in Psychiatry (PADs). This change will require time, as well as economic, material, and human resources, and transformations in attitudes, culture, and society, but the implementation of PADs cannot be postponed: they must be used to protect the autonomy of the persons affected, within a bioethical framework. Objective. Identify possible bioethical conditions in the prevailing conventional hospital context in Latin America that allow for an implementation of PADs. Method. A participant-observer study was carried out in two psychiatric hospital services from June to September 2022. Results. A thematic analysis found three themes: 1) clinical care, 2) patient predisposition, and 3) medical-legal questions. This study considered part of theme 2, including the following sub-themes: a) patient self-perception, b) biography/narrative versus diagnostic classification, and c) negotiation. Discussion and conclusion. Prominent among the sub-themes discussed are recognition of the values of autonomy and its elements in all of the expressions of the person with mental illness, as well as actions of the physician or health care team in synergy with supported decision-making, a distinctive feature of the anticipatory process of the PAD.
{"title":"Bioethics and advance directives in psychiatric in the hospital context","authors":"Liliana Mondragón-Barrios, Fernando Lolas Stepke","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.033","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Mental health services have been a focus of human rights advocates and recent legal reforms in some Latin American countries, which have called for a change from the paradigm of hospitalization to one of accompanying and supporting the person with mental health issues, which make it possible to apply the Advance Directives in Psychiatry (PADs). This change will require time, as well as economic, material, and human resources, and transformations in attitudes, culture, and society, but the implementation of PADs cannot be postponed: they must be used to protect the autonomy of the persons affected, within a bioethical framework. Objective. Identify possible bioethical conditions in the prevailing conventional hospital context in Latin America that allow for an implementation of PADs. Method. A participant-observer study was carried out in two psychiatric hospital services from June to September 2022. Results. A thematic analysis found three themes: 1) clinical care, 2) patient predisposition, and 3) medical-legal questions. This study considered part of theme 2, including the following sub-themes: a) patient self-perception, b) biography/narrative versus diagnostic classification, and c) negotiation. Discussion and conclusion. Prominent among the sub-themes discussed are recognition of the values of autonomy and its elements in all of the expressions of the person with mental illness, as well as actions of the physician or health care team in synergy with supported decision-making, a distinctive feature of the anticipatory process of the PAD.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.031
Fernando Martinez Pintor
The importance of biopsychosocial factors in the genesis and maintenance of disease is increasingly being recognized. Most illnesses should be studied from a multifactorial perspective to facilitate understanding and treating them. Many psychopathological processes involve factors such as loneliness, hopelessness, and lack of social cohesion. As early as the nineteenth century, J.M. Charcot defined those illnesses in which no organic lesion was visible as functional disorders. Today, the anthropological view of illness known as the Heidelberg School provides us with a more global and comprehensible assessment of illness. The anthropological approach is complemented by a bioethical one, a bioethics of daily life which, as a practical science, studies and evaluates the living conditions of individuals, seeking practical solutions and contributing its reflections with deliberation and care. In this paper, we aim to highlight the most important factors that have an impact on illness by providing an anthropological view of illness and bringing bioethics closer to everyday life.
{"title":"Anthropological algology and bioethics","authors":"Fernando Martinez Pintor","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.031","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of biopsychosocial factors in the genesis and maintenance of disease is increasingly being recognized. Most illnesses should be studied from a multifactorial perspective to facilitate understanding and treating them. Many psychopathological processes involve factors such as loneliness, hopelessness, and lack of social cohesion. As early as the nineteenth century, J.M. Charcot defined those illnesses in which no organic lesion was visible as functional disorders. Today, the anthropological view of illness known as the Heidelberg School provides us with a more global and comprehensible assessment of illness. The anthropological approach is complemented by a bioethical one, a bioethics of daily life which, as a practical science, studies and evaluates the living conditions of individuals, seeking practical solutions and contributing its reflections with deliberation and care. In this paper, we aim to highlight the most important factors that have an impact on illness by providing an anthropological view of illness and bringing bioethics closer to everyday life.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.030
Fernando Lolas Stepke
This article applies the concept of normality, in both its descriptive and normative connotations, to the field of mental health, emphasizing its ethical undertones in different cultural and situational contexts. Ethics is defined as the linguistic justification of morals, and bioethics is characterized by arguments based on dialogical, discursive, and deliberative processes. Bioethical decision-making influences human relationships and has implications for diagnosis, prognosis, interventions, and evaluation of therapeutic results and outcomes. Normality in mental health should be reformulated on bioethical principles to avoid being a source of stigma and discrimination, at a time when human diversity and cultural change impose a redefinition of conceptual boundaries and depathologization of different forms of behavior and experience.
