Multinational Business Review最新文献_第2页

Propagating a permanent war economy? U.S. FDI in warring host countries 推动永久战争经济？美国对交战东道国的外国直接投资

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q3 BUSINESS

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-12-2022-0202

Li Dai, Yongsun Paik

Purpose

Conventional wisdom suggests that war in the host country makes it unattractive for foreign firms to invest. To see if this is true for US firms on the aggregate, this paper aims to examine the veracity of a “permanent war economy” hypothesis, that foreign direct investment (FDI) may, in fact, increase in the host country not despite, but because of, war, i.e. one that lends credence to the idea that, in the USA, “defense [has] become one of constant preparation for future wars and foreign interventions rather than an exercise in response to one-off threats.”

Design/methodology/approach

The authors test the hypotheses using Generalized Method of Moments estimation, with Heckman Selection, on US FDI data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and war data from the Correlates of War2 Project, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program/International Peace Research Institute data set, the International Crisis Behavior Project and the Center for Systemic Peace Major Episodes of Political Violence data set. The final sample consists of 351 country-year observations in 55 host countries from 1982 to 2006.

Findings

The findings indicate that overall US FDI in a host country in a given year decreases if the host country is engaged in wars with multiple countries and if the US Government is involved in the war. Most notably, the results show that US involvement in multiple host country wars is actually correlated with increased US FDI into the host country, providing empirical support for the “permanent war economy” hypothesis.

Originality/value

While other studies have focused on war and FDI, the authors have sought to show the impact of the involvement of arguably the most influential country, i.e. the USA, in the sovereign matters of a focal host country. By studying FDI from the USA as a function of US involvement in wars overseas, over the years with the greatest use of private military companies by the USA and the largest portion of global FDI accounted for by the USA, this work motivates a research agenda on home-host-"other” relations in the context of war and FDI, with the “other” being the supranational “elephant in the room.”

目的传统观点认为，东道国的战争会使外国公司失去投资吸引力。本文旨在研究 "永久战争经济 "假说的真实性，即外国直接投资（FDI）事实上可能会增加，而不是不顾战争，而是因为战争，也就是证明美国 "国防[已]成为为未来战争和外国干预不断做准备的过程，而不是应对一次性威胁的过程 "的观点。"设计/方法/途径作者利用经济分析局（Bureau of Economic Analysis）的美国外国直接投资数据和战争相关因素2 项目（Correlates of War2 Project）的战争数据、乌普萨拉冲突数据计划/国际和平研究所数据集、国际危机行为项目和系统和平中心（Center for Systemic Peace）的主要政治暴力事件数据集，使用广义矩估计法（Generalized Method of Moments Estimation）和赫克曼选择法（Heckman Selection）对假设进行了检验。研究结果研究结果表明，如果东道国与多个国家发生战争，而且美国政府参与了战争，那么美国在特定年份对该东道国的总体外国直接投资就会减少。最值得注意的是，研究结果表明，美国卷入多个东道国的战争实际上与美国对东道国外国直接投资的增加相关，这为 "永久战争经济 "假说提供了实证支持。原创性/价值虽然其他研究主要关注战争和外国直接投资，但作者试图说明可谓最具影响力的国家（即美国）卷入重点东道国主权事务的影响。通过研究美国的外国直接投资与美国卷入海外战争的函数关系，以及多年来美国对私营军事公司的最大利用和美国在全球外国直接投资中所占的最大份额，这项工作推动了在战争和外国直接投资背景下的母国-东道国-"他国 "关系的研究议程，而 "他国 "就是超国家的 "房间里的大象"。

{"title":"Propagating a permanent war economy? U.S. FDI in warring host countries","authors":"Li Dai, Yongsun Paik","doi":"10.1108/mbr-12-2022-0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mbr-12-2022-0202","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Conventional wisdom suggests that war in the host country makes it unattractive for foreign firms to invest. To see if this is true for US firms on the aggregate, this paper aims to examine the veracity of a “permanent war economy” hypothesis, that foreign direct investment (FDI) may, in fact, increase in the host country not despite, but because of, war, i.e. one that lends credence to the idea that, in the USA, “defense [has] become one of constant preparation for future wars and foreign interventions rather than an exercise in response to one-off threats.”</p>\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The authors test the hypotheses using Generalized Method of Moments estimation, with Heckman Selection, on US FDI data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and war data from the Correlates of War2 Project, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program/International Peace Research Institute data set, the International Crisis Behavior Project and the Center for Systemic Peace Major Episodes of Political Violence data set. The final sample consists of 351 country-year observations in 55 host countries from 1982 to 2006.</p>\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The findings indicate that overall US FDI in a host country in a given year decreases if the host country is engaged in wars with multiple countries and if the US Government is involved in the war. Most notably, the results show that US involvement in multiple host country wars is actually correlated with increased US FDI into the host country, providing empirical support for the “permanent war economy” hypothesis.</p>\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>While other studies have focused on war and FDI, the authors have sought to show the impact of the involvement of arguably the most influential country, i.e. the USA, in the sovereign matters of a focal host country. By studying FDI from the USA as a function of US involvement in wars overseas, over the years with the greatest use of private military companies by the USA and the largest portion of global FDI accounted for by the USA, this work motivates a research agenda on home-host-\"other” relations in the context of war and FDI, with the “other” being the supranational “elephant in the room.”</p>","PeriodicalId":46630,"journal":{"name":"Multinational Business Review","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139414968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Internationalization and firm performance: moderating role of multi-stakeholder initiatives 国际化与企业绩效:多利益相关者倡议的调节作用

