Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p426
Vyara Kyurova, Blagovesta Koyundzhiyska-Davidkova
Social entrepreneurship is an important source of economic growth and a driver of the social economy. An important condition for its development and the creation of a business in this sphere is the participation of the individual in social initiatives. Summarizing the scientific ideas shows that the issue of social entrepreneurship is relatively well understood, while that of social initiatives is very poorly addressed. Considering this fact, the authors seek to obtain more information regarding the essence of social initiatives and the readiness of students to participate in its. The aim of the present study is to determine the desire and opportunities among students for their involvement in social initiatives and their attitudes towards starting a social entrepreneurial business. To achieve the goal, students from Bulgarian higher education institutions were surveyed using the respondent method. The application of this method is appropriate because of its adequacy in terms of the specificity of both the subjects studied and the data to be obtained. The survey used in the study contains close-ended questions aimed at ascertaining students' participation in social initiatives, as well as their views on starting a social entrepreneurial business. The findings of the study show that there are certain problems related to the organization of social initiatives and in terms of starting a social entrepreneurial business. A significant result of the study is that the enabling environment for the development of social entrepreneurship significantly influences the possibility of creating student social initiatives at the university. The study can be used as a model for analysis of the relationship between social entrepreneurship and students’ social initiatives.
Keywords: social entrepreneurship, social initiatives, students, Bulgaria
{"title":"Students’ Social Initiatives as A Prerequisite for Sustainable Development of Social Entrepreneurship: A Case Study in Bulgaria","authors":"Vyara Kyurova, Blagovesta Koyundzhiyska-Davidkova","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p426","url":null,"abstract":"Social entrepreneurship is an important source of economic growth and a driver of the social economy. An important condition for its development and the creation of a business in this sphere is the participation of the individual in social initiatives. Summarizing the scientific ideas shows that the issue of social entrepreneurship is relatively well understood, while that of social initiatives is very poorly addressed. Considering this fact, the authors seek to obtain more information regarding the essence of social initiatives and the readiness of students to participate in its. The aim of the present study is to determine the desire and opportunities among students for their involvement in social initiatives and their attitudes towards starting a social entrepreneurial business. To achieve the goal, students from Bulgarian higher education institutions were surveyed using the respondent method. The application of this method is appropriate because of its adequacy in terms of the specificity of both the subjects studied and the data to be obtained. The survey used in the study contains close-ended questions aimed at ascertaining students' participation in social initiatives, as well as their views on starting a social entrepreneurial business. The findings of the study show that there are certain problems related to the organization of social initiatives and in terms of starting a social entrepreneurial business. A significant result of the study is that the enabling environment for the development of social entrepreneurship significantly influences the possibility of creating student social initiatives at the university. The study can be used as a model for analysis of the relationship between social entrepreneurship and students’ social initiatives.
 Keywords: social entrepreneurship, social initiatives, students, Bulgaria
","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135459079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p40
João Pratas, Susana Garrido, Carina Pimentel
Large cities are widely recognized as major contributors to climate change due to their high energy demand and heavy reliance on on-road transportation. Urban mobility today brings additional concerns about predicted demands arising from people's necessities of living in cities and their respective needs to travel in different forms, either for personal or professional purposes. This study based on a literature review and case studies analysis proposes a framework to support the implementation of Sustainable Inland Waterway Transportation Systems as an alternative to road transport. The proposed framework is tested in São Paulo City (Brazil). In the implementation of a sustainable inland waterway transportation system, the following factors were identified as strategic: user characteristics and behaviour, operators’ characteristics and behaviour, investment in infrastructures, regulation and taxation, and Government. Infrastructure and strategic planning are areas that deserve further investigation. Research could focus on developing strategies for efficient routing, taking into account various potential limitations, water navigability, vessel capacity, traffic management, and transshipment locations. Intermodality between different transport modes is a crucial area that needs to be addressed to ensure full integration into the multimodal network. Investigating connectivity and information sharing systems between modes would enhance the overall efficiency and attractiveness of waterway transportation in the city's ecosystem.
Keywords: transportation, waterway, framework, sustainability, case studies.
