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Attachment and replication of clade 2.3.4.4b influenza A (H5N1) viruses in human respiratory epithelium: an in-vitro study 2.3.4.4b进化支甲型H5N1流感病毒在人呼吸道上皮中的附着和复制:一项体外研究
IF 20.4 1区 生物学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101230
Lisa Bauer PhD , Lonneke Leijten BSc , Matteo Iervolino MSc , Varun Chopra MSc , Laura van Dijk MSc , Mark Power MSc , Willemijn Rijnink MSc , Mark Pronk BSc , Monique Spronken MSc , Mathis Funk PhD , Rory D de Vries PhD , Mathilde Richard PhD , Prof Thijs Kuiken PhD DVM , Debby van Riel PhD
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage pose a global threat to wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. Cross-species transmission events to mammals, including humans, in the past 4 years highlight this threat. For influenza A viruses, crucial determinants of cross-species and intraspecies transmission to and among mammals include attachment to and replication in respiratory airway epithelial cells. Although these determinants have been studied for H5N1 viruses in the past, limited studies for clade 2.3.4.4b viruses exist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the ability of recent clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses to attach to human respiratory tissues, to replicate in human airway epithelial cells and the associated immune response.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this in-vitro study, we investigated three H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses (H5N1<sup>Gull2022</sup>, H5N1<sup>Polecat2022</sup>, and H5N1<sup>Bovine2024</sup>) in comparison with previously studied 2.1.3.2 H5N1 (H5N1<sup>2005</sup>) and a seasonal H3N2 virus. First, we compared virus attachment patterns by virus histochemistry. Second, we investigated the infection and replication efficiency, and innate immune responses in infected human respiratory epithelium in vitro. Third, we measured polymerase complex activity using a minigenome assay.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Clade 2.3.4.4b viruses and H5N1<sup>2005</sup> virus differed by five amino acids located near the receptor binding site of the haemagglutinin. All clade 2.3.4.4b viruses attached more efficiently to cells of the human upper and lower respiratory tract compared with H5N1<sup>2005</sup> virus. All clade 2.3.4.4b viruses replicated in human nasal and tracheobronchial respiratory epithelium cultures. In the tracheobronchial respiratory epithelium cultures, H5N1<sup>Gull20</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>2</sup> virus replicated more efficiently than H5N1<sup>2005</sup> virus (p=0·0050) and reached titres similar to H3N2<sup>2003</sup> virus. Polymerase complex activity of H5N1<sup>Gull2022</sup> virus was not significantly different from that of H5N1<sup>2005</sup> and was significantly lower compared with H3N2<sup>2003</sup> virus (p≤0·0001). Infection with H5N1<sup>Gull2022</sup> virus induced a broader antiviral immune response than H5N1<sup>2005</sup> virus.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses have phenotypic characteristics that are different from a clade 2.1.3.2 H5N1<sup>2005</sup> virus. The ability of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses to attach to and replicate in respiratory epithelium likely contributes to an increased risk for both human infection and virus adaptation to humans.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>The EU, the Dutch Research Council, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, and the Dutch Ministries of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Nature, and Health,