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q3 BUSINESS

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-10-2022-0168

Sang-Bum Park

PurposePrevious scholars have assumed that multinational enterprises (MNEs) can reduce the liability of foreignness and increase profitability by investing in corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, empirical validation of this assumption has rarely been attempted. This study aims to provide empirical evidence that the adoption of multi-stakeholder initiatives, which are globally recognized as signals of CSR, helps MNEs increase profits from internationalization.Design/methodology/approachFixed effect models, which address model misspecification problems, and instrumental variable estimation, which controls for the endogeneity in firms’ choice of internationalization, offer empirical evidence supporting the moderating effects of global multi-stakeholder initiatives on the relationship between internationalization and firm performance.FindingsThis study examines the moderating role of multi-stakeholder initiatives in the relationship between internationalization and firm performance, drawing on signaling and stakeholder theories. The results suggest that the signaling effect of multi-stakeholder initiatives can help MNEs overcome the liability of foreignness and, therefore, profit from overseas markets.Originality/valueAlthough the internationalization–firm performance relationship has been a subject of debate in the field of international business, the role of firms’ stakeholder engagement in this relationship has been largely overlooked in previous studies. In this study, the authors explore the impact of multi-stakeholder initiatives on the internationalization–firm performance relationship. Our primary contention is that multi-stakeholder initiatives have moderating effects on this relationship by reducing the liability of foreignness experienced by MNEs in host countries. Furthermore, the findings suggest that active engagement in multi-stakeholder initiatives significantly contributes to the financial success of MNEs as they internationalize.

以往学者认为，跨国企业可以通过投资于企业社会责任(CSR)来减少外来负担，提高盈利能力。然而，很少有人尝试对这一假设进行实证验证。本研究旨在提供实证证据，证明采用被全球公认为企业社会责任信号的多利益相关者倡议有助于跨国公司从国际化中增加利润。设计/方法/方法固定效应模型(解决模型错配问题)和工具变量估计(控制企业国际化选择的内生性)提供了经验证据，支持全球多利益相关者倡议对国际化与企业绩效之间关系的调节作用。本研究利用信号理论和利益相关者理论，探讨了多利益相关者倡议在国际化与企业绩效关系中的调节作用。结果表明，多利益相关者倡议的信号效应可以帮助跨国公司克服外国责任，从而从海外市场获利。虽然国际化与企业绩效的关系一直是国际商业领域争论的主题，但在以往的研究中，企业利益相关者参与在这一关系中的作用在很大程度上被忽视了。在本研究中，作者探讨了多利益相关者倡议对国际化与企业绩效关系的影响。我们的主要论点是，多方利益相关者倡议通过减少跨国公司在东道国经历的外国责任，对这种关系具有调节作用。此外，研究结果表明，积极参与多方利益相关者倡议对跨国公司在国际化过程中的财务成功有重要贡献。

{"title":"Internationalization and firm performance: moderating role of multi-stakeholder initiatives","authors":"Sang-Bum Park","doi":"10.1108/mbr-10-2022-0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mbr-10-2022-0168","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Previous scholars have assumed that multinational enterprises (MNEs) can reduce the liability of foreignness and increase profitability by investing in corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, empirical validation of this assumption has rarely been attempted. This study aims to provide empirical evidence that the adoption of multi-stakeholder initiatives, which are globally recognized as signals of CSR, helps MNEs increase profits from internationalization.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Fixed effect models, which address model misspecification problems, and instrumental variable estimation, which controls for the endogeneity in firms’ choice of internationalization, offer empirical evidence supporting the moderating effects of global multi-stakeholder initiatives on the relationship between internationalization and firm performance.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This study examines the moderating role of multi-stakeholder initiatives in the relationship between internationalization and firm performance, drawing on signaling and stakeholder theories. The results suggest that the signaling effect of multi-stakeholder initiatives can help MNEs overcome the liability of foreignness and, therefore, profit from overseas markets.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Although the internationalization–firm performance relationship has been a subject of debate in the field of international business, the role of firms’ stakeholder engagement in this relationship has been largely overlooked in previous studies. In this study, the authors explore the impact of multi-stakeholder initiatives on the internationalization–firm performance relationship. Our primary contention is that multi-stakeholder initiatives have moderating effects on this relationship by reducing the liability of foreignness experienced by MNEs in host countries. Furthermore, the findings suggest that active engagement in multi-stakeholder initiatives significantly contributes to the financial success of MNEs as they internationalize.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46630,"journal":{"name":"Multinational Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44519254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ambiguity and limitations of measuring firm-level multinationality: a theoretical and empirical exploration 衡量公司层面多国性的模糊性与局限性:理论与实证探索

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q3 BUSINESS

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-09-2022-0137

Patrik Vaněk

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the ambiguity and limitations of measuring firm-level multinationality (FLM) using theoretical and empirical comparisons of existing methods. The paper puts forward a list of five key aspects that collectively serve as a tool for researchers to select the most appropriate method for future research and as a basis for the future development of methods.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the author reviews existing methods of measuring FLM and consolidates findings into five key aspects. Secondly, the author uses the aspects to compare existing methods theoretically, and subsequently, the author groups them into three distinct streams. Thirdly, the author compares existing methods across a sample of the 35 largest European MNEs by sales in 2020 to identify and demonstrate the ambiguity and limitations of these methods.FindingsThe author identifies the five key aspects of measuring FLM: framework, aggregation, segmentation, metrics and indicators. Using empirical comparison, the author empirically confirms the limitations highlighted in the literature and shows the differences and inconsistencies among methods, which cause confusion rather than clarity in the extant literature. Additionally, the author emphasises that three distinct streams further drive the debate on the regional/global nature and present further limitations of methods not mentioned in the literature to date.Originality/valueThis paper provides the most comprehensive review of the existing literature on FLM, resulting in five novel aspects of measuring FLM. The analysis of a sample of 35 European firms demonstrates and identifies the ambiguity and limitations of FLM-measuring methods.