{"title":"Sustainable Inland Waterway Transportation Systems: Framework Proposal","authors":"João Pratas, Susana Garrido, Carina Pimentel","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p40","url":null,"abstract":"Large cities are widely recognized as major contributors to climate change due to their high energy demand and heavy reliance on on-road transportation. Urban mobility today brings additional concerns about predicted demands arising from people's necessities of living in cities and their respective needs to travel in different forms, either for personal or professional purposes. This study based on a literature review and case studies analysis proposes a framework to support the implementation of Sustainable Inland Waterway Transportation Systems as an alternative to road transport. The proposed framework is tested in São Paulo City (Brazil). In the implementation of a sustainable inland waterway transportation system, the following factors were identified as strategic: user characteristics and behaviour, operators’ characteristics and behaviour, investment in infrastructures, regulation and taxation, and Government. Infrastructure and strategic planning are areas that deserve further investigation. Research could focus on developing strategies for efficient routing, taking into account various potential limitations, water navigability, vessel capacity, traffic management, and transshipment locations. Intermodality between different transport modes is a crucial area that needs to be addressed to ensure full integration into the multimodal network. Investigating connectivity and information sharing systems between modes would enhance the overall efficiency and attractiveness of waterway transportation in the city's ecosystem.
 Keywords: transportation, waterway, framework, sustainability, case studies.","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135459102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p497
Elida Liko, Ledjon Shahini
This paper analyses the role of tax policies in supporting economic growth, based on the dynamic panel data model, for twenty-four Eastern European and Asian countries, divided in EU countries and non-EU countries, for the period from 2008 to 2022. Both, global financial crisis and Covid -19 Pandemic, imposed challenges for optimal tax policies that countries applied. The paper examines the main tax policies changes undertaken to support economic activity and estimates the expected effect on growth.
The study has found evidence of a positive effect of total taxes and indirect taxes on economic growth, strong and significant. Our results do not support the theory that direct taxes are harmful to growth. The impact of direct taxes is positive bot not statistically significant in most of the estimated regressions.
Keywords: Tax structure, sustainable development, panel data
{"title":"The Role of Tax Policies in Sustainable Economic Growth. Evidence From Dynamic Panel Data Analysis","authors":"Elida Liko, Ledjon Shahini","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p497","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the role of tax policies in supporting economic growth, based on the dynamic panel data model, for twenty-four Eastern European and Asian countries, divided in EU countries and non-EU countries, for the period from 2008 to 2022. Both, global financial crisis and Covid -19 Pandemic, imposed challenges for optimal tax policies that countries applied. The paper examines the main tax policies changes undertaken to support economic activity and estimates the expected effect on growth.
 The study has found evidence of a positive effect of total taxes and indirect taxes on economic growth, strong and significant. Our results do not support the theory that direct taxes are harmful to growth. The impact of direct taxes is positive bot not statistically significant in most of the estimated regressions.
 Keywords: Tax structure, sustainable development, panel data","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135459663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p574
Kateryna Apanasenko
It is proven in the article that the mechanism for ensuring the sustainable economic development is based, among other things, on the need to reasonably limit the economic activity, which simultaneously forms the legal economic order in the state and protect the human right to life. The ECtHR also contributes to this mechanism functioning through the analysis of the states’ compliance with the positive obligations under Article 2 of the ECHR in cases when the Court diagnoses the nature and effectiveness of the measures taken (to be taken) by the states to secure and protect the human right to life.
As it was found the adoption of the restrictive regulatory measures in the business sphere is a positive duty of the states to ensure the human right to life. The states must establish these measures, ensure their proper implementation and necessary supervision of the implementation. The importance of the ECtHR legal positions in the mechanism for ensuring sustainable development lies in the fact that they a fairly clear pointer to the regulatory policy of the national governments. The author individually focused on the study of the relevant ECtHR positions concerning specific areas of the construction and medical activities.
Key words: legal economic order, business restrictions, sustainable development, the case-law of the ECtHR, human right to life, Article 2 of the ECHR, construction activity.
{"title":"Jurisprudence of the ECtHR under Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Legal Economic Order","authors":"Kateryna Apanasenko","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p574","url":null,"abstract":"It is proven in the article that the mechanism for ensuring the sustainable economic development is based, among other things, on the need to reasonably limit the economic activity, which simultaneously forms the legal economic order in the state and protect the human right to life. The ECtHR also contributes to this mechanism functioning through the analysis of the states’ compliance with the positive obligations under Article 2 of the ECHR in cases when the Court diagnoses the nature and effectiveness of the measures taken (to be taken) by the states to secure and protect the human right to life.
