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Self-organized initiatives: a planners’ subversive tool for fragmented urban spaces 自组织倡议:规划者为碎片化城市空间提供的颠覆性工具
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1883419
I. Pessoa
ABSTRACT This article investigates whether self-organized initiatives are able to undermine the underlying dynamics of spatial fragmentation in Brazilian metropolises by promoting social connections between groups that are extremely diverse. Since self-organized initiatives not only promote spatial connections but also social connections between different groups, the central question here is: To what extent can self-organized initiatives promote social connection in the public spaces of highly fragmented and unequal urban contexts? The analysis was based on data collected from 22 in-depth interviews with members of self-organized initiatives, experts as well as field observations during some actions of the initiatives. The interviews were conducted in Brasília, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo during two months of fieldwork. The results show that the self-organized initiatives studied were capable to mitigate conflicts and to create social connections. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how strong and long-lasting these social connections are.
摘要本文调查了自组织举措是否能够通过促进极其多样化的群体之间的社会联系来破坏巴西大都市空间碎片化的潜在动力。由于自组织举措不仅促进了不同群体之间的空间联系,还促进了社会联系,这里的核心问题是:在高度分散和不平等的城市环境中,自组织举措在多大程度上能促进公共空间的社会联系?该分析基于对自组织倡议成员、专家的22次深入访谈收集的数据,以及在倡议的一些行动期间的实地观察。在为期两个月的实地调查中,访谈在巴西利亚、里约热内卢和圣保罗进行。结果表明,所研究的自组织举措能够缓解冲突并建立社会联系。然而,目前尚不清楚这些社会关系有多牢固和持久。
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引用次数: 1
Waste management: new policies for EU port cities 废物管理:欧盟港口城市的新政策
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1883421
I. Spadaro, F. Pirlone, S. Candia
ABSTRACT The article aims to draw attention to the emergent issue of waste management by highlighting the importance of having new sustainable policies for port cities. The European Union considers two distinct levels of waste management: one relating to port areas and the other specific to the urban context. However, in port cities, the port and the city interact in many ways, and one is essential for the other. The authors stress the importance of developing a single sustainable waste management plan that considers at the same time the city and its port. This is because port waste has negative effects on coastal communities and vice versa, urban waste is contaminating the oceans. After careful study of the European legislation on waste management in urban and port areas, the authors defined how to implement a Sustainable Waste Management Plan for port cities. Case study is the port city of Savona.
摘要本文旨在通过强调港口城市制定新的可持续政策的重要性,引起人们对废物管理这一新兴问题的关注。欧洲联盟考虑了两个不同级别的废物管理:一个与港口地区有关,另一个与城市环境有关。然而,在港口城市中,港口和城市以多种方式相互作用,其中一种方式对另一种方式至关重要。作者强调了制定一个单一的可持续废物管理计划的重要性,该计划同时考虑城市及其港口。这是因为港口废物对沿海社区有负面影响,反之亦然,城市废物正在污染海洋。在仔细研究了欧洲关于城市和港口地区废物管理的立法后,作者确定了如何在港口城市实施可持续废物管理计划。案例研究是港口城市萨沃纳。
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引用次数: 4
What to do with the chiefs? Revisiting the historical shifts and continuities of rural land administration and tenure systems in the former Transkei of the Eastern Cape, South Africa 酋长们怎么办?回顾南非东开普省前特兰斯凯地区农村土地管理和权属制度的历史变迁和连续性
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1883420
T. Winkler
ABSTRACT At least seventeen million South Africans live on ‘communal’ landholdings that are held in trust by the state under the custodianship of traditional leaders. Yet, traditional leaders’ land administration powers are undetermined, thereby impeding planning efforts and infrastructure provisions in South Africa’s rural regions. The aim of this article is to revisit the historical shifts and continuities pertaining to rural land administration and tenure systems during successive regimes by focusing on ‘communal’ landholdings in the former Transkei. In so doing it becomes clear how rural regions remain victims of colonial and apartheid land laws despite a quarter of a century of policy redress. Arguably, until decisive answers are established regarding traditional leaders’ land administration powers, residents will continue to live without municipal services and economic opportunities. Similar realities are also found across sub-Saharan Africa. Lessons from the former Transkei might then be relevant elsewhere despite situated differences.
