Saina Fatollahzadeh, Amir Sam Kianimoghadam, Rogayeh Bahri, Maryam Khesali, Zahra Pour Seyyed Aghaei, Abbas Masjedi Arani
Background: Vitiligo is a disease of progressive and permanent skin depigmentation. This disease impacts patients' quality of life through psychological distress, which shows itself in various ways. This distress includes shame and internal self-criticism in patients with vitiligo. Resilience can appear as the strength against distress. Objectives: This research aimed to assess the impact of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on various outcomes, including resilience, shame, internal self-criticism, and quality of life in individuals with vitiligo. Methods: In this study, an RCT design was employed, incorporating both pre- and post-test evaluations alongside a control group, to examine the impact of CFT on resilience, shame, internal self-criticism, and quality of life in patients with vitiligo. Forty patients with vitiligo were selected from Razi Dermatology Hospital in Tehran in 2019. The participants were randomly assigned to either a control or experimental group. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, levels of self-criticism scale, and Internalized Shame Scale were used to complete the pre-and post-test phases. Compassion-focused therapy based on the Gilbert therapy package was held in eight 2 h sessions once a week for the experimental group. The control group received the intervention after the end of the experimental group intervention. Results: The results of the covariance analysis indicated that CFT significantly increased the quality of life (P < 0.05, F = 308.97) and resilience (P < 0.05, F = 125.75) and reduced shame (P < 0.05, F = 228.30) and internal self-criticism (P < 0.05, F = 53.44) of patients with vitiligo. Conclusions: Compassion-focused therapy can improve the quality of life and resilience and reduce the shame and internal self-criticism of patients with vitiligo.
背景:白癜风是一种进行性和永久性皮肤色素沉着的疾病。这种疾病通过心理困扰影响患者的生活质量，并以多种方式表现出来。这种痛苦包括白癜风患者的羞耻和内部自我批评。韧性可以表现为对抗痛苦的力量。目的:本研究旨在评估以同情为中心的治疗(CFT)对白癜风患者的各种结果的影响，包括恢复力、羞耻感、内部自我批评和生活质量。方法:在本研究中，采用随机对照试验设计，结合测试前和测试后的评估以及对照组，研究CFT对白癜风患者的恢复力、羞耻感、内部自我批评和生活质量的影响。2019年，从德黑兰拉齐皮肤病医院挑选了40名白癜风患者。参与者被随机分配到对照组或实验组。采用世界卫生组织生活质量问卷、Connor-Davidson弹性量表、自我批评水平量表和内化羞耻量表完成测试前和测试后阶段。以同情为中心的治疗以吉尔伯特治疗包为基础，实验组每周一次，分8次，每次2小时。对照组在实验组干预结束后接受干预。结果:协方差分析结果显示，CFT显著提高了患者的生活质量(P <0.05, F = 308.97)和弹性(P <0.05, F = 125.75)，羞耻感降低(P <0.05, F = 228.30)和内部自我批评(P <0.05, F = 53.44)。结论:以同情为中心的治疗可以提高白癜风患者的生活质量和恢复力，减少羞耻感和内在的自我批评。
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Resilience, Shame, Internal Self-Criticism, and Quality of Life of Patients with Vitiligo","authors":"Saina Fatollahzadeh, Amir Sam Kianimoghadam, Rogayeh Bahri, Maryam Khesali, Zahra Pour Seyyed Aghaei, Abbas Masjedi Arani","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-137483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-137483","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitiligo is a disease of progressive and permanent skin depigmentation. This disease impacts patients' quality of life through psychological distress, which shows itself in various ways. This distress includes shame and internal self-criticism in patients with vitiligo. Resilience can appear as the strength against distress. Objectives: This research aimed to assess the impact of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on various outcomes, including resilience, shame, internal self-criticism, and quality of life in individuals with vitiligo. Methods: In this study, an RCT design was employed, incorporating both pre- and post-test evaluations alongside a control group, to examine the impact of CFT on resilience, shame, internal self-criticism, and quality of life in patients with vitiligo. Forty patients with vitiligo were selected from Razi Dermatology Hospital in Tehran in 2019. The participants were randomly assigned to either a control or experimental group. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, levels of self-criticism scale, and Internalized Shame Scale were used to complete the pre-and post-test phases. Compassion-focused therapy based on the Gilbert therapy package was held in eight 2 h sessions once a week for the experimental group. The control group received the intervention after the end of the experimental group intervention. Results: The results of the covariance analysis indicated that CFT significantly increased the quality of life (P < 0.05, F = 308.97) and resilience (P < 0.05, F = 125.75) and reduced shame (P < 0.05, F = 228.30) and internal self-criticism (P < 0.05, F = 53.44) of patients with vitiligo. Conclusions: Compassion-focused therapy can improve the quality of life and resilience and reduce the shame and internal self-criticism of patients with vitiligo.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh, Motahare Dahmardeh Ghaleh No, Parisa Divsalar
