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Planning amid crisis and austerity: in, against and beyond the contemporary conjuncture 危机和紧缩中的规划:在当代危机中,反对和超越
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1704404
Simone Tulumello, Laura Saija, A. Inch
ABSTRACT This article introduces the special issue ‘Planning amid crisis and austerity: in, against and beyond the contemporary juncture’. It starts by acknowledging two limits of the existing body of literature on the planning/crisis/austerity nexus: on the one hand, the excessive reliance on cases at the ‘core’ of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, with impacts on the understanding of austerity as a response to economic crises; and, on the other, the limited attention given to the impacts of austerity on planning, and their implications for planning practice and research. Based on the contributions in the special issue, the article reflects on some lessons learned: first, the need for a more nuanced understanding of the multiple geographies and temporalities of crisis and austerity; second, the problematic standing of planning practice and research in the face of crisis and austerity; and, third, the potential and limitations of (local) responses and grassroots mobilizations in shaping alternatives.
摘要本文介绍《危机与紧缩中的规划:在当代、反对和超越》特刊。它首先承认了现有文献关于规划/危机/紧缩关系的两个局限性:一方面,过度依赖2007-2008年金融危机“核心”案例,影响了人们对紧缩作为应对经济危机的手段的理解;另一方面,对紧缩政策对规划的影响及其对规划实践和研究的影响的关注有限。基于特刊中的贡献,文章反思了一些经验教训:首先,需要对危机和紧缩的多个地理和时间进行更细致的理解;第二,面对危机和紧缩,规划实践和研究的地位存在问题;第三,(地方)应对措施和基层动员在制定替代方案方面的潜力和局限性。
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引用次数: 7
Negotiating (re)appropriation practices amid crisis and austerity 在危机和紧缩中谈判(重新)拨款做法
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1701424
Luisa Rossini, I. Bianchi
ABSTRACT In Berlin, Rome and Barcelona, three cities affected on different levels by the most recent wave of neoliberalisation and the global crisis, a rekindled interest in the strategies for the (re)appropriation of urban space has emerged among urban activists, as a way of resisting and challenging competitive oriented policies and austerity urbanism. The following three cases are hereby analysed in detail: the Flughafen (airport) Tempelhof in Berlin; the former Snia factory in Rome; the Can Batlló old industrial complex in Barcelona. The practices of resistance that have played out over these contended vacant public spaces have emphasized the limits of the current urban ideology in proposing alternative ways of doing things. Embodying the growing mistrust towards policy-makers and the intentions of institutional actors, these contentious urban practices have aimed to (re)politicise urban policies, planning and theoretical debates but face complex issues of institutionalisation that can co-opt and neutralize radical claims.
摘要在柏林、罗马和巴塞罗那这三个受到新自由主义浪潮和全球危机不同程度影响的城市,城市活动家们重新燃起了对城市空间(再)占用战略的兴趣,以此来抵制和挑战竞争导向的政策和紧缩型城市主义。本文详细分析了以下三个案例:柏林的Flughafen(机场)Tempelhof;位于罗马的前Snia工厂;巴塞罗那的Can Batllóold工业综合体。在这些被争夺的空置公共空间上发生的抵制行为强调了当前城市意识形态在提出替代做事方式方面的局限性。这些有争议的城市做法体现了人们对政策制定者和机构行为者意图日益增长的不信任,旨在(重新)将城市政策、规划和理论辩论政治化,但面临着复杂的制度化问题,这些问题可以选择并压制激进的主张。
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引用次数: 5
Between normative product-oriented and alternative process-oriented urban planning praxis: how can these jointly impact on the rapid development of metropolitan Maputo, Mozambique? 在规范的产品导向和替代过程导向的城市规划实践之间:这些如何共同影响莫桑比克马普托大都市的快速发展?
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1703654
Vanessa Melo, Paul Jenkins
ABSTRACT This paper explores recent urban planning praxis in the metropolitan area of Maputo, capital of Mozambique – occurring in a context of high socio-spatial imbalance and rapid expansion. This involves different agents besides government institutions, at different stages. Based on relevant critical literature, the authors identify both a normative praxis, usually regulatory and product-oriented, and an alternative one, usually process-oriented, in urban development. In Maputo, the former is predominantly that which is regarded as ‘official’ and is linked to land titling, whereas the latter is closer to what actually happens ‘on the ground’ and often involves ‘unofficial’ land allocation. In reality both forms of praxis interact in complex ways. The paper draws on recent research and aims to better understand how these forms of urban planning praxis can both be developed to better address existing socio-spatial imbalances in a context of rapid urbanization – and hence has wider relevance for Sub-Saharan Africa.
