CoDAS最新文献

Purpose: Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that affects reading and is associated with emotional and behavioral problems. Previous research indicates that children with dyslexia are at greater risk of developing anxiety, depression, and difficulties in executive functions, which affect their academic performance and well being.

Methods: This study explored and compared behavioral, emotional, and executive functioning profiles in children with dyslexia and in neurotypical children in a sample of 120 children aged 8 to 10, divided into a dyslexia group and a control group. The BASC-3, SENA, and ENFEN were used for assessments, and data were analyzed using t-tests, Levene's test, and mediation analyses.

Results: Children with dyslexia showed significantly higher levels of aggressiveness, anxiety, depression, and attention problems. In addition, they exhibited difficulties in executive functions such as resistance to interference and verbal fluency, highlighting the impact of dyslexia in these areas.

Conclusion: Mediation analyses suggest that dyslexia is a potential indicator of difficulties in executive functioning and behavior, as well as influencing internalized and externalized emotional problems. These findings underscore the need to implement comprehensive educational and therapeutic strategies to address the needs of this vulnerable population.

Purpose: To verify changes in phonetic, nasometric and aerodynamic aspects of speech in individuals with cleft lip and palate and the influence of occlusion on these variables, before and after orthognathic surgery (OC) for maxillary advancement.

Methods: Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional and analytical study. Fifty-one patients with previously repaired cleft lip and palate participated, 26 men and 25 women (x̅=31 years), who underwent maxillary advancement OC. The following were performed: assessment of phonetic and occlusal aspects, nasometry and aerodynamic assessment of velopharyngeal function (flow-pressure technique), before and after OC. The phonetic aspects were evaluated by 3 experienced judges.

Results: There was high intra and inter judge agreement. There was a significant improvement in phonetic production after OC: in tongue interposition ([d], [t], [l], [n], [ʎ]), distortion ([f], [v]) and anterior lisp ([s], [z], [ʃ]). In the occlusal aspects, the overjet reached, on average, the normal values after the OC and there was an occlusal improvement in the anterior crossbite, openbite and overbite. Nasalance values were within the normal range after CO for the nasal text and there was an increase in nasalance, suggestive of hypernasality, in the oral text. There was no change in velopharyngeal closure, in the production of the word "rampa", suggestive of adequate velopharyngeal closure. Occlusion did not influence nasalance and velopharyngeal closure before or after maxillary advancement OC.

Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in phonetic, occlusal and nasometric aspects after OC. However, none of the phones obtained 100% adequacy,reinforcing the importance of speech therapy after OC.

Purpose: To present the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination with scores, the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation Protocol MMBGR for Infants and Preschoolers, for the age group of six to 23 months.

Methods: Diagnostic accuracy validation using a convenience sample. Images from 76 participants were analyzed by groups of three speech-language pathologists, who individually and separately assessed the images, with agreement between two of them considered valid. An electronic form was used to assess the domains of the orofacial myofunctional evaluation, Orofacial Myofunctional Disorder (OMD), and the need for referrals. The responses of speech-language pathologists who provided opinions based on clinical experience, without using the protocol (gold standard), were compared with those provided by speech-language pathologists who used the protocol (index test). The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) method was employed, and cut-off points were assigned using the R Core Team (2022) software, yielding sensitivity and specificity values.

Results: For infants aged six to 11 months, diagnostic accuracy was not ideal for orofacial structures, orofacial functions, and Orofacial Myofunctional Disorder (OMD), but reasonable for tone (70%). For infants aged 12 to 23 months, accuracy was reasonable for most domains- orofacial structures, orofacial functions, tone-and ideal for OMD (88.9%). The OMD cut-off point is 9 (for ages 6 to 11 months) and 14 (for ages 12 to 23 months). Accuracy was reasonable for multidisciplinary referrals but not ideal for speech-language pathology referrals.

Conclusion: The Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation Protocol MMBGR for Infants and Preschoolers, when analyzed through photos and videos, is accurate for assessing infants aged six to 11 months only in terms of tone; and for infants aged 12 to 23 months, it is accurate across all exam domains, being ideal for diagnosing OMD. The instrument is reasonable for determining the need for multidisciplinary referrals in infants.

Purpose: To present the validity evidence of the Speaking in Public Coping Scale (ECOFAP) based on its internal structure.

Methods: This methodological study of instrument development and validation included 1,119 adults who speak in public in academic or professional contexts, with a mean age of 25 years. Most of the sample were females (68.5%) and held a bachelor's degree (58.5%). A self-report questionnaire was used for validation, including: 1) sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, education, profession); 2) questions about participation in training to improve public communication and public speaking experience in academic and professional contexts; 3) the 48-item Speaking in Public Coping Scale (ECOFAP). Internal consistency analyses (Cronbach's alpha), exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were performed for the validity evidence stages.

Results: ECOFAP had 30 items after finishing the analyses. The results indicated it had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.87). The instrument presented a factorial structure comprising the Challenge (13 items) and Threat (17 items) factors. Factor loadings ranged from 0.37 to 0.66.

Conclusion: ECOFAP has a solid internal structure and adequate psychometric properties. It is reliable and valid for self-assessing coping strategies for public speaking among adults in academic and professional contexts.

Purpose: to identify and systematize speech therapy practices with autistic children in healthcare services reported as an evaluative and therapeutic strategy in Brazil.

Research strategies: a scoping review following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR. Articles, essays, reviews, and gray literature available until July 4, 2024, were retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Central, Embase, EBSCOhost, BVS, BDTD, and Google Scholar. Reference lists and relevant systematic reviews were also checked for additional documents.

