Paulina Pruszkowska-Przybylska, I. Rosset, A. Sitek, E. Żądzińska
Breastfeeding in the first year of life is an important factor that may modify the child's later development.The aim of this study was to examine the association between the duration of breastfeeding and the time of achieving motor development of Polish children taking into account their familial background. The study material comprised 460 individuals including 252 boys and 208 girls aged 9 to 56 months who were born at term (37-42 weeks) selected in years 1993-1997. The investigated dependent variables were: first attempts of sitting, standing and walking (months). The independent variables were divided into: explanatory variable - the duration of breastfeeding, and other covariates - birth weight, the paternal and maternal age at the time of childbirth, maternal tobacco smoking during and after pregnancy as well as the parental level of education. The results of regression models after removing the prenatal and familial factors did not indicate a significant relationship between the duration of breastfeeding and sitting up (F = 0.03, p = 0.8569), standing up (F = 0.79, p = 0.3741) and walking variability (F = 0.20, p = 0.6568) in studied group of children. The results showed that parental age and education may affect the offspring's gross motor development, though effect sizes are small and directions of influence vary between fathers and mothers. The study underlines the importance of familial factors over the breastfeeding duration impact on time of developmental milestones.
在生命的第一年母乳喂养是一个重要的因素，可能会改变孩子以后的发展。本研究的目的是在考虑波兰儿童的家庭背景的情况下，研究母乳喂养的持续时间和实现运动发育的时间之间的关系。研究材料包括460人，其中包括252名男孩和208名女孩，年龄在9至56个月之间，出生于1993-1997年的足月(37-42周)。调查的因变量是:第一次尝试坐着、站立和行走(月)。自变量分为:解释变量-母乳喂养的持续时间，以及其他协变量-出生体重，分娩时父母和母亲的年龄，怀孕期间和怀孕后母亲的吸烟情况以及父母的教育水平。剔除产前和家族因素后的回归模型结果显示，母乳喂养时间与研究组儿童坐起(F = 0.03, p = 0.8569)、站立(F = 0.79, p = 0.3741)和行走变异性(F = 0.20, p = 0.6568)之间无显著关系。结果表明，父母的年龄和受教育程度可能会影响后代的大肌肉运动发展，尽管影响规模很小，而且影响方向在父亲和母亲之间有所不同。该研究强调了家庭因素对母乳喂养持续时间对发育里程碑时间的影响的重要性。
{"title":"Familial factors more importantly modify the age of achieving motor developmental milestones than duration of breastfeeding amongst Polish children.","authors":"Paulina Pruszkowska-Przybylska, I. Rosset, A. Sitek, E. Żądzińska","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1121","url":null,"abstract":"Breastfeeding in the first year of life is an important factor that may modify the child's later development.The aim of this study was to examine the association between the duration of breastfeeding and the time of achieving motor development of Polish children taking into account their familial background. The study material comprised 460 individuals including 252 boys and 208 girls aged 9 to 56 months who were born at term (37-42 weeks) selected in years 1993-1997. The investigated dependent variables were: first attempts of sitting, standing and walking (months). The independent variables were divided into: explanatory variable - the duration of breastfeeding, and other covariates - birth weight, the paternal and maternal age at the time of childbirth, maternal tobacco smoking during and after pregnancy as well as the parental level of education. The results of regression models after removing the prenatal and familial factors did not indicate a significant relationship between the duration of breastfeeding and sitting up (F = 0.03, p = 0.8569), standing up (F = 0.79, p = 0.3741) and walking variability (F = 0.20, p = 0.6568) in studied group of children. The results showed that parental age and education may affect the offspring's gross motor development, though effect sizes are small and directions of influence vary between fathers and mothers. The study underlines the importance of familial factors over the breastfeeding duration impact on time of developmental milestones.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87760651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long bone shaft fragments can be found isolated in archaeological and forensic contexts, such as in mass fatality incidents. When diagnostic morphological landmarks are not visible, the assessment of a human or non-human origin of a bone fragment can be challenging. Further methods need to be developed. In long bones, the presence of a nutrient foramen on fragments that do not show any diagnostic landmarks can make the assessment of the origin of the bone still possible. In this paper, human long bones were compared to those of the following species: chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), duck (Cairina moschata), sheep (Ovis aries), pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), and deer (fallow deer, Dama dama, and roe deer, Capreolus capreolus). Macroscopic evaluation of location, direction and appearance, and micro-CT scanning in order to measure angle and shape of canal entrance, were applied in this study to differentiate human from non-human nutrient foramina on long bone shafts. Observations regarding the location and direction of nutrient foramina were proven to be different between human and non-human bones; however, these two features might not be exploitable in cases of highly fragmented bones. The foramina appearance was the most reliable for the origin identification, although the shape of the canal entrance and its angle at the cortical bone, obtained from micro-CT scans, were also useful parameters. For a correct identification of a fragment, one parameter may not be enough and it is advisable to employ as many features as possible. This research demonstrates that nutrient foramina have potential as a reliable bone feature for the distinction between human and non-human fragmented and incomplete long bones.
