CoDAS最新文献

Purpose: To investigate the duration of breastfeeding (BF) and exclusive BF in infants with T21 and to verify the association between clinical and myofunctional orofacial conditions and the presence of BF and exclusive BF in the sixth month and in the first year of life.

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, observational study with 90 infants with T21. Parents answered two questionnaires about clinical and BF conditions, one in the sixth and the other in the 12th month of the infant's life. Habitual lip and tongue posture was obtained through videos, and clinical history was obtained through medical records. The presence of BF and exclusive BF in the sixth and 12th months was associated with clinical and myofunctional orofacial conditions using Pearson's chi-square test, with a 5% significance level.

Results: There were associations between male infants and the presence of BF/exclusive BF at the sixth month; formula use and absence of BF; BF in the first hour and the presence of BF in the first year; lung disease and BF in the first year; BF difficulties and BF in the sixth month; BF in the sixth month and latching difficulties; low milk production and absence of BF in the first year; pacifier use and absence of BF in the sixth month and of BF in the first year.

Conclusion: Sex, lung disease, formula use, BF in the first hour of life, self-reported BF difficulties, low milk production, and pacifier use were factors associated with BF in infants with T21.

Purpose: To relate self-assessed dysphagia risk to clinical-functional vulnerability, age, sex, dentition, education, and institutionalization of older adults with a history of leprosy, and to assess the swallowing quality of life of those at risk.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 117 older people. The inclusion criteria were being 60 years or older, with a history of leprosy, and no history of mental disorders, cognitive impairment due to stroke, or dementia syndrome. The study obtained information such as sex, age, education, institutionalization, and dentition, and used the following protocols: Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index (IVCF-20), Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), and Quality of Life in Swallowing Disorders (SWAL-QOL). The association between self-assessed dysphagia risk in older adults, a history of leprosy, and the other variables was verified with Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, with a 5% significance level.

Results: There was a predominance of non-institutionalized older women aged 80 to 99 years, with incomplete elementary education, using dentures. According to self-assessment, 22 older adults (18.8%) were at risk of dysphagia, and the most compromised quality of life domain was "eating duration." The risk of dysphagia was statistically associated with age and clinical-functional vulnerability.

Conclusion: Being over 80 years old and being considered frail increases the chance of older people with a history of leprosy having a self-assessed risk of dysphagia. The greatest impairment in the quality of life was related to "eating duration".

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of vacations on the reading fluency of elementary school students.

Methods: This analytical, longitudinal, observational study included 98 students from 2nd to 5th grades, who read texts appropriate for their school year before and after vacations between 2022 and 2024. The performance of the same students in both periods and the progression of reading speed between grades throughout the year were compared. The paired t-test was used to assess reading performance at different time points, the t-test to analyze progression, and Cohen's d test to calculate the effect size.

Results: The findings show an improvement in reading speed measures between the beginning and end of the school year. However, they also point to a statistically significant difference between before and after extended vacations, indicating a decline in post-vacation performance - except for students going from 2nd to 3rd grade, whose reading practice remained constant. The findings reinforce the importance of pedagogical strategies to encourage continued reading during vacation.

Conclusion: This study highlighted the negative impact of the vacation effect on reading fluency performance among 3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-grade students, whose reading fluency declined after the extended school vacation.

Purpose: To map orofacial and cervical myofunctional intervention programs developed for adults undergoing orthognathic surgery.

Research strategies: Search of Cochrane, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as gray literature.

Selection criteria: The review included studies addressing therapeutic programs and myofunctional exercises and their influence on the stomatognathic system of adults undergoing orthognathic surgery, without time or language limitations. Secondary studies, populations under 18 years old, and comorbidities associated with dentofacial deformities were excluded.

Data analysis: Two reviewers extracted data comprising different topics, especially the assessment process, orofacial and cervical myofunctional intervention, and identification of intervention outcomes.

Results: Five studies were considered eligible. They were published between 2006 and 2018, with participants aged 19 to 31, predominantly females, and used postoperative guidelines consisting of isometric, isotonic, postural, and functional exercises, as well as tactile-kinesthetic and thermal stimulation, with a positive emphasis on functional improvement of the stomatognathic system.

