Shirzad Babaei, Masoome Barani, S. Khanjani, Ahmad Ashouri
Background: The Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale (PSPS) is a self-reported 27-item measure that assesses the interpersonal aspect of perfectionism. It indicates how individuals tend to present themselves as perfect to others. Objectives: The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perfectionistic PSPS in an adult sample. Methods: The research sample included 332 adults aged 18 to 53 years old residing in Tehran who completed the PSPS scale. After the translation and back-translation process, the construct validity of the PSPS was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis as well as divergent and convergent validity. Internal consistency reliability was conducted to evaluate the reliability. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22) software and LISREL (version 8.8). Results: The three-dimensional factor structure with all 27 items was confirmed based on the fit index results and their appropriate values. Internal consistency for the total score, perfectionistic self-promotion, non-display of imperfection, and non-disclosure of imperfection scales were 0.94, 0.90, 0.89, and 0.74, respectively. Conclusions: The present study showed that the Persian version of the PSPS had appropriate validity and reliability among the Iranian adult population.
{"title":"The Persian Version of the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale: Psychometric Properties","authors":"Shirzad Babaei, Masoome Barani, S. Khanjani, Ahmad Ashouri","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-132901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-132901","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale (PSPS) is a self-reported 27-item measure that assesses the interpersonal aspect of perfectionism. It indicates how individuals tend to present themselves as perfect to others. Objectives: The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perfectionistic PSPS in an adult sample. Methods: The research sample included 332 adults aged 18 to 53 years old residing in Tehran who completed the PSPS scale. After the translation and back-translation process, the construct validity of the PSPS was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis as well as divergent and convergent validity. Internal consistency reliability was conducted to evaluate the reliability. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22) software and LISREL (version 8.8). Results: The three-dimensional factor structure with all 27 items was confirmed based on the fit index results and their appropriate values. Internal consistency for the total score, perfectionistic self-promotion, non-display of imperfection, and non-disclosure of imperfection scales were 0.94, 0.90, 0.89, and 0.74, respectively. Conclusions: The present study showed that the Persian version of the PSPS had appropriate validity and reliability among the Iranian adult population.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shirzad Babaei, Masoome Barani, S. Khanjani, Ahmad Ashouri
Background: The Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale (PSPS) is a self-reported 27-item measure that assesses the interpersonal aspect of perfectionism. It indicates how individuals tend to present themselves as perfect to others. Objectives: The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perfectionistic PSPS in an adult sample. Methods: The research sample included 332 adults aged 18 to 53 years old residing in Tehran who completed the PSPS scale. After the translation and back-translation process, the construct validity of the PSPS was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis as well as divergent and convergent validity. Internal consistency reliability was conducted to evaluate the reliability. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22) software and LISREL (version 8.8). Results: The three-dimensional factor structure with all 27 items was confirmed based on the fit index results and their appropriate values. Internal consistency for the total score, perfectionistic self-promotion, non-display of imperfection, and non-disclosure of imperfection scales were 0.94, 0.90, 0.89, and 0.74, respectively. Conclusions: The present study showed that the Persian version of the PSPS had appropriate validity and reliability among the Iranian adult population.