{"title":"Using nutrient foramina to differentiate human from non-human long bone fragments in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology.","authors":"B. Corrieri, N. Márquez-Grant","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1113","url":null,"abstract":"Long bone shaft fragments can be found isolated in archaeological and forensic contexts, such as in mass fatality incidents. When diagnostic morphological landmarks are not visible, the assessment of a human or non-human origin of a bone fragment can be challenging. Further methods need to be developed. In long bones, the presence of a nutrient foramen on fragments that do not show any diagnostic landmarks can make the assessment of the origin of the bone still possible. In this paper, human long bones were compared to those of the following species: chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), duck (Cairina moschata), sheep (Ovis aries), pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), and deer (fallow deer, Dama dama, and roe deer, Capreolus capreolus). Macroscopic evaluation of location, direction and appearance, and micro-CT scanning in order to measure angle and shape of canal entrance, were applied in this study to differentiate human from non-human nutrient foramina on long bone shafts. Observations regarding the location and direction of nutrient foramina were proven to be different between human and non-human bones; however, these two features might not be exploitable in cases of highly fragmented bones. The foramina appearance was the most reliable for the origin identification, although the shape of the canal entrance and its angle at the cortical bone, obtained from micro-CT scans, were also useful parameters. For a correct identification of a fragment, one parameter may not be enough and it is advisable to employ as many features as possible. This research demonstrates that nutrient foramina have potential as a reliable bone feature for the distinction between human and non-human fragmented and incomplete long bones.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85470319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been shown that women who have undergone mastectomy (BG) demonstrated greater postural changes than women after breast reconstruction. In this study we wanted to verify if unilateral mastectomy affected body weight distribution and balance in a standing position and if the weight of an external breast prosthesis (EBP) influenced those variables and might provide some insight into the current post-mastectomy care. In our study BG completed the data acquisition protocol in 4 variants: 3 trials without EBP (group A), and the next 9 trials with 3 different weights of EBP. Group B - wearing a prosthesis weighing 10 grams; Group C - wearing a prosthesis weighing 50% of the total breast mass; Group D - wearing a prosthesis of equal weight to the operated breast. Each control group subject (CG) completed 3 consecutive trials. Instrumental assessment of body balance was conducted using FDM pressure distribution measurement platforms. This is a quantitative baropedometric tool which allowed for measuring forces exerted on the support surface in a standing position. Ellipse width, length, area and the center of feet pressure (CoP) path did not differ significantly between the measurements performed in different groups. Group D was closest to CG in terms of the width and length of the ellipse. Group C, on the other hand, was most similar to CG with respect to the other study variables. The study results suggest that women after mastectomy do not differ from the healthy subjects neither with regard to CoP features nor in terms of weight distribution on the supporting surface.