目的通过对现有方法的理论和实证比较，探讨衡量企业层面跨国性的模糊性和局限性。本文列出了五个关键方面，这些方面共同作为研究人员选择未来研究最合适方法的工具，并作为方法未来发展的基础。设计/方法论/方法首先，作者回顾了现有的FLM测量方法，并将研究结果整合为五个关键方面。其次，作者利用这些方面对现有的方法进行了理论比较，并将其分为三个不同的流。第三，作者比较了2020年欧洲销售额最大的35家跨国公司的现有方法，以确定和证明这些方法的模糊性和局限性。发现作者确定了衡量FLM的五个关键方面：框架、聚合、细分、度量和指标。通过实证比较，作者实证地证实了文献中强调的局限性，并显示了方法之间的差异和不一致，这导致了现存文献的混乱而非清晰。此外，作者强调，三个不同的流进一步推动了关于区域/全球性质的辩论，并对迄今为止文献中未提及的方法提出了进一步的限制。原创性/价值本文对现有的FLM文献进行了最全面的综述，得出了衡量FLM的五个新颖方面。对35家欧洲公司样本的分析表明并确定了FLM测量方法的模糊性和局限性。

{"title":"The ambiguity and limitations of measuring firm-level multinationality: a theoretical and empirical exploration","authors":"Patrik Vaněk","doi":"10.1108/mbr-09-2022-0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mbr-09-2022-0137","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to explore the ambiguity and limitations of measuring firm-level multinationality (FLM) using theoretical and empirical comparisons of existing methods. The paper puts forward a list of five key aspects that collectively serve as a tool for researchers to select the most appropriate method for future research and as a basis for the future development of methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Firstly, the author reviews existing methods of measuring FLM and consolidates findings into five key aspects. Secondly, the author uses the aspects to compare existing methods theoretically, and subsequently, the author groups them into three distinct streams. Thirdly, the author compares existing methods across a sample of the 35 largest European MNEs by sales in 2020 to identify and demonstrate the ambiguity and limitations of these methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The author identifies the five key aspects of measuring FLM: framework, aggregation, segmentation, metrics and indicators. Using empirical comparison, the author empirically confirms the limitations highlighted in the literature and shows the differences and inconsistencies among methods, which cause confusion rather than clarity in the extant literature. Additionally, the author emphasises that three distinct streams further drive the debate on the regional/global nature and present further limitations of methods not mentioned in the literature to date.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper provides the most comprehensive review of the existing literature on FLM, resulting in five novel aspects of measuring FLM. The analysis of a sample of 35 European firms demonstrates and identifies the ambiguity and limitations of FLM-measuring methods.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46630,"journal":{"name":"Multinational Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49164305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Striking a balance? Finance perspectives on international business research 取得平衡?国际商业研究的金融视角

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q3 BUSINESS

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-06-2023-0094

Jakob Müllner, I. Filatotchev, Thomas Lindner

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to bridge the disciplinary divide between international finance and international business (IB) to realign academic research with business reality in which strategy and finance align to determine firms’ success or failures.Design/methodology/approachThe authors discuss theoretical differences between the fields of international finance and IB strategy that caused the fields to develop in isolation with little fertilization across disciplines. The authors review scarce interdisciplinary contributions between the fields. Finally, the authors identify complementarities that suggest fruitful avenues for future research.FindingsThe authors find a persistent disconnect between finance and strategy/IB literature that can be explained by fundamentally different aims and assumptions about the markets. While finance theory seeks to explain typical effects under functioning markets, strategy and IB theories focus inherently on exceptional effects and market inefficiencies.Research limitations/implicationsThe fundamental theoretical differences that isolate finance and strategy/IB create avenues for interdisciplinary research that harness the complementarities of the two disciplines. These include strategic aspects of capital structure, internal capital market inefficiencies, corporate governance, capital market liability of foreignness and institutional aspects of financial management.Practical implicationsWith this paper, the authors not only bring academic researchers in finance and strategy closer to corporate practice. The theoretical discussion also challenges the functional blind spots of practitioners and encourages more holistic decision-making.Social implicationsChallenging market functioning and recognizing market inefficiencies using strategy and IB foundations connects financial economics with non-market topics such as environment, society and governance or impact investing.Originality/valueThe value and originality of the paper come from the qualitative, epistemological approach to study and analyse the divide between international finance and strategy/IB scholarship.