Background: A significant proportion of hospitalized patients suffer from psychiatric disorders. A timely request for psychiatric consultation results in the early recovery of such patients. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequency of causes and diagnoses in psychiatric consultations in the Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Southeastern Iran, in 2018. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The required data, including age, gender, marital status, occupation, level of education, counseling wards, and psychiatric diagnosis, were extracted from the patient’s clinical records. Results: In this study, 1106 patients’ records were reviewed. Most participants were female (54.7%), and the most frequent (30.3%) age range was 20-30 years. The most common reason for seeking consultation was suicide (56%), and the most common diagnosis made by consultant psychiatrists was major depression (27.8%). The highest number of requests for consultation was made by the internal ward (68.06%). Psychiatric disorders were widespread among married subjects (P = 0.024) and patients holding high school and diploma degrees (P = 0.019). Conclusions: Psychiatric problems are common in the inpatient wards of general hospitals. According to this study, psychiatric issues and problems are highlighted more in married, young, and undergraduate women admitted to general hospitals and need further consideration.
{"title":"Psychiatric Consultations in Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Southeastern Iran","authors":"Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh, Motahare Dahmardeh Ghaleh No, Parisa Divsalar","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-129309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-129309","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A significant proportion of hospitalized patients suffer from psychiatric disorders. A timely request for psychiatric consultation results in the early recovery of such patients. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequency of causes and diagnoses in psychiatric consultations in the Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Southeastern Iran, in 2018. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The required data, including age, gender, marital status, occupation, level of education, counseling wards, and psychiatric diagnosis, were extracted from the patient’s clinical records. Results: In this study, 1106 patients’ records were reviewed. Most participants were female (54.7%), and the most frequent (30.3%) age range was 20-30 years. The most common reason for seeking consultation was suicide (56%), and the most common diagnosis made by consultant psychiatrists was major depression (27.8%). The highest number of requests for consultation was made by the internal ward (68.06%). Psychiatric disorders were widespread among married subjects (P = 0.024) and patients holding high school and diploma degrees (P = 0.019). Conclusions: Psychiatric problems are common in the inpatient wards of general hospitals. According to this study, psychiatric issues and problems are highlighted more in married, young, and undergraduate women admitted to general hospitals and need further consideration.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136357052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the pieces of evidence related to the possible side effects of neurofeedback (NFB) for individuals suffering from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy. In this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for individuals suffering from these two conditions, several databases were investigated. Data Extraction: To achieve this goal, the table of the first outcomes was to rate the symptoms of epilepsy based on the evaluation of patients. CANTAB (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children II (WISC II), and attention span test. Additionally, side effects were assessed by ADHD and epilepsy side effect checklists. Among the documents, 17 of them had the criteria to be included. Results: It was a randomized effect model that was used to evaluate the pooled prevalence of side effects with confidence intervals (CI) of 95%. Moreover, in Stata software (version 14), a Metaprop command was deployed. The approximate pooled prevalence of the side effects was 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03 - 0.08). To measure heterogeneity among studies, I2 statistics and the Galbraith diagram were applied. I2 statistics were estimated as 2.34%, and the Galbraith diagram did not indicate any heterogeneity. The univariate meta-regression (UMR) model showed despite a decreasing trend, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: It could be inferred from the results that preliminary evidence is that NFB is a non-invasive treatment and a more beneficial clinical method. It is proposed that to compare standard treatments, such as medication, neurological, and behavioral interventions, further RTCs are required.
