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Strike Fear in the Land: Pedro de Alvarado and the Conquest of Guatemala, 1520–1541 by W. George Lovell, Christopher H. Lutz, and Wendy Kramer (review) Strike Fear in the Land:W. George Lovell、Christopher H. Lutz 和 Wendy Kramer 合著的《Pedro de Alvarado and the Conquest of Guatemala, 1520-1541 》(评论)
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/lag.2023.a909097
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引用次数: 0
Distortion and Subversion: Punk Rock Music and the Protests for Free Public Transportation in Brazil (1996–2011) by Rodrigo Lopes de Barros (review) 扭曲与颠覆:Rodrigo Lopes de Barros 著的《朋克摇滚音乐与巴西免费公共交通抗议活动(1996-2011 年)》(评论)
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/lag.2023.a909100
Alessandro Dozena
Cities are, by their essence, places of movement. Even if in some cases this is not visually perceptible, they pulsate with the desire for change, typically expressed by the impetus of youth. In the case of Brazil, young people have been shaking up the official state structures and the musical scenes in cities of different regions for some time. As an important element of convergence, we have the movement of these young people
城市的本质是运动的场所。即使在某些情况下,人们无法直观地感受到这一点,但城市却充满了变革的渴望,这种渴望通常由年轻人的推动力表现出来。在巴西,一段时间以来,年轻人一直在撼动国家的官方结构和不同地区城市的音乐场景。作为融合的一个重要因素,我们看到了这些年轻人的运动
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引用次数: 0
Latin American Detectives Against Power: Individualism, the State, and Failure in Crime Fiction by Fabricio Tocco (review) 拉丁美洲侦探对抗权力:犯罪小说中的个人主义、国家和失败》,作者 Fabricio Tocco(评论)
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/lag.2023.a909096
Dave McLaughlin
countryside was shattered twice—first by the murder of three-year old Francis Kent; second by Inspector Jonathan Whicher’s correct identification of middle-class Constance Kent as her half-brother’s murderer. This brutal episode, in which the local bourgeoisie refused to accept that one of their own could be a murderer, arguably set a cultural tone in English policing for the rest of the nineteenth century—if not in fact, then certainly in fiction. In contemporary cultural representations of crime and policing—including the most famous literary sleuths of the so-called Golden Era, such as Sherlock Holmes, Hercule Poirot, and even Philip Marlowe—the official police are invariably a last port of call, while the middle classes remain suspicious of detectives like the real-life Inspector Whicher and look after their own. In Latin American Detectives Against Power, Fabricio Tocco agrees that detective fiction has its roots in these Anglo-AmeriReferences Bens, J. (2020). The Indigenous paradox: Rights, sovereignty, and culture in the Americas. University of Pennsylvania Press.
三岁的弗朗西斯-肯特(Francis Kent)被谋杀,乔纳森-威彻(Jonathan Whicher)探长正确指认中产阶级康斯坦丝-肯特(Constance Kent)是杀害她同父异母兄弟的凶手,这两件事两次打破了英国乡村的平静。在这一残酷的事件中,当地的资产阶级拒绝接受自己人可能是凶手的事实,这可以说为 19 世纪余下的英国警务工作定下了文化基调--即使不是在事实上,也肯定是在小说中。在当代关于犯罪和警察的文化表述中--包括所谓黄金时代最著名的文学侦探,如夏洛克-福尔摩斯、赫尔克里-波洛,甚至菲利普-马洛--官方警察总是最后的避难所,而中产阶级则对像现实中的惠舍探长这样的侦探保持怀疑,并照顾他们自己的人。法布里西奥-托科(Fabricio Tocco)在《拉丁美洲反权力侦探》(Latin American Detectives Against Power)一书中也认为,侦探小说源于这些英美文学。The Indigenous paradox: Rights, sovereignty, and culture in the Americas.宾夕法尼亚大学出版社。
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引用次数: 0
