M. Khalkhali, Bahareh Habibi, Fatemeh Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi, H. Farrahi, R. Zare, Parnian Khalkhali
Background: Psychiatric disorders frequently accompany comorbid conditions, which can have negative prognostic effects. The etiological and phenomenological distinctions between these conditions may have significant implications for their therapeutic approach and clinical course. Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the symptomatic and therapeutic significance of comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: This cross-sectional study included OCD patients referred to private and institutional psychiatric clinics in Rasht, Guilan, in 2021. All participants were divided into two groups: those with OCD and those with both OCD and GAD (OCD-GAD). The diagnoses were determined using structured clinical interviews that followed the DSM-5-research version (DSM-5-RV) criteria and included psychiatric histories. Patients were assessed using the Hamilton anxiety rating (HAM) scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of the 146 participants, 80 had only OCD, while 66 had both OCD and GAD. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in GAF scores throughout the treatment period (P < 0.0001); however, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of these improvements. The Y-BOCS score was significantly higher in the OCD group at baseline (P < 0.0001), and it decreased more during the first 3 months in the OCD-GAD group (P = 0.006). The severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to symmetry (P = 0.014), hoarding (P = 0.034), taboo thoughts (P = 0.023), and aggression (P = 0.002) was significantly higher in the group with OCD. Both HAM-A and Y-BOCS scores decreased over time, but HAM-A showed a greater decline at the first follow-up, while Y-BOCS showed a greater decline at the second follow-up. Conclusions: Considering our findings, OCD-GAD diagnosis is not a unique subcategory of current psychiatric disorders, and it is not necessarily beneficial to regard it as such. However, we found that the comorbidity of GAD did not harm the prognosis of patients with OCD. Further investigations are recommended to evaluate the clinical significance of OCD-GAD comorbidity.
{"title":"Symptomatic and Therapeutic Significance of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","authors":"M. Khalkhali, Bahareh Habibi, Fatemeh Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi, H. Farrahi, R. Zare, Parnian Khalkhali","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-131505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-131505","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psychiatric disorders frequently accompany comorbid conditions, which can have negative prognostic effects. The etiological and phenomenological distinctions between these conditions may have significant implications for their therapeutic approach and clinical course. Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the symptomatic and therapeutic significance of comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: This cross-sectional study included OCD patients referred to private and institutional psychiatric clinics in Rasht, Guilan, in 2021. All participants were divided into two groups: those with OCD and those with both OCD and GAD (OCD-GAD). The diagnoses were determined using structured clinical interviews that followed the DSM-5-research version (DSM-5-RV) criteria and included psychiatric histories. Patients were assessed using the Hamilton anxiety rating (HAM) scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of the 146 participants, 80 had only OCD, while 66 had both OCD and GAD. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in GAF scores throughout the treatment period (P < 0.0001); however, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of these improvements. The Y-BOCS score was significantly higher in the OCD group at baseline (P < 0.0001), and it decreased more during the first 3 months in the OCD-GAD group (P = 0.006). The severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to symmetry (P = 0.014), hoarding (P = 0.034), taboo thoughts (P = 0.023), and aggression (P = 0.002) was significantly higher in the group with OCD. Both HAM-A and Y-BOCS scores decreased over time, but HAM-A showed a greater decline at the first follow-up, while Y-BOCS showed a greater decline at the second follow-up. Conclusions: Considering our findings, OCD-GAD diagnosis is not a unique subcategory of current psychiatric disorders, and it is not necessarily beneficial to regard it as such. However, we found that the comorbidity of GAD did not harm the prognosis of patients with OCD. Further investigations are recommended to evaluate the clinical significance of OCD-GAD comorbidity.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49007301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Children's sexual development and behavior are important aspects of their overall development and education and are a significant concern for parents. These behaviors can lead to harm to children. The emotional climate and sexual environment within a family can influence the development of sexual behaviors. Objectives: This study aimed to predict sexual behavior problems in children, both with and without pre-existing sexual problems, based on their family's emotional climate and exposure to sexual environments. Methods: The present study was an applied and descriptive-correlational study that utilized discriminant analysis as its primary analysis method. The study population consisted of parents with children between the ages of 6 and 12 in Ahvaz in 2021. A total of 294 parents were selected for the study using voluntary sampling. The data were collected using the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), the Family Emotional Atmosphere Scale, and the Family Sexuality Scale (FSS). The data collected were analyzed using discriminant analysis. Results: The study's findings indicate that the emotional climate within a family and exposure to sexual situations within the family, both individually and in combination, can distinguish children who exhibit sexual behavior problems and those who do not. The conventional linear discriminant analysis (LDA) results indicated a significant combined power of the two variables (WL = 0.70; Kappa = 0.49; P = 0.001). The discriminant analysis results were significant for the family emotional climate (WL = 0.79; Kappa = 0.34) and exposure to the family sexual environment (WL = 0.80; Kappa = 0.36; P = 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be argued that the emotional climate within a family and exposure to sexual behavior within the family environment significantly impact the development of problematic sexual behaviors in children.
