Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00103-4
{"title":"Used antigenic devices as a matrix for molecular detection of respiratory viruses","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00103-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00103-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00140-X
{"title":"Need for high-resolution observational cohort studies to understand the natural history of tuberculosis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00140-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00140-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00109-5
In June, 2023, the Council of the EU published a recommendation that the European Commission should contribute to the design and governance of an EU cross-country pull incentive to stimulate antimicrobial innovation and access. In this Personal View, we discuss six key considerations to support the implementation of the new pull incentive—ie, the size of the potential pull incentive and possible contributions of the member states, design of the incentive model, interplay of the new pull incentive with the proposed revisions of the EU pharmaceutical legislation, roles and responsibilities of both the EU and member states, balance between pull and push incentives, and global cooperation and responsibility. As the involvement of the member states with the EU pull incentive will be voluntary, member states should have confidence that the processes used to identify eligible antimicrobials, negotiate terms and conditions, and oversee access agreements are transparent, inclusive, and methodologically robust.
{"title":"Implementing an EU pull incentive for antimicrobial innovation and access: blueprint for action","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00109-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00109-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In June, 2023, the Council of the EU published a recommendation that the European Commission should contribute to the design and governance of an EU cross-country pull incentive to stimulate antimicrobial innovation and access. In this Personal View, we discuss six key considerations to support the implementation of the new pull incentive—ie, the size of the potential pull incentive and possible contributions of the member states, design of the incentive model, interplay of the new pull incentive with the proposed revisions of the EU pharmaceutical legislation, roles and responsibilities of both the EU and member states, balance between pull and push incentives, and global cooperation and responsibility. As the involvement of the member states with the EU pull incentive will be voluntary, member states should have confidence that the processes used to identify eligible antimicrobials, negotiate terms and conditions, and oversee access agreements are transparent, inclusive, and methodologically robust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00157-5
{"title":"Stability of Bas-Congo virus neutralising antibodies in serum samples during long-term storage—Authors’ reply","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00157-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00157-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00116-2
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Similarly to wild poliovirus, vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) strains can cause acute flaccid paralysis, posing a considerable challenge to public health and the eradication of poliovirus. VDPV outbreaks, particularly VDPV type 2 (VDPV2), are increasing worldwide, including in high-income countries with high vaccine coverage. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the molecular epidemiology of a widespread VDPV2 outbreak in Israel in 2022–23 using conventional polio identification techniques and whole-genome sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this genomic epidemiology study, we monitored and identified poliovirus type 2 (PV2) through the surveillance of stool samples from individuals with acute flaccid paralysis and related contacts, as well as environmental surveillance of sewage samples. Environmental surveillance involved 15 routine surveillance sites and an additional 30 sites dedicated to monitoring this outbreak, covering approximately 70% of Israel's population between April 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023. Additionally, we performed phylogenetic and mutation analyses using whole-genome, next-generation sequencing of PV2 isolates to identify recombination events, characterise VDPV2 lineages according to the capsid region, and establish the geographical distribution and linkage of PV2 isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We detected 256 genetically linked samples from environmental surveillance, as well as one case of acute flaccid paralysis and four positive contacts associated with the Sabin type 2 oral vaccine strain. Most affected locations showed a high-density population of Jewish Ultra-Orthodox communities. Through high-resolution genomic characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of 202 representative sequences with complete capsid coverage, including isolates from both environmental surveillance and the case of acute flaccid paralysis, a conclusive linkage was established among all detections, confirming them to be part of a single VDPV2 outbreak. This strategy enabled the characterisation of three distinct lineages and established connections between different locations in Israel, including linking the case of acute flaccid paralysis and nearby environmental surveillance detections from the northern region with detections in the geographically distant central region.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This study highlights the role of environmental surveillance in the early detection and monitoring of poliovirus circulation, enabling a prompt public health response involving enhanced surveillance and a catch-up campaign with inactivated polio vaccine. Whole-genome sequencing offered valuable insights into the origins of the outbreak, linkage across detections, and the geographical distribution of the virus, with higher resolution than would have been possible with the standard analysis of the <em>VP1</em> gene alone.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>None.<
{"title":"Environmental surveillance of a circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 outbreak in Israel between 2022 and 2023: a genomic epidemiology study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00116-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00116-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Similarly to wild poliovirus, vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) strains can cause acute flaccid paralysis, posing a considerable challenge to public health and the eradication of poliovirus. VDPV outbreaks, particularly VDPV type 2 (VDPV2), are increasing worldwide, including in high-income countries with high vaccine coverage. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the molecular epidemiology of a widespread VDPV2 outbreak in Israel in 2022–23 using conventional polio identification techniques and whole-genome sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this genomic epidemiology study, we monitored and identified poliovirus type 2 (PV2) through the surveillance of stool samples from individuals with acute flaccid paralysis and related contacts, as well as environmental surveillance of sewage samples. Environmental surveillance involved 15 routine surveillance sites and an additional 30 sites dedicated to monitoring this outbreak, covering approximately 70% of Israel's population between April 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023. Additionally, we performed phylogenetic and mutation analyses using whole-genome, next-generation sequencing of PV2 isolates to identify recombination events, characterise VDPV2 lineages according to the capsid region, and establish the geographical distribution and linkage of PV2 isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We detected 256 genetically linked samples from environmental surveillance, as well as one case of acute flaccid paralysis and four positive contacts associated with the Sabin type 2 oral vaccine strain. Most affected locations showed a high-density population of Jewish Ultra-Orthodox communities. Through high-resolution genomic characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of 202 representative sequences with complete capsid coverage, including isolates from both environmental surveillance and the case of acute flaccid paralysis, a conclusive linkage was established among all detections, confirming them to be part of a single VDPV2 outbreak. This strategy enabled the characterisation of three distinct lineages and established connections between different locations in Israel, including linking the case of acute flaccid paralysis and nearby environmental surveillance detections from the northern region with detections in the geographically distant central region.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This study highlights the role of environmental surveillance in the early detection and monitoring of poliovirus circulation, enabling a prompt public health response involving enhanced surveillance and a catch-up campaign with inactivated polio vaccine. Whole-genome sequencing offered valuable insights into the origins of the outbreak, linkage across detections, and the geographical distribution of the virus, with higher resolution than would have been possible with the standard analysis of the <em>VP1</em> gene alone.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>None.<","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00127-7
Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death from an infectious agent globally. Infectious subclinical tuberculosis accounts for almost half of all tuberculosis cases in national tuberculosis prevalence surveys, and possibly contributes to transmission and might be associated with morbidity. Modelling studies suggest that new tuberculosis vaccines could have substantial health and economic effects, partly based on the assumptions made regarding subclinical tuberculosis. Evaluating the efficacy of prevention of disease tuberculosis vaccines intended for preventing both clinical and subclinical tuberculosis is a priority. Incorporation of subclinical tuberculosis as a composite endpoint in tuberculosis vaccine trials can help to reduce the sample size and duration of follow-up and to evaluate the efficacy of tuberculosis vaccines in preventing clinical and subclinical tuberculosis. Several design options with various benefits, limitations, and ethical considerations are possible in this regard, which would allow for the generation of the evidence needed to estimate the positive global effects of tuberculosis vaccine trials, in addition to informing policy and vaccination strategies.
