Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.4.3255
Stefano Manzo, Yan Dong, Simona Miraglia, K. B. Salling
Transport cost-benefit analysis frameworks do not consider the environmental impacts deriving from the life cycle of the transport system’s components. This leads to an inaccurate representation of the environmental impacts of transport projects, which can be instead more thoroughly represented by life cycle assessment methods. In the present study, we describe a transport cost-benefit analysis model combined with a life cycle assessment module developed based on life cycle ReCiPe 2016 methodology. The suggested approach makes it possible to include the life cycle impacts on human health, ecosystem and natural resource depletion in the project assessment. We discuss the methodological issues of combining cost-benefit analysis and life cycle assessment in transport appraisals. We illustrate the results from the application of the model to a transport case study related to the construction of a new fixed link across the Roskilde Fjord in Frederikssund (Denmark). The analysis shows that the environmental impacts deriving from the life cycle of the system components notably affect the key indicators of the model output, such as benefit-cost ratio and net present value. The results from the model are then tested through sensitivity analysis related to some of the assumptions made for the study. The study concludes that the inclusion of life cycle impacts in transport cost-benefit frameworks allows taking into account environmental costs and benefits otherwise not accounted for, thereby providing to the decision makers a more exhaustive information about the environmental impacts of the project.
{"title":"How the inclusion of life cycle impacts affects transport cost-benefit analysis","authors":"Stefano Manzo, Yan Dong, Simona Miraglia, K. B. Salling","doi":"10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.4.3255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.4.3255","url":null,"abstract":"Transport cost-benefit analysis frameworks do not consider the environmental impacts deriving from the life cycle of the transport system’s components. This leads to an inaccurate representation of the environmental impacts of transport projects, which can be instead more thoroughly represented by life cycle assessment methods. In the present study, we describe a transport cost-benefit analysis model combined with a life cycle assessment module developed based on life cycle ReCiPe 2016 methodology. The suggested approach makes it possible to include the life cycle impacts on human health, ecosystem and natural resource depletion in the project assessment. We discuss the methodological issues of combining cost-benefit analysis and life cycle assessment in transport appraisals. We illustrate the results from the application of the model to a transport case study related to the construction of a new fixed link across the Roskilde Fjord in Frederikssund (Denmark). The analysis shows that the environmental impacts deriving from the life cycle of the system components notably affect the key indicators of the model output, such as benefit-cost ratio and net present value. The results from the model are then tested through sensitivity analysis related to some of the assumptions made for the study. The study concludes that the inclusion of life cycle impacts in transport cost-benefit frameworks allows taking into account environmental costs and benefits otherwise not accounted for, thereby providing to the decision makers a more exhaustive information about the environmental impacts of the project.","PeriodicalId":46721,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42902815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.4.3264
Eleni Moschouli, Raden Murwantara Soecipto, T. Vanelslander, K. Verhoest
The research objective of this paper is to identify the key factors that affect the cost performance of all types of transport infrastructure projects. The method used is the fuzzy set QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (fs QCA), which allows identifying combinations of factors that affect the cost performance. Results show that 30% of the projects, which are on cost, are explained by a good institutional context, a high ability to save costs, high revenue robustness, high transport market efficiency and acceptability and a mostly public financing scheme as core conditions, combined with good governance as peripheral condition. Also, 29% of the projects, which are over cost, are explained by an unfavourable financial-economic context and mostly a private financing scheme as core conditions, combined with inadequate governance as a peripheral condition. In the on-cost analysis, financing scheme and governance appear to be ‘positive’, while in the over-cost analysis, they appear to be ‘negative’, thus acting consistently and showing their importance, since they contribute respectively to the achievement or not of the cost target. These results can provide useful lessons to academics, practitioners, policy makers and all other stakeholders involved in transport infrastructure projects.
