S. M. Razavi, A. Amirfakhraei, Kobra Hagi Alizadeh
Background: Iranian youth encounter numerous stressors, including accidents, suicide, and unemployment, heightening their risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It's crucial to assess, diagnose, and treat PTSD in this demographic. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure and validate the Post-Traumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS). Methods: A cross-sectional approach was employed for the validation of the PTSS in Bandar Abbas, 2022, with a sample of 901 young residents selected via random cluster sampling. Data were gathered using the PTSS and the Mississippi Scale for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (MSPSS). Validation of the scale encompassed content validity, concurrent validity, and factor analysis. Reliability assessments included internal consistency, test-retest, and split-half reliability. The optimal cut-off point was identified through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Youden Index. Results: The PTSS demonstrated robust face and content validity, evidenced by impact factor (1.6 < impact factor < 3.6), content validity ratio (CVR = 0.68 to 0.91), and Content Validity Index (CVI = 0.70 to 0.94). The PTSS's concurrent validity with the MSPSS was positively strong (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). Factor analyses, both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA), substantiated a four-factor model of the PTSS, accounting for 56.288% of the variance (19% for arousal and reactivity, 14% for negative alterations in cognitions and mood, 11% for avoidance, and 11% for intrusion). The scale's overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.87, with subscales ranging from 0.77 to 0.88. Test-retest reliability stood at 0.81 (P < 0.01), and split-half reliability at 0.81. The PTSS's optimal cut-off for PTSD diagnosis was 60, delivering a sensitivity of 0.70, specificity of 0.99, and Youden Index of 0.69. Conclusions: The PTSS proves to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing posttraumatic stress symptoms among young Iranians, offering a useful resource for researchers and practitioners in the prevention and treatment of PTSD.
{"title":"Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Version of the Post-Traumatic Symptom Scale: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis","authors":"S. M. Razavi, A. Amirfakhraei, Kobra Hagi Alizadeh","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-141873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-141873","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iranian youth encounter numerous stressors, including accidents, suicide, and unemployment, heightening their risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It's crucial to assess, diagnose, and treat PTSD in this demographic. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure and validate the Post-Traumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS). Methods: A cross-sectional approach was employed for the validation of the PTSS in Bandar Abbas, 2022, with a sample of 901 young residents selected via random cluster sampling. Data were gathered using the PTSS and the Mississippi Scale for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (MSPSS). Validation of the scale encompassed content validity, concurrent validity, and factor analysis. Reliability assessments included internal consistency, test-retest, and split-half reliability. The optimal cut-off point was identified through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Youden Index. Results: The PTSS demonstrated robust face and content validity, evidenced by impact factor (1.6 < impact factor < 3.6), content validity ratio (CVR = 0.68 to 0.91), and Content Validity Index (CVI = 0.70 to 0.94). The PTSS's concurrent validity with the MSPSS was positively strong (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). Factor analyses, both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA), substantiated a four-factor model of the PTSS, accounting for 56.288% of the variance (19% for arousal and reactivity, 14% for negative alterations in cognitions and mood, 11% for avoidance, and 11% for intrusion). The scale's overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.87, with subscales ranging from 0.77 to 0.88. Test-retest reliability stood at 0.81 (P < 0.01), and split-half reliability at 0.81. The PTSS's optimal cut-off for PTSD diagnosis was 60, delivering a sensitivity of 0.70, specificity of 0.99, and Youden Index of 0.69. Conclusions: The PTSS proves to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing posttraumatic stress symptoms among young Iranians, offering a useful resource for researchers and practitioners in the prevention and treatment of PTSD.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marziye Feizi, Zahra sadat Pour Seyyed Aghaei, Jafar Sarani Yaztappeh, Saeeda Karbalai Tarkashduz, A. Kianimoghadam, Maryam Bakhtiyari, Fatemeh Ghasemi Niaei
Background: Positive psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with the factors shaping mental health, even in dangerous situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, by emphasizing human capabilities. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of positive psychology in online group meetings on the spiritual well-being and positive and negative effects of Iranian working women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present study was a clinical trial conducted with a pre-test, post-test, 1-month follow-up, and a control group conducted on all Iranian working women aged 18 - 45 years who were users of social networks (such as Instagram, Telegram, and WhatsApp) in 2022 - 2023. The sample was selected by convenience sampling and included 52 women assigned to the experimental (26 women) and control (26 women) groups. Data were collected using the Spiritual Well-Being scale (SWBS) of Paloutzian and Ellison and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The experimental group received 6 one-hour training sessions. The data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) through SPSS software (version 22). Results: The MANCOVA results revealed that after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the groups regarding the positive affect variable (P < 0.001), while no difference was observed between the two groups in spiritual well-being and negative affect (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings recommend interventions based on positive psychology to increase positive affect due to its emphasis on the positive points of the current situation and strengthening them, leading to the adoption of an active stance towards life. On the other hand, the insignificant effect of the treatment on spiritual well-being and negative effects necessitates more studies and more serious and long-term interventions.
