Multinational Business Review最新文献_第2页

Beware the puppeteers: the role of geopolitics in the bargaining dynamics between a Russian politically connected MNC and the country of Montenegro 小心傀儡：地缘政治在与俄罗斯有政治联系的跨国公司和黑山之间讨价还价动态中的作用

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-01-2023-0008

Liubov Ermolaeva, Andrei Panibratov, Desislava Dikova

Purpose

This paper aims to use the obsolescing bargaining power (OBP) Model (Vernon, 1977, 1998) to analyze the case of United Company Rusal, a Russian politically connected multinational companies (MNCs) that was one of the world’s largest aluminum companies between 2005 and 2014, having acquired and, ultimately, sold the Montenegrin aluminum smelter company Kombinat aluminijuma Podgorica.The authors did so with the aim of answering the following question: How do geopolitics affect the bargaining balance of power between a Russian MNC and a host country?

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used the discourse analysis methodology to identify the key players in the bargaining process and illustrate the evolving bargaining process.

Findings

The authors demonstrated that, over time, the shift in power from the Russian MNC to the host government had not merely been the result of the increase in committed MNC assets in the host country but, rather, of a geopolitical chess game involving the Russian Government, North Atlantic treaty organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU). By extending the OBP model with geopolitics, the authors found that a political agenda can influence the outcome of a bargaining process.

Originality/value

The authors extended the OBP model to illustrate the complex interaction between an emerging market MNC and an emerging host country government, indirectly influenced by two supranational organizations – the EU and NATO.

目的本文旨在使用陈旧议价能力（OBP）模型（Vernon，1977，1998）分析俄罗斯联合公司（United Company Rusal）的案例，该公司是一家与政治有关联的俄罗斯跨国公司（MNCs），在2005年至2014年期间是世界上最大的铝业公司之一，收购并最终出售了黑山铝冶炼厂公司Kombinat aluminijuma Podgorica：作者这样做是为了回答以下问题：地缘政治如何影响俄罗斯跨国公司与东道国之间讨价还价的力量平衡？研究结果作者证明，随着时间的推移，俄罗斯跨国公司向东道国政府的权力转移不仅仅是跨国公司在东道国承诺资产增加的结果，而是俄罗斯政府、北大西洋公约组织（北约）和欧洲联盟（欧盟）参与的地缘政治棋局的结果。作者通过扩展 OBP 模型与地缘政治，发现政治议程可以影响讨价还价过程的结果。原创性/价值作者扩展了 OBP 模型，以说明新兴市场跨国公司与新兴东道国政府之间复杂的互动关系，这种互动关系受到两个超国家组织--欧盟和北约--的间接影响。

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引用次数: 0

Determinants of funding intention of crowdfunding campaigns from India – a subregional cultural variation and transnational migrants perspective 印度众筹活动筹资意向的决定因素--次区域文化差异和跨国移民视角

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-06-2023-0108

Arpita Agnihotri, Saurabh Bhattacharya, Demetris Vrontis

Purpose

This paper aims to explore how sub-national or regional cultural differences influence backers’ willingness to crowdfund projects. The paper also explores how migrant transnationalism influences the impact of backer’s sub-national culture and crowdfunding relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on the experimental design technique using analysis of covariance methods. The authors tested the study hypotheses on a sample of 790 respondents.

Findings

The study results suggest that individuals differ in their intent to crowdfund product campaigns depending on value congruence between their cultural values derived from the region to which they belong and the nature of the product category, such as environmentally friendly or happiness-enhancing products.

Originality/value

This paper explores the role of regional cultural differences in determining the intention to crowdfund different campaigns based on the nature of the product. Value congruence, as driven by regional cultural differences with crowdfunding campaigns, has not been explored before.

