The following study was designed to find out the association of the mid-upper arm body composition and body mass index (BMI) with depressive symptoms among the old age home based (group 1) and family based elderly (group 2) subjects. In group 1 elderly males, 51.5% were showing mild depressive symptoms and 17% were showing moderate to severe depressive symptoms. On the other hand, among group 2 elderly males, prevalence of mild depressive symptoms was in 27% and moderate to severe depressive symptoms was in 4.5% of the subjects. Among elderly with and without depressive symptoms, BMI, waist-hip ratio (WHR), arm muscle circumference (AMC), arm muscle area (AMA), arm fat area (AFA), fat mass (FM), muscle mass and bone mass were significantly (p < 0.01) lesser among group 1 as compared to group 2. Among group 1, the AFA (R2 change = 0.178), AMC (R2 change = 0.035), AMA (R2 change = 0.032), FM (R2 change = 0.022) and muscle mass (R2 change = 0.019) have highest contribution to the variance of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, BMI (R2 change = 0.04) and WHR (R2 change = 0.03) had the highest, though small, contribution to the variance of depressive symptoms among group 2. The upper arm body composition indices were better indicator of depressive symptoms in group 1, and BMI and WHR were better indicators of depressive symptoms in group 2. Therefore, among group 1 subjects, the upper arm body composition indices prove to be better regular health monitoring indices as compared to traditionally used BMI and WHR.
{"title":"Association of body mass index and upper arm body composition with depressive symptoms in old age home and family based elderly.","authors":"K. Singh, S. Singh, G. Kaur, K. Bose","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1054","url":null,"abstract":"The following study was designed to find out the association of the mid-upper arm body composition and body mass index (BMI) with depressive symptoms among the old age home based (group 1) and family based elderly (group 2) subjects. In group 1 elderly males, 51.5% were showing mild depressive symptoms and 17% were showing moderate to severe depressive symptoms. On the other hand, among group 2 elderly males, prevalence of mild depressive symptoms was in 27% and moderate to severe depressive symptoms was in 4.5% of the subjects. Among elderly with and without depressive symptoms, BMI, waist-hip ratio (WHR), arm muscle circumference (AMC), arm muscle area (AMA), arm fat area (AFA), fat mass (FM), muscle mass and bone mass were significantly (p < 0.01) lesser among group 1 as compared to group 2. Among group 1, the AFA (R2 change = 0.178), AMC (R2 change = 0.035), AMA (R2 change = 0.032), FM (R2 change = 0.022) and muscle mass (R2 change = 0.019) have highest contribution to the variance of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, BMI (R2 change = 0.04) and WHR (R2 change = 0.03) had the highest, though small, contribution to the variance of depressive symptoms among group 2. The upper arm body composition indices were better indicator of depressive symptoms in group 1, and BMI and WHR were better indicators of depressive symptoms in group 2. Therefore, among group 1 subjects, the upper arm body composition indices prove to be better regular health monitoring indices as compared to traditionally used BMI and WHR.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75625384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruining Li, Yuxuan Fan, Yaming Liu, Ðorđe Antonijević, Zhiyu Li, M. Djuric, Yifang Fan
The collection of 1550 Homo naledi fossil remains includes six tarsal and five metatarsal bones from the right foot, forming a nearly complete humanlike flat foot arch. The missing right medial cuneiform, however, raises our interest to explore the true structure of Homo naledi's foot arch. We hypothesize that Homo naledi does not have flat foot. To verify our hypothesis, the left medial cuneiform of Homo naledi was mirrored using three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual model analysis. Then, we defined quantities of Euler, standardized the body coordinate system of foot bone and developed a new foot arch reconstruction method based on discrete bones. The reconstructed transverse foot arch corroborated our hypothesis, thus providing biomechanical evidence for interpreting the evolution of human locomotion and bringing novel ideas to the research of the biomechanical mechanism of ankle stability.