{"title":"The weight of an external breast prosthesis as a factor for body balance in women who have undergone mastectomy.","authors":"F. Manikowska, Owidia Ozga-Majchrzak, K. Hojan","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1114","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown that women who have undergone mastectomy (BG) demonstrated greater postural changes than women after breast reconstruction. In this study we wanted to verify if unilateral mastectomy affected body weight distribution and balance in a standing position and if the weight of an external breast prosthesis (EBP) influenced those variables and might provide some insight into the current post-mastectomy care. In our study BG completed the data acquisition protocol in 4 variants: 3 trials without EBP (group A), and the next 9 trials with 3 different weights of EBP. Group B - wearing a prosthesis weighing 10 grams; Group C - wearing a prosthesis weighing 50% of the total breast mass; Group D - wearing a prosthesis of equal weight to the operated breast. Each control group subject (CG) completed 3 consecutive trials. Instrumental assessment of body balance was conducted using FDM pressure distribution measurement platforms. This is a quantitative baropedometric tool which allowed for measuring forces exerted on the support surface in a standing position. Ellipse width, length, area and the center of feet pressure (CoP) path did not differ significantly between the measurements performed in different groups. Group D was closest to CG in terms of the width and length of the ellipse. Group C, on the other hand, was most similar to CG with respect to the other study variables. The study results suggest that women after mastectomy do not differ from the healthy subjects neither with regard to CoP features nor in terms of weight distribution on the supporting surface.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73185913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work aimed to study the variability in location of the asterion in a Polish population, which may be important for both surgical and anthropological procedures. In surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa, the asterion is of great importance as a reference landmark. Its accurate localization may be impeded by the presence of additional, irregular sutural bones. Dry adult human skulls (n = 113, 60.2% male and 39.8% female) were analyzed for asterion location in relation to the reference points (mastoidale, bregma, porion, inion, lambda, opisthion). The asterion exhibits wide variation in location. The range of ± 2 SD of measured distances demonstrated broad variation intra and interindividually (15.9-27.8 mm for male skulls and 13.1-24.6 mm for female skulls). Distances from the asterion to the reference landmarks were longer for males compared to females (p < 0.05), and some distances were longer for people of lower socioeconomic status. Because of its lesser variation, measurements to three reference landmarks (mastoidale, bregma and frontotemporale) may be particularly important for surgical purposes. Defining accurately the safe area for asterion is important but problematic. Because of the complex relations between bony landmarks, preoperative imaging assistance is required, and the asterion should only be used as auxiliary, not as a key superficial cranial landmark in surgical interventions.
{"title":"Asterion localization - variability of the location for surgical and anthropological relevance.","authors":"A. Tomaszewska, Agata Bisiecka, Ł. Pawelec","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1124","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to study the variability in location of the asterion in a Polish population, which may be important for both surgical and anthropological procedures. In surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa, the asterion is of great importance as a reference landmark. Its accurate localization may be impeded by the presence of additional, irregular sutural bones. Dry adult human skulls (n = 113, 60.2% male and 39.8% female) were analyzed for asterion location in relation to the reference points (mastoidale, bregma, porion, inion, lambda, opisthion). The asterion exhibits wide variation in location. The range of ± 2 SD of measured distances demonstrated broad variation intra and interindividually (15.9-27.8 mm for male skulls and 13.1-24.6 mm for female skulls). Distances from the asterion to the reference landmarks were longer for males compared to females (p < 0.05), and some distances were longer for people of lower socioeconomic status. Because of its lesser variation, measurements to three reference landmarks (mastoidale, bregma and frontotemporale) may be particularly important for surgical purposes. Defining accurately the safe area for asterion is important but problematic. Because of the complex relations between bony landmarks, preoperative imaging assistance is required, and the asterion should only be used as auxiliary, not as a key superficial cranial landmark in surgical interventions.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72515777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Hromatko, M. Tadinac, N. Jokić-begić, Anita Lauri-Korajlija, L. Kotrulja
One of the issues within the framework of Darwinian medicine is why individuals develop the specific disease they do. Ethologists have long known that within any given population, there are organisms with the tendency towards higher (Hawks) or lower (Doves) aggressiveness, and since the physiological responses to stressful events are different in Hawks and Doves, it has been suggested that these strategies might be related to health outcomes. The aims of this exploratory study were to determine whether an analogues of Hawks and Doves as basic coping strategies could be defined among chronically ill patients and healthy controls and whether the proportion of Hawks and Doves differs among different groups of patients. Patients from several clinical departments (dermatology, gastroenterology and psychiatry) and a comparable group of healthy participants were recruited (N = 288). Based on their coping style and anxiety trait, they were categorized as either Hawks (low anxiety trait and problem-oriented coping style) or Doves (high anxiety trait and avoidant coping style). We found a significantly larger proportion of Hawks among patients with gastroenterological and dermatologic symptoms, and significantly more Doves among psychiatric patients. The proportion of Hawks and Doves in healthy controls was close to 50:50. This is in accordance with the notion that Hawks and Doves have different allostatic load management, and that the onset of certain diseases might be related to these strategies. However, prospective longitudinal studies are necessary to reach definite conclusions regarding the susceptibility to certain diseases among people with different stress-related behavioral and emotional strategies.
