Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00149-6
Emily S Shaw PhD , Neil G Stoker PhD , Jessica L Potter PhD , Helgard Claassen MBChB , Alasdair Leslie PhD , Conor D Tweed PhD , Prof Chen-Yuan Chiang PhD , Francesca Conradie MBBCH , Hanif Esmail PhD , Prof Christoph Lange MD , Lancelot Pinto MSc , Oxana Rucsineanu MPH , Derek J Sloan PhD , Prof Grant Theron PhD , Phumeza Tisile B Soc Sci , Teck Chuan Voo PhD , Prof Robin M Warren PhD , Limakatso Lebina PhD , Prof Marc Lipman MD
Tuberculosis drug development has stagnated for decades, so the recent availability of bedaquiline is welcome. Bedaquiline-containing regimens, now the first-line therapy recommended by WHO, have transformed the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, offering safer and more effective oral treatment options. However, key obstacles need to be overcome to ensure global access and prevent the rapid development of resistance against this promising class of drugs. In this Personal View, building on an international workshop held in 2023, we evaluate the current evidence and suggest possible ways forward, recognising the tension between increasing use and slowing the rise of resistance. We also discuss problems in accessing bedaquiline-containing regimens, the potential widening of their use beyond drug-resistant tuberculosis, and lessons for utilising new drugs as they are developed.
{"title":"Bedaquiline: what might the future hold?","authors":"Emily S Shaw PhD , Neil G Stoker PhD , Jessica L Potter PhD , Helgard Claassen MBChB , Alasdair Leslie PhD , Conor D Tweed PhD , Prof Chen-Yuan Chiang PhD , Francesca Conradie MBBCH , Hanif Esmail PhD , Prof Christoph Lange MD , Lancelot Pinto MSc , Oxana Rucsineanu MPH , Derek J Sloan PhD , Prof Grant Theron PhD , Phumeza Tisile B Soc Sci , Teck Chuan Voo PhD , Prof Robin M Warren PhD , Limakatso Lebina PhD , Prof Marc Lipman MD","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00149-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00149-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis drug development has stagnated for decades, so the recent availability of bedaquiline is welcome. Bedaquiline-containing regimens, now the first-line therapy recommended by WHO, have transformed the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, offering safer and more effective oral treatment options. However, key obstacles need to be overcome to ensure global access and prevent the rapid development of resistance against this promising class of drugs. In this Personal View, building on an international workshop held in 2023, we evaluate the current evidence and suggest possible ways forward, recognising the tension between increasing use and slowing the rise of resistance. We also discuss problems in accessing bedaquiline-containing regimens, the potential widening of their use beyond drug-resistant tuberculosis, and lessons for utilising new drugs as they are developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"5 12","pages":"Article 100909"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100957
Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz , Jeffrey D Klausner
{"title":"Prevalence of mpox immunity among the core group and its potential to prevent future large-scale outbreaks","authors":"Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz , Jeffrey D Klausner","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100957","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"5 12","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00161-7
Victoria Poplin MD , Clarissa Smith MD , Diego H Caceres MSc , Patricia F Herkert PhD , Olujimi Jegede MD , Prof George R Thompson III MD , Prof John W Baddley MD , Ilan S Schwartz MD , Ryan Kubat DO , Mark A Deka PhD , Mitsuru Toda PhD , Shawn R Lockhart PhD , Tom Chiller PhD , Prof Ferry Hagen PhD , Nathan C Bahr MD
The taxonomy of the Cryptococcus gattii species complex continues to evolve, and has been divided into five pathogenic species. The objective of this systematic review was to summarise the geographical distribution of the C gattii species complex and the species within the C gattii species complex. We searched PubMed for articles related to human, animal, ecological, or laboratory-based studies of C gattii species complex isolates with traceable geographical origin published from January, 1970, until September, 2021. Having extracted their geographical origin, we used ArcMap to construct maps according to the highest degree of resolution allowed by their reported taxonomy, to reflect the most likely area of transmission on the basis of published reports of human isolates. 604 such articles were included in the study. This review indicated that although C gattii species complex isolates have been reported globally, understanding their heterogeneous geographical distribution by species can have implications for researchers and clinicians in formulating research questions and considering diagnostic quandaries.
