This work aimed to study the variability in location of the asterion in a Polish population, which may be important for both surgical and anthropological procedures. In surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa, the asterion is of great importance as a reference landmark. Its accurate localization may be impeded by the presence of additional, irregular sutural bones. Dry adult human skulls (n = 113, 60.2% male and 39.8% female) were analyzed for asterion location in relation to the reference points (mastoidale, bregma, porion, inion, lambda, opisthion). The asterion exhibits wide variation in location. The range of ± 2 SD of measured distances demonstrated broad variation intra and interindividually (15.9-27.8 mm for male skulls and 13.1-24.6 mm for female skulls). Distances from the asterion to the reference landmarks were longer for males compared to females (p < 0.05), and some distances were longer for people of lower socioeconomic status. Because of its lesser variation, measurements to three reference landmarks (mastoidale, bregma and frontotemporale) may be particularly important for surgical purposes. Defining accurately the safe area for asterion is important but problematic. Because of the complex relations between bony landmarks, preoperative imaging assistance is required, and the asterion should only be used as auxiliary, not as a key superficial cranial landmark in surgical interventions.
{"title":"Asterion localization - variability of the location for surgical and anthropological relevance.","authors":"A. Tomaszewska, Agata Bisiecka, Ł. Pawelec","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1124","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to study the variability in location of the asterion in a Polish population, which may be important for both surgical and anthropological procedures. In surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa, the asterion is of great importance as a reference landmark. Its accurate localization may be impeded by the presence of additional, irregular sutural bones. Dry adult human skulls (n = 113, 60.2% male and 39.8% female) were analyzed for asterion location in relation to the reference points (mastoidale, bregma, porion, inion, lambda, opisthion). The asterion exhibits wide variation in location. The range of ± 2 SD of measured distances demonstrated broad variation intra and interindividually (15.9-27.8 mm for male skulls and 13.1-24.6 mm for female skulls). Distances from the asterion to the reference landmarks were longer for males compared to females (p < 0.05), and some distances were longer for people of lower socioeconomic status. Because of its lesser variation, measurements to three reference landmarks (mastoidale, bregma and frontotemporale) may be particularly important for surgical purposes. Defining accurately the safe area for asterion is important but problematic. Because of the complex relations between bony landmarks, preoperative imaging assistance is required, and the asterion should only be used as auxiliary, not as a key superficial cranial landmark in surgical interventions.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72515777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Hromatko, M. Tadinac, N. Jokić-begić, Anita Lauri-Korajlija, L. Kotrulja
One of the issues within the framework of Darwinian medicine is why individuals develop the specific disease they do. Ethologists have long known that within any given population, there are organisms with the tendency towards higher (Hawks) or lower (Doves) aggressiveness, and since the physiological responses to stressful events are different in Hawks and Doves, it has been suggested that these strategies might be related to health outcomes. The aims of this exploratory study were to determine whether an analogues of Hawks and Doves as basic coping strategies could be defined among chronically ill patients and healthy controls and whether the proportion of Hawks and Doves differs among different groups of patients. Patients from several clinical departments (dermatology, gastroenterology and psychiatry) and a comparable group of healthy participants were recruited (N = 288). Based on their coping style and anxiety trait, they were categorized as either Hawks (low anxiety trait and problem-oriented coping style) or Doves (high anxiety trait and avoidant coping style). We found a significantly larger proportion of Hawks among patients with gastroenterological and dermatologic symptoms, and significantly more Doves among psychiatric patients. The proportion of Hawks and Doves in healthy controls was close to 50:50. This is in accordance with the notion that Hawks and Doves have different allostatic load management, and that the onset of certain diseases might be related to these strategies. However, prospective longitudinal studies are necessary to reach definite conclusions regarding the susceptibility to certain diseases among people with different stress-related behavioral and emotional strategies.