{"title":"Are There any Possible Side Effects of Neurofeedback? A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Ebrahim Rahmani, Mahdiyeh Rahmanian, Kamyar Mansouri, Yaser Mokhayeri, Yousef Jamalpour, Saba Hassanvandi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-138064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-138064","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the pieces of evidence related to the possible side effects of neurofeedback (NFB) for individuals suffering from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy. In this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for individuals suffering from these two conditions, several databases were investigated. Data Extraction: To achieve this goal, the table of the first outcomes was to rate the symptoms of epilepsy based on the evaluation of patients. CANTAB (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children II (WISC II), and attention span test. Additionally, side effects were assessed by ADHD and epilepsy side effect checklists. Among the documents, 17 of them had the criteria to be included. Results: It was a randomized effect model that was used to evaluate the pooled prevalence of side effects with confidence intervals (CI) of 95%. Moreover, in Stata software (version 14), a Metaprop command was deployed. The approximate pooled prevalence of the side effects was 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03 - 0.08). To measure heterogeneity among studies, I2 statistics and the Galbraith diagram were applied. I2 statistics were estimated as 2.34%, and the Galbraith diagram did not indicate any heterogeneity. The univariate meta-regression (UMR) model showed despite a decreasing trend, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: It could be inferred from the results that preliminary evidence is that NFB is a non-invasive treatment and a more beneficial clinical method. It is proposed that to compare standard treatments, such as medication, neurological, and behavioral interventions, further RTCs are required.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Karimi, Asadollah Zarifkar, Mehdi Dianatpour, Esmaeil Mirzaei, Mahintaj Dara, Hadi Aligholi
Background: Valproic acid (VPA), which is often used to treat epilepsy, causes a variety of neurobehavioral impairments that closely resemble the phenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in prenatally exposed individuals. Although the neurobehavioral effects of extremely low concentrations of VPA have received limited research attention, several investigations have shown that the impact of VPA is connected with the concentration and exposure length. Objectives: In the current study, the aim was to find the lowest dose of VPA with the fewest side effects to induce behavioral phenotypes related to ASD in zebrafish. Methods: Zebrafish embryos were first exposed to various concentrations of VPA (i.e., 1, 5, 15, 25, 48, and 75 µM) for 120 hours. Then, 42 days after conception, the survival rate, quality of hatching, and presence of deformity were assessed. Afterward, a 1 µM VPA was chosen based on observations, and behavioral experiments were carried out at 7, 21, and 42 days after fertilization (dpf). Additionally, 7dpf gene expression analysis was evaluated. Results: According to the obtained findings, behavioral abnormalities resembling ASD were induced in 7 and 21 dpf but not in 42 dpf after 120 hours of exposure to 1µM VPA. Real-time analysis in 7 dpf revealed significant changes in a number of genes linked to ASD, including lrp6, gsk3beta, chd8, and ctnnb. Conclusions: In conclusion, 120 hours of exposure of zebrafish embryos to 1 µM of VPA might produce suitable VPA induces autism-like behavior models in zebrafish larvae to research early and long-term neurobehavioral and gene expression alterations. Studies on drug development might adopt this approach
{"title":"Finding a Proper Valproic Acid-Based Autism Spectrum Disorder Model in Zebrafish: Early and Long-term Neurobehavioral Studies","authors":"Zahra Karimi, Asadollah Zarifkar, Mehdi Dianatpour, Esmaeil Mirzaei, Mahintaj Dara, Hadi Aligholi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-137118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-137118","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Valproic acid (VPA), which is often used to treat epilepsy, causes a variety of neurobehavioral impairments that closely resemble the phenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in prenatally exposed individuals. Although the neurobehavioral effects of extremely low concentrations of VPA have received limited research attention, several investigations have shown that the impact of VPA is connected with the concentration and exposure length. Objectives: In the current study, the aim was to find the lowest dose of VPA with the fewest side effects to induce behavioral phenotypes related to ASD in zebrafish. Methods: Zebrafish embryos were first exposed to various concentrations of VPA (i.e., 1, 5, 15, 25, 48, and 75 µM) for 120 hours. Then, 42 days after conception, the survival rate, quality of hatching, and presence of deformity were assessed. Afterward, a 1 µM VPA was chosen based on observations, and behavioral experiments were carried out at 7, 21, and 42 days after fertilization (dpf). Additionally, 7dpf gene expression analysis was evaluated. Results: According to the obtained findings, behavioral abnormalities resembling ASD were induced in 7 and 21 dpf but not in 42 dpf after 120 hours of exposure to 1µM VPA. Real-time analysis in 7 dpf revealed significant changes in a number of genes linked to ASD, including lrp6, gsk3beta, chd8, and ctnnb. Conclusions: In conclusion, 120 hours of exposure of zebrafish embryos to 1 µM of VPA might produce suitable VPA induces autism-like behavior models in zebrafish larvae to research early and long-term neurobehavioral and gene expression alterations. Studies on drug development might adopt this approach","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leyla Ravanbakhsh, Mohammad Ismail Ebrahimi, Arya Haddadi, Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi
Background: Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been grappling with a common problem, the coronavirus or COVID-19, causing a significant increase in worry, anxiety, and stress worldwide. In Iran, the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus has posed serious threats to individuals' physical and mental health. Due to their extensive physical contact with infected individuals, medical staff experience high anxiety levels compared to other members of society. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment approach on the resilience, self-compassion, and corona disease anxiety of medical staff involved in the COVID-19 response in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This study utilized a semi-experimental design, including pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group. The study population included all medical staff involved in the COVID-19 response in Hamadan in 2021. From this population, 40 individuals were purposively selected and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups (20 participants in each group). Before the intervention, both groups underwent measurements (pre-test) using the Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003), the Neff Self-Compassion Scale (2003), and Alipour et al.'s Corona Disease Anxiety Questionnaire (2018). After the intervention of acceptance and commitment therapy for the experimental group, the same tests were conducted again for both groups (post-test). Finally, three months later, the same measurements were repeated for both groups (follow-up). The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS-25. Results: The findings demonstrated the significant impact of acceptance and commitment therapy in enhancing resilience (P ≤ 0.001) and self-compassion (P ≤ 0.001), as well as reducing COVID-19 anxiety among the medical staff in Hamadan (P ≤ 0.001). Moreover, these effects remained stable during the follow-up phase. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of utilizing acceptance and commitment therapy to enhance resilience and self-compassion while reducing anxiety among medical staff managing the disease. Additionally, hospital educational and executive managers should prioritize training medical staff in acceptance and commitment skills to effectively address COVID-19 anxiety.
{"title":"Effects of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Resiliency, Self-Compassion, and Corona Disease Anxiety on Medical Staff Involved in COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Leyla Ravanbakhsh, Mohammad Ismail Ebrahimi, Arya Haddadi, Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-136845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-136845","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been grappling with a common problem, the coronavirus or COVID-19, causing a significant increase in worry, anxiety, and stress worldwide. In Iran, the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus has posed serious threats to individuals' physical and mental health. Due to their extensive physical contact with infected individuals, medical staff experience high anxiety levels compared to other members of society. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment approach on the resilience, self-compassion, and corona disease anxiety of medical staff involved in the COVID-19 response in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This study utilized a semi-experimental design, including pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group. The study population included all medical staff involved in the COVID-19 response in Hamadan in 2021. From this population, 40 individuals were purposively selected and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups (20 participants in each group). Before the intervention, both groups underwent measurements (pre-test) using the Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003), the Neff Self-Compassion Scale (2003), and Alipour et al.'s Corona Disease Anxiety Questionnaire (2018). After the intervention of acceptance and commitment therapy for the experimental group, the same tests were conducted again for both groups (post-test). Finally, three months later, the same measurements were repeated for both groups (follow-up). The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS-25. Results: The findings demonstrated the significant impact of acceptance and commitment therapy in enhancing resilience (P ≤ 0.001) and self-compassion (P ≤ 0.001), as well as reducing COVID-19 anxiety among the medical staff in Hamadan (P ≤ 0.001). Moreover, these effects remained stable during the follow-up phase. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of utilizing acceptance and commitment therapy to enhance resilience and self-compassion while reducing anxiety among medical staff managing the disease. Additionally, hospital educational and executive managers should prioritize training medical staff in acceptance and commitment skills to effectively address COVID-19 anxiety.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad MohammadiPour, Somayeh Ashrafifard, Sajjad Mohammadipour