背景:A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒对野生动物、家畜和人类构成全球性威胁。过去4年发生的哺乳动物(包括人类)跨物种传播事件凸显了这一威胁。对于甲型流感病毒,在哺乳动物之间跨物种和种内传播的关键决定因素包括附着在呼吸道上皮细胞上和在呼吸道上皮细胞中复制。尽管过去已对H5N1病毒进行了这些决定因素的研究,但对2.3.4.4b进化支病毒的研究有限。因此,本研究的目的是确定新近进化分支2.3.4.4b H5N1病毒附着于人呼吸道组织、在人气道上皮细胞中复制的能力以及相关的免疫反应。方法:在这项体外研究中,我们研究了3种H5N1进化分支2.3.4.4b病毒(H5N1Gull2022、H5N1Polecat2022和H5N1Bovine2024),并与先前研究的2.1.3.2 H5N1 (H5N12005)和季节性H3N2病毒进行了比较。首先,我们通过病毒组织化学比较了病毒的附着模式。其次,我们研究了体外感染的人呼吸道上皮细胞的感染、复制效率和先天免疫反应。第三,我们使用微小基因组测定法测量聚合酶复合物的活性。结果:进化支2.3.4.4b病毒与H5N12005病毒在血凝素受体结合位点附近存在5个氨基酸的差异。与H5N12005病毒相比,所有分支2.3.4.4b病毒对人上呼吸道和下呼吸道细胞的附着效率更高。所有分支2.3.4.4b病毒均可在人鼻和气管支气管呼吸上皮细胞培养物中复制。在气管支气管呼吸上皮细胞培养中,H5N1Gull2022病毒的复制效率高于H5N12005病毒(p= 0.0050),其滴度与H3N22003病毒相似。H5N1Gull2022病毒的聚合酶复合体活性与H5N12005无显著差异,与H3N22003病毒相比显著降低(p≤0.0001)。H5N1Gull2022病毒感染诱导的抗病毒免疫反应比H5N12005病毒更广泛。解释:2.3.4.4b进化支H5N1病毒具有不同于2.1.3.2进化支H5N12005病毒的表型特征。进化支2.3.4.4b病毒附着在呼吸道上皮上并在呼吸道上皮中复制的能力可能增加了人类感染和病毒适应人类的风险。资助:欧盟、荷兰研究理事会、荷兰卫生研究与发展组织、荷兰农业、渔业、粮食安全和自然、卫生、福利和体育部。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnostics at the frontline: using the Public Accounts Committee report to catalyse the UK’s antimicrobial resistance diagnostics strategy 一线诊断:利用公共账目委员会的报告促进英国的抗菌素耐药性诊断战略。
IF 20.4 1区 生物学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101243
Seshasailam Venkateswaran , Jessica Mitchell , Marieke Emonts , Mark Bradley , Nichola Hawkins , Andrew C Singer
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引用次数: 0
Partial deletion of the OPG164 (A36R) transmembrane phosphoprotein in monkeypox virus clade Ib/sh2023 disrupts the active region involving Tyr140 猴痘病毒分支Ib/sh2023中OPG164 (A36R)跨膜磷酸化蛋白的部分缺失破坏了涉及Tyr140的活性区域。
IF 20.4 1区 生物学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101223
Anuj Kumar , Gustavo Sganzerla Martinez , Mansi Dutt , Ali Toloue Ostadgavahi , Alyson Kelvin , David J Kelvin
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引用次数: 0
We have the means to beat malaria, do we have the will? 我们有战胜疟疾的手段,但我们有这个意愿吗?
IF 20.4 1区 生物学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101336
The Lancet Microbe
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引用次数: 0
Editor note to PET-CT-guided characterisation of progressive, preclinical tuberculosis infection and its association with low-level circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in household contacts in Leicester, UK: a prospective cohort study 编辑注:pet - ct引导的进行性临床前结核感染特征及其与英国莱斯特家庭接触者低水平循环结核分枝杆菌DNA的关联:一项前瞻性队列研究
IF 20.4 1区 生物学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-01
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引用次数: 0
P2Y12 inhibitors in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: current evidence and clinical implications P2Y12抑制剂治疗金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症:目前的证据和临床意义
IF 20.4 1区 生物学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101255
Emanuele Rando MD , Luis Eduardo López-Cortés MD PhD , Prof Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia presents a substantial clinical burden, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite its severity, therapeutic advancements have been small in the past decade, prompting exploration of adjunctive treatment strategies against S aureus bacteraemia. Among these strategies, P2Y12 inhibitors have gained attention due to their potential antistaphylococcal and platelet-modulating effects. Preclinical studies suggest that ticagrelor enhances platelet-mediated bacterial killing and interferes with S aureus metabolism. Clinical data indicate a potential protective effect of ticagrelor in S aureus bacteraemia, as compared with that of clopidogrel. Nevertheless, clopidogrel itself appears to offer protective effects, when compared with no treatment. However, these findings are based exclusively on non-randomised studies conducted in individuals with cardiovascular disease. Two randomised trials currently in development could provide further evidence on the therapeutic role of P2Y12 inhibitors in S aureus bacteraemia. Future research should also focus on preventive strategies and identifying populations at high risk who could benefit from such interventions.