摘要本文探讨了莫桑比克首都马普托大都会区最近的城市规划实践——发生在高度社会空间失衡和快速扩张的背景下。这涉及到除政府机构之外的不同机构,处于不同阶段。基于相关的批判性文献,作者确定了城市发展中的规范实践,通常是以监管和产品为导向的,以及另一种替代实践,通常以过程为导向。在马普托,前者主要是被视为“官方”的,与土地所有权有关,而后者更接近“实地”实际发生的情况,通常涉及“非官方”的土地分配。事实上,实践的两种形式都以复杂的方式相互作用。该论文借鉴了最近的研究,旨在更好地了解如何发展这些形式的城市规划实践,以更好地解决快速城市化背景下现有的社会空间失衡问题,从而对撒哈拉以南非洲具有更广泛的相关性。
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引用次数: 4
‘Mentally, we’re rather country people’ – planssplaining the quest for urbanity in Helsinki, Finland “从心理上讲,我们更像乡下人”——这是在解释芬兰赫尔辛基对都市化的追求
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1701425
J. Lilius
ABSTRACT This paper explores the concept of urbanity in a specific context, namely Helsinki, Finland. In a European context, Finland urbanized late. This lies at the heart of the common interpretation that Finland lacks an urban culture and urban lifestyles. Today, however, with the new comprehensive Urban Plan, city planners in Helsinki emphasize a paradigm shift towards urbanity. This paper seeks to understand this changing emphasis in planning by exploring how planners frame and understand urbanity. The paper concludes that within the Nordic welfare context more emphasis is needed to rethink whom urbanity serves and how it resonates with the prevention of segregation that the city also aims at.
摘要本文探讨了城市化的概念在一个特定的背景下,即芬兰赫尔辛基。在欧洲背景下,芬兰城市化较晚。这是人们普遍认为芬兰缺乏城市文化和城市生活方式的核心。然而,今天,随着新的全面城市规划,赫尔辛基的城市规划者强调了向城市化的范式转变。本文试图通过探索规划者如何构建和理解城市性来理解规划中这种不断变化的重点。该论文的结论是,在北欧福利背景下,需要更多地强调重新思考城市化为谁服务,以及它如何与城市同样旨在防止种族隔离产生共鸣。
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引用次数: 5
A comparative assessment of local municipal food policy integration in the Netherlands 荷兰地方市政食品政策一体化的比较评估
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-10-11 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1674642
L. Sibbing, Jeroen J. L. Candel, K. Termeer
ABSTRACT Local governments around the world increasingly engage in food governance, aiming to address food system challenges such as obesity, food waste, or food insecurity. However, the extent to which municipalities have actually integrated food across their policies remains unknown. This study addresses this question by conducting a medium-n systematic content analysis of local food policy outputs of 31 Dutch municipalities. Policy outputs were coded for the food goals and instruments adopted by local governments. Our analysis shows that most municipalities integrate food to a limited extent only, predominantly addressing health and local food production or consumption. Furthermore, municipalities seem hesitant to use coercive instruments and predominantly employ informative and organizational instruments. Nonetheless, a small number of municipalities have developed more holistic approaches to address food challenges. These cities may prove to be a leading group in the development of system-based approaches in Dutch local food policy.
摘要世界各地的地方政府越来越多地参与粮食治理,旨在应对肥胖、食物浪费或粮食不安全等粮食系统挑战。然而,市政当局在多大程度上实际将粮食纳入其政策仍不得而知。本研究通过对荷兰31个城市的地方粮食政策产出进行中系统的内容分析来解决这个问题。政策产出是为地方政府通过的粮食目标和文书编码的。我们的分析表明,大多数城市只在有限的程度上整合了食品,主要涉及健康和当地食品生产或消费。此外,市政当局似乎对使用强制性文书犹豫不决,主要使用信息性和组织性文书。尽管如此,少数城市已经制定了更全面的方法来应对粮食挑战。这些城市可能被证明是荷兰地方粮食政策中基于系统的方法发展的领先群体。
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引用次数: 21
Regionalization processes and institutional transformations in the Italian metropolitan areas among crises and ambiguities 区域化进程和机构转型在危机和模棱两可的意大利大都市区
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1674641
Nadia Caruso, Elena Pede, Silvia Saccomani
ABSTRACT The paper focuses on the Italian territories affected by regionalization processes and subject to an institutional reform: the enforcement of Metropolitan Cities in 2014. Regionalization processes have occurred in many European countries in recent decades, also assisted by the European Cohesion Policy. In Italy, regionalized territories have place-specific characteristics and new emerging forms of bottom-up cooperation are taking place. The new government system is having to deal with a complex scenario due to the dissemination of these forms of cooperation linked to the regionalization taking place, alongside their potential coherence and/or contrast with the top-down design of the reform.