{"title":"Effect of Positive Psychology Online Group Therapy on Spiritual Well-Being, Positive and Negative Affect of Working Women in COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Marziye Feizi, Zahra sadat Pour Seyyed Aghaei, Jafar Sarani Yaztappeh, Saeeda Karbalai Tarkashduz, A. Kianimoghadam, Maryam Bakhtiyari, Fatemeh Ghasemi Niaei","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-138380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-138380","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Positive psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with the factors shaping mental health, even in dangerous situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, by emphasizing human capabilities. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of positive psychology in online group meetings on the spiritual well-being and positive and negative effects of Iranian working women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present study was a clinical trial conducted with a pre-test, post-test, 1-month follow-up, and a control group conducted on all Iranian working women aged 18 - 45 years who were users of social networks (such as Instagram, Telegram, and WhatsApp) in 2022 - 2023. The sample was selected by convenience sampling and included 52 women assigned to the experimental (26 women) and control (26 women) groups. Data were collected using the Spiritual Well-Being scale (SWBS) of Paloutzian and Ellison and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The experimental group received 6 one-hour training sessions. The data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) through SPSS software (version 22). Results: The MANCOVA results revealed that after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the groups regarding the positive affect variable (P < 0.001), while no difference was observed between the two groups in spiritual well-being and negative affect (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings recommend interventions based on positive psychology to increase positive affect due to its emphasis on the positive points of the current situation and strengthening them, leading to the adoption of an active stance towards life. On the other hand, the insignificant effect of the treatment on spiritual well-being and negative effects necessitates more studies and more serious and long-term interventions.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Utilizing metaphors assists clients in gaining insight and effecting changes in their lives. Given that Rumi predominantly uses metaphors and allegories to convey profound thoughts, we have focused our attention on his works. This review aims to evaluate what is known from the research literature about the utilization of Rumi’s metaphors and allegories in the context of psychotherapy. Evidence Acquisition: The literature search was conducted in Scopus, PsychInfo, Proquest, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane databases in English, and SID and Google Scholar databases in Persian (until May 31, 2022). To identify relevant literature, the searched terms included Persian and English key terms: “Rumi,” “Psychology,” and “Psychotherapy.” The studies included in our review were those published in either English or Persian and specifically focused on therapeutic approaches. We excluded studies that had a religious, mystical, philosophical, or literary view of Rumi's thoughts. Results: Overall, 24 studies were included in this scoping review. Among the studies, Rumi's metaphors and allegories have been employed more in cognitive, mindfulness-based, and existential-humanistic approaches (29%, 29%, and 25%, respectively). Additionally, three studies developed an interventional package based on Rumi’s thoughts. We found that the number of studies using Rumi's ideas in psychotherapy approaches has been growing increasingly in recent years, with 10 of 24 studies published in 2020 and 2021. Conclusions: Although the small number of identified articles makes definitive conclusions challenging, they reveal that Rumi's metaphors and allegories have the potential to enhance clients' insight within diverse therapeutic approaches. It is suggested that the metaphors and allegories in Rumi's thoughts can be effectively utilized across a wide spectrum of cultural contexts.
