Social Influence最新文献

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Ethical defaults: which transparency components can increase the effectiveness of default nudges? 道德默认:哪些透明度成分可以提高默认推动的有效性?

IF 1.7 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Influence

Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1675755

Yavor Paunov, M. Wänke, Tobias Vogel

ABSTRACT Default options have been successfully utilized in influencing behavior across multiple domains. Recent empirical evidence advocated the induction of transparency to default interventions as an effective tool for increasing policy compliance. However, the roles of the different transparency components in achieving the effect remain unexplored. In an experimental study, we measured the effects of three different transparency disclosures on default effectiveness. The default’s target behavior, the default’s purpose, and the way defaults work were disclosed in separate conditions. Our results show that transparency significantly increases compliance to the default nudge. In addition, we provide an insight as to which transparency components are most effective in boosting the default effect.

默认选项已经成功地用于影响跨多个领域的行为。最近的经验证据主张将透明度引入默认干预措施，作为提高政策遵从性的有效工具。然而，不同的透明度成分在实现这种效果中的作用仍未被探索。在一项实验研究中，我们测量了三种不同的透明度披露对违约有效性的影响。默认的目标行为、默认的目的和默认的工作方式在不同的条件下公开。我们的结果表明，透明度显著提高了对默认助推的遵从性。此外，我们还提供了关于哪些透明度组件在增强默认效果方面最有效的见解。

引用次数: 22

Political identity moderates the effect of watchful eyes on voter mobilization: A reply to Matland and Murray (2019) 政治认同调节了警惕的眼睛对选民动员的影响:对Matland和Murray的回复(2019)

IF 1.7 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Influence

Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1698123

Costas Panagopoulos, S. van der Linden

ABSTRACT Matland and Murray (2019) reanalyze three of their previous field experiments and fail to reproduce the finding reported in Panagopoulos and van der Linden (2016) that political identity moderates the watchful eye effect on voter mobilization in elections. We highlight several concerns with their empirical approach, including lack of power and between-study differences, that lead us to conclude that the authors offer little evidence against partisan heterogeneity. By contrast, closer inspection and additional analyses of the data reported in Panagopoulos and van der Linden (2016) only reinforce our original conclusion that partisanship moderates voter responsiveness to watchful eyes. Specifically, Republicans appear to be more susceptible to watchful eyes compared to Democrats in the context of voting in elections.

Matland和Murray(2019)重新分析了他们之前的三个实地实验，但未能重现Panagopoulos和van der Linden(2016)报告的发现，即政治认同调节了选举中选民动员的观察眼效应。我们强调了他们的实证方法的几个问题，包括缺乏权力和研究之间的差异，这导致我们得出结论，作者几乎没有提供反对党派异质性的证据。相比之下，对Panagopoulos和van der Linden(2016)报告的数据进行更仔细的检查和额外的分析只会强化我们最初的结论，即党派关系会缓和选民对观察的反应。具体来说，在选举投票中，共和党人似乎比民主党人更容易受到监视。

引用次数: 0

Watching eyes and partisan mobilization: A rejoinder to Panagopoulos and van der Linden 注视的目光和党派动员:对帕纳哥普洛斯和范德林登的反驳

IF 1.7 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Influence

Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1696224

G. Murray

ABSTRACT This rejoinder addresses concerns raised by Panagopoulos and van der Linden about replication studies of their work conducted by Matland and Murray and published in this journal.Specifically, it offers counterarguments grounded in a broader view of the evidence to the assertion and findings that watching eyes stimuli more effectively mobilize Republican/conservative identifiers to vote than Democratic/liberal identifiers. It concludes that the overall evidence generated by the original and replication research is inconclusive at best.

本文回应了Panagopoulos和van der Linden提出的关于Matland和Murray在本杂志上发表的对他们工作的重复研究的担忧。具体地说，它提供了一个基于更广泛的证据观点的反驳，以证明观察眼睛刺激比民主党/自由派标识更有效地动员共和党/保守派标识投票的主张和发现。它的结论是，原始和复制研究产生的总体证据充其量是不确定的。

引用次数: 1

Threatened suicide and baiting crowd formation: a replication and extension of Mann (1981) 威胁自杀与诱导群体形成:对Mann(1981)的复制与延伸

IF 1.7 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Influence

Pub Date : 2019-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1669488

Christine M. Smith, Paulina W. Dzik, Errin Fornicola

ABSTRACT Using the lens of Deindividuation Theory, Leon Mann explored the formation of baiting crowds in a small sample of public suicides/suicide attempts. Instead of attempting to prevent the suicide, baiting crowds encourage the victim to jump. Our aim was to replicate Mann's study with a larger more diverse sample of suicide attempts and a broadened theoretical lens (Frustration-Aggression). Using ProQuest, we identified 152 public suicide attempts reported in English language newspapers and failed to replicate Mann’s findings. Rather, baiting crowd formation was associated with variables that increase crowd frustration (e.g., duration of the event, blocked traffic, cordoned off pedestrian walkways). Finally, we failed to find an association between the presence of a baiting crowd and the suicidal individual ultimately jumping.