{"title":"Predicting Sexual Behavior Based on Family Emotional Climate and Exposure to the Sexual Environment in Children with and Without Sexual Problems","authors":"A. Amanelahi, Rezvan Andarz, Z. Abaspour","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-130686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-130686","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children's sexual development and behavior are important aspects of their overall development and education and are a significant concern for parents. These behaviors can lead to harm to children. The emotional climate and sexual environment within a family can influence the development of sexual behaviors. Objectives: This study aimed to predict sexual behavior problems in children, both with and without pre-existing sexual problems, based on their family's emotional climate and exposure to sexual environments. Methods: The present study was an applied and descriptive-correlational study that utilized discriminant analysis as its primary analysis method. The study population consisted of parents with children between the ages of 6 and 12 in Ahvaz in 2021. A total of 294 parents were selected for the study using voluntary sampling. The data were collected using the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), the Family Emotional Atmosphere Scale, and the Family Sexuality Scale (FSS). The data collected were analyzed using discriminant analysis. Results: The study's findings indicate that the emotional climate within a family and exposure to sexual situations within the family, both individually and in combination, can distinguish children who exhibit sexual behavior problems and those who do not. The conventional linear discriminant analysis (LDA) results indicated a significant combined power of the two variables (WL = 0.70; Kappa = 0.49; P = 0.001). The discriminant analysis results were significant for the family emotional climate (WL = 0.79; Kappa = 0.34) and exposure to the family sexual environment (WL = 0.80; Kappa = 0.36; P = 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be argued that the emotional climate within a family and exposure to sexual behavior within the family environment significantly impact the development of problematic sexual behaviors in children.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45237718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giti Nazari, M. Mousavi, Vahid Sadeghi-Firoozabadi
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a deficit in communication and social skills, stereotypical and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities. The gold standard treatment, behavioral therapy, imposes a great cost on families, and its efficacy depends on the life stage at which the therapy is started. As an alternative treatment, the efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been investigated in different patient groups; however, its efficacy on facial emotion recognition (FER) has not been investigated in children with ASD. Objectives: We investigated the effectiveness of anodal tDCS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in FER and clinical symptoms of children with ASD. Methods: Twenty-four boys with ASD were selected from a school in Tehran, Iran. The eligible participants were randomized to receive the intervention (15 minutes of electrical stimulation) or not (20 seconds with device-off; control group). The emotion recognition task and autism treatments evaluation checklist (ATEC) were evaluated before and after the intervention and compared using the mixed ANOVA test. Results: Eleven boys in each group completed the study. The groups were similar regarding mean age, ASD severity, and intelligence quotient. The interactive effect of group and time was significant on both scales (emotion recognition task and ATEC). Conclusions: Anodal tDCS of DLPFC is an effective therapeutic method for specific behaviors, including FER, in school-aged boys with ASD. Further studies are required to suggest this treatment as a safe and effective strategy in children with ASD.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Facial Emotion Recognition and Clinical Symptoms of Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Giti Nazari, M. Mousavi, Vahid Sadeghi-Firoozabadi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-121995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-121995","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a deficit in communication and social skills, stereotypical and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities. The gold standard treatment, behavioral therapy, imposes a great cost on families, and its efficacy depends on the life stage at which the therapy is started. As an alternative treatment, the efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been investigated in different patient groups; however, its efficacy on facial emotion recognition (FER) has not been investigated in children with ASD. Objectives: We investigated the effectiveness of anodal tDCS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in FER and clinical symptoms of children with ASD. Methods: Twenty-four boys with ASD were selected from a school in Tehran, Iran. The eligible participants were randomized to receive the intervention (15 minutes of electrical stimulation) or not (20 seconds with device-off; control group). The emotion recognition task and autism treatments