目的本文旨在探讨次国家或地区文化差异如何影响支持者的众筹项目意愿。本文还探讨了移民跨国主义如何影响支持者的次国家文化和众筹关系的影响。设计/方法/途径本文基于实验设计技术，采用协方差分析方法。研究结果研究结果表明，个人对产品众筹活动的意向因其所属地区的文化价值观与产品类别（如环保产品或提升幸福感的产品）性质之间的价值一致性而有所不同。原创性/价值本文探讨了地区文化差异在根据产品性质决定不同众筹活动意向方面的作用。以前从未探讨过地区文化差异对众筹活动的价值一致性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Knowledge exploration in cross-border acquisitions: how does absorptive capacity matter? 跨国收购中的知识探索：吸收能力有多重要？

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-01-2023-0012

Stephanie Moura, Christian Daniel Falaster, Thomas C. Lawton

Purpose

This study aims to explore how the absorptive capacity of emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) facilitates increased acquirer performance in industry exploration and technology exploration cross-border acquisitions (CBAs).

Design/methodology/approach

The research context for this study is Brazilian EMNEs and their CBAs. The final database contains 101 CBAs.

Findings

The authors find that industry exploration strategies negatively affect financial performance, but technology exploration strategies have a positive effect. The acquirer’s absorptive capacity can exacerbate the negative effects, except in instances of technology exploration strategies, where there is a demonstrable benefit from the acquirer’s absorptive capacity.

Originality/value

The study contributes first by providing a more nuanced understanding of the effects of absorptive capacity on postacquisition performance, depending on the type of knowledge explored. Second, by drawing on EMNE learning perspectives, the authors demonstrate the versatility of absorptive capacity in emerging markets.

目的本研究旨在探讨新兴市场跨国公司（EMNEs）的吸收能力如何促进收购方在行业探索和技术探索跨国收购（CBAs）中提高绩效。研究结果作者发现，行业探索战略对财务业绩有负面影响，而技术探索战略则有正面影响。收购方的吸收能力会加剧负面影响，但技术探索战略除外，因为在这种情况下，收购方的吸收能力会带来明显的益处。原创性/价值这项研究的贡献首先在于提供了对吸收能力对收购后绩效影响的更细致的理解，这取决于所探索的知识类型。其次，通过借鉴新兴市场企业的学习视角，作者证明了吸收能力在新兴市场的多功能性。

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引用次数: 0

Developing non-traditional firm-specific advantages in domestic strategic factor markets: evidence from China 在国内战略要素市场上发展非传统企业特有优势：来自中国的证据

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-06-2023-0107

Feng Wan, Peter Williamson, Naresh Pandit

PurposeChinese firms are winning market share from foreign multinational enterprises in domestic markets. The international business literature suggests that this is happening because these firms are developing non-traditional firm-specific advantages (FSAs). Strategic factor market (SFM) theory provides a good basis for explaining how this is happening. However, it is underdeveloped in terms of analysing unique resources and unique access to those resources by Chinese firms in their domestic markets. This paper aims to develop a framework to understand how Chinese firms have developed non-traditional FSAs.Design/methodology/approachThe case study method is adopted to explore how Chinese firms develop non-traditional FSAs. Specifically, the authors compare paired case studies of a Chinese firm and a foreign multinational in each of two industries.FindingsThe authors find that Chinese firms have developed non-traditional FSAs because of more relevant experience, better adapted strategies and privileged relationships. This has enabled Chinese firms to develop non-traditional FSAs.Originality/valueThe authors propose a framework that conceptualises non-traditional FSA development in Chinese firms as a product of superior access to unique and valuable resources in their domestic SFMs.

目的中国企业正在国内市场上从外国跨国企业手中赢得市场份额。国际商业文献认为，出现这种情况是因为这些企业正在发展非传统的企业特有优势（FSAs）。战略要素市场（SFM）理论为解释这种情况的发生提供了良好的基础。然而，该理论在分析中国企业在国内市场的独特资源和获取这些资源的独特途径方面还不够完善。本文旨在建立一个框架，以了解中国企业如何发展非传统的金融服务协议。具体而言，作者对两个行业中的一家中国企业和一家外国跨国公司进行了配对案例研究。研究结果作者发现，中国企业开发非传统财务自由裁量权的原因在于其拥有更多的相关经验、更适合的战略和优越的关系。原创性/价值作者提出了一个框架，将中国企业的非传统金融服务发展概念化为在国内自负盈亏企业中获得独特宝贵资源的优势产物。