本文的目的是弥合国际金融和国际商业(IB)之间的学科鸿沟，以重新调整学术研究与商业现实，其中战略和财务一致，以决定公司的成功或失败。设计/方法/方法作者讨论了国际金融和IB战略领域之间的理论差异，这些差异导致了这些领域的孤立发展，几乎没有跨学科的施肥。作者回顾了这些领域之间稀少的跨学科贡献。最后，作者确定了互补性，为未来的研究提供了富有成效的途径。作者发现，金融和战略/IB文献之间存在持续的脱节，这可以通过对市场的根本不同的目标和假设来解释。金融理论试图解释运作市场下的典型效应，而战略和IB理论本质上关注的是异常效应和市场无效率。研究局限/启示孤立金融学和战略/IB的基本理论差异为利用这两个学科的互补性进行跨学科研究创造了途径。这些包括资本结构的战略方面，内部资本市场的低效，公司治理，资本市场的外国责任和财务管理的制度方面。实践意义通过本文，作者不仅使财务和战略方面的学术研究人员更接近企业实践。理论讨论也挑战实践者的功能盲点，鼓励更全面的决策。社会影响利用战略和IB基础挑战市场功能和认识市场效率低下将金融经济学与非市场主题(如环境、社会和治理或影响投资)联系起来。本文的价值和原创性来自于定性的、认识论的方法来研究和分析国际金融与战略/IB奖学金之间的差异。

{"title":"Striking a balance? Finance perspectives on international business research","authors":"Jakob Müllner, I. Filatotchev, Thomas Lindner","doi":"10.1108/mbr-06-2023-0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mbr-06-2023-0094","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to bridge the disciplinary divide between international finance and international business (IB) to realign academic research with business reality in which strategy and finance align to determine firms’ success or failures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors discuss theoretical differences between the fields of international finance and IB strategy that caused the fields to develop in isolation with little fertilization across disciplines. The authors review scarce interdisciplinary contributions between the fields. Finally, the authors identify complementarities that suggest fruitful avenues for future research.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The authors find a persistent disconnect between finance and strategy/IB literature that can be explained by fundamentally different aims and assumptions about the markets. While finance theory seeks to explain typical effects under functioning markets, strategy and IB theories focus inherently on exceptional effects and market inefficiencies.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The fundamental theoretical differences that isolate finance and strategy/IB create avenues for interdisciplinary research that harness the complementarities of the two disciplines. These include strategic aspects of capital structure, internal capital market inefficiencies, corporate governance, capital market liability of foreignness and institutional aspects of financial management.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000With this paper, the authors not only bring academic researchers in finance and strategy closer to corporate practice. The theoretical discussion also challenges the functional blind spots of practitioners and encourages more holistic decision-making.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000Challenging market functioning and recognizing market inefficiencies using strategy and IB foundations connects financial economics with non-market topics such as environment, society and governance or impact investing.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The value and originality of the paper come from the qualitative, epistemological approach to study and analyse the divide between international finance and strategy/IB scholarship.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46630,"journal":{"name":"Multinational Business Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62042639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Balancing home unit visibility and integration in host unit: understanding differences in repatriation adjustment processes 平衡母国单位的可见性和融入东道国单位：了解遣返调整过程中的差异

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q3 BUSINESS

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-12-2022-0208

H. Haq, Jiyoung Shin, H. Cho, Sophie Junge

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the question of whether the repatriation adjustment process varies with different combinations of duration and purpose of international assignments.Design/methodology/approachA multiple-case study within one company was conducted based on in-depth interview data.FindingsThe authors find that learning-driven international assignments are more beneficial for career growth and receive better organizational support, as assignees are able to maintain regular communication (visibility) with the home unit. On the other hand, those on demand-driven, long-duration international assignments need to have a closer connection (integration) with employees in the host unit and find it challenging to maintain high visibility in the home unit simultaneously.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to existing research by highlighting that demand-driven assignees on longer assignments face greater challenges upon returning home. In addition, expatriates on short-term assignments face drastically fewer challenges than expatriates on longer assignments.

目的本研究的目的是探讨回国调整过程是否随国际派遣期限和目的的不同组合而变化。设计/方法/方法基于深度访谈数据，对一家公司进行了多案例研究。研究结果作者发现，学习驱动型的国际派遣更有利于职业发展，并得到更好的组织支持，因为外派人员能够与家乡单位保持定期沟通(可见性)。另一方面，那些受需求驱动的长期国际派遣需要与东道国的员工建立更紧密的联系(整合)，并且发现同时在本国保持高知名度是一项挑战。原创性/价值作者对现有的研究做出了贡献，强调了长期任务的需求驱动型外派人员回国后面临更大的挑战。此外，短期外派人员面临的挑战比长期外派人员少得多。

{"title":"Balancing home unit visibility and integration in host unit: understanding differences in repatriation adjustment processes","authors":"H. Haq, Jiyoung Shin, H. Cho, Sophie Junge","doi":"10.1108/mbr-12-2022-0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mbr-12-2022-0208","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to examine the question of whether the repatriation adjustment process varies with different combinations of duration and purpose of international assignments.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A multiple-case study within one company was conducted based on in-depth interview data.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The authors find that learning-driven international assignments are more beneficial for career growth and receive better organizational support, as assignees are able to maintain regular communication (visibility) with the home unit. On the other hand, those on demand-driven, long-duration international assignments need to have a closer connection (integration) with employees in the host unit and find it challenging to maintain high visibility in the home unit simultaneously.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The authors contribute to existing research by highlighting that demand-driven assignees on longer assignments face greater challenges upon returning home. In addition, expatriates on short-term assignments face drastically fewer challenges than expatriates on longer assignments.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46630,"journal":{"name":"Multinational Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46343540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is there a relationship between environmental performance and outward FDI? A study of Chinese MNEs 环境绩效与对外直接投资之间是否存在关系?中国跨国公司研究