{"title":"Evolutionary medicine perspective on coping style and health outcomes: an exploratory study.","authors":"Ivana Hromatko, M. Tadinac, N. Jokić-begić, Anita Lauri-Korajlija, L. Kotrulja","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1094","url":null,"abstract":"One of the issues within the framework of Darwinian medicine is why individuals develop the specific disease they do. Ethologists have long known that within any given population, there are organisms with the tendency towards higher (Hawks) or lower (Doves) aggressiveness, and since the physiological responses to stressful events are different in Hawks and Doves, it has been suggested that these strategies might be related to health outcomes. The aims of this exploratory study were to determine whether an analogues of Hawks and Doves as basic coping strategies could be defined among chronically ill patients and healthy controls and whether the proportion of Hawks and Doves differs among different groups of patients. Patients from several clinical departments (dermatology, gastroenterology and psychiatry) and a comparable group of healthy participants were recruited (N = 288). Based on their coping style and anxiety trait, they were categorized as either Hawks (low anxiety trait and problem-oriented coping style) or Doves (high anxiety trait and avoidant coping style). We found a significantly larger proportion of Hawks among patients with gastroenterological and dermatologic symptoms, and significantly more Doves among psychiatric patients. The proportion of Hawks and Doves in healthy controls was close to 50:50. This is in accordance with the notion that Hawks and Doves have different allostatic load management, and that the onset of certain diseases might be related to these strategies. However, prospective longitudinal studies are necessary to reach definite conclusions regarding the susceptibility to certain diseases among people with different stress-related behavioral and emotional strategies.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80891450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilaria Fiumi Sermattei, M. Traversari, P. Serventi, E. Cilli, G. Gruppioni, L. Tomassini, S. Benazzi, F. Galassi
Although the practice of autopsy on the Pope's corpse was performed from the 16th century, autopsy reports are only rarely analysed, and never with the aim of investigating the real causes of the death from a concomitant medical and historical point of view. Here, for the first time, we report on the discovery of new unpublished documents from the Vatican Secret Archives and their investigation by a scientific and inter-disciplinary approach. This analysis allows us to draw new conclusions on the true cause of Leo XII's mysterious death. His sudden death, that occurred on February 10th, 1829 after a short illness, particularly struck the public. Suspicions of poisoning or surgeon's guilt or inexperience and even the shadow of a venereal disease, contributed to create a "black legend" on his pontificate and death. On the contrary, the present paleopathographic analysis points toward a new conclusion. The regular use of catheterization with a silver syringe provided an easy access for bacterial superinfection, confirmed by the observed early emphysematous stage of the corpse. So, the most substantiated hypothesis concerning the cause of Leo XII's death indicates a severe form of sepsis, exacerbated by a weakened state due to chronic hemorrhoids.
{"title":"Pope Leo XII's death: the twist to a longstanding dispute by novel historical documents and paleopathographic analysis.","authors":"Ilaria Fiumi Sermattei, M. Traversari, P. Serventi, E. Cilli, G. Gruppioni, L. Tomassini, S. Benazzi, F. Galassi","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1138","url":null,"abstract":"Although the practice of autopsy on the Pope's corpse was performed from the 16th century, autopsy reports are only rarely analysed, and never with the aim of investigating the real causes of the death from a concomitant medical and historical point of view. Here, for the first time, we report on the discovery of new unpublished documents from the Vatican Secret Archives and their investigation by a scientific and inter-disciplinary approach. This analysis allows us to draw new conclusions on the true cause of Leo XII's mysterious death. His sudden death, that occurred on February 10th, 1829 after a short illness, particularly struck the public. Suspicions of poisoning or surgeon's guilt or inexperience and even the shadow of a venereal disease, contributed to create a \"black legend\" on his pontificate and death. On the contrary, the present paleopathographic analysis points toward a new conclusion. The regular use of catheterization with a silver syringe provided an easy access for bacterial superinfection, confirmed by the observed early emphysematous stage of the corpse. So, the most substantiated hypothesis concerning the cause of Leo XII's death indicates a severe form of sepsis, exacerbated by a weakened state due to chronic hemorrhoids.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81744650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ancient Egyptians experienced a vast increase in population size following the Neolithic Revolution. Nomadic hunter-gatherer groups gradually adopted agriculture as their primary food subsistence strategy. Analyses of human societies shifting from foragers to farmers have provided evidence which suggests this transition is linked with an increase in disease and allostatic load. This paper presents an examination of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis prevalence in Predynastic and Dynastic Egyptians using public health evidence as a means to interpret the skeletal findings. The sample included 219 individuals from the regions of Naga-ed-Dêr, Mesheikh, Giza, and potentially El-Ahaiwah. The aim of this study was to identify significant differences of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis across time and sex. Application of a Fisher-Freeman-Halton's test indicated there were no differences in prevalence of cribra orbitalia or porotic hyperostosis between the Predynastic and Dynastic, nor were there differences between the sexes. The results of this study did not produce any evidence for an epidemiological shift to have occurred in post-agricultural Egypt. Further, the most likely explanation of the pattern of disease stems from a parasitic model of infection.