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引用次数: 0

Developing non-traditional firm-specific advantages in domestic strategic factor markets: evidence from China 在国内战略要素市场上发展非传统企业特有优势：来自中国的证据

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-06-2023-0107

Feng Wan, Peter Williamson, Naresh Pandit

PurposeChinese firms are winning market share from foreign multinational enterprises in domestic markets. The international business literature suggests that this is happening because these firms are developing non-traditional firm-specific advantages (FSAs). Strategic factor market (SFM) theory provides a good basis for explaining how this is happening. However, it is underdeveloped in terms of analysing unique resources and unique access to those resources by Chinese firms in their domestic markets. This paper aims to develop a framework to understand how Chinese firms have developed non-traditional FSAs.Design/methodology/approachThe case study method is adopted to explore how Chinese firms develop non-traditional FSAs. Specifically, the authors compare paired case studies of a Chinese firm and a foreign multinational in each of two industries.FindingsThe authors find that Chinese firms have developed non-traditional FSAs because of more relevant experience, better adapted strategies and privileged relationships. This has enabled Chinese firms to develop non-traditional FSAs.Originality/valueThe authors propose a framework that conceptualises non-traditional FSA development in Chinese firms as a product of superior access to unique and valuable resources in their domestic SFMs.

目的中国企业正在国内市场上从外国跨国企业手中赢得市场份额。国际商业文献认为，出现这种情况是因为这些企业正在发展非传统的企业特有优势（FSAs）。战略要素市场（SFM）理论为解释这种情况的发生提供了良好的基础。然而，该理论在分析中国企业在国内市场的独特资源和获取这些资源的独特途径方面还不够完善。本文旨在建立一个框架，以了解中国企业如何发展非传统的金融服务协议。具体而言，作者对两个行业中的一家中国企业和一家外国跨国公司进行了配对案例研究。研究结果作者发现，中国企业开发非传统财务自由裁量权的原因在于其拥有更多的相关经验、更适合的战略和优越的关系。原创性/价值作者提出了一个框架，将中国企业的非传统金融服务发展概念化为在国内自负盈亏企业中获得独特宝贵资源的优势产物。

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引用次数: 0

Propagating a permanent war economy? U.S. FDI in warring host countries 推动永久战争经济？美国对交战东道国的外国直接投资

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-12-2022-0202

Li Dai, Yongsun Paik

Purpose

Conventional wisdom suggests that war in the host country makes it unattractive for foreign firms to invest. To see if this is true for US firms on the aggregate, this paper aims to examine the veracity of a “permanent war economy” hypothesis, that foreign direct investment (FDI) may, in fact, increase in the host country not despite, but because of, war, i.e. one that lends credence to the idea that, in the USA, “defense [has] become one of constant preparation for future wars and foreign interventions rather than an exercise in response to one-off threats.”

Design/methodology/approach

The authors test the hypotheses using Generalized Method of Moments estimation, with Heckman Selection, on US FDI data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and war data from the Correlates of War2 Project, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program/International Peace Research Institute data set, the International Crisis Behavior Project and the Center for Systemic Peace Major Episodes of Political Violence data set. The final sample consists of 351 country-year observations in 55 host countries from 1982 to 2006.

Findings

The findings indicate that overall US FDI in a host country in a given year decreases if the host country is engaged in wars with multiple countries and if the US Government is involved in the war. Most notably, the results show that US involvement in multiple host country wars is actually correlated with increased US FDI into the host country, providing empirical support for the “permanent war economy” hypothesis.

Originality/value

While other studies have focused on war and FDI, the authors have sought to show the impact of the involvement of arguably the most influential country, i.e. the USA, in the sovereign matters of a focal host country. By studying FDI from the USA as a function of US involvement in wars overseas, over the years with the greatest use of private military companies by the USA and the largest portion of global FDI accounted for by the USA, this work motivates a research agenda on home-host-"other” relations in the context of war and FDI, with the “other” being the supranational “elephant in the room.”

