CoDAS最新文献

Purpose: To determine the relationship between mastication and malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults.

Research strategies: To establish the eligibility criteria, the acronym PECOS was used: Population: non-institutionalized older adults; Exposure: older adults with malnutrition; Control: older adults without malnutrition; Outcome: masticatory problems in malnourished older adults; Study types: observational studies.

Selection criteria: It selected studies assessing malnutrition and mastication difficulties in non-institutionalized adults over 60 years old, of both sexes. Mastication and malnutrition were evaluated with questionnaires on self-reported symptoms and clinical and instrumental assessments. There were no restrictions on language, year of publication, or ethnicity.

Data analysis: The included studies were evaluated for methodological quality with the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for cross-sectional studies. For the cross-sectional studies included, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: After searching the databases, 692 references were retrieved, with three studies selected for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The values obtained in the meta-analysis for association show that malnutrition and mastication difficulties were 2.21 times as likely to occur (OR = 2.21; 95%CI = 0.93 - 5.26; I2 = 94%) as individuals without malnutrition (p < 0.001). The assessment of the risk of bias presented a high-risk, a moderate-risk, and a low-risk study. The certainty of evidence was rated very low with the GRADE tool.

Conclusion: Individuals at risk of malnutrition are 2.21 times as likely to have mastication difficulties.

Purpose: To systematically review the literature regarding the impact of prematurity on the transition of food consistencies in infants during the introduction of complementary feeding.

Research strategies: Searches were conducted in the EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, Google Scholar; for gray literature, searches were conducted on Open Gray, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses databases, from August 10, 2020, onwards.

Selection criteria: "PECOS" was selected to determine inclusion criteria: Population (P): Infants; Exposure (E): Prematurity; Comparison (C): Full-term newborns; Outcomes (O): Progression of food consistencies in premature newborns with or without comparison; Study design (S): Cohort study, Case-control; Cross-sectional.

Data analysis: The methodological quality of the selected observational studies was assessed using the Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (MASTARI).

Results: A total of 3,310 articles were found, of which nine were selected for qualitative synthesis. Among the selected studies, a relationship between invasive oral interventions and feeding difficulties was observed for all assessed skills, with feeding difficulties being more frequent in infants with lower gestational age.

Conclusion: Most studies found no significant relationship between prematurity and difficulties in the progression of food consistencies during the introduction of complementary feeding; only three studies demonstrated such a relationship.

Purpose: To analyze the effects of auditory stimulation on heart rate variability (HRV) indices in healthy individuals with normal hearing and with hearing loss, regardless of type and/or grade, by means of a systematic review.

Research strategies: This is a systematic review with a meta-analysis that addresses the following question: in healthy individuals with normal hearing and/or with hearing loss, what are the effects of auditory stimulation on HRV indices in comparison to silence? We consulted the Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and the gray literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest).

Selection criteria: There were no restrictions as to period or language of publication.

Data analysis: We identified 451 records, an additional 261 in the gray literature, and five studies in a search through the references, resulting in a total of 717 records, with 171 duplicate records. After screening the titles and abstracts of 546 studies, we excluded 490 and considered 56 studies in full to assess their eligibility.

Results: Nine of these studies were included in the systematic review, eight of which were suitable for the meta-analysis.

Conclusion: It is suggested that auditory stimulation may influence the RMSSD, pNN50, SDNN, RRTri and SD2 indices of HRV in healthy adults with normal hearing.

Purpose: To validate the content of the Speech-Language Pathology Concordance Test called FonoTCS.

Methods: This is a content validation study of the instrument. Five speech-language pathologists, all with doctoral degrees and teaching experience, averaging 24.8 years of professional practice, participated in the development of FonoTCS and reached a consensus during the process. Thirty questions and 120 items were created, covering seven areas of speech-language pathology expertise across three domains. For content validation, FonoTCS was electronically sent to 15 evaluators to respond to a questionnaire with five questions, rated on a five-point scale, regarding the criteria of clarity, ethics, and relevance of the questions. The Corrected Content Validity Coefficient was calculated for all statements to analyze the responses. Questions with agreement percentages equal to or less than 80% were revised.