Selection criteria: based on the PCC format (Participants: autistic children aged 2 to 12 years; Concept: speech therapy assessment and treatment strategies; Context: Brazil).

Data analysis: data were extracted using a pre-designed matrix considering author, type/year of publication, objective, sample, autism concept, type/strategy of intervention, setting, and conclusion. Descriptive quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed.

Results: a total of 49 studies were included in the review, allowing the identification that speech therapy practices targeting autistic children in Brazilian healthcare services predominantly involve therapeutic and evaluative approaches, mainly carried out in university clinics.

Conclusion: although speech therapy has advanced in the personalization of care and adaptation of therapeutic strategies, there is still a predominance of interventions focused on diagnosis and rehabilitation, with a limited number of studies addressing health promotion and social inclusion actions.

Purpose: To trace suspected voice disorder based on vocal and auditory symptoms self-reported by voice actors and analyze the correlation between these symptoms.

Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional and prospective study, approved by the institution's Research Ethics Committee. An online questionnaire was applied consisting of different instruments to trace vocal and auditory symptoms and conditions: Vocal Production of the Actor (VP-A), Screening Index for Voice Disorder (SIVD) and Self-Reported Hearing Loss Questionnaire (SRHLQ). Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was conducted with the application of Fisher's Exact test to verify the association between suspected voice disorder (VD) and perceived hearing loss (HL) and variables of interest; and the Mantel-Haenszel test (p<0.05) was applied to measure the association between two variables controlled by a third variable.

Results: 55 voice actors (27 men, 26 women and 1 non-binary person) composed the sample. An association between suspected VD with work habits, setting and organization and use of vocal technique was noted; self-perception of hearing and perception of HL was associated with habits and perceptions about the voice. Seven voice actors (12.7%) presented suspected VD and 31 (56.4%) presented perceived HL. The most common vocal symptom was throat clearing. Most of those with perceived HL (14, 25.5%) were aged up to 35 years.

Conclusion: Self-perceived HL affected most participants and suspected VD was less frequent. There was an association between suspected VD and vocal symptoms and also with hearing.

Purpose: To investigate and characterize the Frequency Following Response (FFR) and performance on the speech-in-noise test in adults who are native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, as well as to assess the potential correlation between the two measures.

Methods: A total of 28 individuals aged 18 to 29 years, with no diagnosis of hearing loss or history of conditions affecting hearing, participated in the study. Eligibility assessments included hearing sensitivity tests and mental status screening. The research assessments comprised the Portuguese Sentence List and FFR recordings.

Results: The mean signal-to-noise ratio was -0.73 dB, ranging from -4.6 dB to 1.6 dB. In the FFR, all components were identified in 100% of participants, except for component C, which was present in 96.43%. A significant positive correlation was observed between the signal-to-noise ratio and the latencies of components A and C, while a significant negative correlation was found between the signal-to-noise ratio and the amplitudes of components A and D.

Conclusion: FFR results determined characteristics of the present population, with component values similar to those reported in the Brazilian population. Better performance in speech-in-noise perception was correlated with shorter neural encoding time for the 'voice onset time' and greater neural recruitment for encoding the sound structure of the vowel.

Purpose: To investigate the duration of breastfeeding (BF) and exclusive BF in infants with T21 and to verify the association between clinical and myofunctional orofacial conditions and the presence of BF and exclusive BF in the sixth month and in the first year of life.

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, observational study with 90 infants with T21. Parents answered two questionnaires about clinical and BF conditions, one in the sixth and the other in the 12th month of the infant's life. Habitual lip and tongue posture was obtained through videos, and clinical history was obtained through medical records. The presence of BF and exclusive BF in the sixth and 12th months was associated with clinical and myofunctional orofacial conditions using Pearson's chi-square test, with a 5% significance level.

Results: There were associations between male infants and the presence of BF/exclusive BF at the sixth month; formula use and absence of BF; BF in the first hour and the presence of BF in the first year; lung disease and BF in the first year; BF difficulties and BF in the sixth month; BF in the sixth month and latching difficulties; low milk production and absence of BF in the first year; pacifier use and absence of BF in the sixth month and of BF in the first year.

Conclusion: Sex, lung disease, formula use, BF in the first hour of life, self-reported BF difficulties, low milk production, and pacifier use were factors associated with BF in infants with T21.

Purpose: To relate self-assessed dysphagia risk to clinical-functional vulnerability, age, sex, dentition, education, and institutionalization of older adults with a history of leprosy, and to assess the swallowing quality of life of those at risk.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 117 older people. The inclusion criteria were being 60 years or older, with a history of leprosy, and no history of mental disorders, cognitive impairment due to stroke, or dementia syndrome. The study obtained information such as sex, age, education, institutionalization, and dentition, and used the following protocols: Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index (IVCF-20), Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), and Quality of Life in Swallowing Disorders (SWAL-QOL). The association between self-assessed dysphagia risk in older adults, a history of leprosy, and the other variables was verified with Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, with a 5% significance level.

Results: There was a predominance of non-institutionalized older women aged 80 to 99 years, with incomplete elementary education, using dentures. According to self-assessment, 22 older adults (18.8%) were at risk of dysphagia, and the most compromised quality of life domain was "eating duration." The risk of dysphagia was statistically associated with age and clinical-functional vulnerability.

Conclusion: Being over 80 years old and being considered frail increases the chance of older people with a history of leprosy having a self-assessed risk of dysphagia. The greatest impairment in the quality of life was related to "eating duration".