{"title":"A Scoping Review on the Use of Rumi’s Allegories and Metaphors in Psychotherapy","authors":"Faeze Alipour, Asghar Norouzi, Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-142718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-142718","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Utilizing metaphors assists clients in gaining insight and effecting changes in their lives. Given that Rumi predominantly uses metaphors and allegories to convey profound thoughts, we have focused our attention on his works. This review aims to evaluate what is known from the research literature about the utilization of Rumi’s metaphors and allegories in the context of psychotherapy. Evidence Acquisition: The literature search was conducted in Scopus, PsychInfo, Proquest, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane databases in English, and SID and Google Scholar databases in Persian (until May 31, 2022). To identify relevant literature, the searched terms included Persian and English key terms: “Rumi,” “Psychology,” and “Psychotherapy.” The studies included in our review were those published in either English or Persian and specifically focused on therapeutic approaches. We excluded studies that had a religious, mystical, philosophical, or literary view of Rumi's thoughts. Results: Overall, 24 studies were included in this scoping review. Among the studies, Rumi's metaphors and allegories have been employed more in cognitive, mindfulness-based, and existential-humanistic approaches (29%, 29%, and 25%, respectively). Additionally, three studies developed an interventional package based on Rumi’s thoughts. We found that the number of studies using Rumi's ideas in psychotherapy approaches has been growing increasingly in recent years, with 10 of 24 studies published in 2020 and 2021. Conclusions: Although the small number of identified articles makes definitive conclusions challenging, they reveal that Rumi's metaphors and allegories have the potential to enhance clients' insight within diverse therapeutic approaches. It is suggested that the metaphors and allegories in Rumi's thoughts can be effectively utilized across a wide spectrum of cultural contexts.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naser Masoudi, Moloud Radfar, Masoome Hemmati Maslak, F. Mohammadi
Background: During the COVID-19 crisis, spirituality can offer support to patients, assisting them in coping with the disease despite its associated pain and suffering. Objectives: This study investigates the spiritual experiences of patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Methods: This qualitative, interpretive phenomenological study utilized in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 16 patients, selected via purposive snowball sampling. All interviews were recorded and analyzed using Van Manen’s interpretive phenomenological approach. Results: Data analysis revealed four major themes and eleven sub-themes, each conceptually named to reflect its essence. The major themes are “the miracle of spirituality,” “discovering a new meaning for life,” “strengthening spiritual beliefs,” and “rebirth of spiritual life.”
{"title":"Spiritual Experiences of COVID-19 Recovered Patients: A Phenomenological Study","authors":"Naser Masoudi, Moloud Radfar, Masoome Hemmati Maslak, F. Mohammadi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-141978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-141978","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the COVID-19 crisis, spirituality can offer support to patients, assisting them in coping with the disease despite its associated pain and suffering. Objectives: This study investigates the spiritual experiences of patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Methods: This qualitative, interpretive phenomenological study utilized in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 16 patients, selected via purposive snowball sampling. All interviews were recorded and analyzed using Van Manen’s interpretive phenomenological approach. Results: Data analysis revealed four major themes and eleven sub-themes, each conceptually named to reflect its essence. The major themes are “the miracle of spirituality,” “discovering a new meaning for life,” “strengthening spiritual beliefs,” and “rebirth of spiritual life.”","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mobile phone addiction (MPA) among students leads to significant psychological changes. Therefore, modifying mobile phone usage (MPU) patterns using behavioral change theories and models can be beneficial. The transtheoretical model (TTM) is commonly employed in the field of addictive behaviors. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of an intervention based on TTM on MPA in female primary school students. Methods: This experimental study included 72 students (36 participants in each group) randomly selected from girls' primary schools in Bushehr. The data collection tool comprised a questionnaire covering demographic factors, stage of changes, decisional balance (DC), self-efficacy (SE), excessive mobile phone use, and an MPA questionnaire. The training was conducted through motivational interview sessions: Two for participants in the preparation stage and three for those in the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages, utilizing the constructs of the TTM. After 3 months, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software with a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The findings indicated similarities between the two groups before the study. Following the intervention, the training led to a significant increase in the mean score of SE and DC distribution count of excessive MPU (P = 0.013) and stage of change (P < 0.001) over time between the two groups. Mobile phone addiction significantly decreased in the intervention group three months after training (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Education based on TTM can effectively reduce MPA in students.
