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Purpose: To compare the communicative profile of children diagnosed with or at risk for autism spectrum disorder before and after speech-language-hearing guidance (indirect treatment).

Methods: The study included caregivers and/or parents of children aged 2 to 9 years with a diagnosis of or at risk for autism spectrum disorder, with or without speech-language-hearing therapy. Before the intervention, caregivers answered the sample characterization form and clinical history. They also sent a 10-minute audio and video recording of interaction between the child and a familiar adult for pragmatic analysis based on the ABFW Child Language Test. The intervention included online guidance meetings with slides and guidance booklets. After the intervention, a new video of child-adult interaction was collected for pragmatic analysis.

Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the number of communicative acts per minute, the number of communicative functions used, and the communicative space occupied by the children from before to after the intervention. Most children changed their preferred means of communication and increased the number of responses, although these changes were not statistically significant. After the guidance meetings, most participants reached the age-appropriate number of communicative acts.

Conclusion: Indirect treatment is a good tool to benefit the pragmatic abilities of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Purpose: To compare self-assessment of voice handicap, sleep quality, and quality of life related to coughing and swallowing before and after using a heat and moisture exchange filter in total laryngectomized patients.

Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study whose participants completed the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), and MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) at three times: (T1) before starting to use the heat and moisture exchange filter, (T2) 2 weeks after using it, and (T3) 4 weeks after using it.

Results: 14 participants (12 men) with a mean age of 66.4 ± 5.8 years. The medians of the total VHI score at T1, T2, and T3 were, respectively, 65.5 (47.5-86.3), 55.5 (39.5-71.3), and 44.5 (39-72), p=0.085. The medians of the PSQI score at T1, T2, and T3 were, respectively, 6.5 (4.25-11.8), 4.5 (2.25-10.8), and 3.0 (2.0-5.75), p=0.010. The medians of the total MDADI score at T1, T2, and T3 were, respectively, 78.6 (69.1-92.7), 76.3 (73.3-92.6), and 85.7 (72.7-94), p=0.571. The medians of the total LCQ score at T1, T2, and T3 were, respectively, 16.7 (13.1-18.5), 19.1 (17.4-19.4), and 19.0 (17.3-19.9), p=0.002.

Conclusion: The total laryngectomized patients participating in this study self-assessed an improvement in the emotional domain of voice handicap, sleep quality, and cough-related quality of life after 2 weeks of using a heat and moisture exchange filter. They also maintained the perception of improvement after 4 weeks of using the device.

Purpose: To investigate differences in auditory thresholds and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) between individuals with and without allergic rhinitis (AR).

Research strategies: Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Open Access Theses and Dissertations on April 2, 2024. The study protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XUTSN).

Selection criteria: Observational studies comparing auditory outcomes between individuals with and without AR were included.

Data analysis: The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to assess bias. The primary outcome was the mean difference (MD) in auditory thresholds (250Hz to 8000Hz) measured by audiometry. Secondary outcomes included latencies of waves and interpeak intervals. The meta-analysis was conducted using the inverse variance method under a random effects model.

Results: Five studies with 432 participants were included. Meta-analysis revealed higher auditory thresholds in patients with AR at 4000Hz (MD = 7.83 dB; 95% CI: 2.46 to 13.19; p = 0.004) and 8000Hz (MD = 8.66 dB; 95% CI: 2.70 to 14.62; p = 0.004). No differences were observed for frequencies <4000Hz or in BERA outcomes.

Conclusion: This meta-analysis identified significantly higher auditory thresholds at 4000Hz and 8000Hz in individuals with AR, suggesting a potential peripheral auditory effect. No consistent differences were found in BERA parameters. These findings suggest that AR may impact high-frequency hearing without affecting neural conduction at the brainstem level.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between quality of life in communication among people with Parkinson's disease and clinical and sociodemographic variables.

Methods: Cross-sectional study that analyzed sociodemographic variables - such as sex, age, education and ethnicity - and clinical variables, including age at onset of symptoms, time since PD diagnosis, initial symptom, equivalent daily dose of levodopa, motor impairment, stage of the disease, cognition, mood disorders and quality of life. The correlation test and multiple linear regression model were used for statistical analysis.

Results: The sample consisted of 34 individuals, with a mean age of 62.42 years (±12.21), mostly male (61.76%) and with a mean score of 20.09 (±17.78) in the communication item of the PDQ-39. A significant correlation was observed between communication and disease duration, depression and anxiety levels, activities of daily living, emotional well-being, stigma, social support, cognition, bodily discomfort, disease stage (Hoehn & Yahr), as well as motor and non-motor aspects and the total score of the PDQ-39 scale. This indicates that communication is affected by many areas of life and by the progression of the disease. When analyzed together (multiple linear regression model), activities of daily living and non-motor aspects (such as emotional and cognitive problems) are the main predictors of quality of life related to communication.