{"title":"The Persian Version of the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale: Psychometric Properties","authors":"Shirzad Babaei, Masoome Barani, S. Khanjani, Ahmad Ashouri","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-132901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-132901","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale (PSPS) is a self-reported 27-item measure that assesses the interpersonal aspect of perfectionism. It indicates how individuals tend to present themselves as perfect to others. Objectives: The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perfectionistic PSPS in an adult sample. Methods: The research sample included 332 adults aged 18 to 53 years old residing in Tehran who completed the PSPS scale. After the translation and back-translation process, the construct validity of the PSPS was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis as well as divergent and convergent validity. Internal consistency reliability was conducted to evaluate the reliability. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22) software and LISREL (version 8.8). Results: The three-dimensional factor structure with all 27 items was confirmed based on the fit index results and their appropriate values. Internal consistency for the total score, perfectionistic self-promotion, non-display of imperfection, and non-disclosure of imperfection scales were 0.94, 0.90, 0.89, and 0.74, respectively. Conclusions: The present study showed that the Persian version of the PSPS had appropriate validity and reliability among the Iranian adult population.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The validity of self-reported methamphetamine use among treatment-seeking patients has been reported as inconsistent and therefore inconclusive. Objectives: To evaluate the validity of self-reported methamphetamine use versus urinalysis in patients with methamphetamine use disorder at a drug treatment center. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 71 individuals with methamphetamine use disorder who were referred to the Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) clinic. Self-reported methamphetamine use in the last 72 hours was compared to urinalysis, conducted using the immunoassay technique. Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), Cohen's kappa statistics, percent agreement, and positive percent agreement were estimated. Results: Only 24.6% of participants reported methamphetamine use during treatment. Self-reported methamphetamine use had a sensitivity of 50.0% and a NPV of 86.0%. The percent agreement, positive percent agreement, and Cohen's kappa statistic between self-reported use and the urine test were 86.0%, 42.8%, and 52.4%, respectively. No significant factors were found to be associated with the agreement between self-reported use and the urine test. Conclusions: The validity of self-reported methamphetamine use appears to be relatively acceptable and can be used with caution for monitoring treatment.
{"title":"Self-Reported Methamphetamine Use Versus Biological Testing Among Treatment-Seeking Patients","authors":"Jaleh Gholami, Maryam Ardeshir, Yasna Rostam-Abadi, Shahab Baheshmat, Behrang Shadloo, A. Rahimi-Movaghar","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-148330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-148330","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The validity of self-reported methamphetamine use among treatment-seeking patients has been reported as inconsistent and therefore inconclusive. Objectives: To evaluate the validity of self-reported methamphetamine use versus urinalysis in patients with methamphetamine use disorder at a drug treatment center. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 71 individuals with methamphetamine use disorder who were referred to the Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) clinic. Self-reported methamphetamine use in the last 72 hours was compared to urinalysis, conducted using the immunoassay technique. Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), Cohen's kappa statistics, percent agreement, and positive percent agreement were estimated. Results: Only 24.6% of participants reported methamphetamine use during treatment. Self-reported methamphetamine use had a sensitivity of 50.0% and a NPV of 86.0%. The percent agreement, positive percent agreement, and Cohen's kappa statistic between self-reported use and the urine test were 86.0%, 42.8%, and 52.4%, respectively. No significant factors were found to be associated with the agreement between self-reported use and the urine test. Conclusions: The validity of self-reported methamphetamine use appears to be relatively acceptable and can be used with caution for monitoring treatment.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Rostami, Omid R Gorjestani, Kobra Khalilpour, Zoha Ali, Mina Mahboudi, Hamidreza Ghadimi, Alireza Hasanzadeh, Sara Rostami
Background: Given the inherent nature of their job, law enforcement staff regularly confront major stressors. Objectives: The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among law enforcement staff is about twice that of the general population. We conducted this study to assess PTSD risk factors among this population. Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted on patients with PTSD working as law enforcement staff as the case group, and their comrades with no PTSD as the control group. We used a questionnaire, including possible factors contributing to the development of PTSD, to gather the data. Binomial logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 84 participants were included in the study. We found that some factors could be protective against PTSD, including marriage (OR: 0.270, 95% CI: 0.087 - 0.839, P-value: 0.024), having an academic degree (OR: 0.333, 95% CI: 0.114 - 0.978, P-value: 0.045), higher income (R2: 0.081; OR: 0.849, 95% CI: 0.721 - 1.000, P-value: 0.050), and receiving satisfactory family support (OR: 0.413, 95% CI: 0.171 - 0.999, P-value: 0.050). Furthermore, logistic regression showed that a positive psychological history (OR: 2.562, 95% CI: 1.025 - 6.406, P-value: 0.044), a positive familial psychological history (OR: 2.667, 95% CI: 1.099 - 6.406, P-value: 0.030), and encountering trauma (aside from the current trauma) after 18 years of age (OR: 2.643, 95% CI: 1.038 - 6.731, P-value: 0.041) are risk factors for PTSD. Conclusions: Our results showed that marriage, having an academic degree, higher income, and receiving satisfactory family support are protective factors. In addition, the risk factors for PTSD include a positive psychological history, a positive familial psychological history, and encountering trauma (aside from the current trauma) after 18 years of age. However, given our limitations, further studies should be conducted before drawing solid conclusions.