{"title":"Effect of Educational Intervention on Reducing Mobile Phone Addiction: Application of Transtheoretical Model","authors":"A. Noroozi, Robab Mondanizadee, R. Tahmasebi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-143215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-143215","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mobile phone addiction (MPA) among students leads to significant psychological changes. Therefore, modifying mobile phone usage (MPU) patterns using behavioral change theories and models can be beneficial. The transtheoretical model (TTM) is commonly employed in the field of addictive behaviors. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of an intervention based on TTM on MPA in female primary school students. Methods: This experimental study included 72 students (36 participants in each group) randomly selected from girls' primary schools in Bushehr. The data collection tool comprised a questionnaire covering demographic factors, stage of changes, decisional balance (DC), self-efficacy (SE), excessive mobile phone use, and an MPA questionnaire. The training was conducted through motivational interview sessions: Two for participants in the preparation stage and three for those in the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages, utilizing the constructs of the TTM. After 3 months, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software with a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The findings indicated similarities between the two groups before the study. Following the intervention, the training led to a significant increase in the mean score of SE and DC distribution count of excessive MPU (P = 0.013) and stage of change (P < 0.001) over time between the two groups. Mobile phone addiction significantly decreased in the intervention group three months after training (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Education based on TTM can effectively reduce MPA in students.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Patients with chronic illnesses like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a higher risk of depression and psychiatric disorders, potentially leading to adverse outcomes. Eating disorders appear to be one of the factors contributing to T2DM and resulting in poor glycemic control and complications. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of eating disorders and suicidal ideation between morbid and non-morbid T2DM patients. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted at the Yazd Diabetes Research Center from August 2021 to March 2022. A total of 232 T2DM patients aged between 30 and 65 were included in the study. Through convenience sampling, data were collected using structured questionnaires to assess eating disorders, suicidal ideation, and demographic information. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between variables. Results: The study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of eating disorders between the two groups of T2DM patients (P = 0.083). However, upon considering age as a contributing factor, it was observed that younger patients afflicted with morbid T2DM exhibited a markedly higher incidence of eating disorders when compared to their non-morbid counterparts (P = 0.019). In contrast, a significant distinction emerged in terms of suicidal ideation between the two groups (P = 0.015), with patients suffering from morbid T2DM reporting elevated rates of contemplating suicide. Subgroup analyses further underscored a heightened prevalence of suicidal ideation among female patients and those aged 30 - 59 who were afflicted with morbid T2DM. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of mental health assessment in T2DM patients, particularly those with morbid disease, younger age, higher Body Mass Index (BMI), and poor glycemic control. Early detection and intervention for eating disorders and suicidal ideation could significantly improve the overall well-being and outcomes of T2DM patients.