{"title":"Evolutionary medicine perspective on coping style and health outcomes: an exploratory study.","authors":"Ivana Hromatko, M. Tadinac, N. Jokić-begić, Anita Lauri-Korajlija, L. Kotrulja","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1094","url":null,"abstract":"One of the issues within the framework of Darwinian medicine is why individuals develop the specific disease they do. Ethologists have long known that within any given population, there are organisms with the tendency towards higher (Hawks) or lower (Doves) aggressiveness, and since the physiological responses to stressful events are different in Hawks and Doves, it has been suggested that these strategies might be related to health outcomes. The aims of this exploratory study were to determine whether an analogues of Hawks and Doves as basic coping strategies could be defined among chronically ill patients and healthy controls and whether the proportion of Hawks and Doves differs among different groups of patients. Patients from several clinical departments (dermatology, gastroenterology and psychiatry) and a comparable group of healthy participants were recruited (N = 288). Based on their coping style and anxiety trait, they were categorized as either Hawks (low anxiety trait and problem-oriented coping style) or Doves (high anxiety trait and avoidant coping style). We found a significantly larger proportion of Hawks among patients with gastroenterological and dermatologic symptoms, and significantly more Doves among psychiatric patients. The proportion of Hawks and Doves in healthy controls was close to 50:50. This is in accordance with the notion that Hawks and Doves have different allostatic load management, and that the onset of certain diseases might be related to these strategies. However, prospective longitudinal studies are necessary to reach definite conclusions regarding the susceptibility to certain diseases among people with different stress-related behavioral and emotional strategies.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80891450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilaria Fiumi Sermattei, M. Traversari, P. Serventi, E. Cilli, G. Gruppioni, L. Tomassini, S. Benazzi, F. Galassi
Although the practice of autopsy on the Pope's corpse was performed from the 16th century, autopsy reports are only rarely analysed, and never with the aim of investigating the real causes of the death from a concomitant medical and historical point of view. Here, for the first time, we report on the discovery of new unpublished documents from the Vatican Secret Archives and their investigation by a scientific and inter-disciplinary approach. This analysis allows us to draw new conclusions on the true cause of Leo XII's mysterious death. His sudden death, that occurred on February 10th, 1829 after a short illness, particularly struck the public. Suspicions of poisoning or surgeon's guilt or inexperience and even the shadow of a venereal disease, contributed to create a "black legend" on his pontificate and death. On the contrary, the present paleopathographic analysis points toward a new conclusion. The regular use of catheterization with a silver syringe provided an easy access for bacterial superinfection, confirmed by the observed early emphysematous stage of the corpse. So, the most substantiated hypothesis concerning the cause of Leo XII's death indicates a severe form of sepsis, exacerbated by a weakened state due to chronic hemorrhoids.
{"title":"Pope Leo XII's death: the twist to a longstanding dispute by novel historical documents and paleopathographic analysis.","authors":"Ilaria Fiumi Sermattei, M. Traversari, P. Serventi, E. Cilli, G. Gruppioni, L. Tomassini, S. Benazzi, F. Galassi","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1138","url":null,"abstract":"Although the practice of autopsy on the Pope's corpse was performed from the 16th century, autopsy reports are only rarely analysed, and never with the aim of investigating the real causes of the death from a concomitant medical and historical point of view. Here, for the first time, we report on the discovery of new unpublished documents from the Vatican Secret Archives and their investigation by a scientific and inter-disciplinary approach. This analysis allows us to draw new conclusions on the true cause of Leo XII's mysterious death. His sudden death, that occurred on February 10th, 1829 after a short illness, particularly struck the public. Suspicions of poisoning or surgeon's guilt or inexperience and even the shadow of a venereal disease, contributed to create a \"black legend\" on his pontificate and death. On the contrary, the present paleopathographic analysis points toward a new conclusion. The regular use of catheterization with a silver syringe provided an easy access for bacterial superinfection, confirmed by the observed early emphysematous stage of the corpse. So, the most substantiated hypothesis concerning the cause of Leo XII's death indicates a severe form of sepsis, exacerbated by a weakened state due to chronic hemorrhoids.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81744650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina Žigante, A. Pavlić, Vaska Vandevska Radunovic, Alana Mathewson, Ana Kotarac Knežević, S. Špalj
The aim was to analyze the changes in mandibular dental arch shape during adolescence and assess its relation to late mandibular incisor crowding. Longitudinal study included 68 orthodontically untreated subjects (49% female) and analyzed their data for the ages of 12, 15, 18 and 21 years. Measurements included anterior arch depth, intercanine, interpremolar/anterior and intermolar/posterior width, Little's Irregularity and Bolton's index and the ratio between anterior arch depth and width. Males had significantly greater posterior widths than females at any age (p < 0.05). The anterior arch depth continuously decreased (p < 0.05), while width increased after the age of 18 years. Mandibular incisor crowding increased during all investigated periods (p < 0.05). The increase of intercanine width at 12-21 years of age reduced the risk for mandibular incisor crowding in the same period by 74% (OR: 0.265: 95% CI 0.076-0.931; p = 0.045). The shape of mandibular dental arch continues to change during adolescence becoming more squared while mandibular incisor crowding increases. The increase in mandibular intercanine width reduces the risk of crowding.