evaluation checklist (ATEC) were evaluated before and after the intervention and compared using the mixed ANOVA test. Results: Eleven boys in each group completed the study. The groups were similar regarding mean age, ASD severity, and intelligence quotient. The interactive effect of group and time was significant on both scales (emotion recognition task and ATEC). Conclusions: Anodal tDCS of DLPFC is an effective therapeutic method for specific behaviors, including FER, in school-aged boys with ASD. Further studies are required to suggest this treatment as a safe and effective strategy in children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49143203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in childhood. Concurrent anxiety disorders have turned into a challenging issue for psychiatrists. Numerous medications have been applied with controversial responses. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of the combination of methylphenidate (MPH) and fluoxetine (FLX) versus atomoxetine (ATX) in the symptoms and function of ADHD children with concurrent anxiety disorders. Methods: The current randomized clinical was conducted on 76 outpatient children with concurrent ADHD and anxiety disorder within 2020 - 2021. The patients were divided into two equal groups. The first group was treated with MPH (5 mg twice daily) plus FLX (10 - 20 mg daily); nevertheless, the second group received ATX with a dose of 1.4 mg/kg. The Conner’s Parents Rating Scale (CPRS), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and Children’s Anxiety Impact Scale-Child (CAIS-C) were applied to assess anxiety at the baseline and 1 month and 4 months after the interventions. Results: The mean age of the studied population was 9.26 ± 1.92 years (range: 6 - 12 years), and 46 subjects (57.89%) were male. The significant trends of improvement in both groups, regardless of the interventions in the assessments of all the scales, were noted (P < 0.001 for all the scales); however, the comparison of the groups revealed no differences in the CPRS (P = 0.397), SACRED (P = 0.663), and CAIS-C (P = 0.683). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, as ATX alone was as effective as MPH plus FLX for controlling anxiety disorders among ADHD children, ATX is preferred to apply fewer daily medications.
{"title":"Atomoxetine Versus Combination of Methylphenidate Plus Fluoxetine for Management of Anxiety Disorders in ADHD Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"A. Karbasi, S. Aghili","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-135121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-135121","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in childhood. Concurrent anxiety disorders have turned into a challenging issue for psychiatrists. Numerous medications have been applied with controversial responses. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of the combination of methylphenidate (MPH) and fluoxetine (FLX) versus atomoxetine (ATX) in the symptoms and function of ADHD children with concurrent anxiety disorders. Methods: The current randomized clinical was conducted on 76 outpatient children with concurrent ADHD and anxiety disorder within 2020 - 2021. The patients were divided into two equal groups. The first group was treated with MPH (5 mg twice daily) plus FLX (10 - 20 mg daily); nevertheless, the second group received ATX with a dose of 1.4 mg/kg. The Conner’s Parents Rating Scale (CPRS), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and Children’s Anxiety Impact Scale-Child (CAIS-C) were applied to assess anxiety at the baseline and 1 month and 4 months after the interventions. Results: The mean age of the studied population was 9.26 ± 1.92 years (range: 6 - 12 years), and 46 subjects (57.89%) were male. The significant trends of improvement in both groups, regardless of the interventions in the assessments of all the scales, were noted (P < 0.001 for all the scales); however, the comparison of the groups revealed no differences in the CPRS (P = 0.397), SACRED (P = 0.663), and CAIS-C (P = 0.683). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, as ATX alone was as effective as MPH plus FLX for controlling anxiety disorders among ADHD children, ATX is preferred to apply fewer daily medications.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43106049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Momeni, Amin Vatanparast, M. Shahmohammadi, Faeghe Alipour, R. Alikhani
Background: Cognitive impairments are common in bipolar disorder, which can negatively impact patients' psychological and psychosocial functioning, but there are no tools for assessing cognitive deficits, especially in patients with bipolar disorder in Iran. Objectives: This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Complaint in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA) scale in Iranian patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: Eighty patients diagnosed with bipolar spectrum disorder were selected from Tehran's major psychiatric facilities: Razi Psychiatric Hospital and Taleghani Hospital. A purposive sampling method was followed to select 80 non-patient control individuals from the general population in Tehran. Participants were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale (BRAMS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Cognitive Complaint in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA). The data were analyzed using SPSS-24 to evaluate convergent and discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency. Results: The convergent validity was examined by calculating the correlation between the scores on the COBRA and those on the MMSE; the results were significant (r = - 63, P < 0.001). Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing the COBRA total scores between the patients with BD and the control group; the results indicated a significant difference between the two groups (t = 6.413, P = 0.001). The CFA and EFA showed that the one-factor structure of COBRA was the best model. The Cronbach's alpha of 0.72 indicated an internal consistency. A test-retest reliability estimate of 0.84 indicated the high reliability of the scale. The current investigation suggested a cutoff score of 28, with 0.72 sensitivity and 0.69 specificity. Conclusions: Our translated version of the COBRA in Persian in this study showed adequate psychometric properties. This test can be considered an applicable instrument in investigating cognitive complaints in patients with bipolar disorder in Iran.
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA) in Iranian Bipolar Patients","authors":"F. Momeni, Amin Vatanparast, M. Shahmohammadi, Faeghe Alipour, R. Alikhani","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-113949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-113949","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cognitive impairments are common in bipolar disorder, which can negatively impact patients' psychological and psychosocial functioning, but there are no tools for assessing cognitive deficits, especially in patients with bipolar disorder in Iran. Objectives: This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Complaint in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA) scale in Iranian patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: Eighty patients diagnosed with bipolar spectrum disorder were selected from Tehran's major psychiatric facilities: Razi Psychiatric Hospital and Taleghani Hospital. A purposive sampling method was followed to select 80 non-patient control individuals from the general population in Tehran. Participants were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale (BRAMS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Cognitive Complaint in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA). The data were analyzed using SPSS-24 to evaluate convergent and discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency. Results: The convergent validity was examined by calculating the correlation between the scores on the COBRA and those on the MMSE; the results were significant (r = - 63, P < 0.001). Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing the COBRA total scores between the patients with BD and the control group; the results indicated a significant difference between the two groups (t = 6.413, P = 0.001). The CFA and EFA showed that the one-factor structure of COBRA was the best model. The Cronbach's alpha of 0.72 indicated an internal consistency. A test-retest reliability estimate of 0.84 indicated the high reliability of the scale. The current investigation suggested a cutoff score of 28, with 0.72 sensitivity and 0.69 specificity. Conclusions: Our translated version of the COBRA in Persian in this study showed adequate psychometric properties. This test can be considered an applicable instrument in investigating cognitive complaints in patients with bipolar disorder in Iran.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42611057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Currently, adolescent victimization is introduced as the most important social injury in schools. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the role of emotional intelligence (EI), loneliness, and empathy in the prediction of victimization among senior high school students. Methods: A structural equation modeling approach was used in this study. A total of 365 students were selected via random cluster sampling from high schools in the second municipal area of Yasouj, Iran. These students completed Victimization Scale, Schulte Emotional Intelligence Scale, Baron-Cohen’s Empathy Scale, and Loneliness Scale. The design of the present study was descriptive and correlational using structural equation modeling. The study population included all adolescents in secondary schools in Yasouj from 2020 - 2021. A total of 365 subjects were selected using random cluster sampling and completed the research questionnaires. Finally, the data were collected and analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling using SPSS software (version 19) and AMOS software (version 20). Results: The results showed that EI directly affected adolescents’ feelings of loneliness (-0.58), empathy (0.53), and victimization (-0.24) (P < 0.01). Additionally, feelings of loneliness (0.41) and empathy (-0.19) had a direct and significant effect on adolescent victimization (P < 0.01). Moreover, EI due to feelings of loneliness (-0.30) and empathy (-0.14) had an indirect and significant effect on adolescent victimization. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the model fits the data. Therefore, the awareness of teachers, parents, adolescents, counselors, psychologists, and other professionals to promote empathy and EI and reduce loneliness and victimization of adolescents can be helpful.