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q3 BUSINESS

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-09-2022-0147

Jintao Zhang, Stephen Chen, Hao Tan

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the question, “How do firm-level, home-country and host-country environmental performance (EP) affect the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs)?”Design/methodology/approachThe authors examine the relationships between EP and OFDI propensity and between EP and OFDI intensity using a sample of 359 Chinese firms in industries with a significant environmental footprint between 2009 and 2019 (2,002 firm-year observations) and a Heckman two-stage model.FindingsThis study shows that the propensity for OFDI by Chinese MNEs is significantly and positively related to the firm’s prior EP and the country-level EP of China. However, the amount of FDI invested is significantly and positively related to the firm’s prior EP and negatively related to the EP of the host country.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that FDI in a country by an MNE is determined by a combination of firm-level EP, home-country EP and host-country EP. This study finds that the decision to undertake FDI (propensity) and the decision about how much to invest (intensity) are determined by different factors. The propensity for FDI is determined by the home-country EP and firm-level EP. However, the intensity of FDI is determined by a combination of the host country EP and firm-level EP. A limitation is that this study only examines MNEs in China, so the findings may not apply to other countries.Originality/valueThis paper shows that MNEs’ EP is positively related to the propensity and intensity of their OFDI decisions. However, this paper shows that the home-country and host-country EP may also play an important role in determining the propensity or intensity of OFDI.

本文旨在研究“企业层面、母国层面和东道国层面的环境绩效(EP)如何影响中国跨国企业的对外直接投资(OFDI)”这一问题。作者采用赫克曼两阶段模型，对2009年至2019年期间环境足迹显著的行业中的359家中国企业的样本(2002个企业年观察结果)进行了EP与OFDI倾向之间以及EP与OFDI强度之间的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明，中国跨国公司对外直接投资倾向与公司的前期经济效益和中国的国家级经济效益显著正相关。然而，外商直接投资的金额与企业先前的经济效益显著正相关，与东道国的经济效益负相关。研究局限/启示研究结果表明，跨国公司在一个国家的外国直接投资是由公司层面的经济效益、母国经济效益和东道国经济效益共同决定的。本研究发现，决定是否进行FDI(倾向)和决定投资多少(强度)是由不同的因素决定的。FDI倾向由母国经济效益和企业经济效益决定。然而，外国直接投资的强度是由东道国经济效益和公司经济效益共同决定的。一个限制是，这项研究只调查了在中国的跨国公司，因此研究结果可能不适用于其他国家。独创性/价值研究表明，跨国公司的经济效益与其对外直接投资决策的倾向和强度呈正相关。然而，本文表明，母国和东道国的EP也可能在决定对外直接投资倾向或强度方面发挥重要作用。

{"title":"Is there a relationship between environmental performance and outward FDI? A study of Chinese MNEs","authors":"Jintao Zhang, Stephen Chen, Hao Tan","doi":"10.1108/mbr-09-2022-0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mbr-09-2022-0147","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to examine the question, “How do firm-level, home-country and host-country environmental performance (EP) affect the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs)?”\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors examine the relationships between EP and OFDI propensity and between EP and OFDI intensity using a sample of 359 Chinese firms in industries with a significant environmental footprint between 2009 and 2019 (2,002 firm-year observations) and a Heckman two-stage model.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This study shows that the propensity for OFDI by Chinese MNEs is significantly and positively related to the firm’s prior EP and the country-level EP of China. However, the amount of FDI invested is significantly and positively related to the firm’s prior EP and negatively related to the EP of the host country.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The findings suggest that FDI in a country by an MNE is determined by a combination of firm-level EP, home-country EP and host-country EP. This study finds that the decision to undertake FDI (propensity) and the decision about how much to invest (intensity) are determined by different factors. The propensity for FDI is determined by the home-country EP and firm-level EP. However, the intensity of FDI is determined by a combination of the host country EP and firm-level EP. A limitation is that this study only examines MNEs in China, so the findings may not apply to other countries.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper shows that MNEs’ EP is positively related to the propensity and intensity of their OFDI decisions. However, this paper shows that the home-country and host-country EP may also play an important role in determining the propensity or intensity of OFDI.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46630,"journal":{"name":"Multinational Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44962914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global fintech trends and their impact on international business: a review 全球金融科技趋势及其对国际商业的影响:综述

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q3 BUSINESS

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-05-2023-0077

Douglas J. Cumming, S. Johan, Robert S. Reardon

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an in-depth examination of the emergent state of financial technology (fintech), particularly emphasizing capital-raising innovations and their implications for international business.Design/methodology/approachUsing the highly influential articles published in fintech, the authors identify the advantages and disadvantages of each significant fintech in the credit, deposit and capital-raising services sector. The authors assess the adoption of these services and the international firm-level implications of their use.FindingsThis study highlights fintech’s role in fostering entrepreneurial internationalization, with a particular focus on the impact of crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending and online banking. A thorough analysis of Google Scholar citations uncovers research gaps and unveils emerging trends bridging international business and fintech. Furthermore, the examination of regulatory efforts presents evidence of a robust positive relationship between global e-commerce legislation and fintech adoption, demonstrating the interconnected nature of these elements in the world of international business.Research limitations/implicationsFintech research in international business has only taken off in the last five years. Innovations and regulatory developments are continuously evolving.Originality/valueThis study emphasizes the significance of fintech in international business research, addressing its implications on regulatory environments, entrepreneurial internationalization and multinational corporations’ global strategies. By investigating the synergies and applications of various fintech types, the research provides valuable insights for scholars and practitioners, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the field of international finance.