{"title":"Assessment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Risk Factors Among Law Enforcement Staff: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Hossein Rostami, Omid R Gorjestani, Kobra Khalilpour, Zoha Ali, Mina Mahboudi, Hamidreza Ghadimi, Alireza Hasanzadeh, Sara Rostami","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-141617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-141617","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Given the inherent nature of their job, law enforcement staff regularly confront major stressors. Objectives: The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among law enforcement staff is about twice that of the general population. We conducted this study to assess PTSD risk factors among this population. Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted on patients with PTSD working as law enforcement staff as the case group, and their comrades with no PTSD as the control group. We used a questionnaire, including possible factors contributing to the development of PTSD, to gather the data. Binomial logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 84 participants were included in the study. We found that some factors could be protective against PTSD, including marriage (OR: 0.270, 95% CI: 0.087 - 0.839, P-value: 0.024), having an academic degree (OR: 0.333, 95% CI: 0.114 - 0.978, P-value: 0.045), higher income (R2: 0.081; OR: 0.849, 95% CI: 0.721 - 1.000, P-value: 0.050), and receiving satisfactory family support (OR: 0.413, 95% CI: 0.171 - 0.999, P-value: 0.050). Furthermore, logistic regression showed that a positive psychological history (OR: 2.562, 95% CI: 1.025 - 6.406, P-value: 0.044), a positive familial psychological history (OR: 2.667, 95% CI: 1.099 - 6.406, P-value: 0.030), and encountering trauma (aside from the current trauma) after 18 years of age (OR: 2.643, 95% CI: 1.038 - 6.731, P-value: 0.041) are risk factors for PTSD. Conclusions: Our results showed that marriage, having an academic degree, higher income, and receiving satisfactory family support are protective factors. In addition, the risk factors for PTSD include a positive psychological history, a positive familial psychological history, and encountering trauma (aside from the current trauma) after 18 years of age. However, given our limitations, further studies should be conducted before drawing solid conclusions.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is widely used in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. While the standard therapeutic dose of fluoxetine is typically 20 - 60 mg per day, slow-release higher doses, such as 90 mg/weekly and more recently 180 mg/weekly, have been explored to assess their potential benefits in certain psychiatric conditions. This mini-review aims to evaluate the evidence regarding the effects, efficacy, and safety profile of fluoxetine at a dosage of 90 mg in psychiatry. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) to identify relevant studies published until July 2023. Studies investigating the use of fluoxetine at a dosage of 90 mg/week in psychiatric conditions were included. The identified studies were critically appraised for their methodology and quality. Results: Limited research has specifically examined the effects of fluoxetine at a dosage of 90 mg/week in psychiatry. However, some studies have investigated this dosage form and provided insights into its potential efficacy in treating certain psychiatric conditions, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premature ejaculation, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. These studies have shown that compliance with weekly fluoxetine was better than with once-daily dosing. Conclusions: Once-weekly dosing may be effective in psychiatry, improving compliance and enhancing psychological well-being.