Más que Una Porción: Framing the Persistence of Land Inequality on the Urbanizing Texas-Tamaulipas Border through Shifting Resources and the Colonial Cadaster Más que Una Porción:通过资源转移和殖民地地籍图,界定得克萨斯州-塔毛利帕斯州边境城市化进程中土地不平等现象的长期存在
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/lag.2023.a909085
Andrew Hilburn, Alison Hadley
abstract:Land inequality is often related to poverty, economic underdevelopment, and the persistence of (neo)extractivist economies in Latin America. This issue is often examined in rural contexts. This study examines land inequality in Laredo, Texas, a city of more than 250,000 residents on the U.S.-Mexico border. Using cadastral records and geospatial inquiry to construct Gini indices for infill and city-limit-adjacent land, the analysis empirically tests land inequality using criteria developed by previous research. Using both acreage and market value, results point to Gini indices approaching 1, indicating extreme land concentration for developable land in and adjacent to the city of Laredo. Here, land inequality is interpreted through the lens of resource geographies in order to explain its persistence. In urban contexts, land serves as a real estate commodity that provides the spatial setting for commerce, industry, and transportation. We argue that Laredo's potential elite capture of the land resource has persisted, while the extractivist land resource definition has changed over time. Differential tax assessment, mineral wealth, historical platting, and burgeoning resource markets work to maintain large landholdings in south Texas. This study frames land inequality as resource inequality and as a legacy of the colonial cadaster and extractivist regimes. Additionally, it places this issue in an urban and Global North context.resumen:La desigualdad en la tenencia de la tierra a menudo se relaciona con la persistencia de la pobreza, el subdesarrollo económico y las economías (neo)extractivistas en América Latina. Estos análisis, generalmente, se examinan en contextos rurales. El presente estudio investiga la existencia de la desigualdad en la tenencia de tierras en Laredo, Texas, una ciudad fronteriza de más de 250.000 habitantes. A partir de datos catastrales y análisis geoespacial para construir índices Gini para terrenos adentro y adyacentes a los límites de la ciudad, el análisis evalúa, empíricamente, la desigualdad en la tenencia de tierras utilizando criterios desarrollados por otros estudios. Analizando la superficie tanto como su valor comercial, los resultados apuntan a índices Gini que se aproximan a 1, lo que indica una concentración extrema de terrenos aptos para el desarrollo en la ciudad de Laredo y sus alrededores. Aquí, la desigualdad en la tenencia de tierra se interpreta a través del lente de la geografía de los recursos para explicar su persistencia. En contextos urbanos, la tierra sirve como un bien inmobiliario que proporciona el entorno espacial para el comercio, la industria y el transporte. Declaramos que la potencial captura de la tierra por parte de la élite laredense ha persistido, mientras que la definición del recurso de tierra para la extracción ha cambiado con el tiempo. El rol de impuestos diferenciales, la riqueza petrolera y la planificación colonial sirven para mantener grandes propiedades en Laredo y sus