{"title":"Prediction of Victimization Based on Emotional Intelligent with Mediating Role of Loneliness and Empathy: A Structural Equation Modeling Modeling Approach","authors":"Afzal Akbari Balootbangan, Azadeh Mahvelaty, Zaki Zamani, Fatemeh Abdpoor, Saba Hassanvandi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-123998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-123998","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Currently, adolescent victimization is introduced as the most important social injury in schools. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the role of emotional intelligence (EI), loneliness, and empathy in the prediction of victimization among senior high school students. Methods: A structural equation modeling approach was used in this study. A total of 365 students were selected via random cluster sampling from high schools in the second municipal area of Yasouj, Iran. These students completed Victimization Scale, Schulte Emotional Intelligence Scale, Baron-Cohen’s Empathy Scale, and Loneliness Scale. The design of the present study was descriptive and correlational using structural equation modeling. The study population included all adolescents in secondary schools in Yasouj from 2020 - 2021. A total of 365 subjects were selected using random cluster sampling and completed the research questionnaires. Finally, the data were collected and analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling using SPSS software (version 19) and AMOS software (version 20). Results: The results showed that EI directly affected adolescents’ feelings of loneliness (-0.58), empathy (0.53), and victimization (-0.24) (P < 0.01). Additionally, feelings of loneliness (0.41) and empathy (-0.19) had a direct and significant effect on adolescent victimization (P < 0.01). Moreover, EI due to feelings of loneliness (-0.30) and empathy (-0.14) had an indirect and significant effect on adolescent victimization. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the model fits the data. Therefore, the awareness of teachers, parents, adolescents, counselors, psychologists, and other professionals to promote empathy and EI and reduce loneliness and victimization of adolescents can be helpful.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49075473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amirhossein Jafari-Mehdiabad, Amir Yarhosseini, Sina Taherzadeh, M. Tabatabaee, Vandad Sharifi
Background: In many developing countries, most patients referred for hospitalization for high suicide risk are deprived of adequate care, mainly because of limited psychiatric facilities. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes of an outpatient psychiatric crisis intervention (PCI) service enhanced with case management for patients with suicide risk where hospital admission was impossible because of the bed shortage. Methods: We developed a service model provided by a team of psychiatry residents, psychologists, and social workers supervised by a faculty psychiatrist. We piloted it in Roozbeh Psychiatry Hospital for patients when hospitalization was indicated for suicidality, but admission was not possible due to the bed shortage. This study followed an action research design and methodology. The sample was selected from individuals referred to Roozbeh Hospital. All subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Convenience sampling was used for the satisfaction assessments. Results: The PCI provided the service to 173 patients. The suicide risk was resolved in 48 (27.7%) patients. The remaining consisted of individuals finally hospitalized when beds were available (73 patients, 42.2%) or dropped out of the service (52 patients, 30.1%). Most patients (86%) were satisfied with the service. Only one non-lethal suicide attempt was reported in the two-month follow-up. Conclusions: An outpatient crisis service for suicidality enhanced with case management may reduce the need for hospitalization. However, randomized controlled studies are needed to establish its effectiveness.
