Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2124187
M. Choi, M. Giblin
ABSTRACT National surveys show that criminal justice organizations must devote considerable energy to recruiting qualified personnel and, in some cases, they struggle to attract sufficient applicant pools. To address these problems, organizations may use salary as a means of attracting candidates. From a contingency theory perspective, pay should be higher when the demands of the work and the nature of the organizational environment serve as detractors to successful recruitment. Using data from national surveys of prosecutor offices, this study explores the relationship between salary, the environment, and the organization. Results suggest that prosecutor pay is consistently related to county cost of living and, in different analytical models, caseload, government form, community conservatism, and rurality. The implications for theory and policy are discussed.
{"title":"The environmental and organizational determinants of county prosecutor salaries","authors":"M. Choi, M. Giblin","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2124187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2124187","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT National surveys show that criminal justice organizations must devote considerable energy to recruiting qualified personnel and, in some cases, they struggle to attract sufficient applicant pools. To address these problems, organizations may use salary as a means of attracting candidates. From a contingency theory perspective, pay should be higher when the demands of the work and the nature of the organizational environment serve as detractors to successful recruitment. Using data from national surveys of prosecutor offices, this study explores the relationship between salary, the environment, and the organization. Results suggest that prosecutor pay is consistently related to county cost of living and, in different analytical models, caseload, government form, community conservatism, and rurality. The implications for theory and policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"383 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49540097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2114100
D. Evans, Victor J. St. John, Jason Szkola, Shaylyn Lyons
ABSTRACT Criminal records can have consequences for higher education attainment despite the benefits of college degrees for formerly incarcerated people. Using stratified random sampling of colleges and universities across the 50 states, this study examines how higher education institutions claim to use felony history in admission decisions, and the impact of race, geography, and institutional factors associated with these decisions. Findings indicate that admissions departments are more likely to tell an interested applicant with a stereotypical Black name and a non-violent felony record that their criminal histories will be considered in the application process compared to another prospective applicant with a stereotypical White name and non-violent felony record. Admissions departments in public institutions and institutions with higher racial diversity are less likely to consider felony history. Lastly, institutions in the former Confederate states are more likely to indicate using stringent reviews of applicants who disclose a felony compared to institutions in the former Union states. Institutions in the former border states and unincorporated states claim to be less likely to consider criminal history in the applicant review process compared to Union states. Recommendations for addressing these barriers to higher education are presented.
{"title":"Regions of discrimination: felony records, race, and expressed college admissions policies","authors":"D. Evans, Victor J. St. John, Jason Szkola, Shaylyn Lyons","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2114100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2114100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Criminal records can have consequences for higher education attainment despite the benefits of college degrees for formerly incarcerated people. Using stratified random sampling of colleges and universities across the 50 states, this study examines how higher education institutions claim to use felony history in admission decisions, and the impact of race, geography, and institutional factors associated with these decisions. Findings indicate that admissions departments are more likely to tell an interested applicant with a stereotypical Black name and a non-violent felony record that their criminal histories will be considered in the application process compared to another prospective applicant with a stereotypical White name and non-violent felony record. Admissions departments in public institutions and institutions with higher racial diversity are less likely to consider felony history. Lastly, institutions in the former Confederate states are more likely to indicate using stringent reviews of applicants who disclose a felony compared to institutions in the former Union states. Institutions in the former border states and unincorporated states claim to be less likely to consider criminal history in the applicant review process compared to Union states. Recommendations for addressing these barriers to higher education are presented.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"247 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44384947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2117727
Rhys Hester
ABSTRACT Consent waivers are a leading source of warrantless searches, although there is considerable debate whether these searches are truly knowing and voluntary. Scholars have called for Miranda-like warnings informing subjects of their right to refuse consent, which the Supreme Court has rejected. Some empirical evidence suggests that consent warnings would be ineffective, but no study evaluates the effectiveness of warnings suggested by Justice Thurgood Marshall, that police indicate a person may refuse consent and that the officer would respect their decision to decline. This study explores how the content of consent warnings might impact decisions to decline search requests. It was hypothesized that participants given Justice Marshall’s ‘I will respect your decision’ statement would be more likely to decline a request than a control group. The hypotheses were tested through an experimental design with vignettes read by 359 crowd-sourced internet participants. In two of the three scenarios participants who were given the Justice Marshall instructions (right to decline and officer would respect decision) had higher levels of refusal to assent to the search. The results suggest that in some contexts the nature of consent search warnings may make recipients less likely to waive their constitutional protections from unreasonable searches.
