Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1701422
Simone Tulumello, G. Cotella, Frank Othengrafen
ABSTRACT This article examines how spatial planning systems have changed in Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece in times of economic recession and austerity politics, in amid pressures of external actors, and local conditions and traditions. We analyse the round of reforms of spatial planning and territorial governance implemented by national governments under pressures by European institutions, as well as local responses to them. On the one hand, we highlight how European institutions have used the conditionalities attached to bailout packages and other instrument of pressure to frame what can be considered an implicit Southern European spatial planning policy developed by the European Union. On the other, we suggest that Southern European planning amid crisis and austerity should be understood, together, as field that problematizes the idea of Europeanization of planning; a space used as ‘prototype’ for new rounds of neoliberalization; and a political space that continuously develops through top-down/bottom-up dialectic conflicts.
{"title":"Spatial planning and territorial governance in Southern Europe between economic crisis and austerity policies","authors":"Simone Tulumello, G. Cotella, Frank Othengrafen","doi":"10.1080/13563475.2019.1701422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1701422","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines how spatial planning systems have changed in Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece in times of economic recession and austerity politics, in amid pressures of external actors, and local conditions and traditions. We analyse the round of reforms of spatial planning and territorial governance implemented by national governments under pressures by European institutions, as well as local responses to them. On the one hand, we highlight how European institutions have used the conditionalities attached to bailout packages and other instrument of pressure to frame what can be considered an implicit Southern European spatial planning policy developed by the European Union. On the other, we suggest that Southern European planning amid crisis and austerity should be understood, together, as field that problematizes the idea of Europeanization of planning; a space used as ‘prototype’ for new rounds of neoliberalization; and a political space that continuously develops through top-down/bottom-up dialectic conflicts.","PeriodicalId":46688,"journal":{"name":"International Planning Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13563475.2019.1701422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44325855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1701423
Arturo Di Bella
ABSTRACT Putting Milton Santos’ theorisations in conversation with post-colonial conceptualization of global urbanism, the paper discusses the legacy of mega-events planning in Rio de Janeiro in times of austerity, through the prism of the nexus between globalization and urbanism. Three main interrelated dimensions of the Carioca global urbanism and of the clash between global aspirations and local realities are highlighted and discussed in order to challenge dominant conceptualization of both mega-events planning and austerity urbanism: a) the mobilization of an ensemble of high-tech fantasies as globalist imaginaries of urban planning; b) a complex reconfiguration of the core–periphery geographies of knowledge as a key trait of a perverse globalization; (c) a multitude of discourses and practices of insurgent urbanism as a source of radical imagination against the imperatives of austerity.
{"title":"Global urbanism and mega events planning in Rio de Janeiro amid crisis and austerity","authors":"Arturo Di Bella","doi":"10.1080/13563475.2019.1701423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1701423","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Putting Milton Santos’ theorisations in conversation with post-colonial conceptualization of global urbanism, the paper discusses the legacy of mega-events planning in Rio de Janeiro in times of austerity, through the prism of the nexus between globalization and urbanism. Three main interrelated dimensions of the Carioca global urbanism and of the clash between global aspirations and local realities are highlighted and discussed in order to challenge dominant conceptualization of both mega-events planning and austerity urbanism: a) the mobilization of an ensemble of high-tech fantasies as globalist imaginaries of urban planning; b) a complex reconfiguration of the core–periphery geographies of knowledge as a key trait of a perverse globalization; (c) a multitude of discourses and practices of insurgent urbanism as a source of radical imagination against the imperatives of austerity.","PeriodicalId":46688,"journal":{"name":"International Planning Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13563475.2019.1701423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45734402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1703653
Laura Saija, C. Santo, Antonio Raciti
ABSTRACT US cities operate amid a longstanding notion that excessive government impedes prosperity. Here post–recession austerity did not trigger new retrenchment, but instead exacerbated an existing vacuum of the public. In cities like Memphis, institutional or community–led planning cannot confront austerity by going back to something it was before the recession. Instead, genuine public planning must be invented ex novo, exploring why planning agencies have not truly been able to act for the benefit of all. The recent launch of Memphis' first city–led comprehensive planning effort in decades provides an opportunity for reflection. This article examines whether a new emphasis on planning in Memphis represents a positive disruption of the status quo or a merely a disguised continuation of growth–machine motives. The findings argue for the need to work on the small signs of authentic interest in public planning as a starting point for new anti–austere courses of action.