{"title":"Changes of mandibular dental arch shape during adolescence and its influence on late mandibular incisor crowding.","authors":"Martina Žigante, A. Pavlić, Vaska Vandevska Radunovic, Alana Mathewson, Ana Kotarac Knežević, S. Špalj","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1070","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to analyze the changes in mandibular dental arch shape during adolescence and assess its relation to late mandibular incisor crowding. Longitudinal study included 68 orthodontically untreated subjects (49% female) and analyzed their data for the ages of 12, 15, 18 and 21 years. Measurements included anterior arch depth, intercanine, interpremolar/anterior and intermolar/posterior width, Little's Irregularity and Bolton's index and the ratio between anterior arch depth and width. Males had significantly greater posterior widths than females at any age (p < 0.05). The anterior arch depth continuously decreased (p < 0.05), while width increased after the age of 18 years. Mandibular incisor crowding increased during all investigated periods (p < 0.05). The increase of intercanine width at 12-21 years of age reduced the risk for mandibular incisor crowding in the same period by 74% (OR: 0.265: 95% CI 0.076-0.931; p = 0.045). The shape of mandibular dental arch continues to change during adolescence becoming more squared while mandibular incisor crowding increases. The increase in mandibular intercanine width reduces the risk of crowding.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83381647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ancient Egyptians experienced a vast increase in population size following the Neolithic Revolution. Nomadic hunter-gatherer groups gradually adopted agriculture as their primary food subsistence strategy. Analyses of human societies shifting from foragers to farmers have provided evidence which suggests this transition is linked with an increase in disease and allostatic load. This paper presents an examination of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis prevalence in Predynastic and Dynastic Egyptians using public health evidence as a means to interpret the skeletal findings. The sample included 219 individuals from the regions of Naga-ed-Dêr, Mesheikh, Giza, and potentially El-Ahaiwah. The aim of this study was to identify significant differences of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis across time and sex. Application of a Fisher-Freeman-Halton's test indicated there were no differences in prevalence of cribra orbitalia or porotic hyperostosis between the Predynastic and Dynastic, nor were there differences between the sexes. The results of this study did not produce any evidence for an epidemiological shift to have occurred in post-agricultural Egypt. Further, the most likely explanation of the pattern of disease stems from a parasitic model of infection.
{"title":"Ancient Egyptian health: the prevalence of anemia at the origins of agriculture and state level society.","authors":"K. A. Lopez, K. Godde","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1089","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient Egyptians experienced a vast increase in population size following the Neolithic Revolution. Nomadic hunter-gatherer groups gradually adopted agriculture as their primary food subsistence strategy. Analyses of human societies shifting from foragers to farmers have provided evidence which suggests this transition is linked with an increase in disease and allostatic load. This paper presents an examination of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis prevalence in Predynastic and Dynastic Egyptians using public health evidence as a means to interpret the skeletal findings. The sample included 219 individuals from the regions of Naga-ed-Dêr, Mesheikh, Giza, and potentially El-Ahaiwah. The aim of this study was to identify significant differences of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis across time and sex. Application of a Fisher-Freeman-Halton's test indicated there were no differences in prevalence of cribra orbitalia or porotic hyperostosis between the Predynastic and Dynastic, nor were there differences between the sexes. The results of this study did not produce any evidence for an epidemiological shift to have occurred in post-agricultural Egypt. Further, the most likely explanation of the pattern of disease stems from a parasitic model of infection.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91225409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of genetic information for anthropological purposes requires an effort by the researcher to deal with the ethical issues that may arise. In some cases, these can lead to rather complex relationships between anthropologists and communities. The transparency of the research protocol is a fundamental requirement in order to establish a relationship based on trust and to conduct investigations in the most ethically sustainable way. In addition, researchers must take into consideration further aspects regarding the indigenous conceptions of corporeity, memory and history. Knowledge of these characteristics can help in the interpretation of results produced by the geneticists, and constitute a series of social, political and cultural responses. By involving the communities being investigated and engaging in a frequent and fruitful dialogue with their members will make it possible for anthropologists to learn more and also provide useful answers for the populations themselves.
