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Root cause of factors enhancing the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Nigerian informal urban settlements: issues and possible solutions 促进2019年冠状病毒病大流行在尼日利亚非正式城市住区传播的因素的根本原因:问题和可能的解决办法
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2021-04-22 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1917342
Andrew Ebekozien, C. Aigbavboa, Solomon Oisasoje Ayo-Odifiri
ABSTRACT Recent studies showed that physical distancing and proper hygiene measures mitigate the fast spread of COVID-19. But how far the informal urban settlements residents can adhere to these and other measures are yet to receive in-depth studies in Nigeria. Therefore, this study investigated the level of residents’ compliance and proffer possible solutions that will mitigate the pandemic spread. Five cities across Nigeria were engaged as the case study via a phenomenology type of qualitative research. The study combined MAXQDA 2020 with thematic analysis to describe the data. Findings show that majority of the informal urban settlements in Nigeria can enhance the spread of COVID-19. As part of this paper’s implications, findings will strengthen collaboration with relevant stakeholders regarding effective control measures and propose measures possibly to be adopted by other developing countries with similar attributes in the informal urban settlements.
最近的研究表明,保持身体距离和适当的卫生措施可以减缓COVID-19的快速传播。但是,在尼日利亚,非正式城市住区的居民能在多大程度上遵守这些和其他措施还有待深入研究。因此,本研究调查了居民的遵守程度,并提供了可能的解决方案,以减轻大流行的传播。通过现象学类型的定性研究,将尼日利亚的五个城市作为案例研究。该研究将MAXQDA 2020与专题分析相结合来描述数据。调查结果表明,尼日利亚大多数非正式城市住区可能加剧COVID-19的传播。作为本文影响的一部分,研究结果将加强与相关利益攸关方在有效控制措施方面的合作,并提出其他发展中国家在非正式城市住区中可能采取的类似措施。
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引用次数: 7
Experiences of private firms in delivering land services in peri-urban areas in Tanzania 私营公司在坦桑尼亚城郊地区提供土地服务的经验
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2020.1752158
S. Nuhu, W. Kombe
ABSTRACT Demand for land planning and surveying services has increased significantly over the years in Tanzania and as a result, the public sector has not been able to cope. Private firms have therefore emerged to provide land use planning and surveying services for landholders in peri-urban areas, most of whom have accessed land through the informal sector. This paper explores the experiences of private firms in delivering land use planning and surveying services in peri-urban areas of Dar es Salaam City. Using a case study approach involving in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis, the study reveals that private firms face legal, policy and technical obstacles in land service delivery. Despite these challenges, private firms have been instrumental in facilitating the regularisation of informally accessed land. Supportive policies and other institutional reforms are deemed necessary to improve the delivery of land services and strengthen the participation of private firms.
多年来,坦桑尼亚对土地规划和测量服务的需求显著增加,因此,公共部门无法应对。因此出现了私营公司,向城郊地区的土地所有者提供土地使用规划和测量服务,其中大多数人通过非正规部门获得土地。本文探讨了私营公司在达累斯萨拉姆城郊地区提供土地利用规划和测量服务的经验。该研究采用个案研究方法,包括深入访谈、焦点小组讨论和文件分析,揭示了私营公司在提供土地服务方面面临法律、政策和技术障碍。尽管存在这些挑战,私营公司在促进非正规土地的正规化方面发挥了重要作用。支持性政策和其他体制改革被认为是改善提供土地服务和加强私营公司参与的必要条件。
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引用次数: 2
Cross border regional planning: insights from Cascadia 跨边界区域规划:来自卡斯卡迪亚的见解
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2020.1779672
F. Cappellano, Kathrine Richardson, Laurie Trautman
ABSTRACT This analysis focuses on different levels of Cross-Border Regional Planning (CBRP) processes in the Cascadia borderland. The region is home to the business-led initiative ‘Cascadia Innovation Corridor’ (CIC), designed to foster cross-border economic integration. The CIC strives to build a global innovation ecosystem in Cascadia, including a new high-speed train to connect Seattle and Vancouver. This paper focuses on the scope of the CIC as a CBRP case. The authors evaluate engagement of city governments and coherency between different planning scales to determine whether the CIC has been addressing the major challenges that may prevent tighter economicintegration in Cascadia. The analysis deploys secondary data as well as primary data collected through surveys and interviews. The results shed light on a discrepancy between supra-regional ‘soft planning’ and the urban planning level. The authors offer an evidence-based proposal to broaden the scope of the CIC from a CBRP standpoint.