{"title":"Eating Disorders and Suicidal Ideation in Morbid and Non-morbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Amin Soltani Esmaeli, Hamid Owliaey, H. Ghasemirad, Shadi Talebi, Reyhane soltaninezhad, Hossein Toreyhi, Zahra Pournasiri, Mehrnoush Giahi Yazdi, Saeed Rahmani, Reza Bidaki, Meraj Kargar","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-144042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-144042","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients with chronic illnesses like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a higher risk of depression and psychiatric disorders, potentially leading to adverse outcomes. Eating disorders appear to be one of the factors contributing to T2DM and resulting in poor glycemic control and complications. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of eating disorders and suicidal ideation between morbid and non-morbid T2DM patients. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted at the Yazd Diabetes Research Center from August 2021 to March 2022. A total of 232 T2DM patients aged between 30 and 65 were included in the study. Through convenience sampling, data were collected using structured questionnaires to assess eating disorders, suicidal ideation, and demographic information. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between variables. Results: The study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of eating disorders between the two groups of T2DM patients (P = 0.083). However, upon considering age as a contributing factor, it was observed that younger patients afflicted with morbid T2DM exhibited a markedly higher incidence of eating disorders when compared to their non-morbid counterparts (P = 0.019). In contrast, a significant distinction emerged in terms of suicidal ideation between the two groups (P = 0.015), with patients suffering from morbid T2DM reporting elevated rates of contemplating suicide. Subgroup analyses further underscored a heightened prevalence of suicidal ideation among female patients and those aged 30 - 59 who were afflicted with morbid T2DM. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of mental health assessment in T2DM patients, particularly those with morbid disease, younger age, higher Body Mass Index (BMI), and poor glycemic control. Early detection and intervention for eating disorders and suicidal ideation could significantly improve the overall well-being and outcomes of T2DM patients.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Elder abuse presents a significant public health concern with implications for overall well-being. As Iran undergoes demographic aging, there is a lack of data regarding the prevalence of elder abuse. Objectives: This study aimed to provide insight into the prevalence of elder abuse in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan in 2021, recruiting 424 individuals aged 60 and above from the "Comprehensive Health Services Centers" through simple random sampling. Demographic information and responses to the Elderly Abuse questionnaire were collected via interviews. Descriptive statistics, including mean and confidence intervals, were utilized, while analytical methods such as independent t-tests, chi-square tests, Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, and logistic regression were employed for data analysis. Results: The study revealed a 36% prevalence of elder abuse across at least one category, with authority deprivation (19.6%) and emotional neglect (19.3%) being the most prevalent forms. This prevalence was higher among individuals aged 60 - 69 years (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2, CI (1.19 - 3.45), P = 0.01), females (adjusted OR = 2.61, CI (1.30 - 5.25), P = 0.007), retirees (adjusted OR = 4.15, CI (1.59 - 10.92), P = 0.004), and those with a history of chronic illness (adjusted OR = 2.11, CI (1.26 - 3.53), P = 0.004). Conclusions: Elder abuse emerges as a significant public health issue in Isfahan. Given the ongoing aging process nationwide, there is a critical need for interventions aimed at preventing and mitigating this public health concern.
{"title":"Prevalence of Elder Abuse and Its Related Factors in Isfahan, Iran","authors":"S. Siadat, Narges Motamedi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-137699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-137699","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Elder abuse presents a significant public health concern with implications for overall well-being. As Iran undergoes demographic aging, there is a lack of data regarding the prevalence of elder abuse. Objectives: This study aimed to provide insight into the prevalence of elder abuse in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan in 2021, recruiting 424 individuals aged 60 and above from the \"Comprehensive Health Services Centers\" through simple random sampling. Demographic information and responses to the Elderly Abuse questionnaire were collected via interviews. Descriptive statistics, including mean and confidence intervals, were utilized, while analytical methods such as independent t-tests, chi-square tests, Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, and logistic regression were employed for data analysis. Results: The study revealed a 36% prevalence of elder abuse across at least one category, with authority deprivation (19.6%) and emotional neglect (19.3%) being the most prevalent forms. This prevalence was higher among individuals aged 60 - 69 years (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2, CI (1.19 - 3.45), P = 0.01), females (adjusted OR = 2.61, CI (1.30 - 5.25), P = 0.007), retirees (adjusted OR = 4.15, CI (1.59 - 10.92), P = 0.004), and those with a history of chronic illness (adjusted OR = 2.11, CI (1.26 - 3.53), P = 0.004). Conclusions: Elder abuse emerges as a significant public health issue in Isfahan. Given the ongoing aging process nationwide, there is a critical need for interventions aimed at preventing and mitigating this public health concern.