{"title":"The ethics of investigating cultural and genetic diversity of minority groups.","authors":"M. Capocasa, Laura Volpi","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1095","url":null,"abstract":"The use of genetic information for anthropological purposes requires an effort by the researcher to deal with the ethical issues that may arise. In some cases, these can lead to rather complex relationships between anthropologists and communities. The transparency of the research protocol is a fundamental requirement in order to establish a relationship based on trust and to conduct investigations in the most ethically sustainable way. In addition, researchers must take into consideration further aspects regarding the indigenous conceptions of corporeity, memory and history. Knowledge of these characteristics can help in the interpretation of results produced by the geneticists, and constitute a series of social, political and cultural responses. By involving the communities being investigated and engaging in a frequent and fruitful dialogue with their members will make it possible for anthropologists to learn more and also provide useful answers for the populations themselves.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79763771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Balázs, Zoltán Rózsa, Z. Bereczki, A. Marcsik, B. Tihanyi, K. Karlinger, Gergely Pölöskei, Erika Molnár, H. Donoghue, G. Pálfi
Orosháza site no. 10 (Southeast Hungary) contains the partially excavated archaeological remains of an 11-13th century CE Muslim merchant village and its cemetery located in close proximity to Christian villages of the same era. The skeleton of a young woman (grave no. 16) from the last phase of the cemetery use was identified with rhinomaxillary lesions associated with lepromatous leprosy. The right parietal bone also exhibited signs of cranial trauma, possibly caused by symbolic trepanation, a well-known ritual practice in the 9-11th century CE Carpathian Basin. The retrospective diagnosis of the disease was supported by ancient DNA analysis, as the samples were positive for Mycobacterium leprae aDNA, shown to be of genotype 3. Contrary to the general practice of the era, the body of the young female with severe signs of leprosy was interred among the regular graves of the Muslim cemetery in Orosháza, which may reflect the unique cultural background of the community.
{"title":"Osteoarcheological and biomolecular evidence of leprosy from an 11-13th century CE Muslim cemetery in Europe (Orosháza, Southeast Hungary).","authors":"J. Balázs, Zoltán Rózsa, Z. Bereczki, A. Marcsik, B. Tihanyi, K. Karlinger, Gergely Pölöskei, Erika Molnár, H. Donoghue, G. Pálfi","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1071","url":null,"abstract":"Orosháza site no. 10 (Southeast Hungary) contains the partially excavated archaeological remains of an 11-13th century CE Muslim merchant village and its cemetery located in close proximity to Christian villages of the same era. The skeleton of a young woman (grave no. 16) from the last phase of the cemetery use was identified with rhinomaxillary lesions associated with lepromatous leprosy. The right parietal bone also exhibited signs of cranial trauma, possibly caused by symbolic trepanation, a well-known ritual practice in the 9-11th century CE Carpathian Basin. The retrospective diagnosis of the disease was supported by ancient DNA analysis, as the samples were positive for Mycobacterium leprae aDNA, shown to be of genotype 3. Contrary to the general practice of the era, the body of the young female with severe signs of leprosy was interred among the regular graves of the Muslim cemetery in Orosháza, which may reflect the unique cultural background of the community.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"600 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77248857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following study was designed to find out the association of the mid-upper arm body composition and body mass index (BMI) with depressive symptoms among the old age home based (group 1) and family based elderly (group 2) subjects. In group 1 elderly males, 51.5% were showing mild depressive symptoms and 17% were showing moderate to severe depressive symptoms. On the other hand, among group 2 elderly males, prevalence of mild depressive symptoms was in 27% and moderate to severe depressive symptoms was in 4.5% of the subjects. Among elderly with and without depressive symptoms, BMI, waist-hip ratio (WHR), arm muscle circumference (AMC), arm muscle area (AMA), arm fat area (AFA), fat mass (FM), muscle mass and bone mass were significantly (p < 0.01) lesser among group 1 as compared to group 2. Among group 1, the AFA (R2 change = 0.178), AMC (R2 change = 0.035), AMA (R2 change = 0.032), FM (R2 change = 0.022) and muscle mass (R2 change = 0.019) have highest contribution to the variance of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, BMI (R2 change = 0.04) and WHR (R2 change = 0.03) had the highest, though small, contribution to the variance of depressive symptoms among group 2. The upper arm body composition indices were better indicator of depressive symptoms in group 1, and BMI and WHR were better indicators of depressive symptoms in group 2. Therefore, among group 1 subjects, the upper arm body composition indices prove to be better regular health monitoring indices as compared to traditionally used BMI and WHR.