{"title":"Normality and mental health: The ethical dimension","authors":"Fernando Lolas Stepke","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"This article applies the concept of normality, in both its descriptive and normative connotations, to the field of mental health, emphasizing its ethical undertones in different cultural and situational contexts. Ethics is defined as the linguistic justification of morals, and bioethics is characterized by arguments based on dialogical, discursive, and deliberative processes. Bioethical decision-making influences human relationships and has implications for diagnosis, prognosis, interventions, and evaluation of therapeutic results and outcomes. Normality in mental health should be reformulated on bioethical principles to avoid being a source of stigma and discrimination, at a time when human diversity and cultural change impose a redefinition of conceptual boundaries and depathologization of different forms of behavior and experience.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.032
Eduardo Rodríguez-Yunta
Objective. To reflect on ethical and social issues related to research on the genetics of mental health. Method. A narrative review was undertaken of 87 articles found in three databases: Medline, Scopus, and Scielo. Keywords were defined broadly to capture as many relevant publications as possible. Data were summarized by topic. Results. The following topics were identified regarding the application of genetic and genomic tools to mental health disorders: problems with diagnosis, proper informed consent procedures, protecting confidential data, providing participants with research results, risk-benefit balance, equity and access, commercialization of genotyping, and prenatal testing. Discussion and Conclusion. Although a promising field, there is still much research needed on genetic approaches to mental health to achieve clinical relevance and predictive value, and more so in developing countries where there is little available data. Cost-benefit studies thus do not recommend genetic diagnoses in underdeveloped settings. Instead, local approaches should be enhanced. One limitation of research on the genetics of mental health is that it seeks biological causes for mental illnesses. However, the etiology of most mental health disorders is multifactorial, limiting the predictive value of genetic tests. Still, understanding the genetic origins of the biological pathways that lead to mental illness is important to diagnosis and therapy. Other problems discussed are enhancement of the informed consent process and counseling, protection of the right to know and not to know, and how the geneticization of disease is related to stigma.
{"title":"Ethical and social issues in research on genetics and mental health","authors":"Eduardo Rodríguez-Yunta","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To reflect on ethical and social issues related to research on the genetics of mental health. Method. A narrative review was undertaken of 87 articles found in three databases: Medline, Scopus, and Scielo. Keywords were defined broadly to capture as many relevant publications as possible. Data were summarized by topic. Results. The following topics were identified regarding the application of genetic and genomic tools to mental health disorders: problems with diagnosis, proper informed consent procedures, protecting confidential data, providing participants with research results, risk-benefit balance, equity and access, commercialization of genotyping, and prenatal testing. Discussion and Conclusion. Although a promising field, there is still much research needed on genetic approaches to mental health to achieve clinical relevance and predictive value, and more so in developing countries where there is little available data. Cost-benefit studies thus do not recommend genetic diagnoses in underdeveloped settings. Instead, local approaches should be enhanced. One limitation of research on the genetics of mental health is that it seeks biological causes for mental illnesses. However, the etiology of most mental health disorders is multifactorial, limiting the predictive value of genetic tests. Still, understanding the genetic origins of the biological pathways that lead to mental illness is important to diagnosis and therapy. Other problems discussed are enhancement of the informed consent process and counseling, protection of the right to know and not to know, and how the geneticization of disease is related to stigma.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136363154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.026
Fernanda Rocha Anjos de Oliveira Souza, V. F. D. Nascimento, M. Espinosa, S. Pillon, Christopher Wagstaff, A. C. P. Terças-Trettel
Introduction. The pandemic has generated challenges which impact the mental health of the population, including postgraduate healthcare students. Objective. To evaluate the factors associated with depression in postgraduate healthcare students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. This is a cross-sectional study with postgraduate healthcare students, with a sample of 117 participants. The data were collected through an online form, between September and November 2021, using semi-structured questionnaires with sociodemographic information and information regarding participants’ mental health, as defined by the DSM-5 Scale, where the depression domain was considered a variable for this study. The variables were tested using the Poisson multiple regression model with robust variance in the bivariate analysis between the dependent and independent variables (95% CI). Results. In the bivariate analysis, there was an association between depression and not having a partner, also a low monthly income, studying for a master’s or professional doctorate and having an employment relationship parallel to the postgraduate course. Regarding the mental health of the participants, the following factors were associated with depression: anger, mania, anxiety, somatic symptoms, suicidal ideation, mental disorder, memory, repetitive thinking, dissociation, personality functioning, and substance use (p () .05). In the multiple analysis, it was found that mania, anxiety, and dissociation remained statistically associated with depression (p () .05). Discussion and conclusion. Factors associated with depression in this population raise the importance of mental health promotion interventions for postgraduate healthcare students, who seek help both through mental health services and through their universities.
