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Engaging Parents in Special Education: An Examination of Knowledge and Access to Resources 让家长参与特殊教育:对知识和资源获取的考察
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1080/09362835.2021.2006060
Jacqueline Huscroft-D’Angelo, Jennifer Farley, Kristin Duppong Hurley, M. Lambert, A. Trout
ABSTRACT Parental engagement in special education promotes positive student outcomes and parent-school relationships. In order to promote engagement, parents must possess a basic knowledge and understanding of special education processes and parent and student rights. Little is known regarding parental knowledge about special education or how they learn about and access information on the special education process. This exploratory study surveyed 133 parents of students with disabilities to identify how they received special education related information, specific information received or searched across primary special education topics, and their perceived current and retrospective understanding of these topics as well as how these may differ based on specific parent and special education status characteristics. Findings indicate that parents gain the majority of information from personal communication (i.e., conversations with special education teachers, other parents), often independently search out additional information on key aspects of special education, and feel most knowledgeable about Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and least knowledgeable about the legal aspects of special education. Significant differences were noted on some family characteristics in areas of satisfaction with resources, overall special education knowledge, and ways in which parents obtain information (e.g., school or on their own). Limitations, implications, and future research are discussed.
家长参与特殊教育促进积极的学生成果和家长-学校关系。为了促进参与,家长必须具备对特殊教育过程以及家长和学生权利的基本知识和理解。关于父母对特殊教育的了解,以及他们如何学习和获取特殊教育过程的信息,我们知之甚少。本探索性研究调查了133名残疾学生的家长,以确定他们如何获得特殊教育相关信息,在小学特殊教育主题中获得或搜索的特定信息,以及他们对这些主题的当前和回顾性理解,以及这些理解如何根据特定家长和特殊教育状况特征而有所不同。调查结果表明,家长从个人交流(即与特殊教育教师、其他家长的对话)中获得大部分信息,经常独立搜索特殊教育关键方面的额外信息,并且对个性化教育计划(IEPs)了解最多,对特殊教育的法律方面了解最少。在资源满意度、整体特殊教育知识和父母获取信息的方式(例如,学校或自己)方面,一些家庭特征存在显著差异。讨论了局限性、意义和未来的研究。
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引用次数: 1
Playing Games to Promote Fluency: Making Products to Make Gains 玩游戏促流利:做产品获收益
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/09362835.2021.2006061
Emily C. Bouck, Holly M. Long
ABSTRACT Mathematical fluency supports maintenance of mathematical skills (Shurr et al., 2019). Multiple interventions support fluency, including the use of games. However, limited research exists exploring games as a means of increasing student fluency in mathematics. In this single case design study, researchers examined the relation between four elementary students’ fluency with single-digit multiplication problems and playing the Product Game, which is a game focused on whole number multiplication facts. Researchers found a functional relation between the intervention of playing the game for 10 min and student accuracy with digits and answers on a 1 min multiplication fluency probe. Overall, students also maintained higher digit and answer rates.
摘要数学流利性有助于保持数学技能(Shurr et al.,2019)。多种干预措施支持流畅性,包括游戏的使用。然而,探索游戏作为提高学生数学流利性的一种手段的研究有限。在这项单案例设计研究中,研究人员考察了四名小学生对个位数乘法问题的流利程度与玩乘积游戏之间的关系,乘积游戏是一种关注整数乘法事实的游戏。研究人员发现,玩游戏10分钟的干预与学生在1分钟乘法流利度测试中数字和答案的准确性之间存在函数关系。总体而言,学生的数字和回答率也保持较高。
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引用次数: 0
Special Educator Advocacy: A Case of Retaliation? 特殊教育者倡导:报复案例?
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/09362835.2021.1938068
P. Zirkel
ABSTRACT This article summarizes the applicable judicial analysis for cases in which special education personnel claim that their employing district retaliated against them for advocacy on behalf of students with disabilities. Providing examples of recent relevant court decisions, it traces the applicable essential elements and likely outcomes for such claims under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the secondary alternative legal bases of First Amendment freedom of expression and state whistle blower laws. The concluding discussion provides the practical implications for special educators, including the role of professional ethics.