{"title":"Reading rights and respecting decisions: an experimental test of consent search warnings","authors":"Rhys Hester","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2117727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2117727","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Consent waivers are a leading source of warrantless searches, although there is considerable debate whether these searches are truly knowing and voluntary. Scholars have called for Miranda-like warnings informing subjects of their right to refuse consent, which the Supreme Court has rejected. Some empirical evidence suggests that consent warnings would be ineffective, but no study evaluates the effectiveness of warnings suggested by Justice Thurgood Marshall, that police indicate a person may refuse consent and that the officer would respect their decision to decline. This study explores how the content of consent warnings might impact decisions to decline search requests. It was hypothesized that participants given Justice Marshall’s ‘I will respect your decision’ statement would be more likely to decline a request than a control group. The hypotheses were tested through an experimental design with vignettes read by 359 crowd-sourced internet participants. In two of the three scenarios participants who were given the Justice Marshall instructions (right to decline and officer would respect decision) had higher levels of refusal to assent to the search. The results suggest that in some contexts the nature of consent search warnings may make recipients less likely to waive their constitutional protections from unreasonable searches.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":"282 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59525556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2117728
Thomas W. Wojciechowski
ABSTRACT Income offending presents a major criminal justice issue associated with generating financial gain through illicit means. Such crimes may cause financial harm on an individual level and lead to additional strain on our criminal justice system when criminals who engage in such offending are caught and prosecuted. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may present one mental health risk factor associated with differential development of income offending patterns across the life-course. This is because issues like low impulse control and potentially substance use habits that are often observed in PTSD may result in an increased risk for income offending among individuals with the disorder. This study sought to identify heterogeneity in income offending patterns and determine the relevance of PTSD as a risk factor. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. Group-based trajectory modeling was utilized to identify heterogeneity in developmental patterns of income offending. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relevance of PTSD as predictor of development. Results indicated that a six-group trajectory model best fit the data. Meeting criteria for a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD predicted increased risk of assignment to the High Chronic income offending group. Implications are discussed.
{"title":"Trajectories of income offending: examining PTSD as a predictor of development","authors":"Thomas W. Wojciechowski","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2117728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2117728","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Income offending presents a major criminal justice issue associated with generating financial gain through illicit means. Such crimes may cause financial harm on an individual level and lead to additional strain on our criminal justice system when criminals who engage in such offending are caught and prosecuted. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may present one mental health risk factor associated with differential development of income offending patterns across the life-course. This is because issues like low impulse control and potentially substance use habits that are often observed in PTSD may result in an increased risk for income offending among individuals with the disorder. This study sought to identify heterogeneity in income offending patterns and determine the relevance of PTSD as a risk factor. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. Group-based trajectory modeling was utilized to identify heterogeneity in developmental patterns of income offending. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relevance of PTSD as predictor of development. Results indicated that a six-group trajectory model best fit the data. Meeting criteria for a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD predicted increased risk of assignment to the High Chronic income offending group. Implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"397 - 411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43989540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Conditional release on bail is often perceived as being more humane than the harsh reality of incarceration and, as such, the deprivations it imposes remain largely unexplored. Comparing life on bail to community sanctions allows us to extend current research on the effects of living with conditions before a conviction. By asking how are the punitive effects of bail experienced, we assess the ways in which 47 individuals accused of a crime navigate release with conditions. Interviews show that experiences vary along a continuum from being ‘it’s easy man’ all the way to ‘it’s like incarceration.’ Our findings help conceptualize the experiences of ‘punitiveness’ in the context of bail and indicate both the hidden costs and benefits of conditional release.