{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic’s risk factors for depression among postgraduate healthcare students","authors":"Fernanda Rocha Anjos de Oliveira Souza, V. F. D. Nascimento, M. Espinosa, S. Pillon, Christopher Wagstaff, A. C. P. Terças-Trettel","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The pandemic has generated challenges which impact the mental health of the population, including postgraduate healthcare students. Objective. To evaluate the factors associated with depression in postgraduate healthcare students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. This is a cross-sectional study with postgraduate healthcare students, with a sample of 117 participants. The data were collected through an online form, between September and November 2021, using semi-structured questionnaires with sociodemographic information and information regarding participants’ mental health, as defined by the DSM-5 Scale, where the depression domain was considered a variable for this study. The variables were tested using the Poisson multiple regression model with robust variance in the bivariate analysis between the dependent and independent variables (95% CI). Results. In the bivariate analysis, there was an association between depression and not having a partner, also a low monthly income, studying for a master’s or professional doctorate and having an employment relationship parallel to the postgraduate course. Regarding the mental health of the participants, the following factors were associated with depression: anger, mania, anxiety, somatic symptoms, suicidal ideation, mental disorder, memory, repetitive thinking, dissociation, personality functioning, and substance use (p () .05). In the multiple analysis, it was found that mania, anxiety, and dissociation remained statistically associated with depression (p () .05). Discussion and conclusion. Factors associated with depression in this population raise the importance of mental health promotion interventions for postgraduate healthcare students, who seek help both through mental health services and through their universities.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74641026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.024
José Benjamín Guerrero-López, A. M. Monterrosas, Carlos Reyes-Carmona, Araceli Arrioja Guerrero, Andrea Navarrete-Martínez, Felipe Flores Morones, M. Flores-Ramos, Héctor Fernando Hernández-Ruiz
Introduction. Academic performance in medical students can be influenced by several factors, including those related to mental health and family relationships. Objective. To examine the factors affecting academic performance in medical students, specifically considering potential diagnoses of depression. Method. A survey was conducted among 747 fourth-year medical students. The survey included questions on sociodemographic variables, mental health, and well-being. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was utilized, encompassing sections on depression, anxiety, panic, eating habits, alcohol consumption, and the Stress Perception Scale. Academic performance was assessed based on students' Grade Point Average (GPA). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a linear regression model were employed for data analysis. Results. The study revealed several variables significantly associated with GPA. Age (r = -.388), financial situation (r = .241), relationships with cohabitants (r = .165), and relationships with peers (r = .217) were found to have a correlation with academic performance. Additionally, repeating a course was found to be significantly associated with a person's GPA (r = .518) even after controlling for depression. Discussion and conclusion. The findings indicate that robust mental health, a favorable financial situation, and positive interpersonal relationships are crucial for achieving optimal academic performance in medical students. These results emphasize the need to address mental health concerns, promote a supportive social environment, and provide financial assistance to enhance the educational outcomes of medical students.