{"title":"Factors affecting the cost performance of transport infrastructure projects","authors":"Eleni Moschouli, Raden Murwantara Soecipto, T. Vanelslander, K. Verhoest","doi":"10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.4.3264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.4.3264","url":null,"abstract":"The research objective of this paper is to identify the key factors that affect the cost performance of all types of transport infrastructure projects. The method used is the fuzzy set QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (fs QCA), which allows identifying combinations of factors that affect the cost performance. Results show that 30% of the projects, which are on cost, are explained by a good institutional context, a high ability to save costs, high revenue robustness, high transport market efficiency and acceptability and a mostly public financing scheme as core conditions, combined with good governance as peripheral condition. Also, 29% of the projects, which are over cost, are explained by an unfavourable financial-economic context and mostly a private financing scheme as core conditions, combined with inadequate governance as a peripheral condition. In the on-cost analysis, financing scheme and governance appear to be ‘positive’, while in the over-cost analysis, they appear to be ‘negative’, thus acting consistently and showing their importance, since they contribute respectively to the achievement or not of the cost target. These results can provide useful lessons to academics, practitioners, policy makers and all other stakeholders involved in transport infrastructure projects.","PeriodicalId":46721,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49378026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.34143/jtr.2018.25.3.15
Justin Sueun Chang
{"title":"Analyzing Travel Time Budgets Using the Korean Time Use Survey Data","authors":"Justin Sueun Chang","doi":"10.34143/jtr.2018.25.3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34143/jtr.2018.25.3.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46721,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75052053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.4.3257
Harald Bergland, P. A. Pedersen
Our object of study is welfare optimal driving time regulations in professional road transportation. Due to fatigue, traffic accident risks are supposed to increase as driving times rise. Conversely, the quantity and quality of road infrastructure affect productivity and safety in transportation positively. As the typical driver does not bear all the social costs when accidents happen, in the absence of public regulation, she has an incentive to drive too many hours. Hence, we present two types of public regulatory tools: a uniform driving time restriction and a uniform tax. We then compare the likely outcomes of these regulations (second-best policies) with the welfare optimal (first-best) solution. Moreover, as driving time restrictions are commonly applied worldwide, we study the problem of implementing such prescriptions. When public authorities choose optimal resources in driving time restrictions, the detection of the flouting of these restrictions and the penalty levels for non-compliance, the welfare gains involved must balance the direct and indirect enforcement costs. For example, it follows that the welfare-optimal penalty level should not be so high that the most efficient companies are always forced to comply with the uniform driving time restriction.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of Driving Time Regulation","authors":"Harald Bergland, P. A. Pedersen","doi":"10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.4.3257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.4.3257","url":null,"abstract":"Our object of study is welfare optimal driving time regulations in professional road transportation. Due to fatigue, traffic accident risks are supposed to increase as driving times rise. Conversely, the quantity and quality of road infrastructure affect productivity and safety in transportation positively. As the typical driver does not bear all the social costs when accidents happen, in the absence of public regulation, she has an incentive to drive too many hours. Hence, we present two types of public regulatory tools: a uniform driving time restriction and a uniform tax. We then compare the likely outcomes of these regulations (second-best policies) with the welfare optimal (first-best) solution. Moreover, as driving time restrictions are commonly applied worldwide, we study the problem of implementing such prescriptions. When public authorities choose optimal resources in driving time restrictions, the detection of the flouting of these restrictions and the penalty levels for non-compliance, the welfare gains involved must balance the direct and indirect enforcement costs. For example, it follows that the welfare-optimal penalty level should not be so high that the most efficient companies are always forced to comply with the uniform driving time restriction.","PeriodicalId":46721,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49104991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.34143/JTR.2018.25.2.47
이희원, 이지선
{"title":"Improvement Plans of Legal System Regarding Two-Wheeled Motor Vehicle Reporting System","authors":"이희원, 이지선","doi":"10.34143/JTR.2018.25.2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34143/JTR.2018.25.2.47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46721,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73991929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.34143/JTR.2018.25.2.1
최영은, Sungsoo Kim
{"title":"Values of Travel Time Reliability Revealed by Toll Road Uses","authors":"최영은, Sungsoo Kim","doi":"10.34143/JTR.2018.25.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34143/JTR.2018.25.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46721,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88521531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.34143/JTR.2018.25.2.21
김동호, Dongjoo Park, 신승진
{"title":"An Evaluation of Freight Transportation in Expressway","authors":"김동호, Dongjoo Park, 신승진","doi":"10.34143/JTR.2018.25.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34143/JTR.2018.25.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46721,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74926623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.3.3237
D. Banister
The achievement of sustainable transport is often a clearly stated objective of government policy, but in England there is no National Sustainable Transport Strategy (NSTS). This paper outlines the nature of sustainable transport arguing for a strategic approach that takes account of the means to reduce travel through substitution and shorter trips, as well as making best use of all modes and reducing reliance on carbon-based energy sources. It reviews the recent austerity phase of UK transport policy (2010-2015) where revenue support has been cut, but capital expenditure has increased, and it comments on the difficulties of making decisions on large scale transport infrastructure projects in the absence of a NSTS. The recent policy statements and initiatives on transport and sustainability are covered, looking backwards and forwards. It then takes the case of High Speed 2 (HS2) and identifies five main narratives in the debates over the arguments in support of this huge investment. It seems that sustainable transport has not been a central part of that debate, and there is a need to reframe the discussion on HS2, as part of a NSTS.