{"title":"The paradox of pre-conviction punishment: the experience of living with bail conditions","authors":"Carolyn Yule, Rachel Schumann, Laurie Macdiarmid, Bianka Dunleavy","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2112264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2112264","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conditional release on bail is often perceived as being more humane than the harsh reality of incarceration and, as such, the deprivations it imposes remain largely unexplored. Comparing life on bail to community sanctions allows us to extend current research on the effects of living with conditions before a conviction. By asking how are the punitive effects of bail experienced, we assess the ways in which 47 individuals accused of a crime navigate release with conditions. Interviews show that experiences vary along a continuum from being ‘it’s easy man’ all the way to ‘it’s like incarceration.’ Our findings help conceptualize the experiences of ‘punitiveness’ in the context of bail and indicate both the hidden costs and benefits of conditional release.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"155 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46135642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.1080/0735648x.2022.2114099
Thom Snaphaan, Wim Hardyns, L. Pauwels
{"title":"Expanding the methodological toolkit of criminology and criminal justice with the Total Error Framework","authors":"Thom Snaphaan, Wim Hardyns, L. Pauwels","doi":"10.1080/0735648x.2022.2114099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2022.2114099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47640175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2112265
M. C. Koen, B. Newell, M. R. Roberts
ABSTRACT Since body-worn cameras (BWCs) were catapulted into mainstream discourse, they have diffused rapidly across police agencies in the United States. Research followed swiftly, providing a wealth of information about how the police and citizens make sense of these technologies. Moreover, we have learned how these technologies have impacted important policing outcomes, such as citizen complaints and the use of coercive force during citizen encounters. However, despite the growing body of research, very little is known about how police stakeholders make sense of the implementation of BWCs and about their decision-making throughout the implementation process. Therefore, this research examines the decision to implement BWCs in one mid-sized municipal police department in the United States through the lens of Rogers (2003) Diffusion of Innovations theoretical framework. We rely on semi-structured interviews and observations with 17 stakeholders to address this question. Our findings show that BWC technology generally posed little uncertainty for stakeholders in terms of what it could offer conceptually. However, because the agency was an early adopter, decision-makers were confronted with significant uncertainty about practical matters such as the financial and logistical costs of implementing the technology, in addition to policy creation. These findings have important implications for scholars and practitioners.
{"title":"The Pennybridge pioneers: understanding internal stakeholder perceptions of body-worn camera implementation","authors":"M. C. Koen, B. Newell, M. R. Roberts","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2112265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2112265","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since body-worn cameras (BWCs) were catapulted into mainstream discourse, they have diffused rapidly across police agencies in the United States. Research followed swiftly, providing a wealth of information about how the police and citizens make sense of these technologies. Moreover, we have learned how these technologies have impacted important policing outcomes, such as citizen complaints and the use of coercive force during citizen encounters. However, despite the growing body of research, very little is known about how police stakeholders make sense of the implementation of BWCs and about their decision-making throughout the implementation process. Therefore, this research examines the decision to implement BWCs in one mid-sized municipal police department in the United States through the lens of Rogers (2003) Diffusion of Innovations theoretical framework. We rely on semi-structured interviews and observations with 17 stakeholders to address this question. Our findings show that BWC technology generally posed little uncertainty for stakeholders in terms of what it could offer conceptually. However, because the agency was an early adopter, decision-makers were confronted with significant uncertainty about practical matters such as the financial and logistical costs of implementing the technology, in addition to policy creation. These findings have important implications for scholars and practitioners.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"194 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46647283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-17DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2104343
April N. Terry, Morgan R. Steele
ABSTRACT Studies on racial disparity within the juvenile justice system have demonstrated continued disproportionate minority contact (DMC) and racial and ethnic disparity (RED) issues throughout each decision point, especially at earlier stages. Yet, most research has centered on urban areas, with minimal attention given to youth-of-color in rural jurisdictions. As such, the current study utilized juvenile intake and assessment data from a rural Midwestern state, focused on racial and ethnic disparities prior to and per-COVID-19. Using data from a rural state, we examine the monthly counts of juveniles assessed at juvenile intake centers with an interrupted time-series design to explore whether the pandemic’s impact differed by race or ethnicity. Our findings do not support the claim that the pandemic has exacerbated racial or ethnic disparity. Yet, trends suggest white and non-Hispanic youth, as well as youth in rural jurisdictions, are presenting at juvenile intake centers at less reduced rates than their youth-of-color and urban counterparts, per-COVID-19. The results show the pandemic has radically reduced assessments to the juvenile justice system, though this impact is not equally distributed. While intersectional comparisons are not possible at this time, policy implications and future directions are provided.