摘要:本文关注的是受区域化进程影响的意大利领土和受制度改革影响的地区:2014年大都市的执行情况。近几十年来,在欧洲凝聚政策的协助下,许多欧洲国家都发生了区域化进程。在意大利,区域化领土具有地方特色,正在出现新的自下而上的合作形式。由于这些与正在进行的区域化有关的合作形式的传播,以及它们可能与自上而下的改革设计相一致和/或形成对比,新的政府系统必须处理一个复杂的情况。
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引用次数: 4
Understanding context and its influence on collaborative planning processes: a contribution to communicative planning theory 理解语境及其对合作规划过程的影响——对交际规划理论的贡献
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1674639
C. Calderon, M. Westin
ABSTRACT Communicative Planning Theory (CPT) has been heavily criticized for neglecting context and for not paying sufficient attention to how it influences collaborative planning. While some CPT scholars have attempted to address this critique, there are still limited insights into how context hinders or facilitates the realization of collaborative qualities in planning. The paper contributes to attempts to make CPT more attuned to context by focusing on how context influences specific collaborative processes. It develops an approach that sees collaborative processes as embedded in and shaped by the immediate interplay between institutions and agency. The approach is demonstrated in the analysis of two collaborative planning processes in Ahmedabad, India and Bloemfontein, South Africa. The paper argues for the need to look at the interplay between institutional and agential factors when analysing context. It also highlights the important role that agency plays in mediating the influence of context in specific planning processes.
交际计划理论(CPT)由于忽视语境,没有充分关注其对合作计划的影响而受到严厉批评。尽管一些CPT学者试图解决这一批评,但对于环境如何阻碍或促进规划中合作品质的实现,仍有有限的见解。本文通过关注上下文如何影响特定的协作过程,试图使CPT更适应上下文。它开发了一种方法,将协作过程视为嵌入机构和机构之间的直接相互作用并由其塑造。该方法在对印度艾哈迈达巴德和南非布隆方丹的两个合作规划过程的分析中得到了证明。本文认为,在分析语境时,需要考虑制度因素和代理因素之间的相互作用。它还强调了机构在调解具体规划过程中的环境影响方面发挥的重要作用。
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引用次数: 17
Advancing responses to climate change through improved interplay between planning theory and practice 通过加强规划理论与实践的相互作用,推进应对气候变化
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1674640
T. Matthews, D. Baker
ABSTRACT Many planning agencies worldwide now see climate change response as unavoidable. This paper proposes that a central task for contemporary planning theory is to guide planning practice as it develops multi-dimensional responses. We examine three theoretical constructs: anticipatory governance, legitimacy and social-ecological resilience. We argue that each conceptualises challenges climate change presents to planning practice, while providing theoretically informed options for responses. Building on this, we utilize Friedmann’s [2008. “The Uses of Planning Theory: A Bibliographic Essay.” Journal of Planning Education and Research 28 (2): 247–257. doi:10.1177/0739456X08325220] tasks for planning theory as a framework to assess the utility of planning theories to guide climate change response through practice. Associated issues are discussed, including the influence of translatable planning theories and the value of importing knowledge from other disciplines. The paper concludes that more sophisticated interplay between planning theory and practice may improve planning responses to the climate change threat. The need for planning theory to translate its conceptual discoveries to the domain of practice is key.
全球许多规划机构现在都认为应对气候变化是不可避免的。本文提出当代规划理论的中心任务是指导规划实践,因为它发展了多维响应。我们研究了三个理论结构:预期治理、合法性和社会生态弹性。我们认为,每一个概念化的挑战,气候变化提出了规划实践,同时提供了理论上知情的应对方案。在此基础上,我们利用弗里德曼的[2008]。规划理论的应用:一篇参考书目论文。规划教育与研究,28(2):247-257。[doi:10.1177/0739456X08325220]规划理论作为框架的任务,以评估规划理论通过实践指导气候变化应对的效用。相关问题进行了讨论,包括可翻译的规划理论的影响和从其他学科引进知识的价值。本文的结论是,规划理论与实践之间更复杂的相互作用可能会改善规划对气候变化威胁的响应。规划理论需要将其概念发现转化为实践领域,这是关键。
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引用次数: 1
Visionary cities or spaces of uncertainty? Satellite cities and new towns in emerging economies 有远见的城市还是充满不确定性的空间?新兴经济体的卫星城市和新城
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1665270
Yves Van Leynseele, M. Bontje