Results: Thirteen evaluators, all female, with an average age of 39.07 years, including eight with master's degrees and five with doctoral degrees, and an average clinical practice experience of 15.38 years, participated in the analysis. The average Corrected Content Validity Coefficient values for the clarity criterion were 0.93 and 0.95, for the relevance criterion 0.98 and 0.92, and for the ethics criterion 0.99. Two questions received scores of 0.78 and 0.80, both related to the audiology area in the assessment/diagnosis domain, specifically question 2 regarding the relevance criterion. These questions were reviewed and restructured by the judges.

Conclusion: FonoTCS is a valid instrument from a content perspective.

Purpose: We aimed to provide translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire "Quality of Alimentation" from English to Brazilian Portuguese.

Methods: The transcultural translation process consisted of the following steps: translation of the original English version to Portuguese by two bilingual translators native in the targeted language; Reverse translation by two translators native in the original language; Review of reverse translation; Review of the Portuguese version from the questionnaire by a local committee of experts in bariatric surgery; Pre-trial to evaluate of clarity, comprehension, and overall acceptability by the target population.

Results: In its final Portuguese version, the questionnaire "Quality of alimentation" was found to be of clear comprehension and easy applicability.

Conclusion: The questionnaire's translation and cultural adaptation for Brazilian Portuguese represents an important step towards improving food tolerance evaluation following bariatric surgery. Further studies are however necessary for validation of its psychometric properties in Brazil.

Purpose: To propose a methodology for analyzing data generated by an instrument measuring non-nutritive sucking pressure in newborns.

Methods: An analytical observational study was developed, with a cross-sectional design, considering the data collected from 24 full-term newborns without complications. Three collections from each neonate were analyzed, with duration of 2 minutes and a 2-minute interval between them. The defined parameters were extracted using a program developed in Matlab®. The results were obtained by analyzing and comparing 12 variables at a 5% confidence level. Comparison of manual and computerized analyzes was also carried out using the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results: The multiple comparison between the three collection moments showed that the significant statistical differences occurred between collections one and two and two and three. When analyzing and comparing each variable separately, it was noted that the second collection showed: greater number of sucking groups, greater number of suctions, less time to start the sucking groups, longer time of sucking groups, less number of sporadic suctions, higher mean pressure values and with less standard deviation, more number of pauses with shorter time of pauses. The intraclass correlation coefficient revealed almost perfect agreement for the 12 evaluated parameters.

Conclusion: The 12 variables analyzed are relevant, especially in the second collection. The Matlab® program proved to be viable and effective in extracting and analyzing parameters, showing high agreement when compared to manual evaluation.

Purpose: To propose an instrument for assessing speech recognition in the presence of competing noise. To define its application strategy for use in clinical practice. To obtain evidence of criterion validity and present reference values.

Methods: The study was conducted in three stages: Organization of the material comprising the Word-with-Noise Test (Stage 1); Definition of the instrument's application strategy (Stage 2); Investigation of criterion validity and definition of reference values for the test (Stage 3) through the evaluation of 50 normal-hearing adult subjects and 12 subjects with hearing loss.

Results: The Word-with-Noise Test consists of lists of monosyllabic and disyllabic words and speech spectrum noise (Stage 1). The application strategy for the test was defined as the determination of the Speech Recognition Threshold with a fixed noise level at 55 dBHL (Stage 2). Regarding criterion validity, the instrument demonstrated adequate ability to distinguish between normal-hearing subjects and subjects with hearing loss (Stage 3). Reference values for the test were established as cut-off points expressed in terms of signal-to-noise ratio: 1.47 dB for the monosyllabic stimulus and -2.02 dB for the disyllabic stimulus. Conclusion: The Word-with-Noise Test proved to be quick to administer and interpret, making it a useful tool in audiological clinical practice. Furthermore, it showed satisfactory evidence of criterion validity, with established reference values.