目的传统观点认为，东道国的战争会使外国公司失去投资吸引力。本文旨在研究 "永久战争经济 "假说的真实性，即外国直接投资（FDI）事实上可能会增加，而不是不顾战争，而是因为战争，也就是证明美国 "国防[已]成为为未来战争和外国干预不断做准备的过程，而不是应对一次性威胁的过程 "的观点。"设计/方法/途径作者利用经济分析局（Bureau of Economic Analysis）的美国外国直接投资数据和战争相关因素2 项目（Correlates of War2 Project）的战争数据、乌普萨拉冲突数据计划/国际和平研究所数据集、国际危机行为项目和系统和平中心（Center for Systemic Peace）的主要政治暴力事件数据集，使用广义矩估计法（Generalized Method of Moments Estimation）和赫克曼选择法（Heckman Selection）对假设进行了检验。研究结果研究结果表明，如果东道国与多个国家发生战争，而且美国政府参与了战争，那么美国在特定年份对该东道国的总体外国直接投资就会减少。最值得注意的是，研究结果表明，美国卷入多个东道国的战争实际上与美国对东道国外国直接投资的增加相关，这为 "永久战争经济 "假说提供了实证支持。原创性/价值虽然其他研究主要关注战争和外国直接投资，但作者试图说明可谓最具影响力的国家（即美国）卷入重点东道国主权事务的影响。通过研究美国的外国直接投资与美国卷入海外战争的函数关系，以及多年来美国对私营军事公司的最大利用和美国在全球外国直接投资中所占的最大份额，这项工作推动了在战争和外国直接投资背景下的母国-东道国-"他国 "关系的研究议程，而 "他国 "就是超国家的 "房间里的大象"。

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引用次数: 0

Internationalization and firm performance: moderating role of multi-stakeholder initiatives 国际化与企业绩效:多利益相关者倡议的调节作用

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-10-2022-0168

Sang-Bum Park

PurposePrevious scholars have assumed that multinational enterprises (MNEs) can reduce the liability of foreignness and increase profitability by investing in corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, empirical validation of this assumption has rarely been attempted. This study aims to provide empirical evidence that the adoption of multi-stakeholder initiatives, which are globally recognized as signals of CSR, helps MNEs increase profits from internationalization.Design/methodology/approachFixed effect models, which address model misspecification problems, and instrumental variable estimation, which controls for the endogeneity in firms’ choice of internationalization, offer empirical evidence supporting the moderating effects of global multi-stakeholder initiatives on the relationship between internationalization and firm performance.FindingsThis study examines the moderating role of multi-stakeholder initiatives in the relationship between internationalization and firm performance, drawing on signaling and stakeholder theories. The results suggest that the signaling effect of multi-stakeholder initiatives can help MNEs overcome the liability of foreignness and, therefore, profit from overseas markets.Originality/valueAlthough the internationalization–firm performance relationship has been a subject of debate in the field of international business, the role of firms’ stakeholder engagement in this relationship has been largely overlooked in previous studies. In this study, the authors explore the impact of multi-stakeholder initiatives on the internationalization–firm performance relationship. Our primary contention is that multi-stakeholder initiatives have moderating effects on this relationship by reducing the liability of foreignness experienced by MNEs in host countries. Furthermore, the findings suggest that active engagement in multi-stakeholder initiatives significantly contributes to the financial success of MNEs as they internationalize.

以往学者认为，跨国企业可以通过投资于企业社会责任(CSR)来减少外来负担，提高盈利能力。然而，很少有人尝试对这一假设进行实证验证。本研究旨在提供实证证据，证明采用被全球公认为企业社会责任信号的多利益相关者倡议有助于跨国公司从国际化中增加利润。设计/方法/方法固定效应模型(解决模型错配问题)和工具变量估计(控制企业国际化选择的内生性)提供了经验证据，支持全球多利益相关者倡议对国际化与企业绩效之间关系的调节作用。本研究利用信号理论和利益相关者理论，探讨了多利益相关者倡议在国际化与企业绩效关系中的调节作用。结果表明，多利益相关者倡议的信号效应可以帮助跨国公司克服外国责任，从而从海外市场获利。虽然国际化与企业绩效的关系一直是国际商业领域争论的主题，但在以往的研究中，企业利益相关者参与在这一关系中的作用在很大程度上被忽视了。在本研究中，作者探讨了多利益相关者倡议对国际化与企业绩效关系的影响。我们的主要论点是，多方利益相关者倡议通过减少跨国公司在东道国经历的外国责任，对这种关系具有调节作用。此外，研究结果表明，积极参与多方利益相关者倡议对跨国公司在国际化过程中的财务成功有重要贡献。