Background: Given that primary dysmenorrhea can affect individuals' course of life and social activities, it is necessary to consider the role of related variables in its incidence and conduct more studies to take effective measures to reduce this pain. Objectives: This study aims to model the structural equations of the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and body image concerns with the mediating role of pain self-efficacy on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational research design. A structural equation modeling method was conducted on 724 students studying in the first semester of 2021 - 2022. Questionnaires assessed menstrual pain severity, body image concern, pain self-efficacy, and metacognitive beliefs. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, SPSS.25, and AMOS 24. Results: According to data analysis, all indices of fit were appropriate after modifications, and the model had a very good fit at the significance level (χ2/df = 3.619, CFI = 0.931, TLI = 0.910, NFI = 0.907, RMSEA = 0.060, 90%CI [0.053, 0.068], SRMR = 0.077). In examining direct pathways, metacognitive beliefs showed a direct effect on and a negative correlation with the severity of dysmenorrhea. The investigation of indirect pathways also confirmed the effect of metacognitive beliefs on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea with the mediating role of pain self-efficacy. The effect of the direct pathway of body image concern on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea was not significant and was removed from the model. On the other hand, as the examination of the indirect path showed, the effect of body image concerns on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea was mediated by pain self-efficacy. Conclusions: According to the findings, the promotion of mental health was effective in controlling primary dysmenorrhea. Hence, more attention to psychological issues is required through effective practical protocols to provide an introduction to menstrual health and the grounds for performance improvement in girls.
{"title":"Relationship Between Metacognitive Beliefs and Body Image Concerns in Primary Dysmenorrhea Intensity: The Mediating Role of Pain Self-Efficacy in Iranian Students","authors":"Mohammad MohammadiPour, Somayeh Ashrafifard, Sajjad Mohammadipour","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-131474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-131474","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Given that primary dysmenorrhea can affect individuals' course of life and social activities, it is necessary to consider the role of related variables in its incidence and conduct more studies to take effective measures to reduce this pain. Objectives: This study aims to model the structural equations of the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and body image concerns with the mediating role of pain self-efficacy on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational research design. A structural equation modeling method was conducted on 724 students studying in the first semester of 2021 - 2022. Questionnaires assessed menstrual pain severity, body image concern, pain self-efficacy, and metacognitive beliefs. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, SPSS.25, and AMOS 24. Results: According to data analysis, all indices of fit were appropriate after modifications, and the model had a very good fit at the significance level (χ2/df = 3.619, CFI = 0.931, TLI = 0.910, NFI = 0.907, RMSEA = 0.060, 90%CI [0.053, 0.068], SRMR = 0.077). In examining direct pathways, metacognitive beliefs showed a direct effect on and a negative correlation with the severity of dysmenorrhea. The investigation of indirect pathways also confirmed the effect of metacognitive beliefs on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea with the mediating role of pain self-efficacy. The effect of the direct pathway of body image concern on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea was not significant and was removed from the model. On the other hand, as the examination of the indirect path showed, the effect of body image concerns on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea was mediated by pain self-efficacy. Conclusions: According to the findings, the promotion of mental health was effective in controlling primary dysmenorrhea. Hence, more attention to psychological issues is required through effective practical protocols to provide an introduction to menstrual health and the grounds for performance improvement in girls.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the short-time empowerment intervention package for women with domestic violence developed at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Tehran. Methods: The method of this study was a historical cohort. The researcher-made tool consisted of 30 questions based on the materials contained in the short-time empowerment intervention package. It was provided to 200 women referred to comprehensive healthcare centers who had previously been screened for domestic violence. Of these, 100 people in the experimental group received telephone intervention from a psychologist, and 100 people in the control group received telephone intervention without receiving the intervention. They were asked questions about the tool. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups of women with intervention and women without intervention in 5 areas of safety capabilities, recognizing high-risk situations, designing strategies to deal with high-risk situations, skills to deal with spouse anger, reduce anxiety and stress for themselves and their children (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicate that the short-time empowerment intervention package for women with domestic violence could not empower women to prevent the recurrence of violence and needs revision.