目的本文旨在深入研究金融科技的新兴状态，特别强调融资创新及其对国际商业的影响。设计/方法论/方法利用金融科技上发表的极具影响力的文章，作者确定了信贷、存款和融资服务领域每种重要金融科技的优势和劣势。作者评估了这些服务的采用情况及其使用对国际公司层面的影响。发现这项研究强调了金融科技在促进创业国际化方面的作用，特别关注众筹、点对点贷款和网上银行的影响。对谷歌学者引文的全面分析揭示了研究空白，并揭示了连接国际商业和金融科技的新兴趋势。此外，对监管工作的审查表明，全球电子商务立法与金融科技的采用之间存在着强有力的积极关系，表明了这些要素在国际商业世界中的相互关联性。研究局限性/含义金融科技在国际商业中的研究在过去五年才起步。创新和监管发展不断发展。原创性/价值本研究强调了金融科技在国际商业研究中的重要性，阐述了其对监管环境、创业国际化和跨国公司全球战略的影响。通过调查各种金融科技类型的协同作用和应用，该研究为学者和从业者提供了宝贵的见解，有助于国际金融领域的知识进步。

{"title":"Global fintech trends and their impact on international business: a review","authors":"Douglas J. Cumming, S. Johan, Robert S. Reardon","doi":"10.1108/mbr-05-2023-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mbr-05-2023-0077","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to provide an in-depth examination of the emergent state of financial technology (fintech), particularly emphasizing capital-raising innovations and their implications for international business.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Using the highly influential articles published in fintech, the authors identify the advantages and disadvantages of each significant fintech in the credit, deposit and capital-raising services sector. The authors assess the adoption of these services and the international firm-level implications of their use.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This study highlights fintech’s role in fostering entrepreneurial internationalization, with a particular focus on the impact of crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending and online banking. A thorough analysis of Google Scholar citations uncovers research gaps and unveils emerging trends bridging international business and fintech. Furthermore, the examination of regulatory efforts presents evidence of a robust positive relationship between global e-commerce legislation and fintech adoption, demonstrating the interconnected nature of these elements in the world of international business.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Fintech research in international business has only taken off in the last five years. Innovations and regulatory developments are continuously evolving.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study emphasizes the significance of fintech in international business research, addressing its implications on regulatory environments, entrepreneurial internationalization and multinational corporations’ global strategies. By investigating the synergies and applications of various fintech types, the research provides valuable insights for scholars and practitioners, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the field of international finance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46630,"journal":{"name":"Multinational Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43437580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Towards a unified typology of digital communication technologies in international business: a tool for management and research 迈向国际商务中数字通信技术的统一类型:一种管理和研究工具

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q3 BUSINESS

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-01-2023-0011

Christopher Hazlehurst, M. Etter, K. Brouthers

PurposeDigital communication technologies have become ubiquitous for various firm processes related to international business (IB) and global strategy. However, IB and strategy scholars lack an encompassing and theory-based typology of these technologies that facilitates analysis and discussion of their uses and effects. Likewise, managers have a large choice of technologies at their disposal making it difficult to determine what technology to use in different IB areas. This paper aims to develop a typology of digital communication technologies based on the synchronicity and interactivity of these technologies and capture their fundamental social and temporal dimensions. This results in four ideal types: broadcasting, corresponding, aggregating and collaborating technologies.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper incorporating theoretical perspectives to theorize about four ideal types of digital communication technologies. A subsequent empirical test of this typology has been provided in the appendix.FindingsThe authors discuss how the typology might be applied in IB decisions and some of the contingencies that impact this choice. Building on that, the authors develop directions for future research to increase their understanding of the use of digital communication technologies to help improve IB functions. Overall, the authors suggest future research explores contingencies about where and when different types of digital communication technologies should be used. Finally, the authors provide implication of having a unified typology for both academics and managers.Originality/valueThe authors offer a robust framework for thinking about and capturing different types of digital communication technologies that can be applied by researchers and used by managers when making decisions related to IB. The authors also provide some initial testing of the typology with a three-country study design helping to determine its validity.

目的数字通信技术在与国际业务(IB)和全球战略相关的各种公司流程中无处不在。然而，IB和战略学者缺乏对这些技术的全面和基于理论的类型学，这有助于分析和讨论它们的用途和效果。同样，管理人员拥有大量可供选择的技术，这使得很难确定在不同的IB领域使用哪种技术。本文旨在基于数字通信技术的同步性和互动性，建立数字通信技术的类型学，并捕捉其基本的社会和时间维度。这导致了四种理想的类型:广播、对应、聚合和协作技术。设计/方法/方法这是一篇概念性论文，结合理论观点，对四种理想类型的数字通信技术进行理论化。附录中提供了对这一类型学的后续实证检验。研究结果作者讨论了类型学如何应用于IB决策，以及影响这种选择的一些偶然因素。在此基础上，作者为未来的研究制定了方向，以增加他们对使用数字通信技术来帮助改善IB功能的理解。总的来说，作者建议未来的研究将探讨在何时何地使用不同类型的数字通信技术的偶然性。最后，作者为学者和管理者提供了统一类型的含义。原创性/价值作者提供了一个强大的框架，用于思考和捕捉不同类型的数字通信技术，这些技术可以被研究人员应用，也可以被管理人员在做出与IB相关的决策时使用。作者还提供了一个三个国家的研究设计的类型学的一些初步测试，帮助确定其有效性。