金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症是一种严重的临床负担,具有很高的发病率和死亡率。尽管其严重程度,但在过去十年中治疗进展很小,促使探索针对金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症的辅助治疗策略。在这些策略中,P2Y12抑制剂因其潜在的抗葡萄球菌和血小板调节作用而受到关注。临床前研究表明替格瑞洛增强血小板介导的细菌杀伤和干扰金黄色葡萄球菌代谢。临床数据表明,与氯吡格雷相比,替格瑞洛对金黄色葡萄球菌血症具有潜在的保护作用。然而,与无治疗相比,氯吡格雷本身似乎具有保护作用。然而,这些发现完全是基于在心血管疾病患者中进行的非随机研究。目前正在进行的两项随机试验可以进一步证明P2Y12抑制剂在金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症中的治疗作用。未来的研究还应侧重于预防战略和确定可能从这种干预措施中受益的高危人群。
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引用次数: 0
Kerala’s strategy against amoebic meningoencephalitis 喀拉拉邦对抗阿米巴脑膜脑炎的策略。
IF 20.4 1区 生物学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101305
Nazia Nagi
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引用次数: 0
Tackling vaccine hyporesponsiveness through global collaboration, diverse population studies, and data integration 通过全球合作、多样化人口研究和数据整合解决疫苗低反应性问题。
IF 20.4 1区 生物学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101263
Abena S Amoah PhD , Prof Selidji T Agnandji PhD , Michel Bengtson PhD , Jennifer A Downs PhD , Meral Esen MD , Jeevan Giddaluru PhD , Simon P Jochems PhD , Maria M M Kaisar PhD , Julia Makinde PhD , Mikhael D Manurung PhD , Prof Moustapha Mbow PhD , Gemma Moncunill PhD , Rajagopal Murugan PhD , Jacqueline Mutai PhD , Prof Helder I Nakaya PhD , Gyaviira Nkurunungi PhD , Magnus Palmblad PhD , Jeremia J Pyuza MD , Koen A Stam MSc , Wouter A A de Steenhuijsen Piters PhD , Gerhild Zauner
Vaccines have improved global health substantially, preventing millions of deaths worldwide. However, striking variations in the immunogenicity and efficacy of some vaccines persist across populations. Notably, suboptimal responses to some vaccines, also known as vaccine hyporesponsiveness, have been observed in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with high-income countries or in rural areas within LMICs compared with urban areas within LMICs. Environmental factors, host genetics, lifestyle, and nutrition contribute to immunological variations influencing vaccine responses, highlighting the need to identify key immune signatures that can be manipulated to overcome vaccine hyporesponsiveness. The integration of diverse datasets, accelerated by artificial intelligence, is essential to achieve this goal, which is currently hampered by the under-representation of data from LMICs. The HypoVax Global knowledge hub aims to address this gap by fostering international collaboration and compiling globally representative immunological data from population studies and vaccine trials. The hub offers a platform for high-dimensional data analyses, promotes equitable partnerships, and strives to ensure that all contributions lead to context-specific insights that can inform immunisation strategies to ultimately overcome vaccine hyporesponsiveness.
疫苗大大改善了全球健康,防止了全世界数百万人死亡。然而,某些疫苗的免疫原性和效力在人群中仍然存在显著差异。值得注意的是,与高收入国家相比,在低收入和中等收入国家(中低收入国家),或与中低收入国家的城市地区相比,在中低收入国家的农村地区,对某些疫苗的反应不佳,也被称为疫苗反应不足。环境因素、宿主遗传、生活方式和营养有助于影响疫苗反应的免疫变异,强调需要确定可被操纵以克服疫苗低反应的关键免疫特征。人工智能加速了不同数据集的整合,这对于实现这一目标至关重要。目前,中低收入国家的数据代表性不足阻碍了这一目标的实现。HypoVax全球知识中心旨在通过促进国际合作和汇编来自人口研究和疫苗试验的具有全球代表性的免疫学数据来解决这一差距。该中心为高维数据分析提供了一个平台,促进公平的伙伴关系,并努力确保所有贡献都能产生针对具体情况的见解,从而为免疫战略提供信息,最终克服疫苗低反应性。
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引用次数: 0
Prospective characterisation of drug-resistant bloodstream infections in Africa and Asia (ACORN2): a surveillance network assessment 非洲和亚洲耐药血液感染的前瞻性特征(ACORN2):一项监测网络评估
IF 20.4 1区 生物学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101228
Jill Hopkins MMedSc , Sue J Lee PhD , Naomi Waithira MSc , Chris Painter MSc , Clare L Ling PhD , Tamalee Roberts PhD , Thyl Miliya MD , Noah Obeng-Nkrumah PhD , Prof Japheth A Opintan PhD , Emmanuel P Abbeyquaye FWACP , Raph L Hamers MD , Yulia Rosa Saharman MD , Robert Sinto MD , Mulya Rahma Karyanti MD , R Fera Ibrahim MD , Samuel O Akech PhD , Prof Elizabeth A Ashley MRCP , Anousone Douangnouvong MD , Khamla Choumlivong MD , Prof Nicholas A Feasey PhD , Hong Phuong Trinh Thi