 As it was found the adoption of the restrictive regulatory measures in the business sphere is a positive duty of the states to ensure the human right to life. The states must establish these measures, ensure their proper implementation and necessary supervision of the implementation. The importance of the ECtHR legal positions in the mechanism for ensuring sustainable development lies in the fact that they a fairly clear pointer to the regulatory policy of the national governments. The author individually focused on the study of the relevant ECtHR positions concerning specific areas of the construction and medical activities. 
 Key words: legal economic order, business restrictions, sustainable development, the case-law of the ECtHR, human right to life, Article 2 of the ECHR, construction activity.","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135606086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p119
Uros Breskvar
We associate modern man with a sustainable way of life. The very concept of sustainability is closely linked to the energy we need for our lives. The amount of energy is limited by planet Earth itself and by technology for transformation/capturing energy. Man has always strived to have as much energy as possible, as it significantly affects the quality of life. With a population growth and slowly decreasing reserves of fossil fuels, it is increasingly important to make the most of a given energy and move to clean energy sources. The article conducted research on how well young people know the basic energy values for everyday needs and how familiar they are with current technologies that enable better use of energy. According to the results of the research, suggestions are made for improving general energy literacy among young people.
Keywords: energy, sustainable competences, education, knowledge examination
{"title":"School for Sustainable Living: Assessing the Energy Related Topics Among Young People","authors":"Uros Breskvar","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p119","url":null,"abstract":"We associate modern man with a sustainable way of life. The very concept of sustainability is closely linked to the energy we need for our lives. The amount of energy is limited by planet Earth itself and by technology for transformation/capturing energy. Man has always strived to have as much energy as possible, as it significantly affects the quality of life. With a population growth and slowly decreasing reserves of fossil fuels, it is increasingly important to make the most of a given energy and move to clean energy sources. The article conducted research on how well young people know the basic energy values for everyday needs and how familiar they are with current technologies that enable better use of energy. According to the results of the research, suggestions are made for improving general energy literacy among young people.
 Keywords: energy, sustainable competences, education, knowledge examination","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p91
Adel A. Zadeh, Yunxin Peng, Sheila M. Puffer
The global sand crisis has gained considerable attention among environmentalists over the last few years, and the United Nations has proposed some initiatives to reduce the use of river sand. Despite the existence of a number of promising sustainable alternatives to alluvial sand, there has been little effort to implement those initiatives in the construction industry. This paper attempts to develop a better understanding of barriers and challenges related to the adoption of sustainable substitutes for sand in the construction industry. An online survey designed by the authors was distributed among construction industry professionals located in 35 US states and 7 Canadian provinces. The findings from 344 respondents show that different stakeholders in construction have different priorities and concerns when it comes to sustainable sand substitutes, with some focusing more on the technical and practical aspects, while others focus more on the long-term and environmental aspects.
Keywords: : Construction industry, sand crisis, barriers, awareness, sand substitutes
{"title":"Sustainability in a Sand-Depleted World: Identifying Barriers to Adoption of Sand Substitutes","authors":"Adel A. Zadeh, Yunxin Peng, Sheila M. Puffer","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p91","url":null,"abstract":"The global sand crisis has gained considerable attention among environmentalists over the last few years, and the United Nations has proposed some initiatives to reduce the use of river sand. Despite the existence of a number of promising sustainable alternatives to alluvial sand, there has been little effort to implement those initiatives in the construction industry. This paper attempts to develop a better understanding of barriers and challenges related to the adoption of sustainable substitutes for sand in the construction industry. An online survey designed by the authors was distributed among construction industry professionals located in 35 US states and 7 Canadian provinces. The findings from 344 respondents show that different stakeholders in construction have different priorities and concerns when it comes to sustainable sand substitutes, with some focusing more on the technical and practical aspects, while others focus more on the long-term and environmental aspects.
 Keywords: : Construction industry, sand crisis, barriers, awareness, sand substitutes","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p163
Seongju Chang, Hyunjae Nam
Different social groups normally have specific sets of requirements and priorities in relation to their surrounding living environment. In our research, we conducted an extensive survey on the preferred conditions and demands for four different domains of daily life: healthcare, environment, activity, and information. Carefully composed sets of questionnaires were distributed to 800 people representing diversified social groups in South Korea classified by gender, age, occupation, co-residents, home location, housing style, economic level, and chronic disease. Their responses were collected and analyzed through cross-tabulation to identify characteristic preference patterns concerning their immediate housing unit, residential cluster, and close neighborhood environment and services. Based on the extracted socio-environmental preferences of the different social groups in South Korea, we developed a web-based information system called AALPSS (Ambient Assisted Living Pattern Support System), which includes a total of 100 selected healthcare-sensitive system/service patterns to support the optimum design and operation of artifacts and facilitate the promotion of a healthy silver life. Each pattern is organized based on Christopher Alexander's 'Pattern Language' format and can be browsed and rated by different online users with diverse social profiles. This information system, therefore, has the potential to evolve into a better-tuned healthcare-related system/service decision support system, enhancing social sustainability within a community.