{"title":"Development, Pilot Implementation, and Short-term Outcome of an Outpatient Psychiatric Crisis Intervention Service for Patients with Suicide Risk","authors":"Amirhossein Jafari-Mehdiabad, Amir Yarhosseini, Sina Taherzadeh, M. Tabatabaee, Vandad Sharifi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-111005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-111005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In many developing countries, most patients referred for hospitalization for high suicide risk are deprived of adequate care, mainly because of limited psychiatric facilities. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes of an outpatient psychiatric crisis intervention (PCI) service enhanced with case management for patients with suicide risk where hospital admission was impossible because of the bed shortage. Methods: We developed a service model provided by a team of psychiatry residents, psychologists, and social workers supervised by a faculty psychiatrist. We piloted it in Roozbeh Psychiatry Hospital for patients when hospitalization was indicated for suicidality, but admission was not possible due to the bed shortage. This study followed an action research design and methodology. The sample was selected from individuals referred to Roozbeh Hospital. All subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Convenience sampling was used for the satisfaction assessments. Results: The PCI provided the service to 173 patients. The suicide risk was resolved in 48 (27.7%) patients. The remaining consisted of individuals finally hospitalized when beds were available (73 patients, 42.2%) or dropped out of the service (52 patients, 30.1%). Most patients (86%) were satisfied with the service. Only one non-lethal suicide attempt was reported in the two-month follow-up. Conclusions: An outpatient crisis service for suicidality enhanced with case management may reduce the need for hospitalization. However, randomized controlled studies are needed to establish its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41763682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mental health is a serious concern for burn survivors. Burn injuries can bring long-term complications that begin at the moment of injury and last throughout a burn victim’s life. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a home care plan in the mental health status of burn survivors six months after hospital discharge. Methods: This randomized clinical trial with intervention and control groups was conducted in Kermanshah, Iran. Eligible samples (n = 90) were allocated into the two groups by a randomized block design. The intervention group received a home care plan for six months. The General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was responded to by the samples at three time points, baseline (T1: hospital discharge) and 3 (T2), and six months (T3) after the intervention. Results: The mean scores of the GHQ-28 showed a descending trend in the intervention group during six months (T1: 32.48 ± 15.83, T2: 25.15 ± 15.11, and T3: 19.37 ± 14.11). However, the mean scores of the GHQ-28 were increased in the control group (T1: 32.29 ± 17.66, T2: 39.35 ± 14.59, and T3: 40.44 ± 15.59). There were significant differences between the two groups in 3- and 6-month measurements (P < 0.001). Conclusions: A 6-month home care plan improved the mental health of burn survivors in the intervention group in comparison to the controls; nevertheless, there were still survivors who needed help. Therefore, it is suggested to develop a home care plan with longer regular follow-ups for burn survivors based on their needs in the healthcare system of Iran.
{"title":"Efficacy of a Home Care Plan in the Mental Health of Burn Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Nastaran Heydarikhayat, Tahereh Ashktorab, Farid Zayeri, Camelia Rohani","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-79672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-79672","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mental health is a serious concern for burn survivors. Burn injuries can bring long-term complications that begin at the moment of injury and last throughout a burn victim’s life. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a home care plan in the mental health status of burn survivors six months after hospital discharge. Methods: This randomized clinical trial with intervention and control groups was conducted in Kermanshah, Iran. Eligible samples (n = 90) were allocated into the two groups by a randomized block design. The intervention group received a home care plan for six months. The General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was responded to by the samples at three time points, baseline (T1: hospital discharge) and 3 (T2), and six months (T3) after the intervention. Results: The mean scores of the GHQ-28 showed a descending trend in the intervention group during six months (T1: 32.48 ± 15.83, T2: 25.15 ± 15.11, and T3: 19.37 ± 14.11). However, the mean scores of the GHQ-28 were increased in the control group (T1: 32.29 ± 17.66, T2: 39.35 ± 14.59, and T3: 40.44 ± 15.59). There were significant differences between the two groups in 3- and 6-month measurements (P < 0.001). Conclusions: A 6-month home care plan improved the mental health of burn survivors in the intervention group in comparison to the controls; nevertheless, there were still survivors who needed help. Therefore, it is suggested to develop a home care plan with longer regular follow-ups for burn survivors based on their needs in the healthcare system of Iran.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135961938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Regarding the patients’ critical conditions and various tools and pieces of equipment used in intensive care units (ICUs), the provision of critical care nursing seems complicated. Therefore, nurses’ achievements in making adaptations to critical care nursing are of utmost importance, especially in ICUs. Objectives: The present study aimed to illuminate the facilitators of adaptation to nursing care among ICU nurses. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis approach through semi-structured face-to-face interviews within December 2019 to April 2021. A total of 13 nurses working at a trauma center were selected to participate in this study using purposive sampling in Imam Hossein Hospital in Shahroud, Iran. Results: Based on the results, the facilitators of adaptation to nursing care in ICU nurses consisted of three main categories of psychological capital, professional capital, and social capital. Conclusions: It was concluded that focusing on determining the facilitators of adaptation to critical care nursing and attempting to redouble them can promote the quality of nursing care. Much more attention should be paid to this issue because further adaptation affects society’s health conditions.