{"title":"The deep roots of austere planning in Memphis, TN: is the fox guarding the hen house?","authors":"Laura Saija, C. Santo, Antonio Raciti","doi":"10.1080/13563475.2019.1703653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1703653","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT US cities operate amid a longstanding notion that excessive government impedes prosperity. Here post–recession austerity did not trigger new retrenchment, but instead exacerbated an existing vacuum of the public. In cities like Memphis, institutional or community–led planning cannot confront austerity by going back to something it was before the recession. Instead, genuine public planning must be invented ex novo, exploring why planning agencies have not truly been able to act for the benefit of all. The recent launch of Memphis' first city–led comprehensive planning effort in decades provides an opportunity for reflection. This article examines whether a new emphasis on planning in Memphis represents a positive disruption of the status quo or a merely a disguised continuation of growth–machine motives. The findings argue for the need to work on the small signs of authentic interest in public planning as a starting point for new anti–austere courses of action.","PeriodicalId":46688,"journal":{"name":"International Planning Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13563475.2019.1703653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48586619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1703655
W. Goldsmith
ABSTRACT Austerity is a common method by which capitalists and governments discipline cities. Cities, neighbourhood residents, and social movements often resist.
紧缩是资本家和政府管制城市的常用手段。城市、社区居民和社会运动经常抵制。
{"title":"Urban planning, austerity, and resistance","authors":"W. Goldsmith","doi":"10.1080/13563475.2019.1703655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1703655","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Austerity is a common method by which capitalists and governments discipline cities. Cities, neighbourhood residents, and social movements often resist.","PeriodicalId":46688,"journal":{"name":"International Planning Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13563475.2019.1703655","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42093608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1705150
Monia Cappuccini
ABSTRACT This article offers a depiction of Athens focused on the consequences that the initial round of Memoranda measures (2012–2015) produced on its urban space. On a theoretical level, a strategic function of the Greek capital is posited, seeing it as an urban laboratory for testing debt policies; accordingly, the primary focus is on the neoliberal agenda set in motion there, mainly consisting of the combination of privatization programmes and the securitization of urban space. Consequently, some of the emerging critical issues – i.e. Rethink Athens and the cases of the Akadimia Platonos, Ellinikò and Aghios Panteleimonas neighbourhoods, alongside the most relevant bio-political tactics of social control - are encapsulated within a specific model of governance, named auste-city and specifically targeted at normalizing the ‘extraordinary’ state of economic crisis into an ultimate rule. The conclusion is that austerity is currently disclosing an opportunity for neoliberal forces to reorganize their own dominion.
{"title":"The auste-city model and bio-political strategies: re-visiting the urban space of Athens (Greece) during the crisis","authors":"Monia Cappuccini","doi":"10.1080/13563475.2019.1705150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1705150","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article offers a depiction of Athens focused on the consequences that the initial round of Memoranda measures (2012–2015) produced on its urban space. On a theoretical level, a strategic function of the Greek capital is posited, seeing it as an urban laboratory for testing debt policies; accordingly, the primary focus is on the neoliberal agenda set in motion there, mainly consisting of the combination of privatization programmes and the securitization of urban space. Consequently, some of the emerging critical issues – i.e. Rethink Athens and the cases of the Akadimia Platonos, Ellinikò and Aghios Panteleimonas neighbourhoods, alongside the most relevant bio-political tactics of social control - are encapsulated within a specific model of governance, named auste-city and specifically targeted at normalizing the ‘extraordinary’ state of economic crisis into an ultimate rule. The conclusion is that austerity is currently disclosing an opportunity for neoliberal forces to reorganize their own dominion.","PeriodicalId":46688,"journal":{"name":"International Planning Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13563475.2019.1705150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43483610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1704404
Simone Tulumello, Laura Saija, A. Inch
ABSTRACT This article introduces the special issue ‘Planning amid crisis and austerity: in, against and beyond the contemporary juncture’. It starts by acknowledging two limits of the existing body of literature on the planning/crisis/austerity nexus: on the one hand, the excessive reliance on cases at the ‘core’ of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, with impacts on the understanding of austerity as a response to economic crises; and, on the other, the limited attention given to the impacts of austerity on planning, and their implications for planning practice and research. Based on the contributions in the special issue, the article reflects on some lessons learned: first, the need for a more nuanced understanding of the multiple geographies and temporalities of crisis and austerity; second, the problematic standing of planning practice and research in the face of crisis and austerity; and, third, the potential and limitations of (local) responses and grassroots mobilizations in shaping alternatives.