{"title":"Geographical distribution of the Cryptococcus gattii species complex: a systematic review","authors":"Victoria Poplin MD , Clarissa Smith MD , Diego H Caceres MSc , Patricia F Herkert PhD , Olujimi Jegede MD , Prof George R Thompson III MD , Prof John W Baddley MD , Ilan S Schwartz MD , Ryan Kubat DO , Mark A Deka PhD , Mitsuru Toda PhD , Shawn R Lockhart PhD , Tom Chiller PhD , Prof Ferry Hagen PhD , Nathan C Bahr MD","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00161-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00161-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The taxonomy of the <em>Cryptococcus gattii</em> species complex continues to evolve, and has been divided into five pathogenic species. The objective of this systematic review was to summarise the geographical distribution of the <em>C gattii</em> species complex and the species within the <em>C gattii</em> species complex. We searched PubMed for articles related to human, animal, ecological, or laboratory-based studies of <em>C gattii</em> species complex isolates with traceable geographical origin published from January, 1970, until September, 2021. Having extracted their geographical origin, we used ArcMap to construct maps according to the highest degree of resolution allowed by their reported taxonomy, to reflect the most likely area of transmission on the basis of published reports of human isolates. 604 such articles were included in the study. This review indicated that although <em>C gattii</em> species complex isolates have been reported globally, understanding their heterogeneous geographical distribution by species can have implications for researchers and clinicians in formulating research questions and considering diagnostic quandaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"5 12","pages":"Article 100921"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100995
Elena Dalla Vecchia
{"title":"Pathoplexus: towards fair and transparent sequence sharing","authors":"Elena Dalla Vecchia","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100995","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"5 12","pages":"Article 100995"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101044
The Lancet Microbe
{"title":"Despite available tools tuberculosis is the top killer again","authors":"The Lancet Microbe","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"5 12","pages":"Article 101044"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.006
Xinyao Liu , Zihan Zhao , Zhiyong Zong
{"title":"Precise geographical distribution and call for accurate identification of histoplasmosis cases in China","authors":"Xinyao Liu , Zihan Zhao , Zhiyong Zong","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"5 12","pages":"Article 100943"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.007
Seun Anjorin PhD , Betty Nabatte BA , Simon Mpooya MSc , Benjamin Tinkitina MSc , Christopher K Opio MD , Narcis B Kabatereine PhD , Goylette F Chami PhD
Background
WHO guidelines for schistosomiasis-related morbidity control and elimination rely on current infection as a proxy indicator for morbidity. We evaluated these guidelines within the context of repeated mass drug administration and periportal fibrosis attributable to chronic intestinal schistosomiasis.
Methods
We examined 1442 households randomly sampled from 38 villages in Buliisa, Pakwach, and Mayuge districts of Uganda within the SchistoTrack cohort. Periportal fibrosis was diagnosed in 2834 individuals aged 5–90 years using ultrasound and image patterns C–F from the Niamey protocol. Schistosoma mansoni status and intensity were diagnosed by Kato-Katz microscopy and point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen tests. Schistosome infection, co-infections, and comorbidities were examined as exposures for periportal fibrosis. Multivariable logistic regressions were run with SEs clustered by household.
Findings
Between Jan 6 and Feb 3, 2022, 342 (12·1%) of 2834 participants were diagnosed with periportal fibrosis. By Kato-Katz microscopy, 1229 (43·4%) of 2834 participants were infected. 1863 (65·7%) of 2834 participants had trace positive point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen tests, which was higher than prevalence by Kato-Katz microscopy, and 1158 (40·9%) of 2834 participants had trace negative point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen tests. Individual schistosome status, intensity, and prevalence of heavy intensity infections of less than 1% and less than 5% were not correlated with periportal fibrosis likelihood or village prevalence. Periportal fibrosis likelihood linearly increased with age from age 5 years to age 25 years, non-linearly increased from age 26 years to age 45 years, attenuated or remained unchanged from age 46 years to age 60 years, and steadily decreased past 60 years of age. History of liver diseases, HIV, and ultrasound-detected chronic hepatitis or early cirrhosis-like disease were associated with more than two-times increased periportal fibrosis likelihood.
Interpretation
WHO guidelines reliant on current schistosome status and intensity are uninformative for identifying probable cases or communities with periportal fibrosis. History of HIV and underlying chronic hepatitis or early cirrhosis-like disease are risk factors that could be investigated for periportal fibrosis surveillance and management.
Funding
NDPH Pump Priming Fund, Wellcome Trust, John Fell Fund, Robertson Foundation, and UK Research and Innovation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.