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引用次数: 0

The ambiguity and limitations of measuring firm-level multinationality: a theoretical and empirical exploration 衡量公司层面多国性的模糊性与局限性:理论与实证探索

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-09-2022-0137

Patrik Vaněk

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the ambiguity and limitations of measuring firm-level multinationality (FLM) using theoretical and empirical comparisons of existing methods. The paper puts forward a list of five key aspects that collectively serve as a tool for researchers to select the most appropriate method for future research and as a basis for the future development of methods.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the author reviews existing methods of measuring FLM and consolidates findings into five key aspects. Secondly, the author uses the aspects to compare existing methods theoretically, and subsequently, the author groups them into three distinct streams. Thirdly, the author compares existing methods across a sample of the 35 largest European MNEs by sales in 2020 to identify and demonstrate the ambiguity and limitations of these methods.FindingsThe author identifies the five key aspects of measuring FLM: framework, aggregation, segmentation, metrics and indicators. Using empirical comparison, the author empirically confirms the limitations highlighted in the literature and shows the differences and inconsistencies among methods, which cause confusion rather than clarity in the extant literature. Additionally, the author emphasises that three distinct streams further drive the debate on the regional/global nature and present further limitations of methods not mentioned in the literature to date.Originality/valueThis paper provides the most comprehensive review of the existing literature on FLM, resulting in five novel aspects of measuring FLM. The analysis of a sample of 35 European firms demonstrates and identifies the ambiguity and limitations of FLM-measuring methods.

目的通过对现有方法的理论和实证比较，探讨衡量企业层面跨国性的模糊性和局限性。本文列出了五个关键方面，这些方面共同作为研究人员选择未来研究最合适方法的工具，并作为方法未来发展的基础。设计/方法论/方法首先，作者回顾了现有的FLM测量方法，并将研究结果整合为五个关键方面。其次，作者利用这些方面对现有的方法进行了理论比较，并将其分为三个不同的流。第三，作者比较了2020年欧洲销售额最大的35家跨国公司的现有方法，以确定和证明这些方法的模糊性和局限性。发现作者确定了衡量FLM的五个关键方面：框架、聚合、细分、度量和指标。通过实证比较，作者实证地证实了文献中强调的局限性，并显示了方法之间的差异和不一致，这导致了现存文献的混乱而非清晰。此外，作者强调，三个不同的流进一步推动了关于区域/全球性质的辩论，并对迄今为止文献中未提及的方法提出了进一步的限制。原创性/价值本文对现有的FLM文献进行了最全面的综述，得出了衡量FLM的五个新颖方面。对35家欧洲公司样本的分析表明并确定了FLM测量方法的模糊性和局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Striking a balance? Finance perspectives on international business research 取得平衡?国际商业研究的金融视角