Conclusion: Communication in individuals with PD is influenced by several factors related to the progression of the disease. Among them, activities of daily living and non-motor aspects stand out as the main influences on quality of life in communication.

Purpose: To find evidence of criterion and construct validity for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Hearing Impairment (MoCA-H) protocol in Brazilian Portuguese.

Methods: The sample consisted of 70 elderly people divided into two groups: Group 1-50 subjects with hearing loss and no cognitive decline; Group 2-20 subjects with hearing loss and cognitive decline. Criterion validity was obtained by comparing Group 1 and 2 considering the overall score and the eight domains assessed in the MoCA-H. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Student's T-test, respecting the characteristics of the data collected. To verify construct validity, the correlation between the total scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the MoCA-H obtained by Group 2 was analyzed. Spearman's Correlation Test was used for this purpose.

Results: The analysis of criterion validity showed a difference between the groups with and without decline in naming, attention, language, abstraction, memory and delayed recall skills, as well as the MoCA-H total score, indicating significantly higher performance of Group 1. The construct validity correlation analysis was weak and non-significant (Rho=0.384; p=0.095) between the MoCA-H and MMSE scores.

Conclusion: The MoCA-H protocol showed good criterion validity for this specific population, making it a reliable tool for screening mild cognitive decline. However, it did not show satisfactory construct validity, indicating the need for further studies with this instrument using another protocol as a reference.

Purpose: The hospital is often where individuals with aphasia encounter an enigmatic linguistic condition involving different speaking/listening/writing methods. This article aims to analyze the implications of linguistic symptoms in the care provided by a health team to individuals with aphasia in a general hospital linked to the Unified Health System (SUS).

Methods: This qualitative exploratory study used semi-structured interviews. It included professionals from the following categories: nursing, physiotherapy, speech-language-hearing therapy, medicine, nutrition, psychology, nursing technician, occupational therapy, and social work.

Results: The research participants highlighted the difficulties and challenges imposed by the communicative restrictions experienced in hospital care for individuals with aphasia and the implications of linguistic symptoms for multiprofessional care. Language symptoms raise questions and anxiety in health professionals, who face concerns triggered by providing care for these patients.

Conclusion: The interviews showed that aphasia imposes challenges, given the effects of communicative restrictions on the health team in hospital care. It is important to establish comprehensive care based on interprofessionality, the different dimensions of healthcare, and the diversity of ways of life.

Purpose: This study aimed to validate the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) for Brazilian Portuguese.

Methods: Validation followed the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). Data collection included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the translated version of LCQ-Brazil (LCQ-Br), self-perception of laryngeal sensitivity, cough frequency and intensity, the Cough Severity Index (CSI-Br), and the Newcastle Laryngeal Hypersensitivity Questionnaire (LHQ-Br). The LCQ-Br retained its original structure with 19 items across physical, psychological, and social domains. Participants completed the LCQ-Br on three occasions to assess validity, reliability, and responsiveness.

Results: Ninety-eight patients with chronic cough (79% women; mean age of 49) participated. Construct validation confirmed the LCQ-Br's factorial structure. For concurrent validity, negative correlations were observed between LCQ-Br domains and self-perceived laryngeal sensitivity, cough frequency and intensity, and CSI-Br factors (physical, social, psychological, and total scores). A positive correlation was found between the LCQ-Br total and LHQ-Br scores. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.952), and test-retest reliability yielded a coefficient of 0.455. The responsiveness analysis demonstrated significant reductions in LCQ-Br scores post-intervention for physical, psychological, and total domains.

Conclusion: The LCQ-Br is a valid, reliable, and responsive tool for assessing health status in chronic cough patients, making it suitable for clinical practice and research applications.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the language attitudes of Generation Z in responding to teacher questions in the classroom interaction. The focus of the study was the problems of the diversity of language forms and strategies, the influencing factors, and their implications for learning dynamics.

Methods: This study used a qualitative approach, and the data collection was conducted through observation and semi-structured interviews. Researchers observe and record students' speech and its contexts related to their responses to teacher questions during Indonesian language, arts and culture, and mathematics lessons. After class activities, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with students to explore causal factors related to language habits and the use of digital social media. The researchers also interviewed teachers to explore the impact of these speeches use in learning interaction.

Results: The study reveals that Generation Z students respond to teachers' questions frequently using informal Indonesian, slang, regional languages, and mixed language styles, reflecting their preference for familiarity and self-expression over strict formality in classroom interactions. Students employ diverse language strategies to respond to teachers' questions, such as short answers, humor, metaphoric appeals, and challenges. The study found that Generation Z's speech in responding to teacher questions is influenced by social media exposure, informal teacher-student relationships, and socio-cultural backgrounds, leading to a preference for informal and digital-influenced language in the classroom and social interactions.

Conclusion: This study concludes that Generation Z's language attitudes in the classroom are different from previous generations in responding to teacher questions. Generation Z's language attitudes are influenced by language in digital social media and local culture, fostering egalitarian interactions while posing challenges in maintaining academic formality.