{"title":"The Efficacy and Safety of Fluoxetine Delayed-Release 90 mg/Weekly in Psychiatry: An Evidence-Based Mini-Review","authors":"Niayesh Mohebbi, M. Motamed, Mahsa Panahishokouh","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-146023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-146023","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is widely used in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. While the standard therapeutic dose of fluoxetine is typically 20 - 60 mg per day, slow-release higher doses, such as 90 mg/weekly and more recently 180 mg/weekly, have been explored to assess their potential benefits in certain psychiatric conditions. This mini-review aims to evaluate the evidence regarding the effects, efficacy, and safety profile of fluoxetine at a dosage of 90 mg in psychiatry. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) to identify relevant studies published until July 2023. Studies investigating the use of fluoxetine at a dosage of 90 mg/week in psychiatric conditions were included. The identified studies were critically appraised for their methodology and quality. Results: Limited research has specifically examined the effects of fluoxetine at a dosage of 90 mg/week in psychiatry. However, some studies have investigated this dosage form and provided insights into its potential efficacy in treating certain psychiatric conditions, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premature ejaculation, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. These studies have shown that compliance with weekly fluoxetine was better than with once-daily dosing. Conclusions: Once-weekly dosing may be effective in psychiatry, improving compliance and enhancing psychological well-being.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Depression is one of the most common mood disorders and a major public health concern. Ellagic acid (EA), a type of polyphenol, acts as a strong hydrogen bond network as an electron receptor, enabling it to participate in various reactions. Objectives: Major depression is a critical medical condition that has emerged as a public health issue due to its high incidence, mortality, and suicide rates. One significant factor in the pathogenesis of depression is oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ellagic acid supplementation on antioxidant status and symptom improvement in patients with major depressive disorder, considering the antioxidant capabilities of ellagic acid. Methods: A total of 40 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder based on DSM-V criteria were assessed using the Beck Depression and Hamilton Depression Questionnaires. The dietary and caloric intake of the patients were monitored. Additionally, height and weight were measured, and patients with similar age, gender, and weight were matched. The individuals were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the placebo group using a randomization table. The intervention group received a daily dose of 200 mg of ellagic acid in capsule form. The placebo group received a daily dose of one capsule containing 200 mg of wheat flour, identical in appearance to the intervention substance. The study period lasted for 8 weeks. Venous blood samples were collected before and after the study from all 40 individuals, and after serum separation, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity). were measured using a specific kit and ELISA method. Results: The study results showed a significant reduction in depression scores in the ellagic acid group during the study (P: 0.001)., with these alterations being significant when compared to the placebo group. In the ellagic acid group, a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (P: 0.027). and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels (P: 0.014). were observed at the end of the study, and these changes were significant compared to the placebo group. In contrast, significant changes in total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels were not observed in the placebo group. Conclusions: The current study indicates that ellagic acid intervention may have a favorable effect on depression in patients with major depressive disorder. This is achieved by reducing BDI scores and serum levels of MDA, as well as increasing serum levels of TAC in these patients compared to the placebo group. However, further investigation is necessary to explore the mechanisms underlying the different alterations of ellagic acid in depression.
{"title":"Effects of Ellagic Acid Supplementation on Antioxidant Status and Symptom Improvement in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini, M. Zarghami, Hossein Khadem Haghighian, Amirhosein Babaie roochi, saeid Abediankenari, Saeed Kargar Soleiman Abad, Gholamreza Houshmand","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-144775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-144775","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression is one of the most common mood disorders and a major public health concern. Ellagic acid (EA), a type of polyphenol, acts as a strong hydrogen bond network as an electron receptor, enabling it to participate in various reactions. Objectives: Major depression is a critical medical condition that has emerged as a public health issue due to its high incidence, mortality, and suicide rates. One significant factor in the pathogenesis of depression is oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ellagic acid supplementation on antioxidant status and symptom improvement in patients with major depressive disorder, considering the antioxidant capabilities of ellagic acid. Methods: A total of 40 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder based on DSM-V criteria were assessed using the Beck Depression and Hamilton Depression Questionnaires. The dietary and caloric intake of the patients were monitored. Additionally, height and weight were measured, and patients with similar age, gender, and weight were matched. The individuals were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the placebo group using a randomization table. The intervention group received a daily dose of 200 mg of ellagic acid in capsule form. The placebo group received a daily dose of one capsule containing 200 mg of wheat flour, identical in appearance to the intervention substance. The study period lasted for 8 weeks. Venous blood samples were collected before and after the study from all 40 individuals, and after serum separation, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity). were