Keywords: social group, ambient assisted living, preferred life pattern, healthcare sensitive environment, online information system
{"title":"Exploration of Healthcare Sensitive Systems and Services for Supporting Ambient Assisted Living of Diversified Social Groups in South Korea","authors":"Seongju Chang, Hyunjae Nam","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p163","url":null,"abstract":"Different social groups normally have specific sets of requirements and priorities in relation to their surrounding living environment. In our research, we conducted an extensive survey on the preferred conditions and demands for four different domains of daily life: healthcare, environment, activity, and information. Carefully composed sets of questionnaires were distributed to 800 people representing diversified social groups in South Korea classified by gender, age, occupation, co-residents, home location, housing style, economic level, and chronic disease. Their responses were collected and analyzed through cross-tabulation to identify characteristic preference patterns concerning their immediate housing unit, residential cluster, and close neighborhood environment and services. Based on the extracted socio-environmental preferences of the different social groups in South Korea, we developed a web-based information system called AALPSS (Ambient Assisted Living Pattern Support System), which includes a total of 100 selected healthcare-sensitive system/service patterns to support the optimum design and operation of artifacts and facilitate the promotion of a healthy silver life. Each pattern is organized based on Christopher Alexander's 'Pattern Language' format and can be browsed and rated by different online users with diverse social profiles. This information system, therefore, has the potential to evolve into a better-tuned healthcare-related system/service decision support system, enhancing social sustainability within a community.
 Keywords: social group, ambient assisted living, preferred life pattern, healthcare sensitive environment, online information system","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p131
Chunya Wu
To reduce energy consumption while meeting the indoor thermal comfort requirements of residential buildings, this survey study explores the visual-thermal cross-modal effect of public green space window view on residents’ indoor thermal perception, and how this effect regulates residents’ environment control behavior. Based on an online questionnaire, 424 valid data were collected from Shanghai residents during the lockdown period during which the window view is the only accessible connection to the outside. The result shows that public green space views, while not significantly changing the physical thermal sensation of residents, made a greater proportion of participants feel thermal neutral, and significantly improved the participants' environmental evaluation, thermal comfort, and thermal acceptance, resulting in a 7% decrease in using air conditioning and 7% increase in natural ventilation. Path analysis reveals that public green space window view can improve indoor thermal comfort by enhancing subjective environmental evaluation, and thus encourage passive environmental regulation behavior, reducing energy consumption. Complementing previous studies, this research provides direct evidence for the energy-saving potential of public green space in residential areas from a different angle.
Keywords: Visual-thermal interaction; cross-modal perception; Environment control behavior; Environmental psychology;
Sustainable design
{"title":"The Impact of Public Green Space Views on Indoor Thermal Perception and Environment Control Behavior of Residents - A Survey Study in Shanghai","authors":"Chunya Wu","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p131","url":null,"abstract":"To reduce energy consumption while meeting the indoor thermal comfort requirements of residential buildings, this survey study explores the visual-thermal cross-modal effect of public green space window view on residents’ indoor thermal perception, and how this effect regulates residents’ environment control behavior. Based on an online questionnaire, 424 valid data were collected from Shanghai residents during the lockdown period during which the window view is the only accessible connection to the outside. The result shows that public green space views, while not significantly changing the physical thermal sensation of residents, made a greater proportion of participants feel thermal neutral, and significantly improved the participants' environmental evaluation, thermal comfort, and thermal acceptance, resulting in a 7% decrease in using air conditioning and 7% increase in natural ventilation. Path analysis reveals that public green space window view can improve indoor thermal comfort by enhancing subjective environmental evaluation, and thus encourage passive environmental regulation behavior, reducing energy consumption. Complementing previous studies, this research provides direct evidence for the energy-saving potential of public green space in residential areas from a different angle.
