CoDAS最新文献

Purpose: To map orofacial and cervical myofunctional intervention programs developed for adults undergoing orthognathic surgery.

Research strategies: Search of Cochrane, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as gray literature.

Selection criteria: The review included studies addressing therapeutic programs and myofunctional exercises and their influence on the stomatognathic system of adults undergoing orthognathic surgery, without time or language limitations. Secondary studies, populations under 18 years old, and comorbidities associated with dentofacial deformities were excluded.

Data analysis: Two reviewers extracted data comprising different topics, especially the assessment process, orofacial and cervical myofunctional intervention, and identification of intervention outcomes.

Results: Five studies were considered eligible. They were published between 2006 and 2018, with participants aged 19 to 31, predominantly females, and used postoperative guidelines consisting of isometric, isotonic, postural, and functional exercises, as well as tactile-kinesthetic and thermal stimulation, with a positive emphasis on functional improvement of the stomatognathic system.

Conclusion: These studies addressed the application of orofacial myofunctional therapy after orthognathic surgery. The interventions, not yet validated, involved specific protocols of postural and functional exercises and tactile-kinesthetic and thermal stimulation. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the performance of orofacial functions, enhanced subjective perception of oral health, and improvements in muscle tone and mobility of orofacial structures. Orofacial myofunctional therapy is an important approach in postoperative rehabilitation of the stomatognathic system.

Purpose: To analyze coping strategies for dysphonia, vocal handicap, and anxiety/depression symptoms in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

Methods: A retrospective study with patients evaluated preoperatively, recently postoperatively, and three months post-thyroidectomy. Data from the Brazilian version of the Voice Disability Coping Questionnaire (B-VDCQ), Vocal Handicap Index (VHI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were analyzed. Patients with language, neurological, laryngeal, thyroid hormonal, or reflux disorders were excluded.

Results: A total of 20 patients participated (mean age 54 years, SD±16.9), predominantly female (n=17; 85%), with partial thyroidectomy (n=14; 70%). In B-VDCQ, scores decreased between preoperative, recent postoperative, and three-month postoperative assessments, especially in the emotional focus domain, with no significant differences over time. In VHI, the organic domain had the highest scores, indicating mild vocal handicap without differences across assessments. In HADS, mild anxiety traits were observed preoperatively, reduced shortly after surgery, but increased after three months, while depression remained within normal limits. Preoperatively, a moderate positive correlation was found between depression and the organic and total VHI domains. In the recent postoperative period, anxiety showed a weak/moderate positive correlation with B-VDCQ and VHI. After three months, B-VDCQ had a moderate positive correlation with anxiety and total HADS, and a weak correlation between the "functional" and "organic" VHI domains and depression.

Conclusion: Patients primarily use emotion-focused coping strategies, self-report mild vocal handicap, and exhibit mild anxiety traits preoperatively, which decrease postoperatively but increase after three months. The strongest correlations occurred in the immediate postoperative period.

Purpose: To investigate binaural integration and temporal resolution auditory skills, measure parents' and/or guardians' perceptions of their dependents' auditory behavior, and analyze neural encoding in children with speech sound disorder (SSD).

Methods: The study included 28 children divided into two groups: 13 with SSD (mean age of 7 years) and 15 with typical speech development, matched for age with the study group. Auditory skills of binaural integration and temporal resolution were assessed. Parents and/or guardians completed the Auditory Processing Domains Questionnaire. Neural encoding was analyzed using the frequency following response with a /da/ stimulus, assessing amplitudes, absolute latencies, shifts, and the slope measure. The basic frequency analysis of the frequency following response employed the time-frequency distribution of the spectrogram. Inferential data analysis was conducted.

Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in binaural integration auditory skills. However, no such differences were observed in temporal resolution. Parents and/or guardians reported changes in their dependents' auditory behavior in both groups. In the analysis of neural encoding, children with SSD showed higher latency in the O component, with a greater A-O shift. There was a positive correlation between the severity of SSD and the latency of the E component. The spectrogram analysis revealed greater neuronal excitation in the group with typical development.

Conclusion: Children diagnosed with SSD show alterations in binaural integration auditory skills and in the neural encoding of speech sounds.

Purpose: (1) to compare the findings of the instrumental swallowing assessment between individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and older dysphagic adults without neurological diagnosis; (2) to compare the onset of pharyngeal response, pharyngeal residues, and the level of oral intake in relation to the time since diagnosis in the ALS group.

Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study collected data from medical records. Altogether, 101 individuals with dysphagia were included and stratified into two groups: the first had 56 patients diagnosed with ALS, and the second had 45 older adults. Dysphagia signs were analyzed through fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, using four food consistencies, classified by the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI). Pharyngeal residues were classified by the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS), and oral intake by the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS).

Results: The ALS group had differences in multiple swallows with one IDDSI consistency; posterior oral leakage, pharyngeal residues, and laryngeal penetration with three consistencies; and aspiration with one consistency. Individuals with more than 3 years since diagnosis had differences in the onset of the pharyngeal response in the pyriform sinuses, moderate pharyngeal residues, and oral intake.