摘要:本文总结了特殊教育人员因为残疾学生辩护而主张用人单位对其进行报复的案件的适用司法分析。它提供了最近相关法院判决的例子,追溯了根据《康复法》第504条以及《第一修正案》的言论自由和国家举报人法的次要替代法律基础,此类索赔的适用基本要素和可能的结果。最后的讨论为特殊教育工作者提供了现实意义,包括职业道德的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Advocacy Process and Its Products among Parents of Children with Disabilities 残疾儿童家长的宣传过程及其产品探索
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/09362835.2021.1968403
M. Burke, J. Tovar, Kristina Rios
ABSTRACT Advocacy is often an expectation for parents of children with disabilities. However, little is known about the process and products (i.e., outcomes) of parent advocacy experiences. Without understanding parent perceptions of their advocacy experiences, it is difficult to measure the effectiveness of parent advocacy. To this end, the purpose of this study was to explore positive (i.e., successful) and negative (i.e., unsuccessful) advocacy experiences of parents of children with disabilities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 43 parents of children with disabilities. Constant comparative analysis was used to analyze the interview data. The advocacy process was the same regardless of whether the advocacy experience was positive or negative. Participants reported positive advocacy experiences reinforced future advocacy efforts whereas negative advocacy experiences had mixed effects on their future advocacy. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
倡导往往是残疾儿童父母的期望。然而,人们对父母倡导经验的过程和产品(即结果)知之甚少。如果不了解父母对其倡导经历的看法,就很难衡量父母倡导的有效性。为此,本研究的目的是探索残疾儿童父母的积极(即成功)和消极(即不成功)宣传经验。对43名残疾儿童的父母进行了半结构化访谈。采用持续比较分析法对访谈数据进行分析。无论宣传经历是积极的还是消极的,宣传过程都是一样的。与会者报告说,积极的宣传经验加强了未来的宣传工作,而消极的宣传经验对他们未来的宣传产生了混合影响。讨论了对研究和实践的启示。
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引用次数: 0
A survey of the writing instructional practices of Nebraska teachers of students with visual impairments 内布拉斯加州视障学生写作教学实践调查
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/09362835.2020.1850450
Michael A. Hebert, Mackenzie E. Savaiano
ABSTRACT This paper describes a survey of teachers of students with visual impairments (TVIs) in Nebraska. Questions addressed their preparation to teach writing, writing practices, and beliefs about writing instruction. Twenty-four of 60 TVIs in Nebraska responded to the survey, and 19 answered all questions. Teachers were split on their preparation to teach writing (50% indicated receiving adequate training), but slightly to moderately agreed that they knew how to use writing to support their students’ needs. The TVIs unanimously agreed that all writing purposes (e.g., for fun, to demonstrate knowledge, for daily living activities) are appropriate for students who are functionally blind, students who have low vision, and students with multiple disabilities or deaf-blindness. However, they were split on whether writing instruction was their responsibility (47.8% agreed, 52.2% disagreed) and varied in the use of writing practices across different groups of students (e.g., 74% of TVIs felt writing to inform was appropriate for students who are functionally blind, whereas only 42% and 11% felt this was appropriate for students with low vision and multiple-disabilities, respectively). The implications of this study are limited due to the small number of participants, but the results represent 40% of the total number of Nebraska TVIs.
摘要本文介绍了一项针对内布拉斯加州视障学生教师的调查。问题涉及他们的写作教学准备、写作实践和写作教学信念。内布拉斯加州60家电视台中有24家对调查做出了回应,19家回答了所有问题。教师们在教授写作的准备工作上存在分歧(50%的教师表示接受了充分的培训),但略至中度的教师认为他们知道如何使用写作来满足学生的需求。TVI一致认为,所有写作目的(如娱乐、展示知识、日常生活活动)都适合功能性失明的学生、视力低下的学生以及多重残疾或聋哑学生。然而他们对写作教学是否是他们的责任存在分歧(47.8%的人同意,52.2%的人不同意),不同学生群体在写作实践的使用上也存在差异(例如,74%的TVI认为写作告知适合功能性失明的学生,而只有42%和11%的TVI分别认为这适合视力低下和多重残疾的学生)。由于参与者人数较少,这项研究的意义有限,但研究结果占内布拉斯加州TVI总数的40%。
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引用次数: 1
The Meaning and Nature of Parental Advocacy in the Early Years 早期父母倡导的意义和性质
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/09362835.2021.1938054
Kristen Schraml-Block, M. Ostrosky