摘要:土地不平等往往与拉丁美洲的贫困、经济欠发达和(新)采掘主义经济的持续存在有关。这一问题通常在农村地区进行研究。本研究探讨了德克萨斯州拉雷多市的土地不平等问题,该市位于美国和墨西哥边境,拥有超过 25 万居民。通过使用地籍记录和地理空间调查来构建填充土地和城市限界邻近土地的基尼指数,该分析使用先前研究制定的标准对土地不平等现象进行了实证检验。利用耕地面积和市场价值,结果显示基尼指数接近 1,表明拉雷多市及其邻近地区的可开发土地极为集中。在此,我们将从资源地理学的角度来解释土地不平等现象,以解释其持续存在的原因。在城市环境中,土地作为一种房地产商品,为商业、工业和交通提供了空间环境。我们认为,拉雷多潜在的精英攫取土地资源的现象一直存在,而采掘主义的土地资源定义随着时间的推移发生了变化。差异化的税收评估、矿产资源、历史上的地块划分以及蓬勃发展的资源市场共同作用,维持了得克萨斯州南部的大片土地。本研究将土地不平等归结为资源不平等,是殖民地地籍制度和采掘业制度的遗留问题。摘要:土地保有权的不平等往往与拉丁美洲持续存在的贫困、经济欠发达和(新)采掘主义经济有关。这些分析通常是在农村背景下进行的。本研究调查了德克萨斯州拉雷多(一个拥有超过 25 万居民的边境城市)存在的土地保有权不平等现象。通过使用地籍数据和地理空间分析来构建城市范围内和邻近土地的基尼指数,该分析使用其他研究制定的标准对土地保有权不平等进行了实证评估。通过分析土地面积和商业价值,结果显示基尼指数接近 1,表明拉雷多市及其周边地区适合开发的土地极为集中。在此,我们通过资源地理学的视角来解释土地使用权的不平等,从而解释其持续存在的原因。在城市环境中,土地作为一种不动产资产,为商业、工业和交通提供了空间环境。我们认为,拉雷多精英对土地的潜在攫取一直存在,而用于开采的土地资源的定义随着时间的推移发生了变化。差别税收、石油财富和殖民规划的作用有助于维持拉雷多及其周边地区的大片土地。本研究将土地保有权的不平等归结为资源的不平等。我们的研究还通过采掘业和殖民地籍的遗留问题来界定这一问题。此外,本研究还将这一问题置于城市和全球北方的背景之下。
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引用次数: 0
Children Crossing Borders: Latin American Migrant Childhoods ed. by Alejandra J. Josiowicz and Irasema Coronado (review) 跨越国界的儿童:Alejandra J. Josiowicz 和 Irasema Coronado 编著的《拉丁美洲移民的童年》(评论)
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/lag.2023.a909094
Jorge Zapata
than enough material in the commission’s U.S. archive, other Mexican and U.S. government sources, news accounts, personal papers and letters, and memoirs. Rath even unearths the lyrics of various corridos, or folk ballads, that subverted and satirized the aftosa campaign. By the end of the book, Rath acknowledges the challenge of making sense of a story with such “bizarre” and “weird” notes (p. 219). Eager to reject master narratives, Rath’s story centers contingency over a coherent plot— which is fine, considering this is history, not a movie (although it would also make for a terrific film). Nevertheless, The Dread Plague and the Cow Killers offers many new and convincing insights. Popular protests against the aftosa campaign were at once deeply rooted in Mexican political conditions, as “localized, cross-class movements that aimed to resist intrusive, illegitimate interference from the central government” (p. 125), while also typifying contemporary “struggles over rural modernization around the world” (p. 126). The aftosa crisis demonstrated that the PRI’s corporatist grip on Mexican society was far from complete, as CMAEFA relied much more on “localized arrangements” with “caciques, cattlemen, communities, governors, generals, teachers, and, not least, priests,” to minimize conflict and carry out its work (p. 156). And rather than being steamrolled by the hegemony of U.S. techno-scientific modernization schemes, Mexican actors produced their own version of culturally acceptable modernity through dispute, negotiation, and engagement with international expertise.
该委员会的美国档案、墨西哥和美国政府的其他资料、新闻报道、个人文件和信件以及回忆录中都有足够的材料。拉特甚至还发掘出了各种歌谣(即民谣)的歌词,这些歌谣颠覆并讽刺了阿夫托萨运动。在书的结尾,Rath 承认了如何理解一个有着如此 "离奇 "和 "怪异 "注解的故事所面临的挑战(第 219 页)。由于急于摒弃主叙事,拉斯的故事将偶然性置于连贯的情节之上--考虑到这是一部历史,而不是一部电影(尽管它也可以拍成一部非常棒的电影),这也没什么不好。尽管如此,《可怕的瘟疫与杀牛人》还是提供了许多令人信服的新见解。民众对阿夫托萨运动的抗议既植根于墨西哥的政治环境,是 "旨在抵制中央政府非法干预的地方性跨阶级运动"(第 125 页),同时也是当代 "世界各地农村现代化斗争 "的典型(第 126 页)。阿夫托萨危机表明,PRI 对墨西哥社会的公司化控制远未完成,因为 CMAEFA 更多地是依靠与 "庄园主、养牛人、社区、州长、将军、教师以及牧师 "的 "本地化安排 "来减少冲突和开展工作(第 156 页)。墨西哥的行动者们并没有被美国技术科学现代化计划的霸权所压制,而是通过争议、谈判和与国际专家的接触,创造了他们自己的文化上可接受的现代化版本。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of International Retirement Migration on Indigenous Communities: Empirical Insights from Cotacachi, Ecuador 国际退休移民对土著社区的影响:厄瓜多尔科塔卡奇的经验启示