Conclusion: The ALS group had significant differences in the occurrence of multiple swallows, posterior oral leakage, pharyngeal residues, penetration, and aspiration with three IDDSI consistencies. Furthermore, the time since diagnosis was a determining factor for all three parameters.

The auditory rehabilitation mechanism with cochlear implants can activate specific cortical regions of the brain similar to those of hearing people. Near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging tool that makes it possible to evaluate the cortical development of implanted children.

Objective: To investigate the molecular imaging response, reflected by difference in cortical oxygenation, in a deaf child with a cochlear implant compared to hearing children, observe and report auditory performance verifying correspondence with fNIRS findings.

Methods: Comparative case study using the fNIRS technique to evaluate the child's cortical activation on the day of device activation with three hearing children of the same hearing age. The recorded data was processed with Brainstorm software and statistical analysis was performed with the Power F test in relation to the baseline and the Permutation test for comparison. Longitudinal analysis of the implanted child's audiological data was carried out, as well as auditory perception and language questionnaires.

Results: No statistical differences were found between cortical activation of the implanted child and hearing children of the same hearing age. An improvement in the child's auditory perception and language performance can be observed after using the implant.

Conclusion: The evolution of auditory responses was observed, showing cortical maturation after activation of the cochlear implant seen in the molecular image, concomitantly with the use of hearing aids and speech therapy. It was observed that fNIRS is a neuroimaging technique capable of recording cortical changes in children with and without implants, being a promising tool.

The objective was to compare gesture-vocal synchrony in language functioning between mothers and babies and the gestural typology of babies from 3 to 26 months of age, one of them with autism spectrum disorder (case R), diagnosed at age 3, and the other without diagnosis (case B). It was select moments in which there was greater mother-baby interaction, from a bank of mother-baby interactions footage, from 3 to 26 months. It was analyzed using the Eudico Linguistic Annotator software ( ELAN), considering multimodal categories of sign language and speech of mothers and babies for descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed differences in the frequencies and types of gestures between the babies and also in the synchrony between them and their mothers. In the case of B., the gesture-vocal synchrony and variety of gestures is inserted in a context of conjunction between him and his mother in the first year of life, which gave rise to the second enunciative mechanism in the second year of life. In case R, the conjunction relationships were not established, as the difficulties in reading discomfort and annoyance gestures, very present in the baby since its first months of life, hindered the engagement and shared attention of the mother and her baby, disfavoring the inscription of gesture as language. R. showed language acquisition delay at 26 months. Although the gestural typology of B and R are similar, the frequencies, the quality and, above all, the gesture-vocal synchrony differ between dyads.

Purpose: To translate and cross-culturally adapt The Cancer Dyspnoea Scale - CDS into Brazilian Portuguese.

Methods: The original instrument in English was translated by a Brazilian Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) and a Brazilian translator, both bilingual. The compiled version of the two translations was back-translated by a second SLP and a second translator, both bilingual, native English speakers, and fluent in Brazilian Portuguese. The final version was analyzed by a committee of experts, resulting in the final version of the Escala de Dispneia Oncológica - CDS-Br. It was pre-tested by applying the translated scale (with the additional option of responding "not applicable") to 40 cancer patients with dyspnea complaints - 35 initial participants and another five to confirm subsequent adjustments.

Results: None of the 35 initial study participants marked "not applicable" in the 12 scale items, but some questions were raised regarding the response keys, which were adapted after the committee of experts rediscussed them. Five new participants then responded to the scale to confirm the adjustments, without the need for further adaptations in the formulation of the items.

Conclusion: The translated and cross-culturally adapted version for Brazilian Portuguese was called Escala de Dispneia Oncológica - CDS-Br. Adjustments were necessary during translation and cross-cultural adaptation to reflect the original version and be compatible with the target language and culture. The Escala de Dispneia Oncológica - CDS-Br proved to be an easy-to-apply and understand self-assessment tool for dyspnea in cancer patients.

[This corrects the article doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/e20240265pt].

Purpose: To estimate the occurrence and characteristics of eating difficulties in Brazilian children.

Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out from January to June 2022 through the completion of online forms and scales by parents and/or guardians of Brazilian children aged 6 months to 6 years and 11 months old.

Results: The sample included 596 participants, the majority (54.5%) of whom were male, with a gestational age at birth of an average of 38 weeks (SD = 3.07). Eating difficulties were present in 26% of the sample, being more prevalent in males (59.36%). There were positive associations between family education and the presence and severity of eating difficulties. The presence of at least one disease or comorbidity was reported in 59.1% (n = 352) of the sample, with severe eating difficulties being associated with the presence of at least one of the mentioned comorbidities. Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were significantly associated with severe eating difficulties (p = <0.001). The presence of some syndrome or genetic disease was associated (p = 0.021) with moderate eating difficulties. There was a significant association (p = 0.026) between the presence of mild and moderate eating difficulties and the presence of more than one hospitalization.

Conclusion: The occurrence of eating difficulties in Brazilian children is 26%, the majority of which are severe and associated with pre-existing comorbidities.