本文分析了卡斯卡迪亚边境地区不同层次的跨境区域规划(CBRP)流程。该地区是企业主导的“卡斯卡迪亚创新走廊”(CIC)倡议的所在地,旨在促进跨境经济一体化。中投公司致力于在卡斯卡迪亚建立一个全球创新生态系统,包括一条连接西雅图和温哥华的新高速列车。本文主要探讨CIC作为CBRP案例的适用范围。作者评估了城市政府的参与和不同规划尺度之间的一致性,以确定CIC是否已经解决了可能阻碍卡斯卡迪亚更紧密的经济一体化的主要挑战。该分析使用了二手数据以及通过调查和访谈收集的原始数据。研究结果揭示了超区域“软规划”与城市规划水平之间的差异。作者提出了一个基于证据的建议,从CBRP的角度来扩大CIC的范围。
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引用次数: 5
Informing future Australian settlement planning through a national-scale suitability analysis 通过全国范围的适宜性分析,为澳大利亚未来的定居规划提供信息
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2021-03-24 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1899903
J. Bolleter, Billy Grace, R. Freestone, Paula Hooper
ABSTRACT Australia’s population is projected to triple by 2101, yet the nation lacks coordinated planning based on systematic regional analysis. This paper documents a novel national-scale suitability analysis of Australia which identifies the most appropriate regions for future urban development. The central research question is ‘Where should Australian federal and state governments encourage urban development to maximise climatic liveability, protect natural and cultural heritage, capitalise on previous infrastructure investments, and maximise economic productivity?’ The results indicate that the south-east and south-west of the country, and Tasmania, are preferred. The federal government is yet to prepare a national settlement strategy and contemplates large scale urban development in areas to which it is not suited. Regional planning decisions not based on comprehensive, evidence-based analysis are likely to incur significant social, economic and environmental costs.
澳大利亚的人口预计到2101年将增加两倍,但该国缺乏基于系统区域分析的协调规划。本文记录了一项新的澳大利亚全国范围的适宜性分析,该分析确定了最适合未来城市发展的地区。研究的核心问题是“澳大利亚联邦政府和州政府应该在哪里鼓励城市发展,以最大限度地提高气候宜居性,保护自然和文化遗产,利用以前的基础设施投资,并最大限度地提高经济生产力?”“研究结果表明,澳大利亚东南部和西南部以及塔斯马尼亚州更受欢迎。”联邦政府还没有制定全国性的定居战略,正在考虑在不适合的地区进行大规模的城市开发。区域规划决策不以全面的、基于证据的分析为基础,可能会产生重大的社会、经济和环境成本。
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引用次数: 3
Urban informality and parallel governance systems: shaping citizens’ engagements in urban planning processes in Bangladesh 城市非正规性和平行治理系统:塑造孟加拉国公民参与城市规划过程
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2021-03-14 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1899902
M. Swapan, Shahed Khan
ABSTRACT Informality within the urban planning practice in developing countries is no longer synonymous to the prevalence of urban poverty but rather also associated with various forms of power and wealth accumulation. This paper uncovers how informality and resulting parallel governance systems discourage community participation in local development. It describes the role of informality in three areas of local planning in Dhaka megacity, viz. urban service delivery, strategic planning and urban development. Reporting from a variety of sources, we contend that privileged citizens are likely to disregard the formal planning system and where it serves their interest, they resort to the parallel system to circumvent regulatory controls. The situation is further aggravated because the existence of parallel systems discourages the urban poor to participate in formal planning processes. Some lose their trust in the government and avoid participation altogether, while others seek informal access to it through middlemen for favourable outcomes.