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/lag.2023.a909087
Marcelo Crespo, Alexander Follmann, Carsten Butsch, Peter Dannenberg
abstract:International retirement migration (IRM) is known to be an important factor for regional economic development in some low-and middle-income countries. However, IRM's effects on land prices and real estate markets, especially housing, are controversial. Using the case study of the Andean city of Cotacachi, Ecuador, this paper discusses the economic and socio-spatial effects of IRM-related construction of comparatively high-priced retirement homes on indigenous communities' access to land and housing prices in the urban area. Based on the analysis and collection of quantitative and qualitative data, the paper identifies that IRM-related foreign investments result in increased prices of (agricultural) land and urban housing. This especially affects indigenous communities as they are historically marginalized in access to land. To understand the IRM-related effects, we contextualize and discuss these in light of the historical control of land by landowning élites. Our data show that recent IRM-oriented real estate development—paired with highly uneven postcolonial distribution of land—has unequal socio-spatial effects: land-rich élites benefit from selling land to both local and foreign investors, while landless and land-poor indigenous communities face increasing difficulty in accessing land for agriculture.resumen:La migración internacional de jubilados (MIJ) es conocida como un factor importante para el desarrollo económico regional en algunos países. Sin embargo, sus efectos sobre los precios del suelo y los mercados inmobiliarios son controversiales. A partir de un estudio en la ciudad de Cotacachi, Ecuador, este artículo analiza los efectos económicos y socio-espaciales de la construcción de viviendas de alto valor para jubilados extranjeros, en relación con el acceso a la tierra en las comunidades indígenas y el precio de la vivienda. El artículo identifica que las inversiones extranjeras relacionadas con la MIJ provocan un aumento en los precios de la tierra y la vivienda urbana. Esto, a su vez, afecta especialmente a las comunidades indígenas. Con el fin de entender los efectos relacionados con la MIJ, discutimos los mismos, a la luz del control histórico de la tierra por parte de las élites terratenientes. Nuestros datos reflejan que el desarrollo inmobiliario relacionado con la MIJ junto con la distribución postcolonial de la tierra tiene efectos socio-espaciales desiguales: las grandes élites terratenientes se benefician de la venta de tierras, mientras que las comunidades indígenas (sin) o pobres en tierras enfrentan grandes dificultades para continuar con la agricultura.
摘要:众所周知,国际退休移民(IRM)是一些中低收入国家地区经济发展的重要因素。然而,国际退休移民对土地价格和房地产市场(尤其是住房)的影响却存在争议。本文以厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉城市科塔卡奇为案例,讨论了与 IRM 相关的高价养老院建设对土著社区获得土地和城市住房价格的经济和社会空间影响。根据对定量和定性数据的分析和收集,本文指出,与 IRM 相关的外国投资导致了(农业)土地和城市住房价格的上涨。这尤其影响到原住民社区,因为他们在获取土地方面历来被边缘化。为了理解与 IRM 相关的影响,我们结合历史上土地所有者精英对土地的控制进行了分析和讨论。我们的数据显示,近期以国际退休人员移民为导向的房地产开发--与殖民后土地分配极不均衡的情况相匹配--产生了不平等的社会空间效应:土地资源丰富的精英阶层从向本地和外国投资者出售土地中获益,而没有土地和土地资源贫乏的原住民社区在获得农业用地方面面临越来越大的困难。然而,它对土地价格和房地产市场的影响却存在争议。本文以厄瓜多尔科塔卡奇市的一项研究为基础,分析了为外国退休人员建造高价值住房对经济和社会空间的影响,以及对土著社区土地使用权和住房价格的影响。文章指出,与 "MIJ "相关的外国投资导致了土地和城市住房价格的上涨。这反过来又特别影响到土著社区。为了理解与 "军事工业化协定 "相关的影响,我们结合历史上土地精英对土地的控制进行了讨论。我们的数据显示,与 "军事工业改革 "相关的土地开发以及后殖民时期的土地分配产生了不平等的社会空间影响:大地主精英从土地出售中获益,而(无地的)土著或土地贫瘠社区则面临着继续耕作的巨大困难。
