Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology最新文献

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a condition marked by elevated blood pressure during pregnancy, posing serious risks to both maternal and perinatal health, including increased mortality. Due to the safety concerns and side effects of current treatments for PIH, the search for new therapeutic agents is urgently needed. This study aimed to develop a β-cyclodextrin-functionalized sodium alginate (β-CD/SA) nanocarrier co-encapsulated with Naringenin (NR) to enhance its therapeutic potential. The β-CD/SA@NR nanocarriers were synthesized using ionic gelation and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM, revealing a mean particle size of 142.6 ± 8.3 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 68.4 ± 3.1%. A total of sixty pregnant mice were randomly assigned to five groups, with seven mice in each group (n = 7): control, PIH model, NR, β-CD/SA, and β-CD/SA@NR nanocarrier. Treatment with β-CD/SA@NR significantly reduced systolic blood pressure from 163.7 ± 5.2 mmHg to 123.5 ± 4.1 mmHg (p < 0.001), decreased urinary protein from 2.91 ± 0.27 mg/mL to 1.12 ± 0.13 mg/mL (p < 0.01), and increased fetal weights by 28.4% compared to the PIH group. Moreover, β-CD/SA@NR treatment downregulated JAK2 and STAT3 expression by 64.7% and 58.3%, respectively (p < 0.001), along with a significant reduction in IL-6 and TNF-α levels. These results indicate that β-CD/SA@NR nanocarriers effectively manage PIH by delivering NR to suppress JAK/STAT3 signaling, highlighting their translational potential as a safe maternal-fetal therapeutic strategy.

The ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvents (DES) method was used to extract the polysaccharides from Abri Herba(AHPs), and the extraction process was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: the molar ratio of choline chloride and urea of 1:3, water content of DES of 70%, ultrasonic temperature of 61 °C, ultrasonic time of 58 min and the ratio of liquid to solid of 50 mL/g. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of AHPs reached 8.49 ± 0.34%. After purification of AHPs using a DEAE-52 cellulose column, the fraction designated as AHPs-1 displayed a single symmetrical peak. The molecular weight (M_W) of AHPs-1 was determined to be 4.74 × 10⁴ Da by HPSEC-MALLS-RID chromatography system, with a narrow polydispersity index of 1.89, confirming its homogeneous nature. FT-IR spectra demonstrated typical characteristic peaks of polysaccharides, while Congo red assay ruled out a triple-helix structure. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that AHPs-1 exhibited a rough surface morphology with irregular granular protuberances. Hypoglycemic activity assays demonstrated significant inhibitory effects of AHPs-1 on both α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Therefore, this study establishes an efficient DES-based extraction method for AHPs and identifies AHPs-1 as a potential hypoglycemic agent for functional foods and pharmaceuticals.

Fats and oils are pillars of human nutrition, with oilseeds being the primary source of oil and constituting more than 75% of the world's lipid consumption. The oil extraction methods employed are microwave-assisted extraction, enzyme-aided extraction, solvent extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Nevertheless, these traditional methods face challenges such as low yields, inefficiency, and detrimental residues from organic solvents, resulting in lower extract quality. The popularity of mechanically pressed oils is increasing because of their relatively high concentration of bioactive compounds and the superior quality they offer. The combination of enzymatic pretreatment followed by mechanical extraction improved the yield and efficiency of oil extraction. Compared with traditional methods, enzyme-assisted extraction is a time-efficient process that reduces solvent use. Several quality parameters, such as the free fatty acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, and phospholipid content, were measured for the oils. In this study, enzyme-assisted mechanical pressure extraction was used to optimize the extraction of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed oil, which was then characterized and analyzed via GC-MS and relevant statistical tools for quality assurance.

In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were developed using Laurus nobilis (LN) leaf extract, and their cytotoxic and antimigratory effects were evaluated in vitro to investigate their potential in cancer treatment and wound healing. AuNPs were synthesized by green reduction of HAuCl₄ using LN extract at room temperature. Characterization was carried out by UV-Vis, TEM, SEM, EDX, FTIR and DLS. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay in four cancer cell lines: A549, MDA-MB-231, SH-SY5Y, and L929. An in vitro wound healing assay using A549 cells was conducted to assess the antimigratory effects. Statistical analysis included IC₅₀ values, effect size (Cohen's d), AUC, and non-parametric testing. LN-AuNPs showed a sharp plasmon resonance peak (~ 540 nm), narrow size distribution (~ 69 nm), and minimal aggregation. Spectral and elemental data confirmed phytochemical-mediated reduction. LN-AuNPs significantly decreased cell viability in all tested lines, with the lowest IC₅₀ observed in L929 cells (0.02 µg/mL). All groups exhibited large effect sizes and statistical significance. Additionally, LN-AuNPs markedly inhibited cell migration in A549 cells, confirming their antimigratory potential. This is the first study to report both cytotoxic and wound-healing-inhibitory effects of LN-AuNPs. The findings highlight LN-AuNPs as promising green-synthesized nanoplatforms for integrated cancer treatment and regenerative medicine applications.