Purpose: To investigate oropharyngeal structures and functions in a pediatric population with Down Syndrome (DS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to correlate with the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and sleep questionnaires.

Methods: 12 Children with DS and OSA, between the age of 4 and 12 years old, underwent polysomnography (PSG); sleep questionnaires, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18 (OSA-18); and speech-language evaluation using the Short Evaluation of Orofacial Myofunctional Protocol (ShOM).

Results: There was a positive correlation between ShoM higher scores and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and between ShoM and the number of hypopneas. The orofacial myofunctional alterations observed in the studied group were: oral breathing, alteration in lip tonus and competence, tongue posture at rest and in swallowing, and occlusal alteration. There was also an increased risk for OSA according to the sleep questionnaires, as well as the presence of obesity and overweight, but without correlation with the severity of OSA.

Conclusion: All DS children show alterations in orofacial characteristics, higher scores being associated to severe OSA. Orofacial myofunctional evaluation may help to identify different phenotypes in Down syndrome children with Obstructive sleep Apnea, enhancing the need for a multidisciplinary approach.

Purpose: To present the content and response process validity evidence of the Speaking in Public Coping of Scale (ECOFAP).

Methods: A methodological study to develop and validate the instrument. It followed the instrument development method with theoretical, empirical, and analytical procedures, based on the validity criteria of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (SEPT). The process of obtaining content validity evidence had two stages: 1) conceptual definition of the construct, based on theoretical precepts of speaking in public and the Motivational Theory of Coping (MTC); 2) developing items and response keys, structuring the instrument, assessment by a committee with 10 specialists, restructuring scale items, and developing the ECOFAP pilot version. Item representativity was analyzed through the item content validity index. The response process was conducted in a single stage with a convenience sample of 30 people with and without difficulties speaking in public, from the campus of a Brazilian university, belonging to various social and professional strata. In this process, the respondents' verbal and nonverbal reactions were qualitatively analyzed.

Results: The initial version of ECOFAP, consisting of 46 items, was evaluated by judges and later reformulated, resulting in a second version with 60 items. This second version was again submitted for expert analysis, and the content validity index per item was calculated. 18 items were excluded, resulting in a third version of 42 items. The validity evidence based on the response processes of the 42-item version was applied to a sample of 30 individuals, resulting in the rewriting of one item and the inclusion of six more items, resulting in the pilot version of ECOFAP with 48 items.

Conclusion: ECOFAP pilot version has items with well-structured semantics and syntactic, representing strategies to cope with speaking in public.

Purpose: To analyze the sensation of pain and the range of mandibular movements of adult individuals with temporomandibular disorder, before and after the application of the athletic tape.

Method: This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial, in which 22 adults with temporomandibular disorder participated, randomly allocated into two groups, with group A comprising 10 women and one man (mean age 28.2±8.3 years) and group B comprising nine women and two men (mean age 26.2±3.9 years). Group A was submitted to the application of the athletic tape on the masseter with 40% stretch and the group B to the application of the athletic tape on the masseter without stretching. All participants underwent the application of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Pain threshold assessment was performed using an algometer to apply pressure to measurement points. The measurement of mandibular movements was performed using a caliper. The athletic tape was glued using the I technique, with a fixed point over the insertion and a movable point over the origin of the masseter muscle. Participants remained with the athletic tape for 24 hours and were re-evaluated.

Results: There was pain relief in the group A in the temporomandibular joint on the right and at the origin of the masseter on the left. The group B showed a reduction in pain in the left anterior temporal region. No differences were found in mandibular movements after intervention, as well as no difference was found in the comparison by groups.

Conclusion: The use of the athletic tape over the masseter muscle, with stretching, for 24 hours produced relief from the sensation of pain, on the origin of the right masseter and in the right temporomandibular joint, and, without stretching, in the left anterior temporal muscle. There was no difference in the range of mandibular movements.