{"title":"Factors related to academic performance in medical students","authors":"José Benjamín Guerrero-López, A. M. Monterrosas, Carlos Reyes-Carmona, Araceli Arrioja Guerrero, Andrea Navarrete-Martínez, Felipe Flores Morones, M. Flores-Ramos, Héctor Fernando Hernández-Ruiz","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Academic performance in medical students can be influenced by several factors, including those related to mental health and family relationships. Objective. To examine the factors affecting academic performance in medical students, specifically considering potential diagnoses of depression. Method. A survey was conducted among 747 fourth-year medical students. The survey included questions on sociodemographic variables, mental health, and well-being. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was utilized, encompassing sections on depression, anxiety, panic, eating habits, alcohol consumption, and the Stress Perception Scale. Academic performance was assessed based on students' Grade Point Average (GPA). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a linear regression model were employed for data analysis. Results. The study revealed several variables significantly associated with GPA. Age (r = -.388), financial situation (r = .241), relationships with cohabitants (r = .165), and relationships with peers (r = .217) were found to have a correlation with academic performance. Additionally, repeating a course was found to be significantly associated with a person's GPA (r = .518) even after controlling for depression. Discussion and conclusion. The findings indicate that robust mental health, a favorable financial situation, and positive interpersonal relationships are crucial for achieving optimal academic performance in medical students. These results emphasize the need to address mental health concerns, promote a supportive social environment, and provide financial assistance to enhance the educational outcomes of medical students.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89533618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.022
Luciano Machado-Oliveira, Alison Oliveira da Silva, Breno Quintella Farah, Iberê Caldas Souza Leão, Fabiano Tadeu Costa Souza, Fátima Larissa Santiago, Leonardo Machado, Paula Rejane Beserra Diniz
Introduction. Adolescents who practice sports have better mental health indicators. Objective. To analyze the association between different types of physical activity (systematized exercise, individual, and collective sports), mental health, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Method. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 666 Brazilian adolescents (14-19 y.o.) attending high schools and selected using random cluster sampling. The mental health indicators analyzed were evaluated through the Self Reporting Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, including suicidal ideation. We also obtained physical activity information through questionnaires. Results. There was a higher prevalence related to mental disorders (54.2% vs. 32.5%), difficulties related to mental health (79.6% vs. 48.4%), and suicidal thoughts (22.9% vs. 11.4%) in girls than in boys (p () .001 for all). The boys engaged in more team sports (41.0 vs. 23.8), whereas girls performed more exercise (45.1 vs. 26.5; p () .001). Discussion and conclusion. The practice of team sports helps develop the collective spirit, stimulates social interaction, and develops reasoning and emotional intelligence. Boys who play team sports have fewer symptoms of common mental disorders, lower mental health problems, and less suicidal ideation than physically inactive boys.
{"title":"Team sports as a protective factor against mental health problems and suicidal ideation in adolescents","authors":"Luciano Machado-Oliveira, Alison Oliveira da Silva, Breno Quintella Farah, Iberê Caldas Souza Leão, Fabiano Tadeu Costa Souza, Fátima Larissa Santiago, Leonardo Machado, Paula Rejane Beserra Diniz","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Adolescents who practice sports have better mental health indicators. Objective. To analyze the association between different types of physical activity (systematized exercise, individual, and collective sports), mental health, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Method. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 666 Brazilian adolescents (14-19 y.o.) attending high schools and selected using random cluster sampling. The mental health indicators analyzed were evaluated through the Self Reporting Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, including suicidal ideation. We also obtained physical activity information through questionnaires. Results. There was a higher prevalence related to mental disorders (54.2% vs. 32.5%), difficulties related to mental health (79.6% vs. 48.4%), and suicidal thoughts (22.9% vs. 11.4%) in girls than in boys (p () .001 for all). The boys engaged in more team sports (41.0 vs. 23.8), whereas girls performed more exercise (45.1 vs. 26.5; p () .001). Discussion and conclusion. The practice of team sports helps develop the collective spirit, stimulates social interaction, and develops reasoning and emotional intelligence. Boys who play team sports have fewer symptoms of common mental disorders, lower mental health problems, and less suicidal ideation than physically inactive boys.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81722092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.025
Luis Fernando Collazos Marín, Guillermo Velázquez Lopez, Ismael Aguilar Salas
Introduction. The demographic and epidemiological transition, as well as the aging population has changed how older adults are treated in our healthcare system. Objective. To establish the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients from the Psychogeriatric Clinic (PC) of the Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry (INPRFM) seen between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020. Method. Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study. A database was created with the information from digital clinical records. No additional scales were used. Statistical analysis performed in SPSS 20.0. Results. 2056 records were found, 1247 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 74.28 years, women 73.46% (n = 916), primary school 46.62% (n = 427), married 35.70% (n = 327), urban area 93.99% (n = 1172), home-based 78.28% (n = 717), low socioeconomic level 59.99% (n = 522). The most common psychiatric pathology was depressive disorders 62.07% (n = 774) and neurocognitive disorders 37.52% (n = 468) due to Alzheimer’s disease 17.08% (n = 213), with Mini-Mental State Examination of 18.88 points (± 6.68). They had comorbidities such as arterial hypertension 52.85% (n = 659), diabetes mellitus 23.34% (n = 291) and had a geriatric syndrome in 64.42% (n = 218). Discussion and conclusion. Aging in Mexico affects the female population the most. The analysis report from the prevalence for psychogeriatric pathologies of the PC it’s for of its kind. The main goal is promoting research on dementias and highlighting the magnitude of the problem for Latin American governments. The results are not intended to be extrapolated to the general population.