measured using a specific kit and ELISA method. Results: The study results showed a significant reduction in depression scores in the ellagic acid group during the study (P: 0.001)., with these alterations being significant when compared to the placebo group. In the ellagic acid group, a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (P: 0.027). and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels (P: 0.014). were observed at the end of the study, and these changes were significant compared to the placebo group. In contrast, significant changes in total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels were not observed in the placebo group. Conclusions: The current study indicates that ellagic acid intervention may have a favorable effect on depression in patients with major depressive disorder. This is achieved by reducing BDI scores and serum levels of MDA, as well as increasing serum levels of TAC in these patients compared to the placebo group. However, further investigation is necessary to explore the mechanisms underlying the different alterations of ellagic acid in depression.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Sayad Nasiri, Mohammad Hasan Farhadi, Alireza Noroozi, Narges Dostkaramooz, Jafar Babapour, Ali Nazeri Astaneh, Mahdi Noroozi
Background: One of the most common psychological problems among people who use drugs (PWUD) is cognitive impairments (CIs). Several studies show that the prevalence of cognitive impairments in PWUD is higher than in the general population. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of CI and its related factors among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed among PWID in 2023. About 410 PWID were recruited using snowball and convenience sampling in four provinces in Iran. Demographic and clinical data, as well as the status of cognitive impairments, were collected using bio-behavioral and Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaires, respectively. We examined the relationship between all independent variables and CIs status using bivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of CI among participants was 28% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22% - 32%). Behaviors associated with an increased risk of CIs included the length of injecting drug use [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 2.7, P = 0.01], methamphetamine use (aOR = 2.8, P < 0.05), and alcohol use (aOR = 2.8, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Methamphetamine and alcohol use were identified as the main predictors of cognitive impairments among PWID. It also seems necessary to consider new interventions in harm reduction programs to address cognitive impairments.
{"title":"Cognitive Impairments and Its Related Factors in People Who Injects Drugs in Iran","authors":"Mohammad Sayad Nasiri, Mohammad Hasan Farhadi, Alireza Noroozi, Narges Dostkaramooz, Jafar Babapour, Ali Nazeri Astaneh, Mahdi Noroozi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-145292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-145292","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most common psychological problems among people who use drugs (PWUD) is cognitive impairments (CIs). Several studies show that the prevalence of cognitive impairments in PWUD is higher than in the general population. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of CI and its related factors among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed among PWID in 2023. About 410 PWID were recruited using snowball and convenience sampling in four provinces in Iran. Demographic and clinical data, as well as the status of cognitive impairments, were collected using bio-behavioral and Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaires, respectively. We examined the relationship between all independent variables and CIs status using bivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of CI among participants was 28% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22% - 32%). Behaviors associated with an increased risk of CIs included the length of injecting drug use [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 2.7, P = 0.01], methamphetamine use (aOR = 2.8, P < 0.05), and alcohol use (aOR = 2.8, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Methamphetamine and alcohol use were identified as the main predictors of cognitive impairments among PWID. It also seems necessary to consider new interventions in harm reduction programs to address cognitive impairments.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Amiri, Ali Hosseini, Nazila Akbarfahimi, Abbas Ebadi
Background: There is uncertainty in identifying which aspects of functioning should be prioritized in the clinical brief assessment of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Brief ICF category sets specify the essential aspects of functioning that should be addressed in such assessments. Objectives: This study aimed to develop five brief ICF category sets based on the functional limitations of children with CP, as viewed by Iranian occupational therapists (OTs). Methods: This cross-sectional, multi-method study was conducted from January to May 2022 in Iran. Nineteen OTs were recruited through purposive sampling for a Delphi process, and ten OTs through snowball sampling for an expert panel, all experienced in CP and ICF. The Delphi involved two rounds of electronic surveys, where participants identified categories that should be minimally addressed in brief assessments of children aged 6 - 12 with CP based on their functional limitations. The content validity of these sets was then quantitatively evaluated by the expert panel. Results: Most confirmed categories in the gross and fine motor brief sets pertained to body structure and function, while those in the eating-and-drinking and communication-function brief sets related to cognition and motor reflexes. Categories in the visual function brief set pertained to activity, participation, and environmental factors. Content validity ratio (CVR) and item-content validity indexes (I-CVI) ranged from 0.80 to 1 across all categories/brief sets, with scale-content validity index/Average (S-CVI/Ave) ranging from 0.95 to 0.98. Conclusions: These functional-based ICF brief sets are the first developed for children with CP in this age group and provide occupational therapists with tools to address crucial aspects of functioning, tailored to specific functional limitations. However, cultural biases and the generalizability of these brief sets remain limitations.