{"title":"Towards a unified typology of digital communication technologies in international business: a tool for management and research","authors":"Christopher Hazlehurst, M. Etter, K. Brouthers","doi":"10.1108/mbr-01-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mbr-01-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Digital communication technologies have become ubiquitous for various firm processes related to international business (IB) and global strategy. However, IB and strategy scholars lack an encompassing and theory-based typology of these technologies that facilitates analysis and discussion of their uses and effects. Likewise, managers have a large choice of technologies at their disposal making it difficult to determine what technology to use in different IB areas. This paper aims to develop a typology of digital communication technologies based on the synchronicity and interactivity of these technologies and capture their fundamental social and temporal dimensions. This results in four ideal types: broadcasting, corresponding, aggregating and collaborating technologies.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This is a conceptual paper incorporating theoretical perspectives to theorize about four ideal types of digital communication technologies. A subsequent empirical test of this typology has been provided in the appendix.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The authors discuss how the typology might be applied in IB decisions and some of the contingencies that impact this choice. Building on that, the authors develop directions for future research to increase their understanding of the use of digital communication technologies to help improve IB functions. Overall, the authors suggest future research explores contingencies about where and when different types of digital communication technologies should be used. Finally, the authors provide implication of having a unified typology for both academics and managers.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The authors offer a robust framework for thinking about and capturing different types of digital communication technologies that can be applied by researchers and used by managers when making decisions related to IB. The authors also provide some initial testing of the typology with a three-country study design helping to determine its validity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46630,"journal":{"name":"Multinational Business Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41902234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adjustment strategies for firms affected by international sanctions 受国际制裁影响的公司的调整战略

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q3 BUSINESS

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-07-2022-0105

Omid Aliasghar, Elizabeth L. Rose

PurposeWhen terrorism threaten geopolitical stability, many policymakers turn to economic sanctions. In this way, governments and multilateral organizations continue to affect corporate and managerial choices, through the shaping and constraining of international trade policies. Still, most of the international business remain relatively quiet about the impact of the non-market environment on firms’ strategic efforts. Questions remain about how firms adjust their strategies in the face of the often-sudden impact of changes in multilateral rules and enforcement mechanisms. This study aims to address this question by shedding light on three potential adjustment strategies for firms that have been impacted by sanctions.Design/methodology/approachAs part of a larger, multimethod study, the authors undertook 16 semi-structured interviews with senior managers of firms whose operations have been affected by international sanctions.FindingsInternational and political tensions can affect businesses in many ways, from exporting to strategies associated with global knowledge sourcing. Learnings from organizations that have had to respond to sudden and extreme changes in their fragile ecosystems will aid this study. In this commentary paper, the authors offer suggestions about how to adapt, respond and operate in a new reality.Originality/valueWhile the imposition of long-term political sanctions, especially by powerful nations and multilateral institutions, has become more frequent, how businesses cope with these extreme external shifts still remains unknown. This paper focuses on firms operating in a sanctioned regime, investigating how they deal with these sudden changes in their environment.

目的当恐怖主义威胁到地缘政治稳定时，许多决策者转向经济制裁。通过这种方式，政府和多边组织通过制定和约束国际贸易政策，继续影响企业和管理层的选择。尽管如此，大多数国际企业对非市场环境对企业战略努力的影响保持相对沉默。面对多边规则和执行机制变化的突然影响，企业如何调整战略仍然存在疑问。本研究旨在通过阐明受制裁影响的公司的三种潜在调整策略来解决这一问题。设计/方法/方法作为一项更大规模的多方法研究的一部分，作者对运营受到国际制裁影响的公司的高级管理人员进行了16次半结构化访谈。发现国际和政治紧张局势会在很多方面影响企业，从出口到与全球知识来源相关的战略。那些不得不对脆弱生态系统的突然和极端变化做出反应的组织的经验教训将有助于这项研究。在这篇评论文章中，作者就如何适应、应对和操作新的现实提出了建议。独创性/价值尽管实施长期政治制裁，特别是强国和多边机构的长期政治制裁越来越频繁，但企业如何应对这些极端的外部变化仍然未知。本文的重点是在受制裁制度下运营的公司，调查他们如何应对环境的这些突然变化。

{"title":"Adjustment strategies for firms affected by international sanctions","authors":"Omid Aliasghar, Elizabeth L. Rose","doi":"10.1108/mbr-07-2022-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mbr-07-2022-0105","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000When terrorism threaten geopolitical stability, many policymakers turn to economic sanctions. In this way, governments and multilateral organizations continue to affect corporate and managerial choices, through the shaping and constraining of international trade policies. Still, most of the international business remain relatively quiet about the impact of the non-market environment on firms’ strategic efforts. Questions remain about how firms adjust their strategies in the face of the often-sudden impact of changes in multilateral rules and enforcement mechanisms. This study aims to address this question by shedding light on three potential adjustment strategies for firms that have been impacted by sanctions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000As part of a larger, multimethod study, the authors undertook 16 semi-structured interviews with senior managers of firms whose operations have been affected by international sanctions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000International and political tensions can affect businesses in many ways, from exporting to strategies associated with global knowledge sourcing. Learnings from organizations that have had to respond to sudden and extreme changes in their fragile ecosystems will aid this study. In this commentary paper, the authors offer suggestions about how to adapt, respond and operate in a new reality.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000While the imposition of long-term political sanctions, especially by powerful nations and multilateral institutions, has become more frequent, how businesses cope with these extreme external shifts still remains unknown. This paper focuses on firms operating in a sanctioned regime, investigating how they deal with these sudden changes in their environment.","PeriodicalId":46630,"journal":{"name":"Multinational Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46668904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Export duration and product innovations: do born globals learn by exporting differently? 出口持续时间和产品创新：天生的全球人通过不同的出口方式学习吗？