{"title":"What diseases affect elderly Mexican population? ","authors":"Luis Fernando Collazos Marín, Guillermo Velázquez Lopez, Ismael Aguilar Salas","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.025","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The demographic and epidemiological transition, as well as the aging population has changed how older adults are treated in our healthcare system. Objective. To establish the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients from the Psychogeriatric Clinic (PC) of the Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry (INPRFM) seen between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020. Method. Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study. A database was created with the information from digital clinical records. No additional scales were used. Statistical analysis performed in SPSS 20.0. Results. 2056 records were found, 1247 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 74.28 years, women 73.46% (n = 916), primary school 46.62% (n = 427), married 35.70% (n = 327), urban area 93.99% (n = 1172), home-based 78.28% (n = 717), low socioeconomic level 59.99% (n = 522). The most common psychiatric pathology was depressive disorders 62.07% (n = 774) and neurocognitive disorders 37.52% (n = 468) due to Alzheimer’s disease 17.08% (n = 213), with Mini-Mental State Examination of 18.88 points (± 6.68). They had comorbidities such as arterial hypertension 52.85% (n = 659), diabetes mellitus 23.34% (n = 291) and had a geriatric syndrome in 64.42% (n = 218). Discussion and conclusion. Aging in Mexico affects the female population the most. The analysis report from the prevalence for psychogeriatric pathologies of the PC it’s for of its kind. The main goal is promoting research on dementias and highlighting the magnitude of the problem for Latin American governments. The results are not intended to be extrapolated to the general population.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77583727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.023
Tience Debora Valentina, Firmanto Adi Nurcahyo, Dewi Puri Astiti
Introduction. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of young people has attracted the concerned of many parties. Self-efficacy, an individual’s belief to cope with various situations, is believed to have a relationship with individual’s psychological well-being. Objective. To explore the relationship between self-efficacy and well-being of young people in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. A cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of high schools and universities students in Indonesia. The number of participants were 365 young people aged 15-23 years (M = 18.57; SD = 1.95). They were asked to complete the Self-efficacy Scale and the Flourishing Scale in the form of an online survey. Results. There is a positive correlation between self-efficacy and well-being (r = .547, p () .01) with the contribution percentage of 33.5%. The two-way ANOVA resulted there was an effect of education level on wellbeing (F = 12.956, p () .05), while there was no gender effect on wellbeing (F = .006, p #cer# .05). Discussion and conclusion. The findings of this study highlighting the importance of developing self-efficacy in young people in order to promote well-being despite facing a challenging situation.
{"title":"Self-efficacy and well-being of youth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia","authors":"Tience Debora Valentina, Firmanto Adi Nurcahyo, Dewi Puri Astiti","doi":"10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of young people has attracted the concerned of many parties. Self-efficacy, an individual’s belief to cope with various situations, is believed to have a relationship with individual’s psychological well-being. Objective. To explore the relationship between self-efficacy and well-being of young people in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. A cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of high schools and universities students in Indonesia. The number of participants were 365 young people aged 15-23 years (M = 18.57; SD = 1.95). They were asked to complete the Self-efficacy Scale and the Flourishing Scale in the form of an online survey. Results. There is a positive correlation between self-efficacy and well-being (r = .547, p () .01) with the contribution percentage of 33.5%. The two-way ANOVA resulted there was an effect of education level on wellbeing (F = 12.956, p () .05), while there was no gender effect on wellbeing (F = .006, p #cer# .05). Discussion and conclusion. The findings of this study highlighting the importance of developing self-efficacy in young people in order to promote well-being despite facing a challenging situation.","PeriodicalId":46510,"journal":{"name":"Salud Mental","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72408923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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