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Despite the challenging nature of cancer, research has indicated that the battle against this illness can lead to positive transformations following diagnosis and treatment, a phenomenon known as post-traumatic growth. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the association between body image and mental well-being and post-traumatic growth among women who have undergone breast cancer treatment and mastectomy surgery. Methods: Employing a correlational research design, this study sampled 276 participants, focusing on married women in Tehran who have experienced mastectomy. The instruments used included McKinley and Hyde's Body Image Scale (1996), the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being 1989 (RSPWB-18), and the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) by Tedeschi. Results: Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation test and multivariate regression analysis. The findings revealed a significant association between psychological well-being and post-traumatic growth in women (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of incorporating an understanding of the relationship between these variables into the development of educational and psychological interventions, integrating them with treatment plans for patients post-breast cancer surgery.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Body Image and Psychological Well-Being with Post-Traumatic Growth in Women with Breast Cancer and a History of Mastectomy","authors":"Saeed Alikhani, Maryam Asadolah Tooyserkani, Elham Aghaie","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-139377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-139377","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the challenging nature of cancer, research has indicated that the battle against this illness can lead to positive transformations following diagnosis and treatment, a phenomenon known as post-traumatic growth. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the association between body image and mental well-being and post-traumatic growth among women who have undergone breast cancer treatment and mastectomy surgery. Methods: Employing a correlational research design, this study sampled 276 participants, focusing on married women in Tehran who have experienced mastectomy. The instruments used included McKinley and Hyde's Body Image Scale (1996), the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being 1989 (RSPWB-18), and the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) by Tedeschi. Results: Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation test and multivariate regression analysis. The findings revealed a significant association between psychological well-being and post-traumatic growth in women (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of incorporating an understanding of the relationship between these variables into the development of educational and psychological interventions, integrating them with treatment plans for patients post-breast cancer surgery.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mental health disorders influence emotions and behavior and frequently result in stigma, particularly personal stigma, where affected individuals internalize societal biases. This study explores the relationship between internalized stigma and hope, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in individuals with mental illness. Objectives: The aim was to investigate the relationship between internalized stigma and hope, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in patients with mental illness and to contribute to the discourse on mental health care. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 126 mental illness outpatients from Amirkabir Hospital in Arak, Iran, was conducted. Instruments such as the Internalized Stigma Of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale, Schneider's Dispositional Hope Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale were utilized. Data were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: In this study of 126 participants (54% women, 46% men; ages ranging from 18 to 89), the average score for internalized stigma was 61.04 ± 18.37. There were significant negative correlations observed between self-stigma and hope (r = -0.658, P < 0.001), self-esteem (r = -0.666, P < 0.001), and self-efficacy (r = -0.641, P < 0.001). No significant relationships were identified with socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, and marital status. However, a significant relationship was observed between education level, self-stigma, and self-efficacy. Conclusions: The study confirms that internalized stigma significantly affects hope, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in patients with mental disorders. The findings emphasize the necessity for improved psychological services and educational programs to strengthen these factors, thus diminishing the impact of stigma and enhancing patients' lives.