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q3 BUSINESS

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-10-2022-0161

Sui Sui, Matthias Baum, Dandan Li

PurposeThis paper aims to study the learning-by-exporting effect among small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, the authors propose a dynamic perspective and suggest that learning-by-exporting is duration-dependent and contingent upon the born global internationalization strategy. In earlier phases of export activities, exporting has had a strong positive effect on SMEs’ innovations, which, however, diminishes over time. This inverted U-shape effect is even more distinct for born global firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used longitudinal data with 1,689 Canadian SMEs to test their hypotheses. A two-stage instrumental approach is used to take into account the endogeneity of the born global international strategy on new product innovations.FindingsBorn globals learn faster at the early stages of exporting but also restrain their innovations more strongly than gradual internationalizers in the longer run, leveling out the initial learning advantages of newness. Thus, this study suggests that born globals have a significantly different learning trajectory than gradual internationalizers.Practical implicationsTo maximize the benefits of exporting on innovation, managers should focus on learning during the initial years of exporting. However, once this period has passed, it is advisable for managers to invest in research and development as well as other innovation activities to complement the learning effect of exporting. Born global firms experience more rapid learning at the initial stage of exporting, but such learning effects wear off quicker later than gradually internationalized firms. For SME managers, this study helps draw their attention to the learning benefits of exporting in the initial years of export participation.Originality/valueThis study corroborates recent studies arguing for a “learning-by-exporting” effect. Providing longitudinal firm-level evidence, the authors also forward a dynamic perspective and show that learning by exporting is duration dependent and contingent upon the market entry strategy pursued by SMEs.

目的研究中小企业的出口学习效应。具体而言，作者提出了一个动态的视角，认为出口学习是持续的，并取决于先天的全球国际化战略。在出口活动的早期阶段，出口对中小企业的创新产生了强烈的积极影响，然而，随着时间的推移，这种影响逐渐减弱。这种倒u型效应在天生的跨国公司中表现得更为明显。设计/方法/方法作者使用了1689家加拿大中小企业的纵向数据来检验他们的假设。一个两阶段的工具方法是用来考虑内生的全球国际战略的新产品创新。研究发现:天生的全球化者在出口的早期阶段学习得更快，但从长远来看，与逐渐国际化的人相比，他们对创新的限制更大，从而抵消了最初的学习优势。因此，本研究表明，天生全球化者的学习轨迹与逐渐国际化者有显著不同。为了使出口对创新的好处最大化，管理者应该在出口的最初几年注重学习。但是，一旦过了这个时期，管理者就应该投入研发等创新活动，以补充出口的学习效应。天生全球化的企业在出口的初始阶段学习速度更快，但这种学习效果比逐渐国际化的企业消失得更快。对于中小企业管理者来说，本研究有助于他们关注出口参与最初几年的学习收益。原创性/价值这项研究证实了最近关于“通过输出学习”效应的研究。通过纵向的企业层面证据，作者还提出了一个动态的视角，表明通过出口学习是持续依赖的，并且取决于中小企业所采取的市场进入策略。

{"title":"Export duration and product innovations: do born globals learn by exporting differently?","authors":"Sui Sui, Matthias Baum, Dandan Li","doi":"10.1108/mbr-10-2022-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mbr-10-2022-0161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to study the learning-by-exporting effect among small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, the authors propose a dynamic perspective and suggest that learning-by-exporting is duration-dependent and contingent upon the born global internationalization strategy. In earlier phases of export activities, exporting has had a strong positive effect on SMEs’ innovations, which, however, diminishes over time. This inverted U-shape effect is even more distinct for born global firms.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors used longitudinal data with 1,689 Canadian SMEs to test their hypotheses. A two-stage instrumental approach is used to take into account the endogeneity of the born global international strategy on new product innovations.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Born globals learn faster at the early stages of exporting but also restrain their innovations more strongly than gradual internationalizers in the longer run, leveling out the initial learning advantages of newness. Thus, this study suggests that born globals have a significantly different learning trajectory than gradual internationalizers.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000To maximize the benefits of exporting on innovation, managers should focus on learning during the initial years of exporting. However, once this period has passed, it is advisable for managers to invest in research and development as well as other innovation activities to complement the learning effect of exporting. Born global firms experience more rapid learning at the initial stage of exporting, but such learning effects wear off quicker later than gradually internationalized firms. For SME managers, this study helps draw their attention to the learning benefits of exporting in the initial years of export participation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study corroborates recent studies arguing for a “learning-by-exporting” effect. Providing longitudinal firm-level evidence, the authors also forward a dynamic perspective and show that learning by exporting is duration dependent and contingent upon the market entry strategy pursued by SMEs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46630,"journal":{"name":"Multinational Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47300237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1