{"title":"Ancient Egyptian health: the prevalence of anemia at the origins of agriculture and state level society.","authors":"K. A. Lopez, K. Godde","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1089","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient Egyptians experienced a vast increase in population size following the Neolithic Revolution. Nomadic hunter-gatherer groups gradually adopted agriculture as their primary food subsistence strategy. Analyses of human societies shifting from foragers to farmers have provided evidence which suggests this transition is linked with an increase in disease and allostatic load. This paper presents an examination of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis prevalence in Predynastic and Dynastic Egyptians using public health evidence as a means to interpret the skeletal findings. The sample included 219 individuals from the regions of Naga-ed-Dêr, Mesheikh, Giza, and potentially El-Ahaiwah. The aim of this study was to identify significant differences of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis across time and sex. Application of a Fisher-Freeman-Halton's test indicated there were no differences in prevalence of cribra orbitalia or porotic hyperostosis between the Predynastic and Dynastic, nor were there differences between the sexes. The results of this study did not produce any evidence for an epidemiological shift to have occurred in post-agricultural Egypt. Further, the most likely explanation of the pattern of disease stems from a parasitic model of infection.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91225409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina Žigante, A. Pavlić, Vaska Vandevska Radunovic, Alana Mathewson, Ana Kotarac Knežević, S. Špalj
The aim was to analyze the changes in mandibular dental arch shape during adolescence and assess its relation to late mandibular incisor crowding. Longitudinal study included 68 orthodontically untreated subjects (49% female) and analyzed their data for the ages of 12, 15, 18 and 21 years. Measurements included anterior arch depth, intercanine, interpremolar/anterior and intermolar/posterior width, Little's Irregularity and Bolton's index and the ratio between anterior arch depth and width. Males had significantly greater posterior widths than females at any age (p < 0.05). The anterior arch depth continuously decreased (p < 0.05), while width increased after the age of 18 years. Mandibular incisor crowding increased during all investigated periods (p < 0.05). The increase of intercanine width at 12-21 years of age reduced the risk for mandibular incisor crowding in the same period by 74% (OR: 0.265: 95% CI 0.076-0.931; p = 0.045). The shape of mandibular dental arch continues to change during adolescence becoming more squared while mandibular incisor crowding increases. The increase in mandibular intercanine width reduces the risk of crowding.