{"title":"Implications of subclinical tuberculosis for vaccine trial design and global effect","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00127-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00127-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death from an infectious agent globally. Infectious subclinical tuberculosis accounts for almost half of all tuberculosis cases in national tuberculosis prevalence surveys, and possibly contributes to transmission and might be associated with morbidity. Modelling studies suggest that new tuberculosis vaccines could have substantial health and economic effects, partly based on the assumptions made regarding subclinical tuberculosis. Evaluating the efficacy of prevention of disease tuberculosis vaccines intended for preventing both clinical and subclinical tuberculosis is a priority. Incorporation of subclinical tuberculosis as a composite endpoint in tuberculosis vaccine trials can help to reduce the sample size and duration of follow-up and to evaluate the efficacy of tuberculosis vaccines in preventing clinical and subclinical tuberculosis. Several design options with various benefits, limitations, and ethical considerations are possible in this regard, which would allow for the generation of the evidence needed to estimate the positive global effects of tuberculosis vaccine trials, in addition to informing policy and vaccination strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100972
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, presents a substantial global health burden, affecting millions of individuals worldwide and posing a continual risk of infection. Despite the high mortality and morbidity rates, effective vaccines to prevent infection by the parasite remain elusive, and the drugs currently available are suboptimal. Understanding the intricate dynamics of parasite–host interactions and the resulting immune responses, which contribute to both protection and pathology, is crucial for the development of effective vaccines and therapies against Chagas disease. In this Series paper, we discuss the challenges associated with discovering and translating prophylactic and therapeutic strategies from the laboratory bench to clinical application. We highlight ongoing efforts in vaccine and new drug development, with a focus on more advanced candidates for vaccines and drugs. We also discuss potential solutions, emphasising the importance of collaborative research efforts, sustained funding, and a comprehensive understanding of host–parasite interactions and immunopathology to advance the development of new vaccines and therapies against Chagas disease.
{"title":"Challenges and advancements in the development of vaccines and therapies against Chagas disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em>, presents a substantial global health burden, affecting millions of individuals worldwide and posing a continual risk of infection. Despite the high mortality and morbidity rates, effective vaccines to prevent infection by the parasite remain elusive, and the drugs currently available are suboptimal. Understanding the intricate dynamics of parasite–host interactions and the resulting immune responses, which contribute to both protection and pathology, is crucial for the development of effective vaccines and therapies against Chagas disease. In this Series paper, we discuss the challenges associated with discovering and translating prophylactic and therapeutic strategies from the laboratory bench to clinical application. We highlight ongoing efforts in vaccine and new drug development, with a focus on more advanced candidates for vaccines and drugs. We also discuss potential solutions, emphasising the importance of collaborative research efforts, sustained funding, and a comprehensive understanding of host–parasite interactions and immunopathology to advance the development of new vaccines and therapies against Chagas disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00105-8
{"title":"A rapid test using a single drop of blood to screen for schistosomiasis in non-endemic countries","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00105-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00105-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141026135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00156-3
{"title":"Stability of Bas-Congo virus neutralising antibodies in serum samples during long-term storage","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00156-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00156-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100998
Robert Dyrdak, Sofia Stamouli, Shambhu Ganeshappa Aralaguppe, Martin Ekman, Hamzah Safari, Carlo Berg, Elin Movert, Neus Latorre-Margalef, Emmi Andersson, Magnus Gisslén, Joanna Nederby-Öhd, Åsa Sjödin Leufvén, Josette Schoenmakers, Sandra Broddesson, Ben Murrell, Jan Albert
{"title":"A novel SARS-CoV-2 recombinant transmitted from a patient with an acute co-infection.","authors":"Robert Dyrdak, Sofia Stamouli, Shambhu Ganeshappa Aralaguppe, Martin Ekman, Hamzah Safari, Carlo Berg, Elin Movert, Neus Latorre-Margalef, Emmi Andersson, Magnus Gisslén, Joanna Nederby-Öhd, Åsa Sjödin Leufvén, Josette Schoenmakers, Sandra Broddesson, Ben Murrell, Jan Albert","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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