{"title":"Homo naledi did not have flat foot.","authors":"Ruining Li, Yuxuan Fan, Yaming Liu, Ðorđe Antonijević, Zhiyu Li, M. Djuric, Yifang Fan","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1059","url":null,"abstract":"The collection of 1550 Homo naledi fossil remains includes six tarsal and five metatarsal bones from the right foot, forming a nearly complete humanlike flat foot arch. The missing right medial cuneiform, however, raises our interest to explore the true structure of Homo naledi's foot arch. We hypothesize that Homo naledi does not have flat foot. To verify our hypothesis, the left medial cuneiform of Homo naledi was mirrored using three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual model analysis. Then, we defined quantities of Euler, standardized the body coordinate system of foot bone and developed a new foot arch reconstruction method based on discrete bones. The reconstructed transverse foot arch corroborated our hypothesis, thus providing biomechanical evidence for interpreting the evolution of human locomotion and bringing novel ideas to the research of the biomechanical mechanism of ankle stability.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82677786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Podstawski, K. Borysławski, J. Laukkanen, C. Clark, D. Choszcz
Little is known about the effect of prolonged thermal stress on the physiological parameters of young and sedentary men. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of prolonged thermal stress on the physiological parameters of young men and the correlations with somatic features and body composition parameters. Forty-two sedentary men aged 20.24 ± 1.68 years were exposed to 10-, 12- and 14-minute sauna sessions (temperature: 90-91 °C; relative humidity: 14-16%). The participants' body composition parameters were determined pre-sauna exposure, and their body mass and blood pressure were measured pre and post-sauna treatment. Physiological parameters were monitored during each sauna session. Heart rate, energy expenditure, oxygen uptake, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, respiratory rate, and blood pressure differed significantly between 10-, 12- and 14-minute sauna sessions. The increase in physiological parameters during sauna sessions (10, 12 and 14 minutes, respectively) was not significantly correlated with somatic features or body composition parameters. The only exception were the values of blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), which were significantly correlated with body mass, body mass index, body surface area, waist-hip ratio and the initial values of blood pressure pre-sauna exposure. Every additional two minutes of exposure to thermal stress induces significant changes in the physiological parameters of young and sedentary men. Whilst changes in physiological parameters following heat exposure are not significantly correlated with somatic features or body composition parameters, excluding blood pressure. Given the marked physiological changes observed in this study, it is recommended that sauna bathing of longer durations be investigated in order to elucidate the thermal stress response among varying body types.
{"title":"The effect of prolonged thermal stress on the physiological parameters of young, sedentary men and the correlations with somatic features and body composition parameters.","authors":"R. Podstawski, K. Borysławski, J. Laukkanen, C. Clark, D. Choszcz","doi":"10.1127/HOMO/2019/1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/HOMO/2019/1016","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about the effect of prolonged thermal stress on the physiological parameters of young and sedentary men. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of prolonged thermal stress on the physiological parameters of young men and the correlations with somatic features and body composition parameters. Forty-two sedentary men aged 20.24 ± 1.68 years were exposed to 10-, 12- and 14-minute sauna sessions (temperature: 90-91 °C; relative humidity: 14-16%). The participants' body composition parameters were determined pre-sauna exposure, and their body mass and blood pressure were measured pre and post-sauna treatment. Physiological parameters were monitored during each sauna session. Heart rate, energy expenditure, oxygen uptake, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, respiratory rate, and blood pressure differed significantly between 10-, 12- and 14-minute sauna sessions. The increase in physiological parameters during sauna sessions (10, 12 and 14 minutes, respectively) was not significantly correlated with somatic features or body composition parameters. The only exception were the values of blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), which were significantly correlated with body mass, body mass index, body surface area, waist-hip ratio and the initial values of blood pressure pre-sauna exposure. Every additional two minutes of exposure to thermal stress induces significant changes in the physiological parameters of young and sedentary men. Whilst changes in physiological parameters following heat exposure are not significantly correlated with somatic features or body composition parameters, excluding blood pressure. Given the marked physiological changes observed in this study, it is recommended that sauna bathing of longer durations be investigated in order to elucidate the thermal stress response among varying body types.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74556508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Negra Hadžić Metjahić, M. Vidovič, J. Cakar, M. Dzehverovic, A. Pilav, S. Dogan, D. Marjanovic
This study was conducted to confirm preliminary anthropological research indicating the specificity of isolated Selška Valley populations and implement clear mapping of genetic distances between neighboring populations and similar "inland island" populations from the region. The sample consisted of 86 unrelated individuals born in the Selška Valley from the lowland villages (Bukovica, Ševlje, Dolenja Vas, Selca, Železniki and Zali Log) and the mountain villages (Podlonk, Prtovč, Spodnje Danje, Zgornja Sorica and Spodnja Sorica). The for mentioned 15 STR loci (D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX and FGA) were analyzed and statistical analysis was applied to determine population-genetics and forensic parameters. The frequencies of 15 STR loci from isolated populations of Slovenian villages, Slovenia, Bosnian mountain villages and Bosnia and Herzegovina were analyzed to calculate genetic distances between them. Our results confirmed a similar genetic pattern between the Selška Valley mountain villages and Slovenian general population as well as Bosnian mountain villages and general Bosnian population. Even if the sample size was relatively small and examined populations were geographically isolated, observed genetic variation within the whole population was relatively high and comparable with neighboring populations. Additional analysis proved that the Selška Valley population is genetically closest to the Slovenian and Austrian populations. On the other hand, comparison with similarly patterned populations confirmed that this population could be recognized as "inland island" population in genetic terms.