Conclusion: These studies addressed the application of orofacial myofunctional therapy after orthognathic surgery. The interventions, not yet validated, involved specific protocols of postural and functional exercises and tactile-kinesthetic and thermal stimulation. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the performance of orofacial functions, enhanced subjective perception of oral health, and improvements in muscle tone and mobility of orofacial structures. Orofacial myofunctional therapy is an important approach in postoperative rehabilitation of the stomatognathic system.

Purpose: To analyze coping strategies for dysphonia, vocal handicap, and anxiety/depression symptoms in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

Methods: A retrospective study with patients evaluated preoperatively, recently postoperatively, and three months post-thyroidectomy. Data from the Brazilian version of the Voice Disability Coping Questionnaire (B-VDCQ), Vocal Handicap Index (VHI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were analyzed. Patients with language, neurological, laryngeal, thyroid hormonal, or reflux disorders were excluded.

Results: A total of 20 patients participated (mean age 54 years, SD±16.9), predominantly female (n=17; 85%), with partial thyroidectomy (n=14; 70%). In B-VDCQ, scores decreased between preoperative, recent postoperative, and three-month postoperative assessments, especially in the emotional focus domain, with no significant differences over time. In VHI, the organic domain had the highest scores, indicating mild vocal handicap without differences across assessments. In HADS, mild anxiety traits were observed preoperatively, reduced shortly after surgery, but increased after three months, while depression remained within normal limits. Preoperatively, a moderate positive correlation was found between depression and the organic and total VHI domains. In the recent postoperative period, anxiety showed a weak/moderate positive correlation with B-VDCQ and VHI. After three months, B-VDCQ had a moderate positive correlation with anxiety and total HADS, and a weak correlation between the "functional" and "organic" VHI domains and depression.

Conclusion: Patients primarily use emotion-focused coping strategies, self-report mild vocal handicap, and exhibit mild anxiety traits preoperatively, which decrease postoperatively but increase after three months. The strongest correlations occurred in the immediate postoperative period.

Purpose: To investigate binaural integration and temporal resolution auditory skills, measure parents' and/or guardians' perceptions of their dependents' auditory behavior, and analyze neural encoding in children with speech sound disorder (SSD).

Methods: The study included 28 children divided into two groups: 13 with SSD (mean age of 7 years) and 15 with typical speech development, matched for age with the study group. Auditory skills of binaural integration and temporal resolution were assessed. Parents and/or guardians completed the Auditory Processing Domains Questionnaire. Neural encoding was analyzed using the frequency following response with a /da/ stimulus, assessing amplitudes, absolute latencies, shifts, and the slope measure. The basic frequency analysis of the frequency following response employed the time-frequency distribution of the spectrogram. Inferential data analysis was conducted.

Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in binaural integration auditory skills. However, no such differences were observed in temporal resolution. Parents and/or guardians reported changes in their dependents' auditory behavior in both groups. In the analysis of neural encoding, children with SSD showed higher latency in the O component, with a greater A-O shift. There was a positive correlation between the severity of SSD and the latency of the E component. The spectrogram analysis revealed greater neuronal excitation in the group with typical development.

Conclusion: Children diagnosed with SSD show alterations in binaural integration auditory skills and in the neural encoding of speech sounds.

Purpose: (1) to compare the findings of the instrumental swallowing assessment between individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and older dysphagic adults without neurological diagnosis; (2) to compare the onset of pharyngeal response, pharyngeal residues, and the level of oral intake in relation to the time since diagnosis in the ALS group.

Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study collected data from medical records. Altogether, 101 individuals with dysphagia were included and stratified into two groups: the first had 56 patients diagnosed with ALS, and the second had 45 older adults. Dysphagia signs were analyzed through fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, using four food consistencies, classified by the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI). Pharyngeal residues were classified by the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS), and oral intake by the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS).

Results: The ALS group had differences in multiple swallows with one IDDSI consistency; posterior oral leakage, pharyngeal residues, and laryngeal penetration with three consistencies; and aspiration with one consistency. Individuals with more than 3 years since diagnosis had differences in the onset of the pharyngeal response in the pyriform sinuses, moderate pharyngeal residues, and oral intake.

Conclusion: The ALS group had significant differences in the occurrence of multiple swallows, posterior oral leakage, pharyngeal residues, penetration, and aspiration with three IDDSI consistencies. Furthermore, the time since diagnosis was a determining factor for all three parameters.