{"title":"Planning amid crisis and austerity: in, against and beyond the contemporary conjuncture","authors":"Simone Tulumello, Laura Saija, A. Inch","doi":"10.1080/13563475.2019.1704404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1704404","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article introduces the special issue ‘Planning amid crisis and austerity: in, against and beyond the contemporary juncture’. It starts by acknowledging two limits of the existing body of literature on the planning/crisis/austerity nexus: on the one hand, the excessive reliance on cases at the ‘core’ of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, with impacts on the understanding of austerity as a response to economic crises; and, on the other, the limited attention given to the impacts of austerity on planning, and their implications for planning practice and research. Based on the contributions in the special issue, the article reflects on some lessons learned: first, the need for a more nuanced understanding of the multiple geographies and temporalities of crisis and austerity; second, the problematic standing of planning practice and research in the face of crisis and austerity; and, third, the potential and limitations of (local) responses and grassroots mobilizations in shaping alternatives.","PeriodicalId":46688,"journal":{"name":"International Planning Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13563475.2019.1704404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49403758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1701424
Luisa Rossini, I. Bianchi
ABSTRACT In Berlin, Rome and Barcelona, three cities affected on different levels by the most recent wave of neoliberalisation and the global crisis, a rekindled interest in the strategies for the (re)appropriation of urban space has emerged among urban activists, as a way of resisting and challenging competitive oriented policies and austerity urbanism. The following three cases are hereby analysed in detail: the Flughafen (airport) Tempelhof in Berlin; the former Snia factory in Rome; the Can Batlló old industrial complex in Barcelona. The practices of resistance that have played out over these contended vacant public spaces have emphasized the limits of the current urban ideology in proposing alternative ways of doing things. Embodying the growing mistrust towards policy-makers and the intentions of institutional actors, these contentious urban practices have aimed to (re)politicise urban policies, planning and theoretical debates but face complex issues of institutionalisation that can co-opt and neutralize radical claims.
{"title":"Negotiating (re)appropriation practices amid crisis and austerity","authors":"Luisa Rossini, I. Bianchi","doi":"10.1080/13563475.2019.1701424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1701424","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Berlin, Rome and Barcelona, three cities affected on different levels by the most recent wave of neoliberalisation and the global crisis, a rekindled interest in the strategies for the (re)appropriation of urban space has emerged among urban activists, as a way of resisting and challenging competitive oriented policies and austerity urbanism. The following three cases are hereby analysed in detail: the Flughafen (airport) Tempelhof in Berlin; the former Snia factory in Rome; the Can Batlló old industrial complex in Barcelona. The practices of resistance that have played out over these contended vacant public spaces have emphasized the limits of the current urban ideology in proposing alternative ways of doing things. Embodying the growing mistrust towards policy-makers and the intentions of institutional actors, these contentious urban practices have aimed to (re)politicise urban policies, planning and theoretical debates but face complex issues of institutionalisation that can co-opt and neutralize radical claims.","PeriodicalId":46688,"journal":{"name":"International Planning Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13563475.2019.1701424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49513307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-19DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1703654
Vanessa Melo, Paul Jenkins
ABSTRACT This paper explores recent urban planning praxis in the metropolitan area of Maputo, capital of Mozambique – occurring in a context of high socio-spatial imbalance and rapid expansion. This involves different agents besides government institutions, at different stages. Based on relevant critical literature, the authors identify both a normative praxis, usually regulatory and product-oriented, and an alternative one, usually process-oriented, in urban development. In Maputo, the former is predominantly that which is regarded as ‘official’ and is linked to land titling, whereas the latter is closer to what actually happens ‘on the ground’ and often involves ‘unofficial’ land allocation. In reality both forms of praxis interact in complex ways. The paper draws on recent research and aims to better understand how these forms of urban planning praxis can both be developed to better address existing socio-spatial imbalances in a context of rapid urbanization – and hence has wider relevance for Sub-Saharan Africa.