摘要:里昂·曼利用去个性化理论的视角，在一个公众自杀/企图自杀的小样本中探讨了诱饵人群的形成。而不是试图阻止自杀，引诱人群鼓励受害者跳下去。我们的目标是用更大更多样化的自杀企图样本和更广泛的理论视角(挫折-攻击)来复制曼恩的研究。使用ProQuest，我们确定了英语报纸上报道的152例公众自杀企图，但未能复制Mann的发现。相反，诱导人群形成与增加人群挫败感的变量有关(例如，事件持续时间、交通阻塞、封锁行人通道)。最后，我们没能找到诱饵人群的存在和自杀个体最终跳下去之间的联系。

引用次数: 4

‘Heroes aren’t always so great!’ – Heroic perceptions under mortality salience “英雄并不总是那么伟大!”——死亡凸显下的英雄感知

IF 1.7 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Influence

Pub Date : 2019-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1656668

Simon Schindler, Stefan Pfattheicher, Marc-André Reinhard, J. Greenberg

ABSTRACT According to terror management theory, in a first study (N = 80), we tested the hypothesis that heroic perceptions of historic heroes would become more positive under mortality salience. Results, however, showed the opposite effect – heroic perceptions were less positive. To explain this unexpected finding, we referred to a social comparison perspective, assuming comparisons with a hero are likely to be unfavorable for one’s self-esteem. Two further (pre-registered) studies were conducted to test this idea. Mortality salience effects in Study 2 (N = 615) were not significant. However, using an improved experimental procedure in Study 3 (N = 600), heroic perceptions were indeed significantly less positive under MS, especially for participants with low trait self-esteem and low social comparison orientation.

摘要根据恐惧管理理论，在第一项研究中(N = 80)，我们检验了历史英雄的英雄认知在死亡率显著性下变得更积极的假设。然而，结果却显示出相反的效果——对英雄的看法不那么积极。为了解释这一意想不到的发现，我们参考了社会比较的观点，假设与英雄的比较可能对一个人的自尊不利。为了验证这一观点，进行了另外两项(预先注册的)研究。研究2 (N = 615)的死亡率显著性效应不显著。然而，在研究3 (N = 600)中，使用改进的实验程序，MS下的英雄感知确实显着降低，特别是对于低特质自尊和低社会比较取向的参与者。

引用次数: 5

Communicating highly divergent levels of scientific and social consensus: its effects on people’s scientific beliefs 沟通高度分歧的科学和社会共识:它对人们科学信仰的影响

IF 1.7 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Influence

Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1650105

Keiichi Kobayashi

ABSTRACT This study examined the impact of presenting scientific and social consensus information together on people’s scientific beliefs when the two types of consensus information contradict each other. Japanese adults (N = 1,518) received information about high scientific consensus and low social consensus on the safety of genetically modified (GM) foods, information only about high scientific consensus, information only about low social consensus, or no consensus information. The presentation of only scientific or social consensus information had no effect on participants’ beliefs about the safety of GM foods, whereas the simultaneous presentation of scientific and social consensus information improved their beliefs in some degree. The effect of presenting scientific and social consensus information together was mediated by perceived scientific consensus.

摘要本研究考察了在科学共识信息与社会共识信息相互矛盾的情况下，科学共识信息与社会共识信息同时呈现对人们科学信念的影响。日本成年人(N = 1518)对转基因食品的安全性获得了高科学共识和低社会共识、高科学共识信息、低社会共识信息和无共识信息。仅提供科学或社会共识信息对参与者对转基因食品安全性的信念没有影响，而同时提供科学和社会共识信息在一定程度上改善了他们的信念。同时呈现科学和社会共识信息的效果通过感知科学共识来调节。

引用次数: 4

The power of pupils in predicting conforming behavior 学生预测顺从行为的能力

IF 1.7 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Influence

Pub Date : 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1637775

Marco Brambilla, Marco Biella, Mariska E. Kret

ABSTRACT

During social interactions, people look into each other’s eyes to grasp emotional signals. Accordingly, prior research has shown that the eyes reveal social messages that influence interpersonal communication. Here, we tested whether variations in a subtle eye signal – pupil size – influence people’s conforming behavior. Participants performed an estimation task in light of the estimation provided by another individual whose pupil size had been manipulated. The distance between the two estimations was taken as an index of spontaneous conformity. Results revealed that participants conformed more strongly toward individuals with large pupils than toward individuals with small or medium pupils. These findings suggest that pupil size is a source of social influence that impacts upon spontaneous interpersonal conducts.