{"title":"Changes of mandibular dental arch shape during adolescence and its influence on late mandibular incisor crowding.","authors":"Martina Žigante, A. Pavlić, Vaska Vandevska Radunovic, Alana Mathewson, Ana Kotarac Knežević, S. Špalj","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1070","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to analyze the changes in mandibular dental arch shape during adolescence and assess its relation to late mandibular incisor crowding. Longitudinal study included 68 orthodontically untreated subjects (49% female) and analyzed their data for the ages of 12, 15, 18 and 21 years. Measurements included anterior arch depth, intercanine, interpremolar/anterior and intermolar/posterior width, Little's Irregularity and Bolton's index and the ratio between anterior arch depth and width. Males had significantly greater posterior widths than females at any age (p < 0.05). The anterior arch depth continuously decreased (p < 0.05), while width increased after the age of 18 years. Mandibular incisor crowding increased during all investigated periods (p < 0.05). The increase of intercanine width at 12-21 years of age reduced the risk for mandibular incisor crowding in the same period by 74% (OR: 0.265: 95% CI 0.076-0.931; p = 0.045). The shape of mandibular dental arch continues to change during adolescence becoming more squared while mandibular incisor crowding increases. The increase in mandibular intercanine width reduces the risk of crowding.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83381647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of genetic information for anthropological purposes requires an effort by the researcher to deal with the ethical issues that may arise. In some cases, these can lead to rather complex relationships between anthropologists and communities. The transparency of the research protocol is a fundamental requirement in order to establish a relationship based on trust and to conduct investigations in the most ethically sustainable way. In addition, researchers must take into consideration further aspects regarding the indigenous conceptions of corporeity, memory and history. Knowledge of these characteristics can help in the interpretation of results produced by the geneticists, and constitute a series of social, political and cultural responses. By involving the communities being investigated and engaging in a frequent and fruitful dialogue with their members will make it possible for anthropologists to learn more and also provide useful answers for the populations themselves.
{"title":"The ethics of investigating cultural and genetic diversity of minority groups.","authors":"M. Capocasa, Laura Volpi","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1095","url":null,"abstract":"The use of genetic information for anthropological purposes requires an effort by the researcher to deal with the ethical issues that may arise. In some cases, these can lead to rather complex relationships between anthropologists and communities. The transparency of the research protocol is a fundamental requirement in order to establish a relationship based on trust and to conduct investigations in the most ethically sustainable way. In addition, researchers must take into consideration further aspects regarding the indigenous conceptions of corporeity, memory and history. Knowledge of these characteristics can help in the interpretation of results produced by the geneticists, and constitute a series of social, political and cultural responses. By involving the communities being investigated and engaging in a frequent and fruitful dialogue with their members will make it possible for anthropologists to learn more and also provide useful answers for the populations themselves.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79763771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Balázs, Zoltán Rózsa, Z. Bereczki, A. Marcsik, B. Tihanyi, K. Karlinger, Gergely Pölöskei, Erika Molnár, H. Donoghue, G. Pálfi
Orosháza site no. 10 (Southeast Hungary) contains the partially excavated archaeological remains of an 11-13th century CE Muslim merchant village and its cemetery located in close proximity to Christian villages of the same era. The skeleton of a young woman (grave no. 16) from the last phase of the cemetery use was identified with rhinomaxillary lesions associated with lepromatous leprosy. The right parietal bone also exhibited signs of cranial trauma, possibly caused by symbolic trepanation, a well-known ritual practice in the 9-11th century CE Carpathian Basin. The retrospective diagnosis of the disease was supported by ancient DNA analysis, as the samples were positive for Mycobacterium leprae aDNA, shown to be of genotype 3. Contrary to the general practice of the era, the body of the young female with severe signs of leprosy was interred among the regular graves of the Muslim cemetery in Orosháza, which may reflect the unique cultural background of the community.
{"title":"Osteoarcheological and biomolecular evidence of leprosy from an 11-13th century CE Muslim cemetery in Europe (Orosháza, Southeast Hungary).","authors":"J. Balázs, Zoltán Rózsa, Z. Bereczki, A. Marcsik, B. Tihanyi, K. Karlinger, Gergely Pölöskei, Erika Molnár, H. Donoghue, G. Pálfi","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1071","url":null,"abstract":"Orosháza site no. 10 (Southeast Hungary) contains the partially excavated archaeological remains of an 11-13th century CE Muslim merchant village and its cemetery located in close proximity to Christian villages of the same era. The skeleton of a young woman (grave no. 16) from the last phase of the cemetery use was identified with rhinomaxillary lesions associated with lepromatous leprosy. The right parietal bone also exhibited signs of cranial trauma, possibly caused by symbolic trepanation, a well-known ritual practice in the 9-11th century CE Carpathian Basin. The retrospective diagnosis of the disease was supported by ancient DNA analysis, as the samples were positive for Mycobacterium leprae aDNA, shown to be of genotype 3. Contrary to the general practice of the era, the body of the young female with severe signs of leprosy was interred among the regular graves of the Muslim cemetery in Orosháza, which may reflect the unique cultural background of the community.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"600 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77248857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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