发展中国家城市规划实践中的非正规性不再是城市贫困普遍存在的同义词,而是与各种形式的权力和财富积累有关。本文揭示了非正规性和由此产生的平行治理系统如何阻碍社区参与地方发展。它描述了非正规性在达卡特大城市地方规划的三个领域中的作用,即城市服务提供、战略规划和城市发展。根据各种来源的报道,我们认为,享有特权的公民可能会无视正式的规划系统,在符合他们利益的地方,他们会求助于平行系统来规避监管。这种情况进一步恶化,因为平行系统的存在阻碍了城市穷人参与正式规划进程。一些人失去了对政府的信任,完全避免参与,而另一些人则通过中间商寻求非正式渠道,以获得有利的结果。
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引用次数: 3
Self-organized initiatives: a planners’ subversive tool for fragmented urban spaces 自组织倡议:规划者为碎片化城市空间提供的颠覆性工具
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1883419
I. Pessoa
ABSTRACT This article investigates whether self-organized initiatives are able to undermine the underlying dynamics of spatial fragmentation in Brazilian metropolises by promoting social connections between groups that are extremely diverse. Since self-organized initiatives not only promote spatial connections but also social connections between different groups, the central question here is: To what extent can self-organized initiatives promote social connection in the public spaces of highly fragmented and unequal urban contexts? The analysis was based on data collected from 22 in-depth interviews with members of self-organized initiatives, experts as well as field observations during some actions of the initiatives. The interviews were conducted in Brasília, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo during two months of fieldwork. The results show that the self-organized initiatives studied were capable to mitigate conflicts and to create social connections. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how strong and long-lasting these social connections are.
摘要本文调查了自组织举措是否能够通过促进极其多样化的群体之间的社会联系来破坏巴西大都市空间碎片化的潜在动力。由于自组织举措不仅促进了不同群体之间的空间联系,还促进了社会联系,这里的核心问题是:在高度分散和不平等的城市环境中,自组织举措在多大程度上能促进公共空间的社会联系?该分析基于对自组织倡议成员、专家的22次深入访谈收集的数据,以及在倡议的一些行动期间的实地观察。在为期两个月的实地调查中,访谈在巴西利亚、里约热内卢和圣保罗进行。结果表明,所研究的自组织举措能够缓解冲突并建立社会联系。然而,目前尚不清楚这些社会关系有多牢固和持久。
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引用次数: 1
Waste management: new policies for EU port cities 废物管理:欧盟港口城市的新政策
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1883421
I. Spadaro, F. Pirlone, S. Candia
ABSTRACT The article aims to draw attention to the emergent issue of waste management by highlighting the importance of having new sustainable policies for port cities. The European Union considers two distinct levels of waste management: one relating to port areas and the other specific to the urban context. However, in port cities, the port and the city interact in many ways, and one is essential for the other. The authors stress the importance of developing a single sustainable waste management plan that considers at the same time the city and its port. This is because port waste has negative effects on coastal communities and vice versa, urban waste is contaminating the oceans. After careful study of the European legislation on waste management in urban and port areas, the authors defined how to implement a Sustainable Waste Management Plan for port cities. Case study is the port city of Savona.
摘要本文旨在通过强调港口城市制定新的可持续政策的重要性,引起人们对废物管理这一新兴问题的关注。欧洲联盟考虑了两个不同级别的废物管理:一个与港口地区有关,另一个与城市环境有关。然而,在港口城市中,港口和城市以多种方式相互作用,其中一种方式对另一种方式至关重要。作者强调了制定一个单一的可持续废物管理计划的重要性,该计划同时考虑城市及其港口。这是因为港口废物对沿海社区有负面影响,反之亦然,城市废物正在污染海洋。在仔细研究了欧洲关于城市和港口地区废物管理的立法后,作者确定了如何在港口城市实施可持续废物管理计划。案例研究是港口城市萨沃纳。
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引用次数: 4
What to do with the chiefs? Revisiting the historical shifts and continuities of rural land administration and tenure systems in the former Transkei of the Eastern Cape, South Africa 酋长们怎么办?回顾南非东开普省前特兰斯凯地区农村土地管理和权属制度的历史变迁和连续性
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1883420
T. Winkler
ABSTRACT At least seventeen million South Africans live on ‘communal’ landholdings that are held in trust by the state under the custodianship of traditional leaders. Yet, traditional leaders’ land administration powers are undetermined, thereby impeding planning efforts and infrastructure provisions in South Africa’s rural regions. The aim of this article is to revisit the historical shifts and continuities pertaining to rural land administration and tenure systems during successive regimes by focusing on ‘communal’ landholdings in the former Transkei. In so doing it becomes clear how rural regions remain victims of colonial and apartheid land laws despite a quarter of a century of policy redress. Arguably, until decisive answers are established regarding traditional leaders’ land administration powers, residents will continue to live without municipal services and economic opportunities. Similar realities are also found across sub-Saharan Africa. Lessons from the former Transkei might then be relevant elsewhere despite situated differences.