Satellite cities and new towns have recently captured urban imaginations of planners, property developers and politicians in the Global South and East, and are also emerging as a research topic in urban studies, planning and development studies. With emblematic names like Techno City, Eco City and Hope City they embody a new property investment frontier and an optimistic belief in economic growth driven by a rising middle class. This special issue critically explores the various manifestations anddimensions of satellite city andnew towndevelopment in emerging economies. These cities characterize contemporary processes of urban development. Planned on greenfield sites some distance away from the existent city and the problems associated with rapid urbanization, they provide planners and developers with the opportunity to develop semi-autonomous cities based on visionary urban designs. As status projects they represent a nationalist ideal and new belief in city-planning, often reflecting formsof social engineering andahistorical belief in the ability toplan for entire societies and economies. They intend to connect people, regions and sectors to the global economy, relying on branding strategies in order to attract foreign investors and to compete with other such cities elsewhere. Satellite cities and new towns are developed in settings of rapid economic and political transformation in ways that expose the limits to urban design. Their reliance on global circuits of capital and capital injections by international financial institutions such as the World Bank, marks their vulnerability to global economic conjunctures, in turn compromising their provision of privatized infrastructure and centralized master planning. Ordinary city development and its informal aspects infringe on these cities, acting as constant reminders of their problematic scope and ambition. As social and economic enclaves, they constitute sites of spatial exclusion that privilege certain types of economic activities and middle class demands. The tension between satellite cities and new towns as planned rationalities and sites of speculative urbanism on the one hand and cities as living organisms and sites of creative reworking and social differentiation on the other, marks them as nascent spaces in which a multiplicity of development trajectories and organizational rationalities converge. In recognition of the gap between planning and lived realities of the built environment and testimony to the globalized nature of expert networks, planners and officials employ contemporary discourses of inclusiveness and sustainable urbanism. The translation of contemporary planning, policy and/or management concepts such as sustainable urban planning, risk management, renewable energy, and public participation mark these cities as unique research sites where planning
卫星城市和新城最近吸引了全球南部和东部规划者、房地产开发商和政治家的城市想象力,也成为城市研究、规划和发展研究的一个研究主题。他们以Techno City、Eco City和Hope City等象征性的名字,体现了一个新的房地产投资前沿,以及对中产阶级崛起推动经济增长的乐观信念。本期特刊批判性地探讨了新兴经济体卫星城和新城发展的各种表现形式和维度。这些城市是当代城市发展过程的特征。它们规划在距离现有城市一定距离的绿地上,以及与快速城市化相关的问题,为规划者和开发商提供了在富有远见的城市设计基础上发展半自治城市的机会。作为地位项目,它们代表了一种民族主义理想和对城市规划的新信念,通常反映了社会工程的形式和对整个社会和经济能力的历史信念。他们打算将人们、地区和部门与全球经济联系起来,依靠品牌战略来吸引外国投资者,并与其他地方的其他此类城市竞争。卫星城市和新城是在经济和政治快速转型的背景下发展起来的,其方式暴露了城市设计的局限性。它们依赖全球资本循环和世界银行等国际金融机构的注资,这标志着它们容易受到全球经济形势的影响,进而影响到它们提供私有化的基础设施和集中的总体规划。普通的城市发展及其非正式方面侵犯了这些城市,不断提醒人们注意它们存在问题的范围和雄心。作为社会和经济飞地,它们构成了空间排斥的场所,使某些类型的经济活动和中产阶级需求享有特权。卫星城和新城作为规划理性和投机城市主义的场所,而城市作为活的有机体和创造性改造和社会分化的场所,两者之间的紧张关系,标志着它们是多种发展轨迹和组织理性交汇的新生空间。为了认识到建筑环境的规划和生活现实之间的差距,并证明专家网络的全球化性质,规划者和官员采用了包容性和可持续城市化的当代话语。当代规划、政策和/或管理概念的转化,如可持续城市规划、风险管理、可再生能源和公众参与,标志着这些城市成为规划的独特研究场所
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引用次数: 27
Satellite cities turned to ghost towns? On the contradictions of Morocco’s spatial policy 卫星城变成了鬼城?论摩洛哥空间政策的矛盾
IF 2.1 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1665500
Max Rousseau, Tarik Harroud
ABSTRACT A megaproject of new cities was launched in Morocco in 2004. According to public discourses, it was aimed at easing congestion in big cities and address the considerable deficit in social housing. A decade later, the recorded achievements appear much lower compared to the declared ambitions, to the point of provoking strong political and social oppositions. An analysis of the megaprojects’ implementation sheds light on the contradictions in the megaproject's objectives, seen through the example of the new city of Tamesna.
2004年,摩洛哥启动了一个大型新城项目。根据公共话语,它旨在缓解大城市的拥堵,解决社会住房的巨大赤字。十年后,与宣布的雄心相比,记录在案的成就似乎要低得多,以至于引发了强烈的政治和社会反对。通过塔梅斯纳新城的例子,对大型项目实施的分析揭示了大型项目目标中的矛盾。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
International Planning Studies
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