ABSTRACT Families who have children with delays or disabilities are often expected to become advocates for their children. Despite this inherent expectation, there is limited research available focused on advocacy during the early years (birth to three). The purpose of this study was to use qualitative inquiry, specifically semi-structured interviews, to explore 15 parents’ meanings of and experiences with advocacy in the early years. Thematic and constant comparative analyses were used and subsequently 22 codes within six major categories were identified. Three major findings related to the meaning and nature of advocacy in the early years involved: (a) education and being a voice for children are critical components of parents’ constructed definitions of advocacy; (b) parents engage in a variety of advocacy interactions, across formal and informal settings, prior to and during Early Intervention; and (c) and parental advocacy requires capital resources. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
有迟缓或残疾儿童的家庭通常被期望成为他们孩子的拥护者。尽管有这种固有的期望,但关注儿童早期(出生至三岁)宣传的现有研究有限。本研究的目的是使用定性调查,特别是半结构化访谈,探讨15名父母早年倡导的意义和经历。使用了专题和经常比较分析,随后确定了六个主要类别中的22个代码。与早期倡导的意义和性质有关的三个主要发现:(a)教育和成为儿童的代言人是父母对倡导的定义的关键组成部分;(b)在早期干预之前和期间,父母在正式和非正式的环境中参与各种宣传互动;(c)父母的支持需要资本资源。讨论了对实践和未来研究的启示。
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引用次数: 0
A National View of Transition Planning Participation and Post-School Goals for English Learners with Disabilities 从国家角度看英语障碍学习者的过渡计划、参与和毕业后目标
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/09362835.2021.1938060
Yi-Chen Wu, M. Thurlow, David R. Johnson
ABSTRACT The increase in English learners (ELs) with disabilities has been reported by others, yet little is known about the transition planning meeting experiences of this population and their post-school expectations. This study explored transition planning experiences and post-school expectations of a nationally representative sample of ELs with disabilities by examining the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 dataset. Results showed that ELs with disabilities were more likely to take a passive role in transition planning and less likely to be involved in developing goals during the Individualized Education Program (IEP) transition planning meeting. ELs with disabilities, compared to non-ELs with disabilities, had lower expectations for being financially independent by age 30. These findings underscore the importance of specifically addressing the cultural and linguistic needs of ELs with disabilities during the IEP transition planning process and suggest recommendations for educational policy and practice for this population.
摘要:据其他人报道,残疾英语学习者的人数有所增加,但对这一人群的过渡计划会议经历及其放学后的期望知之甚少。本研究通过检查2012年国家纵向过渡研究数据集,探讨了具有全国代表性的残疾ELs样本的过渡规划经验和放学后期望。结果表明,残疾ELs更有可能在过渡规划中扮演被动角色,而不太可能在个性化教育计划(IEP)过渡规划会议期间参与制定目标。与非残疾ELs相比,残疾ELs对30岁时经济独立的期望较低。这些发现强调了在IEP过渡规划过程中具体解决残疾ELs的文化和语言需求的重要性,并为这一人群的教育政策和实践提出了建议。
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引用次数: 3
Complicating the Narrative about Emergency Certified Special Educators 使紧急认证特殊教育者的叙述复杂化
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-06-27 DOI: 10.1080/09362835.2021.1938061
K. Wilkerson, Elizabeth E. Sikora, Melinda M. Leko
ABSTRACT For decades, school districts have relied on unlicensed teachers to fill vacancies in special education, leaving students with disabilities to receive educational services from individuals without the necessary preparation, resulting in inequitable educational opportunities. An emergency certification, granted in numerous states, allows unlicensed teachers to provide students’ instruction. We utilized teacher licensure data from a state education agency to examine the preparation pathways of emergency certified special educators in one Midwestern state. Through our descriptive analysis of 798 special educators, 62.5% obtained a full special education teaching license. Traditional educator preparation programs (50.4%) and alternative programs (48.9%) were completed at comparable rates, and special educators worked most frequently on an emergency certification for one year before obtaining full licensure. We provide implications for future research and practice to increase students’ access to qualified special educators.