{"title":"Genetic variation study on fifteen STR loci in isolated Slovenian \"Inland Island\" human populations of the Selška Valley Region.","authors":"Negra Hadžić Metjahić, M. Vidovič, J. Cakar, M. Dzehverovic, A. Pilav, S. Dogan, D. Marjanovic","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1036","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to confirm preliminary anthropological research indicating the specificity of isolated Selška Valley populations and implement clear mapping of genetic distances between neighboring populations and similar \"inland island\" populations from the region. The sample consisted of 86 unrelated individuals born in the Selška Valley from the lowland villages (Bukovica, Ševlje, Dolenja Vas, Selca, Železniki and Zali Log) and the mountain villages (Podlonk, Prtovč, Spodnje Danje, Zgornja Sorica and Spodnja Sorica). The for mentioned 15 STR loci (D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX and FGA) were analyzed and statistical analysis was applied to determine population-genetics and forensic parameters. The frequencies of 15 STR loci from isolated populations of Slovenian villages, Slovenia, Bosnian mountain villages and Bosnia and Herzegovina were analyzed to calculate genetic distances between them. Our results confirmed a similar genetic pattern between the Selška Valley mountain villages and Slovenian general population as well as Bosnian mountain villages and general Bosnian population. Even if the sample size was relatively small and examined populations were geographically isolated, observed genetic variation within the whole population was relatively high and comparable with neighboring populations. Additional analysis proved that the Selška Valley population is genetically closest to the Slovenian and Austrian populations. On the other hand, comparison with similarly patterned populations confirmed that this population could be recognized as \"inland island\" population in genetic terms.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81788940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Licata, M. Motto, B. Grassi, P. Badino, S. Iorio
Much of the recent archaeological and anthropological research on Italian modern age secondary burials has focused primarily on source analysis and the funerary context descriptions. To enable a clearer understanding of these atypical burials we need more archaeological data. To comprehend the mortuary practices it is necessary to investigate the surviving funeral monuments, burials and human remains. In fact, through the correct analysis of cultural material and human remains, it is possible to highlight the taphonomic changes of the corpse experiences during the entire ritual process. This will allow us to reconstruct the modality of body treatment in the funeral ritual. Now, we know partially the diffusion of the secondary burial ritual in southern Italy, but in northern Italy, it is lesser known. In this paper, we report the results of the archaeological and anthropological investigations conducted inside the Crypt of the Franciscan Monastery of Azzio (Varese, northern Italy). In the hypogeal funerary chamber, the corpses were temporarily deposed in seat-niches. This type of burial recalls the sitting colatois (masonry seat with a hole in the center), known in Naples as "cantarelle" and largely present in southern Italy. Throughout archaeological, anthropological and historical investigations, we tried to reconstruct the ritual adopted by the Friars and to better understand the ties with other northern and southern Italian testimonies. After our investigations, we received several notices of other similar funerary monuments in northern Italy that would be worth investigating.