{"title":"Nurses’ Experience of Facilitators of Adaptation to Nursing Care in Intensive Care Units: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study","authors":"Zahra Ashrafi, Monir Nobahar","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-134054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-134054","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Regarding the patients’ critical conditions and various tools and pieces of equipment used in intensive care units (ICUs), the provision of critical care nursing seems complicated. Therefore, nurses’ achievements in making adaptations to critical care nursing are of utmost importance, especially in ICUs. Objectives: The present study aimed to illuminate the facilitators of adaptation to nursing care among ICU nurses. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis approach through semi-structured face-to-face interviews within December 2019 to April 2021. A total of 13 nurses working at a trauma center were selected to participate in this study using purposive sampling in Imam Hossein Hospital in Shahroud, Iran. Results: Based on the results, the facilitators of adaptation to nursing care in ICU nurses consisted of three main categories of psychological capital, professional capital, and social capital. Conclusions: It was concluded that focusing on determining the facilitators of adaptation to critical care nursing and attempting to redouble them can promote the quality of nursing care. Much more attention should be paid to this issue because further adaptation affects society’s health conditions.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: According to the Wagnild model, resilience as an initial trait is critical in overcoming challenges and protecting wellbeing. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties and cultural adaptation of the Persian version of the Resilience Scale (RS), including validity, reliability, and factor analysis in the adolescent population. Methods: The scale was translated and adapted using a standard method and a pilot study after receiving permission from the original author. This cross-sectional study investigated the face, content, criterion validity, construct validity, and reliability of RS. A sample of 419 adolescents aged 12 - 18 was selected by convenient sampling in Tehran, Iran. The subjects completed the RS, Beck depression inventory-II, and Mental Health Continuum Questionnaire. Results: The quantitative and qualitative analyses of scale items and modifying them based on the feedback of participants and experts showed that face and content validity was acceptable. Factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure described by Wagnild and Young, including personal competence and acceptance of self and life. Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha exceeded 0.84, showing the scale has strong internal consistency. There was also a significant negative correlation between RS and the total score of the depression inventory. At the same time, there was a positive correlation between RS and the score of the mental health questionnaire, indicating acceptable criterion validity. Conclusions: Persian version of the RS can be considered a valid and reliable instrument to measure resilience in adolescent populations. Therefore, researchers and mental health professionals can use it for therapeutic, preventive, and research purposes.
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Resilience Scale in Iranian Adolescents","authors":"Pantea Ahadianfard, Razieh Javaherirenani, Zahra Maghami-Sharif, Hojjatollah Farahani, Asma Aghebati","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-123072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-123072","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to the Wagnild model, resilience as an initial trait is critical in overcoming challenges and protecting wellbeing. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties and cultural adaptation of the Persian version of the Resilience Scale (RS), including validity, reliability, and factor analysis in the adolescent population. Methods: The scale was translated and adapted using a standard method and a pilot study after receiving permission from the original author. This cross-sectional study investigated the face, content, criterion validity, construct validity, and reliability of RS. A sample of 419 adolescents aged 12 - 18 was selected by convenient sampling in Tehran, Iran. The subjects completed the RS, Beck depression inventory-II, and Mental Health Continuum Questionnaire. Results: The quantitative and qualitative analyses of scale items and modifying them based on the feedback of participants and experts showed that face and content validity was acceptable. Factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure described by Wagnild and Young, including personal competence and acceptance of self and life. Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha exceeded 0.84, showing the scale has strong internal consistency. There was also a significant negative correlation between RS and the total score of the depression inventory. At the same time, there was a positive correlation between RS and the score of the mental health questionnaire, indicating acceptable criterion validity. Conclusions: Persian version of the RS can be considered a valid and reliable instrument to measure resilience in adolescent populations. Therefore, researchers and mental health professionals can use it for therapeutic, preventive, and research purposes.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136230743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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