{"title":"The Role of Internalized Stigma in Modulating Hope, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy among Outpatients with Mental Illness","authors":"Salehesadat Hosseini, Farideh Ranjbaran, Zahra Shahmoradi, Fahimeh Omidi, Mohammadreza Rezaie, Zahra Mohamadi, Amin Tajerian","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-139613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-139613","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mental health disorders influence emotions and behavior and frequently result in stigma, particularly personal stigma, where affected individuals internalize societal biases. This study explores the relationship between internalized stigma and hope, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in individuals with mental illness. Objectives: The aim was to investigate the relationship between internalized stigma and hope, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in patients with mental illness and to contribute to the discourse on mental health care. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 126 mental illness outpatients from Amirkabir Hospital in Arak, Iran, was conducted. Instruments such as the Internalized Stigma Of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale, Schneider's Dispositional Hope Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale were utilized. Data were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: In this study of 126 participants (54% women, 46% men; ages ranging from 18 to 89), the average score for internalized stigma was 61.04 ± 18.37. There were significant negative correlations observed between self-stigma and hope (r = -0.658, P < 0.001), self-esteem (r = -0.666, P < 0.001), and self-efficacy (r = -0.641, P < 0.001). No significant relationships were identified with socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, and marital status. However, a significant relationship was observed between education level, self-stigma, and self-efficacy. Conclusions: The study confirms that internalized stigma significantly affects hope, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in patients with mental disorders. The findings emphasize the necessity for improved psychological services and educational programs to strengthen these factors, thus diminishing the impact of stigma and enhancing patients' lives.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mina Makvand, S. Mirtorabi, Arezoo Campbell, G. Ahangari
Background: Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been a cornerstone in heroin addiction management. However, its efficacy varies among individuals. The complex interplay of genetic backgrounds and demographic data could influence the response to MMT in heroin addiction. No previous adoption study has aimed to merge these findings into a potential pre-treatment screening tool. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the combined influence of dopamine and opioid receptors and receptor endocytosis machinery genes, individual genetic backgrounds, and demographic data on the response to MMT in patients with heroin addiction. Methods: We enrolled 80 heroin addicts receiving MMT for 3 months alongside 80 healthy individuals in a comparative study. The approach utilized multinomial, linear, and binary logistic regression analyses to investigate the interplay of genetic factors (DRD1-5, opioid receptors [µ1, δ1, and κ1], DNM1L, RAB22A, and COMT), demographic independent variables, including, family history, heroin duration, age onset, heroin dose, and methadone dose, and clinical markers Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) with compliance with MMT protocols. Results: Results revealed that a positive family history and a higher level of heroin dose significantly predicted poor compliance to MMT. Additionally, the patients with lower expression levels of DRD2 and higher expression levels of DNM1L and COMT genes were at higher risk for poor compliance with the treatment. Conclusions: By utilizing a comprehensive dataset of gene expression profiles and demographic and clinical parameters, this study developed a regression model predicting resistance or response to methadone. This innovative approach seeks to bridge the gap between pharmacogenomics and clinical practice and offer a potential pre-treatment screening tool for personalized MMT strategies in opioid addiction management. The obtained findings hold intriguing promise for future research, potentially unlocking deeper insights into the underlying risk factors of addiction.
{"title":"Predictive Factors for Methadone Maintenance Treatment Compliance: Exploring Resistance and Tolerance in Heroin Addiction","authors":"Mina Makvand, S. Mirtorabi, Arezoo Campbell, G. Ahangari","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-143305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-143305","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been a cornerstone in heroin addiction management. However, its efficacy varies among individuals. The complex interplay of genetic backgrounds and demographic data could influence the response to MMT in heroin addiction. No previous adoption study has aimed to merge these findings into a potential pre-treatment screening tool. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the combined influence of dopamine and opioid receptors and receptor endocytosis machinery genes, individual genetic backgrounds, and demographic data on the response to MMT in patients with heroin addiction. Methods: We enrolled 80 heroin addicts receiving MMT for 3 months alongside 80 healthy individuals in a comparative study. The approach utilized multinomial, linear, and binary logistic regression analyses to investigate the interplay of genetic factors (DRD1-5, opioid receptors [µ1, δ1, and κ1], DNM1L, RAB22A, and COMT), demographic independent variables, including, family history, heroin duration, age onset, heroin dose, and methadone dose, and clinical markers Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) with compliance with MMT protocols. Results: Results revealed that a positive family history and a higher level of heroin dose significantly predicted poor compliance to MMT. Additionally, the patients with lower expression levels of DRD2 and higher expression levels of DNM1L and COMT genes were at higher risk for poor compliance with the treatment. Conclusions: By utilizing a comprehensive dataset of gene expression profiles and demographic and clinical parameters, this study developed a regression model predicting resistance or response to methadone. This innovative approach seeks to bridge the gap between pharmacogenomics and clinical practice and offer a potential pre-treatment screening tool for personalized MMT strategies in opioid addiction management. The obtained findings hold intriguing promise for future research, potentially unlocking deeper insights into the underlying risk factors of addiction.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：