{"title":"Epidemiology of periportal fibrosis and relevance of current Schistosoma mansoni infection within the context of repeated mass drug administration in rural Uganda: a population-based, cross-sectional study","authors":"Seun Anjorin PhD , Betty Nabatte BA , Simon Mpooya MSc , Benjamin Tinkitina MSc , Christopher K Opio MD , Narcis B Kabatereine PhD , Goylette F Chami PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>WHO guidelines for schistosomiasis-related morbidity control and elimination rely on current infection as a proxy indicator for morbidity. We evaluated these guidelines within the context of repeated mass drug administration and periportal fibrosis attributable to chronic intestinal schistosomiasis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined 1442 households randomly sampled from 38 villages in Buliisa, Pakwach, and Mayuge districts of Uganda within the SchistoTrack cohort. Periportal fibrosis was diagnosed in 2834 individuals aged 5–90 years using ultrasound and image patterns C–F from the Niamey protocol. <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> status and intensity were diagnosed by Kato-Katz microscopy and point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen tests. Schistosome infection, co-infections, and comorbidities were examined as exposures for periportal fibrosis. Multivariable logistic regressions were run with SEs clustered by household.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between Jan 6 and Feb 3, 2022, 342 (12·1%) of 2834 participants were diagnosed with periportal fibrosis. By Kato-Katz microscopy, 1229 (43·4%) of 2834 participants were infected. 1863 (65·7%) of 2834 participants had trace positive point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen tests, which was higher than prevalence by Kato-Katz microscopy, and 1158 (40·9%) of 2834 participants had trace negative point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen tests. Individual schistosome status, intensity, and prevalence of heavy intensity infections of less than 1% and less than 5% were not correlated with periportal fibrosis likelihood or village prevalence. Periportal fibrosis likelihood linearly increased with age from age 5 years to age 25 years, non-linearly increased from age 26 years to age 45 years, attenuated or remained unchanged from age 46 years to age 60 years, and steadily decreased past 60 years of age. History of liver diseases, HIV, and ultrasound-detected chronic hepatitis or early cirrhosis-like disease were associated with more than two-times increased periportal fibrosis likelihood.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>WHO guidelines reliant on current schistosome status and intensity are uninformative for identifying probable cases or communities with periportal fibrosis. History of HIV and underlying chronic hepatitis or early cirrhosis-like disease are risk factors that could be investigated for periportal fibrosis surveillance and management.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>NDPH Pump Priming Fund, Wellcome Trust, John Fell Fund, Robertson Foundation, and UK Research and Innovation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"5 12","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101005
Sandeep Kondakala, Sunghyun Yoon, Soumana Daddy-Gaoh, Steven Foley, Ohgew Kweon, Seong-Jae Kim
The increasing popularity of tattoos parallels the rise in microbial infections associated with tattooing. This two-part Series provides a comprehensive overview of microbial infections linked to tattoos dating back to 1820. This first paper in the Series particularly emphasises the changing landscape of infections since 2000, a period marked by enhanced public health regulations and growing awareness. It focuses on the microbiological aspects of these infections, including the types of microorganisms involved, their diversity, and prevalence. The evolving dynamics of tattoo-related microbial infections since 1820 has also been highlighted, during which the number of infections has increased substantially, from 105 cases (426 individuals) until 2000 to 215 cases (618 individuals) since then. The period since 2000 is characterised by the emergence of a more complex spectrum of microorganisms, transitioning from early observations of superficial pyogenic infections. Various species of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have been identified as novel pathogens.
{"title":"Microbiology of tattoo-associated infections since 1820.","authors":"Sandeep Kondakala, Sunghyun Yoon, Soumana Daddy-Gaoh, Steven Foley, Ohgew Kweon, Seong-Jae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing popularity of tattoos parallels the rise in microbial infections associated with tattooing. This two-part Series provides a comprehensive overview of microbial infections linked to tattoos dating back to 1820. This first paper in the Series particularly emphasises the changing landscape of infections since 2000, a period marked by enhanced public health regulations and growing awareness. It focuses on the microbiological aspects of these infections, including the types of microorganisms involved, their diversity, and prevalence. The evolving dynamics of tattoo-related microbial infections since 1820 has also been highlighted, during which the number of infections has increased substantially, from 105 cases (426 individuals) until 2000 to 215 cases (618 individuals) since then. The period since 2000 is characterised by the emergence of a more complex spectrum of microorganisms, transitioning from early observations of superficial pyogenic infections. Various species of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have been identified as novel pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101005"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101039
Stephen Poole, Tristan W Clark
{"title":"Randomised trials of molecular testing for pneumonia.","authors":"Stephen Poole, Tristan W Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101039"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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