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Short-Time Empowerment Intervention Package of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran to Reduce Domestic Violence","authors":"Fateme Taaki, Shahrbanoo Ghahhari, Mozhgan Lotfi, Nadereh Memaryan","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-132172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-132172","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the short-time empowerment intervention package for women with domestic violence developed at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Tehran. Methods: The method of this study was a historical cohort. The researcher-made tool consisted of 30 questions based on the materials contained in the short-time empowerment intervention package. It was provided to 200 women referred to comprehensive healthcare centers who had previously been screened for domestic violence. Of these, 100 people in the experimental group received telephone intervention from a psychologist, and 100 people in the control group received telephone intervention without receiving the intervention. They were asked questions about the tool. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups of women with intervention and women without intervention in 5 areas of safety capabilities, recognizing high-risk situations, designing strategies to deal with high-risk situations, skills to deal with spouse anger, reduce anxiety and stress for themselves and their children (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicate that the short-time empowerment intervention package for women with domestic violence could not empower women to prevent the recurrence of violence and needs revision.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omid Massah, Amir Masoud Arab, Ali Farhoudian, Mahdi Noroozi, Fahimeh Hashemirad
Background: Many studies have shown that non-ergonomic positioning of the spine is one of the main causes of postural deformity. In this regard, opium smoking requires sitting in non-ergonomic positions, which increases the possibility of posture disorders due to exposure for several hours a day and over many years. Objectives: This study aimed to compare neck pain and disability, forward head posture (FHP), and the curvature of the thoracic spine (thoracic hyperkyphosis [THK]) in opium users and non-drug users. Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 80 opium smokers were compared with 74 non-drug users in terms of craniovertebral angle (FHP), THK, and neck pain (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]) and disability (neck disability index [NDI]). Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and independent t-tests using SPSS version 23. Results: The difference between the 2 groups was significant in all variables, including VAS (P = 0.004), NDI (P < 0.001), craniovertebral angle (P = 0.003), and THK (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Forward head posture, THK, neck pain, and neck disability are more prevalent in opium smokers than non-drug users. This could be due to the long hours of the non-ergonomic position while smoking opium.
{"title":"Association Between Opium Smoking and Neck and Upper Spine Posture Disorders","authors":"Omid Massah, Amir Masoud Arab, Ali Farhoudian, Mahdi Noroozi, Fahimeh Hashemirad","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-138142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-138142","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many studies have shown that non-ergonomic positioning of the spine is one of the main causes of postural deformity. In this regard, opium smoking requires sitting in non-ergonomic positions, which increases the possibility of posture disorders due to exposure for several hours a day and over many years. Objectives: This study aimed to compare neck pain and disability, forward head posture (FHP), and the curvature of the thoracic spine (thoracic hyperkyphosis [THK]) in opium users and non-drug users. Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 80 opium smokers were compared with 74 non-drug users in terms of craniovertebral angle (FHP), THK, and neck pain (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]) and disability (neck disability index [NDI]). Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and independent t-tests using SPSS version 23. Results: The difference between the 2 groups was significant in all variables, including VAS (P = 0.004), NDI (P < 0.001), craniovertebral angle (P = 0.003), and THK (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Forward head posture, THK, neck pain, and neck disability are more prevalent in opium smokers than non-drug users. This could be due to the long hours of the non-ergonomic position while smoking opium.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sima Rafiei, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Samira Raoofi, Akbar Javan Biparva, Ahmad Ghashghaee
Context: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer diagnosed in women and the second most common cancer worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the rates of depression and identify the characteristics that put women at risk for developing depression while coping with BC in the Middle East. Evidence Acquisition: The present meta-analysis was performed by searching for keywords related to BC and depression in Middle East countries, including Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Qatar, and Turkey, in 4 main databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) between January 2000 and November 2021. The results were analyzed using R and CMA software. Results: Fifteen English-language papers were included in this meta-analysis. The estimated prevalence of depression was 40.8% among a total of 2369 BC women, with the highest depression rate (83.9%) among Pakistani women (95% CI, 73.6 - 89.5; P = 0.000) and the lowest depression rate (27.5%) among Turkish women (95% CI, 17.2 - 40.9; P = 0.002). The women who were under treatment had higher levels of depression compared with those who were treated. Conclusions: The diagnosis of depression during a clinical treatment process can provide accurate assessments of the mental and social well-being of patients and consequently inform them about their own care. Thus, cancer treatment centers need to integrate mental illness assessment and support significant parts of the treatment plan to prevent and treat depression among BC patients.