至少有1700万南非人生活在“公有”土地上,这些土地由国家托管,由传统领袖保管。然而,传统领导人的土地管理权力是不确定的,从而阻碍了南非农村地区的规划工作和基础设施的提供。本文的目的是通过关注前特兰斯凯地区的“公共”土地所有权,重新审视历代政权期间与农村土地管理和权属制度有关的历史转变和连续性。在这样做的过程中,可以清楚地看到,尽管经过了四分之一个世纪的政策补救,农村地区仍然是殖民主义和种族隔离土地法的受害者。可以说,在传统领导人的土地管理权得到明确答案之前,居民将继续生活在没有市政服务和经济机会的环境中。撒哈拉以南非洲地区也存在类似的现实。从前特兰斯凯地区吸取的教训可能会适用于其他地区,尽管它们处于不同的位置。
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引用次数: 2
Politics, planning, and ruling: the art of taming public participation 政治、计划和统治:驯服公众参与的艺术
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1883422
John Pløger
ABSTRACT Public participation is still a democratic challenge to city and municipal governments. Numerous studies have suggested experiments on participative processes, and conflictual consensus is seen as the best outcome of planning’s politicization, it is fair to ask if this is not accepting planning’s position as depoliticizing public participation. This article studies the governmentality around public participation formed by law and institutional regimes on participation and democracy, and how a dispositif ensemble is forming and framing the structure and content of the public participation process.
公众参与仍然是城市和市政府面临的民主挑战。许多研究建议对参与过程进行实验,而冲突共识被视为规划政治化的最佳结果,这是否不接受规划作为非政治化公众参与的立场?本文研究了法律与参与与民主的制度机制所形成的围绕公众参与的治理,以及一个配置集合是如何形成和框架公众参与过程的结构和内容的。
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引用次数: 10
Temporary urbanism as a new policy strategy: a contemporary panacea or a trojan horse? 临时城市化作为一种新的政策策略:是当代的灵丹妙药还是特洛伊木马?
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1882963
Francesca Bragaglia, Cristiana Rossignolo
ABSTRACT Over the last two decades, temporary uses of space are spreading in Europe as a new policy tool to recover vacant areas. The theoretical debate is divided between the promoters of these new forms of tailor-made urbanism and the detractors, who argue that temporary urbanism is increasingly subject to profit logic as an urban policy strategy. Through two French case studies (The ‘Grands Voisins’ in Paris and the ‘Transfer Project’ in Nantes), the article discusses the characteristics of temporary urban planning and its intrinsic tension between a contemporary panacea and a trojan horse. Can the ‘temporary city’ be a partial response to the issues of social inclusion, housing, and equal accessibility to spaces and amenities, which the contemporary city seems to fail in? Or is temporary urbanism just an alibi for administrations and local leaders to continue perpetrating neoliberal policies?
摘要在过去的二十年里,临时使用空间作为一种新的政策工具正在欧洲蔓延,以恢复空置地区。理论上的争论分为这些新形式的量身定制的城市化的推动者和批评者,他们认为临时城市化作为一种城市政策策略越来越受制于利润逻辑。本文通过两个法国案例(巴黎的“Grands Voisins”和南特的“转移工程”),探讨了临时城市规划的特点及其在当代灵丹妙药和特洛伊木马之间的内在张力。“临时城市”能否部分回应社会包容、住房以及平等获得空间和便利设施的问题,而当代城市似乎未能做到这一点?或者,暂时的城市化只是政府和地方领导人继续推行新自由主义政策的借口吗?
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引用次数: 14
Planning sustainable urban-industrial configurations: relations among industrial complexes and the centralities of a regional continuum 规划可持续的城市产业结构:产业综合体和区域连续体中心之间的关系
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2021.1875810
D. Altafini, A. Braga, V. Cutini
ABSTRACT Production models’ flexibilization in capitalist economies continues to transform industrial activities’ spatial organization in a regional continuum. Placed in planned complexes located on cities’ fringes, firms often stand inaccessible from regional circulation routes, which hinder activities’ long-term economic sustainability. Further changes are impending, as forthcoming Smart Manufacturing logistics require efficient linkages between local and regional transportation models. Such issues compel urban planners, economists and policymakers to re-evaluate industrial territories’ imprint on metropolitan dynamics and enact proper strategies towards the industry. In this paper, the role of road-circulation network centralities on industrial complexes’ placement in a regional continuum is analysed, refining the existent methods to assess industry spatial configuration and agglomeration logics. Empirical cases comprise five Brazilian industrial complexes in Porto Alegre’s Metropolitan Region. Hypothesis is that road-circulation network centralities’ hierarchies (closeness and betweenness) have positive correlations to industrial placement patterns at regional and inner-complex scale, informing regional contiguity dynamics amid discontinuous industrial spaces.