{"title":"The space of man's death. A modern age secondary burial case in northern Italy.","authors":"M. Licata, M. Motto, B. Grassi, P. Badino, S. Iorio","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1077","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the recent archaeological and anthropological research on Italian modern age secondary burials has focused primarily on source analysis and the funerary context descriptions. To enable a clearer understanding of these atypical burials we need more archaeological data. To comprehend the mortuary practices it is necessary to investigate the surviving funeral monuments, burials and human remains. In fact, through the correct analysis of cultural material and human remains, it is possible to highlight the taphonomic changes of the corpse experiences during the entire ritual process. This will allow us to reconstruct the modality of body treatment in the funeral ritual. Now, we know partially the diffusion of the secondary burial ritual in southern Italy, but in northern Italy, it is lesser known. In this paper, we report the results of the archaeological and anthropological investigations conducted inside the Crypt of the Franciscan Monastery of Azzio (Varese, northern Italy). In the hypogeal funerary chamber, the corpses were temporarily deposed in seat-niches. This type of burial recalls the sitting colatois (masonry seat with a hole in the center), known in Naples as \"cantarelle\" and largely present in southern Italy. Throughout archaeological, anthropological and historical investigations, we tried to reconstruct the ritual adopted by the Friars and to better understand the ties with other northern and southern Italian testimonies. After our investigations, we received several notices of other similar funerary monuments in northern Italy that would be worth investigating.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87475357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Burdukiewicz, J. Pietraszewska, Justyna Andrzejewska, Aleksandra Stachoń, M. Lijewski
Compared to previous surveys, the current model of elite-level athlete is significantly different. The aim of this work was to examine the secular trends in the body dimensions of professional handball players using cohorts from 1977 and 2012. A range of anthropometric data was considered, including skinfold-, height-, length-, breadth-, and girth-based measures. We computed various body indices and the endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy components. Above-average height was exhibited by both cohorts, and the trends observed in body height and the other height-related variables are in line with those reported for the general population. Remaining anthropometric differences between the two cohorts can be attributed to morphological optimization, as changes in handball regulations between 1977 and 2012 modified game play dynamics and therefore motor requirements. The changes in trunk and lower extremity proportions have resulted in a contemporary handball player with a lower center of mass and enhanced biomechanical conditions of movements that can translate into improved speed, change-of-direction ability, jumping, and balance skills. Additionally, an increase in upper body dimensions may be advantageous in handball due to the close contact nature of the game. Increases in bone breadths and segment girths as well as a reduction in subcutaneous fat tissue appear to be the result of systematic strength training.
{"title":"Variability in professional athletes: secular changes in the anthropometry of elite handball players.","authors":"A. Burdukiewicz, J. Pietraszewska, Justyna Andrzejewska, Aleksandra Stachoń, M. Lijewski","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1050","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to previous surveys, the current model of elite-level athlete is significantly different. The aim of this work was to examine the secular trends in the body dimensions of professional handball players using cohorts from 1977 and 2012. A range of anthropometric data was considered, including skinfold-, height-, length-, breadth-, and girth-based measures. We computed various body indices and the endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy components. Above-average height was exhibited by both cohorts, and the trends observed in body height and the other height-related variables are in line with those reported for the general population. Remaining anthropometric differences between the two cohorts can be attributed to morphological optimization, as changes in handball regulations between 1977 and 2012 modified game play dynamics and therefore motor requirements. The changes in trunk and lower extremity proportions have resulted in a contemporary handball player with a lower center of mass and enhanced biomechanical conditions of movements that can translate into improved speed, change-of-direction ability, jumping, and balance skills. Additionally, an increase in upper body dimensions may be advantageous in handball due to the close contact nature of the game. Increases in bone breadths and segment girths as well as a reduction in subcutaneous fat tissue appear to be the result of systematic strength training.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"71 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72394169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. R. Herrera-Atoche, Ana Maria Ríos-Muñoz, Dalia Amelia Sardaneta-Escudero, G. Colomé-Ruiz, A. Cucina
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of anatomical variants of maxillary lateral incisors in archaeological and modern populations from the Maya region. Both populations were derived from the state of Yucatan, Mexico. The archaeological sample consisted of human remains representing 122 individuals from the ancient Maya archaeological site of Xcambo (AD 250-700). The modern sample consisted of 475 dental models from the municipality of Tahdziú, Yucatan. The anatomical variants evaluated included microdontia, barrel-shaped incisors, and talon cusp. The prevalence of each anatomical variant for each population was calculated and compared (Fisher p < 0.05). The prevalence of anatomical variants was 15.57% (n = 19) in the archaeological sample and 14.11% (n = 67) in the modern one; the difference was not significant (p = 0.666). When compared by specific anatomical variants, a significant (p = 0.013) association was observed for microdontia: 2.45% (n = 3) in the archaeological population and 9.05% (n = 43) in the modern population. Barrel-shaped incisors (p = 0.522) and talon cusp (p = 0.466) did not exhibit significant associations. The overall prevalence of anatomical variants in the maxillary lateral incisors in this region has not changed. The prevalence of microdontia has increased over the last 1500 years, and different microevolutionary processes may be called into question for such change.