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat, but there is scarcity of laboratory surveillance data linked to clinical information to determine burden and inform interventions, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. The ACORN2 study sought to address this through prospective case-based surveillance in 19 hospitals across Africa and Asia to characterise drug-resistant infections by origin, clinical syndrome, patient age, outcome, and geographical location.

Methods

Patients were enrolled on selected wards and clinical data were collected daily for community-acquired infections (CAIs). Point prevalence surveys for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) were conducted weekly. Mortality was assessed at discharge and after 28 days. Linked microbiology data were extracted from local laboratory databases. Primary descriptive analyses focused on WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System pathogen (target organism) bloodstream infections (BSIs). Comparisons were adjusted for clustering by site using random effects models.

Findings

Over 31 months, 41 907 infections were characterised from 41 032 admissions. Two-thirds were children (19 351; 47·2%) or neonates (6649; 16·2%). There were marked differences in pathogen incidence and antibiotic resistance when clinical infections were stratified by patient age category and infection origin (CAI/HAI). The highest rates of target organism AMR BSI were third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Escherichia coli (718·56/100 000 blood cultured infection episodes), meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (586·89/100 000 blood cultured infection episodes), and 3GC-R Klebsiella pneumoniae (364·92/100 000 blood cultured infection episodes). In-hospital mortality was 13·1% (166/1265) in patients with target organism BSI versus 6·2% (1357/21 845) in those with negative blood cultures, p<0·0001.

Interpretation

ACORN2 has shown practical implementation of collecting linked clinical-laboratory AMR data in low-income and middle-income countries and identified a significant burden of WHO GLASS BSI. Adoption of the ACORN2 approach at scale might enhance use of diagnostic microbiology and improve the volume of clinical data included in national and global AMR surveillance datasets.

Funding

Wellcome.
背景:抗菌素耐药性(AMR)是一项主要的全球健康威胁,但缺乏与临床信息相关联的实验室监测数据,无法确定负担并为干预措施提供信息,低收入和中等收入国家尤其如此。ACORN2研究试图通过在非洲和亚洲的19家医院进行基于病例的前瞻性监测来解决这一问题,以确定耐药感染的来源、临床综合征、患者年龄、结局和地理位置。方法:在选定的病房招募患者,每天收集社区获得性感染(CAIs)的临床数据。每周对医院获得性感染(HAIs)进行点流行率调查。出院时和出院后28天分别评估死亡率。相关的微生物学数据是从当地实验室数据库中提取的。主要描述性分析侧重于世卫组织全球抗微生物药物耐药性和使用监测系统病原体(目标生物)血流感染(bsi)。采用随机效应模型按地点进行聚类调整比较。结果:在31个月内,41 032例入院患者中有41 907例感染。三分之二为儿童(19351人,47.2%)或新生儿(6649人,16.2%)。临床感染按患者年龄类别和感染来源分层(CAI/HAI)时,病原菌发病率和抗生素耐药性有显著差异。靶菌AMR BSI检出率最高的是第三代耐头孢菌素(3GC-R)大肠杆菌(718 56/10万血培养感染)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(586 89/10万血培养感染)和3GC-R肺炎克雷伯菌(364 92/10万血培养感染)。目标生物BSI患者的住院死亡率为13.1%(166/1265),而血培养阴性患者的住院死亡率为6.2%(1357/ 21845)。解释:ACORN2显示了在低收入和中等收入国家收集相关临床-实验室AMR数据的实际实施情况,并确定了世卫组织GLASS BSI的重大负担。大规模采用ACORN2方法可能会加强诊断微生物学的使用,并改善国家和全球抗菌素耐药性监测数据集中的临床数据量。资金:威康。
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引用次数: 0
Promise and peril: doxycycline prophylaxis and the spread of resistance among diverse populations 希望与危险:多西环素预防和耐药性在不同人群中的传播。
IF 20.4 1区 生物学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101222
Michael E DeWitt , Jennifer J Wenner , Brinkley R Bellotti , Joshua A Manuel , Cindy Toler , Elizabeth Palavecino , Candice J McNeil
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引用次数: 0
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Lancet Microbe
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