{"title":"Association of body mass index and upper arm body composition with depressive symptoms in old age home and family based elderly.","authors":"K. Singh, S. Singh, G. Kaur, K. Bose","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1054","url":null,"abstract":"The following study was designed to find out the association of the mid-upper arm body composition and body mass index (BMI) with depressive symptoms among the old age home based (group 1) and family based elderly (group 2) subjects. In group 1 elderly males, 51.5% were showing mild depressive symptoms and 17% were showing moderate to severe depressive symptoms. On the other hand, among group 2 elderly males, prevalence of mild depressive symptoms was in 27% and moderate to severe depressive symptoms was in 4.5% of the subjects. Among elderly with and without depressive symptoms, BMI, waist-hip ratio (WHR), arm muscle circumference (AMC), arm muscle area (AMA), arm fat area (AFA), fat mass (FM), muscle mass and bone mass were significantly (p < 0.01) lesser among group 1 as compared to group 2. Among group 1, the AFA (R2 change = 0.178), AMC (R2 change = 0.035), AMA (R2 change = 0.032), FM (R2 change = 0.022) and muscle mass (R2 change = 0.019) have highest contribution to the variance of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, BMI (R2 change = 0.04) and WHR (R2 change = 0.03) had the highest, though small, contribution to the variance of depressive symptoms among group 2. The upper arm body composition indices were better indicator of depressive symptoms in group 1, and BMI and WHR were better indicators of depressive symptoms in group 2. Therefore, among group 1 subjects, the upper arm body composition indices prove to be better regular health monitoring indices as compared to traditionally used BMI and WHR.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75625384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruining Li, Yuxuan Fan, Yaming Liu, Ðorđe Antonijević, Zhiyu Li, M. Djuric, Yifang Fan
The collection of 1550 Homo naledi fossil remains includes six tarsal and five metatarsal bones from the right foot, forming a nearly complete humanlike flat foot arch. The missing right medial cuneiform, however, raises our interest to explore the true structure of Homo naledi's foot arch. We hypothesize that Homo naledi does not have flat foot. To verify our hypothesis, the left medial cuneiform of Homo naledi was mirrored using three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual model analysis. Then, we defined quantities of Euler, standardized the body coordinate system of foot bone and developed a new foot arch reconstruction method based on discrete bones. The reconstructed transverse foot arch corroborated our hypothesis, thus providing biomechanical evidence for interpreting the evolution of human locomotion and bringing novel ideas to the research of the biomechanical mechanism of ankle stability.
{"title":"Homo naledi did not have flat foot.","authors":"Ruining Li, Yuxuan Fan, Yaming Liu, Ðorđe Antonijević, Zhiyu Li, M. Djuric, Yifang Fan","doi":"10.1127/homo/2019/1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/homo/2019/1059","url":null,"abstract":"The collection of 1550 Homo naledi fossil remains includes six tarsal and five metatarsal bones from the right foot, forming a nearly complete humanlike flat foot arch. The missing right medial cuneiform, however, raises our interest to explore the true structure of Homo naledi's foot arch. We hypothesize that Homo naledi does not have flat foot. To verify our hypothesis, the left medial cuneiform of Homo naledi was mirrored using three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual model analysis. Then, we defined quantities of Euler, standardized the body coordinate system of foot bone and developed a new foot arch reconstruction method based on discrete bones. The reconstructed transverse foot arch corroborated our hypothesis, thus providing biomechanical evidence for interpreting the evolution of human locomotion and bringing novel ideas to the research of the biomechanical mechanism of ankle stability.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82677786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Podstawski, K. Borysławski, J. Laukkanen, C. Clark, D. Choszcz
Little is known about the effect of prolonged thermal stress on the physiological parameters of young and sedentary men. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of prolonged thermal stress on the physiological parameters of young men and the correlations with somatic features and body composition parameters. Forty-two sedentary men aged 20.24 ± 1.68 years were exposed to 10-, 12- and 14-minute sauna sessions (temperature: 90-91 °C; relative humidity: 14-16%). The participants' body composition parameters were determined pre-sauna exposure, and their body mass and blood pressure were measured pre and post-sauna treatment. Physiological parameters were monitored during each sauna session. Heart rate, energy expenditure, oxygen uptake, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, respiratory rate, and blood pressure differed significantly between 10-, 12- and 14-minute sauna sessions. The increase in physiological parameters during sauna sessions (10, 12 and 14 minutes, respectively) was not significantly correlated with somatic features or body composition parameters. The only exception were the values of blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), which were significantly correlated with body mass, body mass index, body surface area, waist-hip ratio and the initial values of blood pressure pre-sauna exposure. Every additional two minutes of exposure to thermal stress induces significant changes in the physiological parameters of young and sedentary men. Whilst changes in physiological parameters following heat exposure are not significantly correlated with somatic features or body composition parameters, excluding blood pressure. Given the marked physiological changes observed in this study, it is recommended that sauna bathing of longer durations be investigated in order to elucidate the thermal stress response among varying body types.
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