As one of the important derivatives of D-glucose, Glucosamine (GlcN) is an amino monosaccharide with various biological activities. GlcN has functions such as enhancing immunity, antioxidation, and antibacterial effects, and it is particularly well known for its role in the treatment of osteoarthritis. This also gives GlcN broad application prospects in the fields of healthcare, food production, and cosmetics, with its global market size projected to exceed 10 billion USD by 2028. As demand grows, its efficient industrial production has been attracting increasing attention. Here, we systematically introduce the functions, raw material sources, metabolic pathways, detection methods, and applications of GlcN in various countries. Particularly, we delve into the strategies for high-yield biosynthesis of GlcN/GlcNAc using metabolically engineered microorganisms, with the highest reported titer reaching 179.7 g/L. This comprehensive overview aims to help readers gain a better understanding of GlcN and explore its potential commercial value and product applications.

Food waste is a global concern, necessitating sustainable management strategies. While fermentation offers a promising approach to valorizing food waste, studies about microbial dynamics and functionality assessment of semi-controlled naturally fermented food waste are still seldom. This study employed whole-genome metagenomic sequencing to investigate the microbial succession and functional pathways during natural fermentation of food waste over 15 days. Physicochemical analysis revealed that pH decreased from 5.20 to 4.32 on day 3 and then neutralized. Protein, lipids, and carbohydrate were in the range of 4.03-4.90%, 9.99-17.78%, and 85.44-77.84%, respectively. Taxonomic profiling revealed clear community restructuring from an initially diverse consortium dominated by Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter (collectively > 45% relative abundance at day 0) to a highly specialized lactic acid bacteria (LAB) community (> 80% by day 15). Lactobacillus helveticus and Limosilactobacillus panis emerged as the late-stage co-dominant species, together accounting for 60-75% of the total reads. Functional annotation based on the PFAM, eggNOG, GO, and EC databases revealed a progressive reduction in gene family richness and metabolic breadth, with early samples being enriched in carbohydrate-active enzymes, membrane transporters, and amino acid metabolism pathways. By contrast, late-stage communities were dominated by LAB-associated fermentative functions, including lactate and acetate production, stress-response modules, and transport systems supporting acid tolerance, driven mainly by Lactobacillus, Weissella, Streptococcus, Gluconobacter, Aeromonas, Saccharomyces, Klebsiella, and Cronobacter. These findings provide insights into the microbial dynamics and functional adaptations during natural fermentation of food waste, contributing to the development of optimized waste valorization strategies.

Carotenoids act as the precursors of vitamin A and natural antioxidants, which benefit human health. The APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF), as a transcription factor family, involved in various biological processes of higher plants, such as playing a key role in regulation of effective carotenoid accumulation. Several reports showed that plant's AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) could response to various stresses, plant morphogenesis, hormone signal transduction and metabolite regulation. Nevertheless, the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of AP2/ERF TF in marine microalga Dunaliella parva (D. parva) has been much more limited, which remains to be elucidated. Here, DpAP2 gene belonging to AP2/ERF family was identified in D. parva. To reveal the function of DpAP2, the targets of DpAP2 were identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing. The results showed that 902 DpAP2-binding genes were identified by ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that these binding genes were related to RNA transport, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, fatty acid metabolism and other functions. Most of these identified genes were reported to involve in carotenoid biosynthesis. In addition, DpAP2-regulated target genes participated in carbohydrate metabolism (including starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle) to improve the production of carotenoid. DpAP2-regulated target genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis (such as Z-ISO, CRTISO and AOG) to promote the content of carotenoids. The studies of DpAP2 in D. parva will provide an important foundation for a deep understanding of the regulatory mechanism and microalgal breeding.

The present investigation aims to synthesis calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) by extract of Ficus religiosa bark using calcium nitrate as a precursor via eco-friendly and simple method. The synthesized CaO NPs were characterized with the help of UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The cytotoxicity of as synthesized CaO NPs was determined by MTT assay on L929 fibroblast cell lines. Wound scratch assay was performed to find the wound healing potential of as synthesized CaO NPs. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of as synthesized CaO NPs was studied using agar well diffusion method. The effective synthesis of CaO NPs was performed using the bark extract of F. religiosa as a capping and reducing agents. The formation of CaO NPs was proved by UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis, where the spectrum displayed absorption peaks at 224 nm and 248 nm. XRD pattern, SEM image and EDX spectrum revealed the formation of crystalline nature, spherical shape with average particle size of 50 nm and high purity CaO NPs. TGA spectrum confirmed the occurrence of 30% weight loss in CaO NPs. Anti-bacterial assay showed a high inhibition against Bacillus subtilis. MTT assay revealed that 20 µg of CaO NPs had less cytotoxicity (9.83%) while 100 µg of CaO NPs had 24.9% of cytotoxicity. CaO NPs held potent wound healing properties in the L929 cell lines. The study concludes that the synthesized CaO NPs are less toxic and possess wound healing potency. The green synthesized CaO NPs have significant biomedical applications including inhibit the microbial infections and could be used to formulate a new wound healing drug.