{"title":"The Development and Content Validation of Brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Category Sets for 6 - 12-Year-Old Children with Cerebral Palsy, from the Perspective of Iranian Occupational Therapists","authors":"Alireza Amiri, Ali Hosseini, Nazila Akbarfahimi, Abbas Ebadi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-143577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-143577","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is uncertainty in identifying which aspects of functioning should be prioritized in the clinical brief assessment of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Brief ICF category sets specify the essential aspects of functioning that should be addressed in such assessments. Objectives: This study aimed to develop five brief ICF category sets based on the functional limitations of children with CP, as viewed by Iranian occupational therapists (OTs). Methods: This cross-sectional, multi-method study was conducted from January to May 2022 in Iran. Nineteen OTs were recruited through purposive sampling for a Delphi process, and ten OTs through snowball sampling for an expert panel, all experienced in CP and ICF. The Delphi involved two rounds of electronic surveys, where participants identified categories that should be minimally addressed in brief assessments of children aged 6 - 12 with CP based on their functional limitations. The content validity of these sets was then quantitatively evaluated by the expert panel. Results: Most confirmed categories in the gross and fine motor brief sets pertained to body structure and function, while those in the eating-and-drinking and communication-function brief sets related to cognition and motor reflexes. Categories in the visual function brief set pertained to activity, participation, and environmental factors. Content validity ratio (CVR) and item-content validity indexes (I-CVI) ranged from 0.80 to 1 across all categories/brief sets, with scale-content validity index/Average (S-CVI/Ave) ranging from 0.95 to 0.98. Conclusions: These functional-based ICF brief sets are the first developed for children with CP in this age group and provide occupational therapists with tools to address crucial aspects of functioning, tailored to specific functional limitations. However, cultural biases and the generalizability of these brief sets remain limitations.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a surge in the consumption of beverages containing methanol, as individuals have erroneously surmised that the ingestion of alcohol could potentially serve as a protective measure against the virus. Objectives: The aim of this systematic study was to investigate methanol toxicity and its clinical complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A comprehensive search for sources was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as Iranian databases such as Magiran, Iran Doc, and SID. The search spanned from December 2019 to November 2022. The inclusion criteria for this review specified cross-sectional studies that examined the prevalence of methanol toxicity and its complications during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methodological quality was assessed for each study included in the review. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the consumption of alcohol, including ethanol and methanol, increased. Men were more likely to consume alcohol compared to women, and a higher number of deaths were reported among young individuals. Visual impairment emerged as one of the most common complications of methanol poisoning, with an increase in its incidence during the disease outbreak. Conclusions: Given the growing concerns about methanol poisoning, enhancing public awareness could significantly reduce both the prevalence of clinical complications and mortality rates. Therefore, it is recommended that greater emphasis be placed on improving education and raising awareness about methanol poisoning within Iran.