 Keywords: Visual-thermal interaction; cross-modal perception; Environment control behavior; Environmental psychology;
 Sustainable design","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p119
Åsa Devine, Michaela Sandell
All organizations are unique, not least considering when and how certain sustainable business practices are initiated and managed. Organizations therefore need an instrument that is possible to adapt to allow for monitoring sustainability progress. In the Sustainable Business Model (SBM) framework, developed by the authors, the sustainability activities of stakeholders connected to the organization are coded into a matrix formed of sustainability archetypes and value dimensions. The purpose of this paper is to describe how the SBM framework can be adapted and used for depicting sustainability activities and values annually and over time. In the example used to demonstrate the application of the framework an extra archetype had to be added, which resulted in a modification of the model. By analyzing the adapted and applied matrix, not only which archetypes have the most activity can be seen, but also which stakeholders are involved in initiating, delivering, and capturing of value. The contribution of the paper is to show the applicability and versatility of the developed SBM framework when used in practice.
Keywords: Sustainable Business Model (SBM) Framework, Sustainability Activities, Sustainability Archetypes, Value Initiation, Value Delivery, Value Capture, Practical application.
{"title":"Application of the Sustainable Business Model Framework: Evidence from a Multinational Company.","authors":"Åsa Devine, Michaela Sandell","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p119","url":null,"abstract":"All organizations are unique, not least considering when and how certain sustainable business practices are initiated and managed. Organizations therefore need an instrument that is possible to adapt to allow for monitoring sustainability progress. In the Sustainable Business Model (SBM) framework, developed by the authors, the sustainability activities of stakeholders connected to the organization are coded into a matrix formed of sustainability archetypes and value dimensions. The purpose of this paper is to describe how the SBM framework can be adapted and used for depicting sustainability activities and values annually and over time. In the example used to demonstrate the application of the framework an extra archetype had to be added, which resulted in a modification of the model. By analyzing the adapted and applied matrix, not only which archetypes have the most activity can be seen, but also which stakeholders are involved in initiating, delivering, and capturing of value. The contribution of the paper is to show the applicability and versatility of the developed SBM framework when used in practice.
 Keywords: Sustainable Business Model (SBM) Framework, Sustainability Activities, Sustainability Archetypes, Value Initiation, Value Delivery, Value Capture, Practical application.","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p217
Ana Maria Calin, Oana Iacob Pargaru, Dragos Raducan, Ovidiu Andrei Cristian Buzoianu
This paper presents non-performing loans granted to individuals as well as methods of prevention and recovery. This risk of non-repayment is recorded when the debtor cannot honor his due obligations to the bank in time according to the credit agreement. The objectives of the homework are to understand the credit system of natural persons, to know and carefully analyze the client's file with the aim of making or not the credit decision and finally granting the loan. Credit restructuring is an essential method in counteracting the appearance of non-performing loans, which aims to support a bank's customers, so that they can deal with financial impasse situations that have temporarily arisen in the various stages of the development of credit contracts. The process of periodic verification of the contract with the borrower, the guarantees offered, including visits to the place where the client operates are essential factors in order to prevent the risk of default. Loans approved for borrowers who, during the course of the lending period, experience a worsening economic-financial situation are called non-performing loans, that is, they can no longer meet the terms of repayment of the loan, nor can they cover the interest expense and related commissions.
Key words: bank, COVID-19, credit, loans
{"title":"Determinants of the Probability of Non-repayment of Loans Granted to Individuals","authors":"Ana Maria Calin, Oana Iacob Pargaru, Dragos Raducan, Ovidiu Andrei Cristian Buzoianu","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p217","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents non-performing loans granted to individuals as well as methods of prevention and recovery. This risk of non-repayment is recorded when the debtor cannot honor his due obligations to the bank in time according to the credit agreement. The objectives of the homework are to understand the credit system of natural persons, to know and carefully analyze the client's file with the aim of making or not the credit decision and finally granting the loan. Credit restructuring is an essential method in counteracting the appearance of non-performing loans, which aims to support a bank's customers, so that they can deal with financial impasse situations that have temporarily arisen in the various stages of the development of credit contracts. The process of periodic verification of the contract with the borrower, the guarantees offered, including visits to the place where the client operates are essential factors in order to prevent the risk of default. Loans approved for borrowers who, during the course of the lending period, experience a worsening economic-financial situation are called non-performing loans, that is, they can no longer meet the terms of repayment of the loan, nor can they cover the interest expense and related commissions.
 Key words: bank, COVID-19, credit, loans","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135409071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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