至少有1700万南非人生活在“公有”土地上,这些土地由国家托管,由传统领袖保管。然而,传统领导人的土地管理权力是不确定的,从而阻碍了南非农村地区的规划工作和基础设施的提供。本文的目的是通过关注前特兰斯凯地区的“公共”土地所有权,重新审视历代政权期间与农村土地管理和权属制度有关的历史转变和连续性。在这样做的过程中,可以清楚地看到,尽管经过了四分之一个世纪的政策补救,农村地区仍然是殖民主义和种族隔离土地法的受害者。可以说,在传统领导人的土地管理权得到明确答案之前,居民将继续生活在没有市政服务和经济机会的环境中。撒哈拉以南非洲地区也存在类似的现实。从前特兰斯凯地区吸取的教训可能会适用于其他地区,尽管它们处于不同的位置。
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引用次数: 2
Politics, planning, and ruling: the art of taming public participation 政治、计划和统治:驯服公众参与的艺术
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1883422
John Pløger
ABSTRACT Public participation is still a democratic challenge to city and municipal governments. Numerous studies have suggested experiments on participative processes, and conflictual consensus is seen as the best outcome of planning’s politicization, it is fair to ask if this is not accepting planning’s position as depoliticizing public participation. This article studies the governmentality around public participation formed by law and institutional regimes on participation and democracy, and how a dispositif ensemble is forming and framing the structure and content of the public participation process.
公众参与仍然是城市和市政府面临的民主挑战。许多研究建议对参与过程进行实验,而冲突共识被视为规划政治化的最佳结果,这是否不接受规划作为非政治化公众参与的立场?本文研究了法律与参与与民主的制度机制所形成的围绕公众参与的治理,以及一个配置集合是如何形成和框架公众参与过程的结构和内容的。
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引用次数: 10
Temporary urbanism as a new policy strategy: a contemporary panacea or a trojan horse? 临时城市化作为一种新的政策策略:是当代的灵丹妙药还是特洛伊木马?
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1882963
Francesca Bragaglia, Cristiana Rossignolo
ABSTRACT Over the last two decades, temporary uses of space are spreading in Europe as a new policy tool to recover vacant areas. The theoretical debate is divided between the promoters of these new forms of tailor-made urbanism and the detractors, who argue that temporary urbanism is increasingly subject to profit logic as an urban policy strategy. Through two French case studies (The ‘Grands Voisins’ in Paris and the ‘Transfer Project’ in Nantes), the article discusses the characteristics of temporary urban planning and its intrinsic tension between a contemporary panacea and a trojan horse. Can the ‘temporary city’ be a partial response to the issues of social inclusion, housing, and equal accessibility to spaces and amenities, which the contemporary city seems to fail in? Or is temporary urbanism just an alibi for administrations and local leaders to continue perpetrating neoliberal policies?
摘要在过去的二十年里,临时使用空间作为一种新的政策工具正在欧洲蔓延,以恢复空置地区。理论上的争论分为这些新形式的量身定制的城市化的推动者和批评者,他们认为临时城市化作为一种城市政策策略越来越受制于利润逻辑。本文通过两个法国案例(巴黎的“Grands Voisins”和南特的“转移工程”),探讨了临时城市规划的特点及其在当代灵丹妙药和特洛伊木马之间的内在张力。“临时城市”能否部分回应社会包容、住房以及平等获得空间和便利设施的问题,而当代城市似乎未能做到这一点?或者,暂时的城市化只是政府和地方领导人继续推行新自由主义政策的借口吗?
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引用次数: 14
期刊
International Planning Studies
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