{"title":"Anatomical variations of maxillary lateral incisors: A comparative analysis of archaeological and modern populations from the Yucatan peninsula.","authors":"J. R. Herrera-Atoche, Ana Maria Ríos-Muñoz, Dalia Amelia Sardaneta-Escudero, G. Colomé-Ruiz, A. Cucina","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1039","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of anatomical variants of maxillary lateral incisors in archaeological and modern populations from the Maya region. Both populations were derived from the state of Yucatan, Mexico. The archaeological sample consisted of human remains representing 122 individuals from the ancient Maya archaeological site of Xcambo (AD 250-700). The modern sample consisted of 475 dental models from the municipality of Tahdziú, Yucatan. The anatomical variants evaluated included microdontia, barrel-shaped incisors, and talon cusp. The prevalence of each anatomical variant for each population was calculated and compared (Fisher p < 0.05). The prevalence of anatomical variants was 15.57% (n = 19) in the archaeological sample and 14.11% (n = 67) in the modern one; the difference was not significant (p = 0.666). When compared by specific anatomical variants, a significant (p = 0.013) association was observed for microdontia: 2.45% (n = 3) in the archaeological population and 9.05% (n = 43) in the modern population. Barrel-shaped incisors (p = 0.522) and talon cusp (p = 0.466) did not exhibit significant associations. The overall prevalence of anatomical variants in the maxillary lateral incisors in this region has not changed. The prevalence of microdontia has increased over the last 1500 years, and different microevolutionary processes may be called into question for such change.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91197707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, E. Miśta-Jakubowska, J. Milczarek, P. Tulik, I. Fijał-Kirejczyk
X-ray radiography (XR) is a standard imaging tool in human osteology. Here we compare a series of human bone and tooth images taken using both X-ray and thermal neutron radiography (TNR) to identify the possible applications of the latter method. The TNR imaging is superior in case of bones contaminated with soil, and combined TNR and XR images may be used to find the areas with high proportion of organic fraction (i.e., collagen) in bone and dentin.
{"title":"Neutron radiography as a diagnostic tool in human osteology.","authors":"Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, E. Miśta-Jakubowska, J. Milczarek, P. Tulik, I. Fijał-Kirejczyk","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1115","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray radiography (XR) is a standard imaging tool in human osteology. Here we compare a series of human bone and tooth images taken using both X-ray and thermal neutron radiography (TNR) to identify the possible applications of the latter method. The TNR imaging is superior in case of bones contaminated with soil, and combined TNR and XR images may be used to find the areas with high proportion of organic fraction (i.e., collagen) in bone and dentin.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75143484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia López-Morago, Enrique J Estéve, I. Alemán, Miguel C. Botella
Despite the high mortality that have been associated with pregnancy and childbirth in past populations, few cases of the remains of pregnant women burials are described in the bioarchaeological reports. This paper is focused on the case of a double inhumation found in the Medieval Muslim Necropolis (11th to 15th centuries) of Sahl ben Malik in Granada (Spain). A complete skeleton of a woman and the skeletal remains of a full-term fetus located under the mother's left femur, were discovered in this burial. None of the evidence for the mother was decisive in determining the cause of death. However, evidence of physiological stress in the woman and possible gynecological complications may have contributed to the death of both individuals. The link between the individuals and their cause of death is examined, discussed and compared with similar archaeological records.