{"title":"Between normative product-oriented and alternative process-oriented urban planning praxis: how can these jointly impact on the rapid development of metropolitan Maputo, Mozambique?","authors":"Vanessa Melo, Paul Jenkins","doi":"10.1080/13563475.2019.1703654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1703654","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores recent urban planning praxis in the metropolitan area of Maputo, capital of Mozambique – occurring in a context of high socio-spatial imbalance and rapid expansion. This involves different agents besides government institutions, at different stages. Based on relevant critical literature, the authors identify both a normative praxis, usually regulatory and product-oriented, and an alternative one, usually process-oriented, in urban development. In Maputo, the former is predominantly that which is regarded as ‘official’ and is linked to land titling, whereas the latter is closer to what actually happens ‘on the ground’ and often involves ‘unofficial’ land allocation. In reality both forms of praxis interact in complex ways. The paper draws on recent research and aims to better understand how these forms of urban planning praxis can both be developed to better address existing socio-spatial imbalances in a context of rapid urbanization – and hence has wider relevance for Sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":46688,"journal":{"name":"International Planning Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13563475.2019.1703654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42881307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-16DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1701425
J. Lilius
ABSTRACT This paper explores the concept of urbanity in a specific context, namely Helsinki, Finland. In a European context, Finland urbanized late. This lies at the heart of the common interpretation that Finland lacks an urban culture and urban lifestyles. Today, however, with the new comprehensive Urban Plan, city planners in Helsinki emphasize a paradigm shift towards urbanity. This paper seeks to understand this changing emphasis in planning by exploring how planners frame and understand urbanity. The paper concludes that within the Nordic welfare context more emphasis is needed to rethink whom urbanity serves and how it resonates with the prevention of segregation that the city also aims at.
{"title":"‘Mentally, we’re rather country people’ – planssplaining the quest for urbanity in Helsinki, Finland","authors":"J. Lilius","doi":"10.1080/13563475.2019.1701425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1701425","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the concept of urbanity in a specific context, namely Helsinki, Finland. In a European context, Finland urbanized late. This lies at the heart of the common interpretation that Finland lacks an urban culture and urban lifestyles. Today, however, with the new comprehensive Urban Plan, city planners in Helsinki emphasize a paradigm shift towards urbanity. This paper seeks to understand this changing emphasis in planning by exploring how planners frame and understand urbanity. The paper concludes that within the Nordic welfare context more emphasis is needed to rethink whom urbanity serves and how it resonates with the prevention of segregation that the city also aims at.","PeriodicalId":46688,"journal":{"name":"International Planning Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13563475.2019.1701425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41364912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1674642
L. Sibbing, Jeroen J. L. Candel, K. Termeer
ABSTRACT Local governments around the world increasingly engage in food governance, aiming to address food system challenges such as obesity, food waste, or food insecurity. However, the extent to which municipalities have actually integrated food across their policies remains unknown. This study addresses this question by conducting a medium-n systematic content analysis of local food policy outputs of 31 Dutch municipalities. Policy outputs were coded for the food goals and instruments adopted by local governments. Our analysis shows that most municipalities integrate food to a limited extent only, predominantly addressing health and local food production or consumption. Furthermore, municipalities seem hesitant to use coercive instruments and predominantly employ informative and organizational instruments. Nonetheless, a small number of municipalities have developed more holistic approaches to address food challenges. These cities may prove to be a leading group in the development of system-based approaches in Dutch local food policy.
{"title":"A comparative assessment of local municipal food policy integration in the Netherlands","authors":"L. Sibbing, Jeroen J. L. Candel, K. Termeer","doi":"10.1080/13563475.2019.1674642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1674642","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Local governments around the world increasingly engage in food governance, aiming to address food system challenges such as obesity, food waste, or food insecurity. However, the extent to which municipalities have actually integrated food across their policies remains unknown. This study addresses this question by conducting a medium-n systematic content analysis of local food policy outputs of 31 Dutch municipalities. Policy outputs were coded for the food goals and instruments adopted by local governments. Our analysis shows that most municipalities integrate food to a limited extent only, predominantly addressing health and local food production or consumption. Furthermore, municipalities seem hesitant to use coercive instruments and predominantly employ informative and organizational instruments. Nonetheless, a small number of municipalities have developed more holistic approaches to address food challenges. These cities may prove to be a leading group in the development of system-based approaches in Dutch local food policy.","PeriodicalId":46688,"journal":{"name":"International Planning Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13563475.2019.1674642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47720158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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