摘要在社会交往中，人们通过注视对方的眼睛来捕捉情感信号。因此，先前的研究表明，眼睛揭示了影响人际交往的社会信息。在这里，我们测试了一个微妙的眼睛信号——瞳孔大小——的变化是否会影响人们的顺从行为。参与者根据另一个瞳孔大小被操纵的人提供的估计完成了一项估计任务。两个估计之间的距离作为自发一致性的指标。结果显示，参与者对瞳孔大的人比对瞳孔小或中大小的人更顺从。这些发现表明，瞳孔大小是影响自发人际行为的社会影响的一个来源。

引用次数: 1

The “that’s-not-all” compliance-gaining technique: when does it work? “那不是全部”的获得遵从性的技巧:它什么时候起作用?

IF 1.7 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Influence

Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1634146

Seyoung Lee, Shin-Il Moon, T. Feeley

ABSTRACT The that’s-not-all (TNA) compliance-gaining technique offers a product at an initial price and then improves the deal by either lowering the price or adding an extra product before the target responds to the final and adjusted offer. A meta-analysis with 18 comparisons examining the effectiveness of the TNA strategy found that the technique is a reliable method for increasing compliance (r = .16). Moderator analyses showed that the technique is effective when the purchase of a product is requested, when the price of a product offered in the final request is lower, and when the concession size is not too large. It is argued that the principles of hedonic editing and mindlessness account for the TNA effect.

“那不是全部”(TNA)合规获取技术以初始价格提供产品，然后在目标客户对最终调整后的报价做出反应之前，通过降低价格或增加额外的产品来改善交易。一项包含18项比较的荟萃分析检查了TNA策略的有效性，发现该技术是提高依从性的可靠方法(r = 0.16)。调节分析表明，当要求购买产品时，当最终请求提供的产品价格较低时，当让步规模不太大时，该技术是有效的。本文认为，快乐编辑原则和无意识原则解释了TNA效应。

引用次数: 3

Creating sanctioning norms in the lab: the influence of descriptive norms in third-party punishment 创建实验室制裁规范:描述性规范对第三方惩罚的影响

IF 1.7 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Influence

Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1641147

Giannis Lois, M. Wessa

ABSTRACT Third-party punishment is a form of peer-to-peer sanctioning that is influenced by descriptive norms. The present study aims to investigate how aggregate peer punishment and the presence of a free rider who never punishes influences the formation of third-party punishment norms. Participants were exposed to social feedback indicating either low, high, or high & free rider peer punishment. Over time, participants conformed to average peer punishment leading to the emergence and persistence of different sanctioning norms in each group. The presence of one free rider significantly reduced the average punishment and increased the frequency of free riding behavior. These findings highlight the critical role of descriptive norms and suggest the presence of a ‘bad apple’ effect in third-party punishment.

第三方惩罚是一种受描述性规范影响的点对点制裁形式。本研究旨在探讨同伴惩罚总量和搭便车者的存在如何影响第三方惩罚规范的形成。参与者暴露在社会反馈中，这些反馈表明了低、高或高的同伴惩罚。随着时间的推移，参与者服从平均同伴惩罚，导致每组中出现并持续存在不同的制裁规范。一个搭便车者的存在显著降低了平均惩罚，增加了搭便车行为的频率。这些发现强调了描述性规范的关键作用，并表明在第三方惩罚中存在“坏苹果”效应。

引用次数: 2

A second look at partisanship’s effect on receptivity to social pressure to vote 党派之争对社会投票压力接受度的影响再看一遍

IF 1.7 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Influence

Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2019.1572536

Richard E. Matland, G. Murray

ABSTRACT Social pressure can exert a powerful, but sometimes counterproductive, influence on compliance with the social norm of voting. Scholars have tested several implicit social pressure techniques to reduce negative reactions to these methods. Among the most innovative is the use of ‘watching eyes’ in voter mobilization messages. Using three large randomized field experiments, this study attempts to reproduce Panagopoulos and van der Linden’s finding that political partisanship moderates the effect of watching eyes messages on voter turnout. Our findings diverge from previous findings statistically and substantively and indicate partisanship may have limited influence on the effectiveness of watching eyes in mobilizing voters.

社会压力可以对遵守投票的社会规范产生强大的，但有时适得其反的影响。学者们已经测试了几种隐性社会压力技术，以减少对这些方法的负面反应。其中最具创新性的是在选民动员信息中使用“注视的眼睛”。通过三个大型随机现场实验，本研究试图重现Panagopoulos和van der Linden的发现，即政治党派关系缓和了注视眼睛信息对选民投票率的影响。我们的研究结果在统计上和实质上与以前的研究结果不同，并表明党派关系可能对动员选民的眼睛的有效性影响有限。

引用次数: 2

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