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引用次数: 0
A World Without Hunger: Josué de Castro and the History of Geography by Archie Davies (review) 一个没有饥饿的世界:阿奇-戴维斯所著的《约苏埃-德-卡斯特罗与地理学史》(评论)
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/lag.2023.a909101
Márcia Siqueira de Carvalho
be transformed into different kinds of places when they are appropriated for performance, as in the case of punk/hardcore bands. When this happens, the streets are “punkerized” by performances, subversions, behaviors, musicality, and ways of being in space. This transforms the functional territories of the streets into places—and here the arts in cities emerge as power, as escape valves, as everyday playfulness in and with the city. For people from the peripheries of Brazilian cities, who live in quebradas or favelas, it is very common for the street to be the extension of the house, not least because the houses are small spaces, usually with many inhabitants. In other words, life takes place at home and on the street. Going into the streets also becomes a matter of survival, as with the jobs of many young punk/hardcore fans who work making deliveries. The book sheds light on the different musical scenes that are part of contemporary Brazilian reality, pointing out challenges and contradictions that have yet to be overcome. This understanding of other dimensions goes beyond tourism and heritage in the four cities in this study. The author’s thesis serves as ammunition for the fight against injustice in cities, which is characterized by multiple disputes, and that reverberates in the unequal conditions of movement. Urbanities without disputes are lifeless urbanities. And the book demonstrates that there are disputes all the time, and that the manifestations of these disputes are a revealing part of our everyday experience.
当它们被用于表演时,就会变成不同类型的场所,朋克/硬核乐队就是如此。当这种情况发生时,街道就会被表演、颠覆、行为、音乐性和空间存在方式所 "朋克化"。这就将街道的功能区域转化为场所--在这里,城市中的艺术作为力量、作为逃生阀门、作为城市中的日常游戏而出现。对于生活在巴西城市边缘的魁布拉达人或贫民窟居民来说,街道是房屋的延伸,这一点非常普遍,尤其是因为房屋空间狭小,通常居住着许多居民。换句话说,他们的生活既在家里,也在街上。走上街头也是为了生存,就像许多年轻的朋克/硬核乐迷从事的送货工作一样。本书揭示了作为当代巴西现实一部分的不同音乐场景,指出了有待克服的挑战和矛盾。这种对其他层面的理解超越了本研究中四个城市的旅游业和遗产。作者的论文可作为打击城市不公正现象的弹药,城市不公正的特点是存在多种争端,并在不平等的流动条件下产生回响。没有纠纷的城市是没有生命力的城市。本书表明,争端无时无刻不在发生,而这些争端的表现形式正是我们日常经验的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Cimarronaje urbano: la solidaridad comunitaria en tiempos de inundación y desastre de estado en Esmeraldas, Ecuador / Urban Marronage: Community Solidarity in Times of Flood and State Disaster in Esmeraldas, Ecuador Cimarronaje urbano: la solidaridad comunitaria en tiempos de inundación y desastre de estado en Esmeraldas, Ecuador / Urban Marronage: Community Solidarity in Times of Flood and State Disaster in Esmeraldas, Ecuador
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/lag.0.a908327
Andrea Castillo Sinisterra, Gabriela Valdivia
Si uno centra la atención en los medios de comunicación globalizados, podría asumir que los crímenes contra la humanidad ya no constituyen una crisis novedosa; se han vuelto rutinarios, sobre todo en cuestiones de emergencias sanitarias en áreas donde habitan las poblaciones afrodescendientes de las Américas. Es como si frente a las prácticas genocidas antinegras ahora se responda: “¿Qué más hay de nuevo?” (Marshall, 2020).