{"title":"Middle Eastern Patients with Breast Cancer and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Sima Rafiei, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Samira Raoofi, Akbar Javan Biparva, Ahmad Ghashghaee","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-135463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-135463","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer diagnosed in women and the second most common cancer worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the rates of depression and identify the characteristics that put women at risk for developing depression while coping with BC in the Middle East. Evidence Acquisition: The present meta-analysis was performed by searching for keywords related to BC and depression in Middle East countries, including Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Qatar, and Turkey, in 4 main databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) between January 2000 and November 2021. The results were analyzed using R and CMA software. Results: Fifteen English-language papers were included in this meta-analysis. The estimated prevalence of depression was 40.8% among a total of 2369 BC women, with the highest depression rate (83.9%) among Pakistani women (95% CI, 73.6 - 89.5; P = 0.000) and the lowest depression rate (27.5%) among Turkish women (95% CI, 17.2 - 40.9; P = 0.002). The women who were under treatment had higher levels of depression compared with those who were treated. Conclusions: The diagnosis of depression during a clinical treatment process can provide accurate assessments of the mental and social well-being of patients and consequently inform them about their own care. Thus, cancer treatment centers need to integrate mental illness assessment and support significant parts of the treatment plan to prevent and treat depression among BC patients.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: No mobile phone phobia (nomophobia, abbreviated here to NMP) is often utilized to show the fear of losing one’s mobile phone and connectivity and has a frequency of 40 - 100% in different societies. Objectives: This study aimed to reflect on the prevalence of NMP and the role of demographic and psychological factors in the prediction of NMP among adolescent female high school students in northern Iran. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescent female high school students living in Sari, Mazandaran province, northern Iran, between 2019 - 2020. By employing cluster sampling to select the participants, 588 students were ultimately recruited. The research instruments included a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Nomophobia Questionnaire, and the Cell Phone Addiction Scale. Using IBM SPSS software (version 26.0), the data were analyzed via Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: The study results revealed that the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the students’ age was 16.1 ± 1.2 years, and 98.6% of the participants experienced various levels of NMP. Additionally, the NMP and mobile phone dependence (MPD) mean ± SD values were equal to 54.75 ± 21.61 and 49.78 ± 18.05, respectively. A statistically significant direct relationship was further observed between the prevalence rate of NMP and the demographic variables, namely age (P = 0.000), type of school (P = 0.016), level of education (P = 0.000), and father’s education (P = 0.012). Conclusions: The study results indicated the high prevalence rate of NMP and MPD in adolescent female high school students. Therefore, further research is needed to examine the depth of psychological aspects of NMP.
{"title":"Prevalence of Nomophobia and Associated Factors in Adolescent Female Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Iran","authors":"Sanaz Jamshidifar, Parastoo Karimi, Seyed Jaber Musavi, Ali Ershad, Forouzan Elyasi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-132909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-132909","url":null,"abstract":"Background: No mobile phone phobia (nomophobia, abbreviated here to NMP) is often utilized to show the fear of losing one’s mobile phone and connectivity and has a frequency of 40 - 100% in different societies. Objectives: This study aimed to reflect on the prevalence of NMP and the role of demographic and psychological factors in the prediction of NMP among adolescent female high school students in northern Iran. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescent female high school students living in Sari, Mazandaran province, northern Iran, between 2019 - 2020. By employing cluster sampling to select the participants, 588 students were ultimately recruited. The research instruments included a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Nomophobia Questionnaire, and the Cell Phone Addiction Scale. Using IBM SPSS software (version 26.0), the data were analyzed via Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: The study results revealed that the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the students’ age was 16.1 ± 1.2 years, and 98.6% of the participants experienced various levels of NMP. Additionally, the NMP and mobile phone dependence (MPD) mean ± SD values were equal to 54.75 ± 21.61 and 49.78 ± 18.05, respectively. A statistically significant direct relationship was further observed between the prevalence rate of NMP and the demographic variables, namely age (P = 0.000), type of school (P = 0.016), level of education (P = 0.000), and father’s education (P = 0.012). Conclusions: The study results indicated the high prevalence rate of NMP and MPD in adolescent female high school students. Therefore, further research is needed to examine the depth of psychological aspects of NMP.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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