几十年来,学区一直依靠无证教师来填补特殊教育的空缺,使残疾学生在没有必要准备的情况下接受个人的教育服务,导致教育机会不公平。许多州都颁发紧急证书,允许无证教师为学生提供指导。我们利用来自州教育机构的教师执照数据来检查中西部一个州的紧急认证特殊教育工作者的准备途径。通过对798名特殊教育工作者的描述性分析,62.5%的特殊教育工作者获得了正式的特殊教育教学执照。传统教育工作者预备课程(50.4%)和替代课程(48.9%)的完成率相当,特殊教育工作者在获得正式执照之前,最常见的是花一年时间获得紧急认证。我们为未来的研究和实践提供了启示,以增加学生获得合格的特殊教育的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Observing Two Reading Intervention Programs for Students with Dyslexia 观察阅读障碍学生的两种阅读干预方案
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-06-27 DOI: 10.1080/09362835.2021.1938067
Colby Hall, Katlynn Dahl‐Leonard, Grace Cannon
ABSTRACT This exploratory study examined the nature of instruction provided in two reading intervention programs designed for elementary-grade students with dyslexia (The Multisensory Teaching Approach and Reading RULES!). In addition to documenting the proportion of time dedicated to particular content components (i.e., letter-name knowledge, phonological awareness, phonics/decoding, encoding, sight word recognition, passage reading/fluency, comprehension, vocabulary), the research team also documented the degree to which instruction (a) included teacher explanation/modeling, guided practice, group practice, and individual practice, (b) addressed particular types of decoding/encoding procedures, including multi-sensory (defined as tactile/kinesthetic) procedures and use of orthographic rules, and (c) made use of given instructional materials. The team conducted 12, ~45-minute observations. There were many similarities between the two programs (e.g., both were explicit, systematic, and sequential; both included curriculum-based measures of student learning that informed instruction; both dedicated approximately equal amounts of time to decoding and encoding instruction). However, our observations indicated a statistically significant difference between the programs (p < .002) in proportion of time dedicated to letter-name knowledge, text reading, and comprehension instruction. The programs also differed in their emphasis on articulating/applying orthographic rules and on particular procedures for decoding and encoding words.
摘要这项探索性研究考察了两个为有阅读障碍的小学学生设计的阅读干预项目(多传感器教学法和阅读规则!)中提供的教学性质。除了记录专用于特定内容组成部分(即字母名称知识、语音意识、语音/解码、编码、视觉单词识别、段落阅读/流利性、理解、词汇)的时间比例外,研究团队还记录了教学(a)包括教师解释/建模、指导实践、集体实践,和个人实践,(b)处理特定类型的解码/编码程序,包括多感官(定义为触觉/动觉)程序和正交规则的使用,以及(c)使用给定的教学材料。研究小组进行了12到45分钟的观察。这两个项目有很多相似之处(例如,两者都是明确的、系统的和顺序的;两者都包括基于课程的学生学习措施,为教学提供信息;两者都为解码和编码教学投入了大致相等的时间)。然而,我们的观察结果表明,在字母名称知识、文本阅读和理解教学的时间比例方面,两个项目之间存在统计学上的显著差异(p<.002)。这些程序在强调发音/应用拼写规则以及解码和编码单词的特定程序方面也有所不同。
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引用次数: 4
Self-Regulated Learners: A Comprehensive, Translational Framework for Students with Learning Disabilities 自律学习者:一个针对学习障碍学生的综合翻译框架
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1080/09362835.2021.1938063
Evelyn S. Johnson, Julianne S. Masser, Lindsey Spears
ABSTRACT Recent advances in the science of learning and development suggest that education reform efforts will require approaches that attend to the needs of the whole student, to include intensive interventions for students who face barriers to learning, such as students with learning and attention disorders. Although the science of learning and development has been informed by research from multiple disciplines, special education teachers will be the primary drivers of this work. As such, they need a framework and tools to guide intervention that relies on the use of individualized, integrated, evidence-based strategies that support the varied self-regulatory challenges of students with learning and attention disorders. To address this need, we drew from both clinical practice and research, to develop a translational framework of self-regulated learning. We discuss how the five competencies of the framework can be used to design and deliver intervention to students with learning disabilities.
摘要学习与发展科学的最新进展表明,教育改革需要关注整个学生的需求,包括对面临学习障碍的学生(如学习障碍和注意力障碍的学生)进行强化干预。尽管学习与发展科学是由多个学科的研究提供信息的,但特殊教育教师将是这项工作的主要驱动力。因此,他们需要一个框架和工具来指导干预,该框架和工具依赖于使用个性化、综合性、循证策略来支持患有学习和注意力障碍的学生的各种自我调节挑战。为了满足这一需求,我们借鉴了临床实践和研究,开发了一个自我调节学习的翻译框架。我们讨论了如何利用该框架的五项能力来设计和为有学习障碍的学生提供干预。
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引用次数: 0
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Exceptionality
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