尽管在过去的人口中，与怀孕和分娩有关的死亡率很高，但生物考古报告中很少描述孕妇遗体埋葬的情况。本文主要研究了在西班牙格拉纳达(Granada)的Sahl ben Malik的中世纪穆斯林墓地(11至15世纪)发现的双重尸体。在这次埋葬中发现了一具完整的女性骨架和一个足月胎儿的骨骼残骸，位于母亲的左股骨下方。母亲的任何证据都不能决定性地确定死因。然而，有证据表明，这名妇女的生理压力和可能的妇科并发症可能是导致两人死亡的原因。对这些人与死因之间的联系进行了检查、讨论，并与类似的考古记录进行了比较。
{"title":"Double inhumation in the Medieval Islamic Necropolis of Sahl ben Malik in Granada (Spain).","authors":"Claudia López-Morago, Enrique J Estéve, I. Alemán, Miguel C. Botella","doi":"10.1127/HOMO/2019/1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/HOMO/2019/1013","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the high mortality that have been associated with pregnancy and childbirth in past populations, few cases of the remains of pregnant women burials are described in the bioarchaeological reports. This paper is focused on the case of a double inhumation found in the Medieval Muslim Necropolis (11th to 15th centuries) of Sahl ben Malik in Granada (Spain). A complete skeleton of a woman and the skeletal remains of a full-term fetus located under the mother's left femur, were discovered in this burial. None of the evidence for the mother was decisive in determining the cause of death. However, evidence of physiological stress in the woman and possible gynecological complications may have contributed to the death of both individuals. The link between the individuals and their cause of death is examined, discussed and compared with similar archaeological records.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85467093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Pires, T. Leite, A. Fonseca Junior, M. Babinski, C. Chagas
The olecranon aperture is an anatomical variant of the humerus that communicates the olecranon fossa with the coronoid fossa. It is also known as the supratrochlear foramen. Older anatomical textbooks refer to it as a rare variation caused by the perforation of the thin bony plate which separates both fossae. This anatomical variant may be confused as an osteolytic lesion of the humerus in radiographic images. The present work aims to perform a meta-analysis of the olecranon aperture. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using I2 estimation and the Cochran Q statistic test. A random effect model was used for all analyses. A total of sixty-one studies (20,338 humeri) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of the olecranon aperture was 21.9% (95% confidence interval: 18.6% to 25.3%). This variant was more commonly found in female than in male bones (statistically significant difference). The olecranon aperture is a common anatomical variant among the general population, although individuals from Africa possess a higher predisposition to develop it. The name supratrochlear foramen is incorrect, as foramina are conduit to vessels or nerves, as such, we propose the term olecranon aperture.
{"title":"The olecranon aperture of the humerus: a meta-analysis with anthropological and clinical discussion.","authors":"L. Pires, T. Leite, A. Fonseca Junior, M. Babinski, C. Chagas","doi":"10.1127/HOMO/2019/1025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/HOMO/2019/1025","url":null,"abstract":"The olecranon aperture is an anatomical variant of the humerus that communicates the olecranon fossa with the coronoid fossa. It is also known as the supratrochlear foramen. Older anatomical textbooks refer to it as a rare variation caused by the perforation of the thin bony plate which separates both fossae. This anatomical variant may be confused as an osteolytic lesion of the humerus in radiographic images. The present work aims to perform a meta-analysis of the olecranon aperture. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using I2 estimation and the Cochran Q statistic test. A random effect model was used for all analyses. A total of sixty-one studies (20,338 humeri) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of the olecranon aperture was 21.9% (95% confidence interval: 18.6% to 25.3%). This variant was more commonly found in female than in male bones (statistically significant difference). The olecranon aperture is a common anatomical variant among the general population, although individuals from Africa possess a higher predisposition to develop it. The name supratrochlear foramen is incorrect, as foramina are conduit to vessels or nerves, as such, we propose the term olecranon aperture.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"52 1","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88420327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：