{"title":"Methanol Poisoning and Its Clinical Complications During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran: A Systematic Review","authors":"Kamaledin Alaedini, Zahra Behroozi, Aghdas Souresrafil, Mohammad Barzegar, Maryam Sefidgarnia, Mahsa Tashakori-Miyanroudi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-140558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-140558","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a surge in the consumption of beverages containing methanol, as individuals have erroneously surmised that the ingestion of alcohol could potentially serve as a protective measure against the virus. Objectives: The aim of this systematic study was to investigate methanol toxicity and its clinical complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A comprehensive search for sources was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as Iranian databases such as Magiran, Iran Doc, and SID. The search spanned from December 2019 to November 2022. The inclusion criteria for this review specified cross-sectional studies that examined the prevalence of methanol toxicity and its complications during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methodological quality was assessed for each study included in the review. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the consumption of alcohol, including ethanol and methanol, increased. Men were more likely to consume alcohol compared to women, and a higher number of deaths were reported among young individuals. Visual impairment emerged as one of the most common complications of methanol poisoning, with an increase in its incidence during the disease outbreak. Conclusions: Given the growing concerns about methanol poisoning, enhancing public awareness could significantly reduce both the prevalence of clinical complications and mortality rates. Therefore, it is recommended that greater emphasis be placed on improving education and raising awareness about methanol poisoning within Iran.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamidreza Sajadi Monazah, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Soliemani, Faeze Jahan
Background: Collective violence is a significant social issue that impacts individuals' and groups' mental and physical health, social relationships, and educational levels. However, there is currently no valid and reliable scale to measure the acceptance of collective violence among adolescents. Objectives: This study aimed to validate the Multidimensional Scale of Acceptance of Collective Violence (MSACV). Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to validate the MSACV among teenagers in Tehran in 2022. The sample included 840 teenagers selected through random cluster sampling. Data were collected electronically using MSACV and the Aggression Scale (AS), with the questionnaire link sent to participants' mobile phones. Content validity, concurrent validity, and factor analysis methods were used to assess scale validity. Scale reliability was evaluated through internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability. Results: The content validity ratio (CVR) values ranged from 68% to 91%, and the Content Validity Index (CVI) values ranged from 70% to 94% for the relevant, clarity, and simplicity indices. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that the MSACV questionnaire had 7 factors, explaining a total variance of 58.97%. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) also supported the 7-factor structure of the MSACV questionnaire. The concurrent validity of MSACV with AS was positive and significant (P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.91, and subscales ranged from 0.70 to 0.94. Test-retest reliability was 0.86, and split-half reliability was 0.74. Conclusions: This study's findings demonstrate that the MSACV is a valid and reliable scale for measuring the acceptance of collective violence among adolescents. This scale can assist researchers and interventionists in the prevention and treatment of collective violence.
{"title":"Investigating the Factor Structure and Validation of the Multidimensional Scale of Acceptance of Collective Violence Among Teenagers: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis","authors":"Hamidreza Sajadi Monazah, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Soliemani, Faeze Jahan","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-137999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-137999","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Collective violence is a significant social issue that impacts individuals' and groups' mental and physical health, social relationships, and educational levels. However, there is currently no valid and reliable scale to measure the acceptance of collective violence among adolescents. Objectives: This study aimed to validate the Multidimensional Scale of Acceptance of Collective Violence (MSACV). Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to validate the MSACV among teenagers in Tehran in 2022. The sample included 840 teenagers selected through random cluster sampling. Data were collected electronically using MSACV and the Aggression Scale (AS), with the questionnaire link sent to participants' mobile phones. Content validity, concurrent validity, and factor analysis methods were used to assess scale validity. Scale reliability was evaluated through internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability. Results: The content validity ratio (CVR) values ranged from 68% to 91%, and the Content Validity Index (CVI) values ranged from 70% to 94% for the relevant, clarity, and simplicity indices. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that the MSACV questionnaire had 7 factors, explaining a total variance of 58.97%. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) also supported the 7-factor structure of the MSACV questionnaire. The concurrent validity of MSACV with AS was positive and significant (P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.91, and subscales ranged from 0.70 to 0.94. Test-retest reliability was 0.86, and split-half reliability was 0.74. Conclusions: This study's findings demonstrate that the MSACV is a valid and reliable scale for measuring the acceptance of collective violence among adolescents. This scale can assist researchers and interventionists in the prevention and treatment of collective violence.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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