资本主义经济中生产模式的灵活性继续改变着区域连续体中工业活动的空间组织。公司位于城市边缘的规划综合体中,通常无法通过区域流通路线进入,这阻碍了活动的长期经济可持续性。随着即将到来的智能制造物流需要地方和区域运输模式之间的有效联系,进一步的变化迫在眉睫。这些问题迫使城市规划者、经济学家和政策制定者重新评估工业区对大都市动态的影响,并制定适当的工业战略。本文分析了道路流通网络中心对工业综合体在区域连续体中布局的作用,完善了现有的评估工业空间配置和集聚逻辑的方法。经验案例包括阿雷格里港大都会区的五个巴西工业综合体。假设道路流通网络中心性的层次(紧密性和中间性)与区域和内部复杂规模的产业布局模式呈正相关,为不连续产业空间中的区域邻接动态提供信息。
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引用次数: 3
The Socio-politics of the urbanization - transportation nexus: infrastructural projects in the department of Antioquia in Colombia through the lens of technological politics and institutional dynamics 城市化-交通关系的社会政治:通过技术政治和体制动态的镜头在哥伦比亚安蒂奥基亚省的基础设施项目
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2020.1850238
Maritza Toro López, J. Scheers, P. van den Broeck
ABSTRACT Development of transportation infrastructure has long been seen as a fundamental tool in shaping cities, and vice versa. However, moving beyond the discussion on the causalities of transportation infrastructure and urbanization, various authors have criticized infrastructural projects for promoting injustice and reinforcing social and spatial polarization by supporting profit-oriented developments. Contributing to this line of thought, this study examines the wider Socio-politics of the transportation – urbanization nexus in infrastructural projects associated with urban development in the department of Antioquia in Colombia. It focuses on the relationships between these projects and urban development approaches and policies, addressing the socio-political benefits and profit-oriented interests of hegemonic groups, and how infrastructures embody specific forms of power and authority of these groups. The analysis mobilizes a combination of the theory of technological politics and a strategic-relational institutionalist approach, which draws attention to the momentum of large-scale sociotechnical systems, and to the response of modern societies to specific technological imperatives.
长期以来,交通基础设施的发展一直被视为塑造城市的基本工具,反之亦然。然而,除了讨论交通基础设施和城市化的因果关系之外,许多作者批评基础设施项目通过支持以利润为导向的发展,促进了不公正,加剧了社会和空间的两极分化。为了促进这一思路,本研究考察了哥伦比亚安蒂奥基亚省与城市发展相关的基础设施项目中交通-城市化关系的更广泛的社会政治。它侧重于这些项目与城市发展方法和政策之间的关系,解决霸权集团的社会政治利益和利润导向的利益,以及基础设施如何体现这些集团的特定形式的权力和权威。该分析动员了技术政治理论和战略关系制度主义方法的结合,将注意力集中在大规模社会技术系统的势头上,以及现代社会对具体技术要求的反应上。
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引用次数: 5
Post-conflict reconstruction and the decline of urban vitality in Downtown Beirut 冲突后重建与贝鲁特市中心城市活力的衰退
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2020.1839388
Allam Alkazei, Kosuke Matsubara
ABSTRACT After becoming a no-man’s land during the civil war, Downtown Beirut underwent major reconstruction efforts to return what was lost of its vibrant character. Reconstruction was specifically organized as a flagship designed to reclaim Beirut’s status within the region. However, the environment has recently stagnated, with fewer visitors making their way to the downtown area. These circumstances are amplified by local instability and other related issues. As such, this study clarified the connection between reconstruction planning and the decline of urban vitality in Downtown Beirut by focusing on its historical centre. Based on analyses of planning documents, field observations, and interview surveys, this study specifically argues that neoliberalism and affiliated planning policies were associated with the aforementioned decline. This article first chronicles the planning development process and discusses the fluctuating state of vitality, then identifies the neoliberal policies involved in reconstruction and outlines their connection to the currently stagnated environment.