{"title":"Policy on Sustainable Transport in England: The Case of High Speed 2","authors":"D. Banister","doi":"10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.3.3237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18757/EJTIR.2018.18.3.3237","url":null,"abstract":"The achievement of sustainable transport is often a clearly stated objective of government policy, but in England there is no National Sustainable Transport Strategy (NSTS). This paper outlines the nature of sustainable transport arguing for a strategic approach that takes account of the means to reduce travel through substitution and shorter trips, as well as making best use of all modes and reducing reliance on carbon-based energy sources. It reviews the recent austerity phase of UK transport policy (2010-2015) where revenue support has been cut, but capital expenditure has increased, and it comments on the difficulties of making decisions on large scale transport infrastructure projects in the absence of a NSTS. The recent policy statements and initiatives on transport and sustainability are covered, looking backwards and forwards. It then takes the case of High Speed 2 (HS2) and identifies five main narratives in the debates over the arguments in support of this huge investment. It seems that sustainable transport has not been a central part of that debate, and there is a need to reframe the discussion on HS2, as part of a NSTS.","PeriodicalId":46721,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47002675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.34143/jtr.2018.25.2.35
Byung-doo JUNG, KWON Young In
{"title":"Evaluation of Service Level of Railway Station Parking Using Importance Satisfaction Analysis (ISA)","authors":"Byung-doo JUNG, KWON Young In","doi":"10.34143/jtr.2018.25.2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34143/jtr.2018.25.2.35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46721,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research","volume":"288 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72435682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.3929/ETHZ-B-000181072
F. Aschauer, Reinhard Hössinger, K. Axhausen, B. Schmid, R. Gerike
This paper contributes to the research on non-reporting effects in mixed-method household travel surveys (HTS) in two ways: Firstly, we compare travel activities reported in the established Austrian National HTS (ANTS) with an innovative survey approach, the so-called “MobilityActivity-Expenditure Diary” (MAED), and secondly we extend the analysis to (i) additional travel estimates and to (ii) non-travel activities. The analysis addresses three main goals: (i) identification of non-reporting effects in the HTS for travel estimates, (ii) analysis of speed-ofresponse effects on travel estimates, (iii) assessment of the completeness and accuracy of nontravel activities inferred from the trip purposes in the HTS. Underreporting in HTS occurs both on person level and on the trip level, and mainly for peak-hour trips with either short distances or short durations of the subsequent non-travel activity. No significant underreporting was found on the tour level. Speed-of-response effects are small in both surveys but significant for the ANTS. The duration of non-travel activities per activity type corresponds well in the MAEDsurvey and in the ANTS but the information in the MAED-survey is much richer. The results can be used threefold: (i) to develop correction factors that account for systematic biases in HTS, (ii) to identify omitted items (trip frequency, duration, distance etc.) if HTS data are used without correction factors, and (iii) to demonstrate the importance of high quality field work and validation.
{"title":"Implications of survey methods on travel and non-travel activities: A comparison of the Austrian national travel survey and an innovative mobility-activity-expenditure diary (MAED)","authors":"F. Aschauer, Reinhard Hössinger, K. Axhausen, B. Schmid, R. Gerike","doi":"10.3929/ETHZ-B-000181072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000181072","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the research on non-reporting effects in mixed-method household travel surveys (HTS) in two ways: Firstly, we compare travel activities reported in the established Austrian National HTS (ANTS) with an innovative survey approach, the so-called “MobilityActivity-Expenditure Diary” (MAED), and secondly we extend the analysis to (i) additional travel estimates and to (ii) non-travel activities. The analysis addresses three main goals: (i) identification of non-reporting effects in the HTS for travel estimates, (ii) analysis of speed-ofresponse effects on travel estimates, (iii) assessment of the completeness and accuracy of nontravel activities inferred from the trip purposes in the HTS. Underreporting in HTS occurs both on person level and on the trip level, and mainly for peak-hour trips with either short distances or short durations of the subsequent non-travel activity. No significant underreporting was found on the tour level. Speed-of-response effects are small in both surveys but significant for the ANTS. The duration of non-travel activities per activity type corresponds well in the MAEDsurvey and in the ANTS but the information in the MAED-survey is much richer. The results can be used threefold: (i) to develop correction factors that account for systematic biases in HTS, (ii) to identify omitted items (trip frequency, duration, distance etc.) if HTS data are used without correction factors, and (iii) to demonstrate the importance of high quality field work and validation.","PeriodicalId":46721,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"4-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43292457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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