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-06-2023-0094

Jakob Müllner, I. Filatotchev, Thomas Lindner

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to bridge the disciplinary divide between international finance and international business (IB) to realign academic research with business reality in which strategy and finance align to determine firms’ success or failures.Design/methodology/approachThe authors discuss theoretical differences between the fields of international finance and IB strategy that caused the fields to develop in isolation with little fertilization across disciplines. The authors review scarce interdisciplinary contributions between the fields. Finally, the authors identify complementarities that suggest fruitful avenues for future research.FindingsThe authors find a persistent disconnect between finance and strategy/IB literature that can be explained by fundamentally different aims and assumptions about the markets. While finance theory seeks to explain typical effects under functioning markets, strategy and IB theories focus inherently on exceptional effects and market inefficiencies.Research limitations/implicationsThe fundamental theoretical differences that isolate finance and strategy/IB create avenues for interdisciplinary research that harness the complementarities of the two disciplines. These include strategic aspects of capital structure, internal capital market inefficiencies, corporate governance, capital market liability of foreignness and institutional aspects of financial management.Practical implicationsWith this paper, the authors not only bring academic researchers in finance and strategy closer to corporate practice. The theoretical discussion also challenges the functional blind spots of practitioners and encourages more holistic decision-making.Social implicationsChallenging market functioning and recognizing market inefficiencies using strategy and IB foundations connects financial economics with non-market topics such as environment, society and governance or impact investing.Originality/valueThe value and originality of the paper come from the qualitative, epistemological approach to study and analyse the divide between international finance and strategy/IB scholarship.

本文的目的是弥合国际金融和国际商业(IB)之间的学科鸿沟，以重新调整学术研究与商业现实，其中战略和财务一致，以决定公司的成功或失败。设计/方法/方法作者讨论了国际金融和IB战略领域之间的理论差异，这些差异导致了这些领域的孤立发展，几乎没有跨学科的施肥。作者回顾了这些领域之间稀少的跨学科贡献。最后，作者确定了互补性，为未来的研究提供了富有成效的途径。作者发现，金融和战略/IB文献之间存在持续的脱节，这可以通过对市场的根本不同的目标和假设来解释。金融理论试图解释运作市场下的典型效应，而战略和IB理论本质上关注的是异常效应和市场无效率。研究局限/启示孤立金融学和战略/IB的基本理论差异为利用这两个学科的互补性进行跨学科研究创造了途径。这些包括资本结构的战略方面，内部资本市场的低效，公司治理，资本市场的外国责任和财务管理的制度方面。实践意义通过本文，作者不仅使财务和战略方面的学术研究人员更接近企业实践。理论讨论也挑战实践者的功能盲点，鼓励更全面的决策。社会影响利用战略和IB基础挑战市场功能和认识市场效率低下将金融经济学与非市场主题(如环境、社会和治理或影响投资)联系起来。本文的价值和原创性来自于定性的、认识论的方法来研究和分析国际金融与战略/IB奖学金之间的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing home unit visibility and integration in host unit: understanding differences in repatriation adjustment processes 平衡母国单位的可见性和融入东道国单位：了解遣返调整过程中的差异

IF 2.7 4区管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting

Multinational Business Review

Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1108/mbr-12-2022-0208

H. Haq, Jiyoung Shin, H. Cho, Sophie Junge

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the question of whether the repatriation adjustment process varies with different combinations of duration and purpose of international assignments.Design/methodology/approachA multiple-case study within one company was conducted based on in-depth interview data.FindingsThe authors find that learning-driven international assignments are more beneficial for career growth and receive better organizational support, as assignees are able to maintain regular communication (visibility) with the home unit. On the other hand, those on demand-driven, long-duration international assignments need to have a closer connection (integration) with employees in the host unit and find it challenging to maintain high visibility in the home unit simultaneously.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to existing research by highlighting that demand-driven assignees on longer assignments face greater challenges upon returning home. In addition, expatriates on short-term assignments face drastically fewer challenges than expatriates on longer assignments.

目的本研究的目的是探讨回国调整过程是否随国际派遣期限和目的的不同组合而变化。设计/方法/方法基于深度访谈数据，对一家公司进行了多案例研究。研究结果作者发现，学习驱动型的国际派遣更有利于职业发展，并得到更好的组织支持，因为外派人员能够与家乡单位保持定期沟通(可见性)。另一方面，那些受需求驱动的长期国际派遣需要与东道国的员工建立更紧密的联系(整合)，并且发现同时在本国保持高知名度是一项挑战。原创性/价值作者对现有的研究做出了贡献，强调了长期任务的需求驱动型外派人员回国后面临更大的挑战。此外，短期外派人员面临的挑战比长期外派人员少得多。

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引用次数: 0