摘要在内战期间成为无人区后,贝鲁特市中心进行了大规模重建,以恢复失去的活力。重建是专门作为旗舰组织的,旨在恢复贝鲁特在该地区的地位。然而,环境最近停滞不前,前往市中心的游客越来越少。当地不稳定和其他相关问题加剧了这些情况。因此,本研究通过关注贝鲁特市中心的历史中心,阐明了重建规划与城市活力下降之间的联系。基于对规划文件、实地观察和访谈调查的分析,本研究特别指出,新自由主义和附属规划政策与上述衰退有关。本文首先记录了规划发展过程,讨论了活力的波动状态,然后确定了重建中涉及的新自由主义政策,并概述了它们与当前停滞的环境的联系。
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引用次数: 4
Ideology in practice: the career of sustainability as an ideological concept in strategic urban planning 实践中的意识形态:可持续发展在战略性城市规划中的思想理念
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2020.1839390
J. Metzger, P. Allmendinger, M. Kornberger
ABSTRACT This paper presents an approach for analysing ideology dynamics in strategic urban planning based on post-foundational political theory. Drawing on empirical material of strategic planners discussing their usage of the concept of sustainability it is suggested that although planners generally consider themselves to be pragmatic problem-solvers, it is exactly in their efforts to ‘get things done’ that they become deeply embroiled in the social dynamics of ideology. The reason for this is that planners are forced to employ ideologically charged concepts to bring together the disparate coalitions of actors that are needed for generating any form of policy traction in fractured governance landscapes. However, the ideological utilization of a concept contributes not only to the reproduction of hegemonic relations but also to a consequent hollowing out of the concept whereby its meaning becomes increasingly diluted, leading to its eventual demise and replacement.
摘要本文提出了一种基于后基础政治理论的城市战略规划意识形态动态分析方法。根据战略规划者讨论其使用可持续性概念的经验材料,建议尽管规划者通常认为自己是务实的问题解决者,但正是在他们努力“完成事情”的过程中,他们深深地卷入了意识形态的社会动态。这样做的原因是,规划者被迫采用充满意识形态色彩的概念,将不同的行动者联盟聚集在一起,这些行动者联盟是在支离破碎的治理格局中产生任何形式的政策牵引力所必需的。然而,对一个概念的意识形态利用不仅有助于霸权关系的再生产,而且还会导致概念的空心化,从而使其意义日益淡化,导致其最终消亡和取代。
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引用次数: 6
Peri-urbanization in Sacaba, Bolivia: challenges to the traditional urban planning approach 玻利维亚萨卡巴的边缘城市化:对传统城市规划方法的挑战
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-28 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2020.1839389
Paola J. Ledo Espinoza
ABSTRACT In Bolivia, as in many cities of the Global South, rapid and unplanned urban growth expanded widely into peri-urban areas with high levels of poverty and vulnerability. However, the public administration do not acknowledge the peri-urban areas in policies and planning. Moreover, the peri-urban complex realities exceeded local planners capacity to cope with them. This paper examines the challenges that peri-urban areas pose to urban planning in Sacaba, Bolivia. The methodology includes questionnaire surveys, interviews and workshops with actors in peri-urban areas. Findings reveal that peri-urban areas appeal to be formally recognized in urban planning at the same time that traditional urban planning need to readjust its approach to fit the reality of the cities in the Global South.
摘要在玻利维亚,与全球南方的许多城市一样,快速和无计划的城市增长广泛扩展到贫困和脆弱程度较高的城市周边地区。然而,公共行政部门在政策和规划中并不承认城市周边地区。此外,城市周边复杂的现实情况超出了当地规划者的能力。本文探讨了玻利维亚萨卡巴城市周边地区对城市规划提出的挑战。该方法包括对城市周边地区的行动者进行问卷调查、访谈和讲习班。研究结果表明,城市规划中需要正式承认城市周边地区,同时传统的城市规划需要重新调整其方法,以适应全球南方城市的现实。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
International Planning Studies
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