如果把注意力集中在全球化的媒体上,人们可能会认为危害人类罪不再是一种新的危机;它们已成为家常便饭,尤其是在美洲非裔人口居住地区的卫生紧急事件中。面对反黑人的种族灭绝行径,人们的反应仿佛是 "还有什么新鲜的"(Marshall,2020 年)。
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引用次数: 0
Cartografias no contexto da COVID-19 no Brasil/Cartographies in the Context of COVID-19 in Brazil Cartografias no contexto da COVID-19 no Brasil/巴西 COVID-19 背景下的制图学
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/lag.2023.a909088
R. E. N. Santos
resumo:O objetivo deste texto é debater a produção cartográfica no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. São analisadas cartografias governamentais, de grupos de pesquisa e de grupos ativistas de base. As análises mostram que a cartografia foi um instrumento mobilizado com diversas funções, tais como informar, comunicar, orientar, analisar, mobilizar sujeitos e solidariedades. Entretanto, essa produção deve ser vista dentro de jogos e disputas de poder. Disputas de narrativas sobre a pandemia, sobre as respostas e reações a ela, assim como os próprios instrumentos de produção cartográfica utilizados, são aspectos mostrados como dimensões destas relações de poder.abstract:The aim of this paper is to explore the development of cartography during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. It analyzes the maps produced by government agencies, research groups and grassroots activist organizations. The analysis demonstrates that cartography became an instrument mobilized for different purposes: to inform, to communicate, to guide, to analyze, and to mobilize subjects and solidarity. However, these different forms of cartography should also be viewed within a context of power relations and struggles. Contested narratives regarding the pandemic and the responses to it, as well as the tools of cartography employed, are revealed as dimensions of these power relations.
摘要:本文的目的是讨论在巴西 COVID-19 大流行病背景下的地图制作问题。本文分析了政府、研究小组和基础行动小组的地图。分析表明,制图是一种具有多种功能的动员工具,如提供信息、交流、定向、分析、动员支持和团结。此外,这种产品也应被放在辩论和权力之争中来看待。关于大流行病的叙事争议、对大流行病的回应和解释,以及所使用的制图工具,都是权力关系的重要方面。本文分析了政府机构、研究团体和基层活动组织制作的地图。分析表明,制图已成为一种工具,可用于不同目的:提供信息、交流、指导、分析以及动员主体和团结。然而,这些不同形式的制图也应在权力关系和斗争的背景下加以审视。有关大流行病和应对措施的争议性叙述以及所使用的制图工具,都是这些权力关系的组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
The Dread Plague and the Cow Killers: The Politics of Animal Disease in Mexico and the World by Thomas Rath (review) 可怕的瘟疫与杀牛者:托马斯-拉特(Thomas Rath)所著的《墨西哥和世界的动物疾病政治》(评论
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/lag.2023.a909093
Eric D. Carter
and not referring to something deeper that also entails a form of social appropriation of space intertwined with power relations. This contrasts with the other chapters of the book, which offer a conceptual discussion of territory, and therefore, inform the reader about the centrality of territory in interpreting and understanding the case study they present. Another weakness of the book is the maps presented in the different sections. For a book whose authors are mostly, if not all, geographers, with a few exceptions many of the maps included in the chapters do not deliver because of their poor graphic quality; in some cases they are practically illegible. Likewise, there are representations that could not be called maps, as they do not have the required elements to be included in that category. These aspects might seem minor technicalities and might go unnoticed by an inexperienced reader, but to an audience trained in geography, they are fundamental points. Overall, Territorialising Space in Latin
而不是指一种更深层次的、与权力关系交织在一起的空间社会占有形式。这与该书其他章节形成了鲜明对比,这些章节对领土进行了概念性讨论,从而让读者了解到领土在解释和理解所介绍的案例研究时的核心作用。该书的另一个弱点是各章节中的地图。这本书的作者大多(如果不是全部)是地理学家,但除少数例外,各章节中的许多地图因图形质量不佳而无法令人满意;在某些情况下,这些地图几乎无法辨认。同样,也有一些表现形式不能称之为地图,因为它们不具备被列入地图类别所需的要素。这些方面可能看起来是小技术问题,没有经验的读者可能不会注意到,但对于受过地理训练的读者来说,这些都是基本要点。总体而言,《拉丁美洲空间的领土化
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Latin American Geography
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