{"title":"Racial disparities at rural and urban juvenile detention centers: Unanticipated findings since COVID-19’s reduction in juvenile assessments","authors":"April N. Terry, Morgan R. Steele","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2104343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2104343","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies on racial disparity within the juvenile justice system have demonstrated continued disproportionate minority contact (DMC) and racial and ethnic disparity (RED) issues throughout each decision point, especially at earlier stages. Yet, most research has centered on urban areas, with minimal attention given to youth-of-color in rural jurisdictions. As such, the current study utilized juvenile intake and assessment data from a rural Midwestern state, focused on racial and ethnic disparities prior to and per-COVID-19. Using data from a rural state, we examine the monthly counts of juveniles assessed at juvenile intake centers with an interrupted time-series design to explore whether the pandemic’s impact differed by race or ethnicity. Our findings do not support the claim that the pandemic has exacerbated racial or ethnic disparity. Yet, trends suggest white and non-Hispanic youth, as well as youth in rural jurisdictions, are presenting at juvenile intake centers at less reduced rates than their youth-of-color and urban counterparts, per-COVID-19. The results show the pandemic has radically reduced assessments to the juvenile justice system, though this impact is not equally distributed. While intersectional comparisons are not possible at this time, policy implications and future directions are provided.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"231 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44638509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2103015
Xiaochen Hu, Jae-Seung Lee, N. Lovrich
ABSTRACT It remains unknown if taking commonly used preventive actions is related to identity theft. In the current study, we use a dataset featuring over 220,000 respondents to the National Crime Victimization Survey Identity Theft Supplement (NCVS ITS). The survey was conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) first in 2012, then again in 2014, and once more in 2016. The findings reported here suggest that demographic variables (e.g., gender, income) and types of online activities (e.g., frequency of online shopping) are significantly related to identity theft victimization. An interesting additional finding is that among seven distinct types of preventive actions listed in the NCVS ITS survey (frequently checking credit reports, frequently changing passwords for financial accounts, employing purchase credit monitoring, shredding documents containing personal information, monitoring bank statements for suspect charges, using security software programs, and purchasing identity theft protection), shredding documents with personal information ALONE is significantly negatively related to identity theft victimization. All six other preventive actions are either positively related or unrelated to identity theft victimization. These findings generate practical implications and, most importantly, raise the question of whether some newly-fashioned preventive actions might provide better protection from identity theft protection.
{"title":"Do Commonly Recommended Preventive Actions Deter Identity Theft Victimization? Findings from NCVS Identity Theft Surveys","authors":"Xiaochen Hu, Jae-Seung Lee, N. Lovrich","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2103015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2103015","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It remains unknown if taking commonly used preventive actions is related to identity theft. In the current study, we use a dataset featuring over 220,000 respondents to the National Crime Victimization Survey Identity Theft Supplement (NCVS ITS). The survey was conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) first in 2012, then again in 2014, and once more in 2016. The findings reported here suggest that demographic variables (e.g., gender, income) and types of online activities (e.g., frequency of online shopping) are significantly related to identity theft victimization. An interesting additional finding is that among seven distinct types of preventive actions listed in the NCVS ITS survey (frequently checking credit reports, frequently changing passwords for financial accounts, employing purchase credit monitoring, shredding documents containing personal information, monitoring bank statements for suspect charges, using security software programs, and purchasing identity theft protection), shredding documents with personal information ALONE is significantly negatively related to identity theft victimization. All six other preventive actions are either positively related or unrelated to identity theft victimization. These findings generate practical implications and, most importantly, raise the question of whether some newly-fashioned preventive actions might provide better protection from identity theft protection.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"172 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44223591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2105382
Dzhansarayeva Rima, G. Mukhamadieva, E. Alimkulov, S. Duzbayeva, Kevin M. Beaver
ABSTRACT Criminological research is largely focused on understanding the causes, correlates, and pathways to criminal behavior and contact with the criminal justice system. An equally important issue that has received comparatively less attention is a focus on understanding the correlates and causes of abstinence from criminal behavior and contact with the criminal justice system. The current study was designed to analyze the potential protective and risk factors associated with having no contact with the criminal justice system – that is, abstaining from criminal justice system contact. To do so, the authors analyzed data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The results revealed that about 72 percent of respondents abstained from contact with the criminal justice system. Moreover, religion and intelligence were associated with increases in the odds of abstinence while low self-control, delinquent peers, and victimization were associated with reductions in the odds of abstinence for both males and females. We conclude by discussing the limitations of the study and directions for future research.
{"title":"An analysis of protective and risk factors associated with no formal contact with the criminal justice system in a nationally representative sample of males and females","authors":"Dzhansarayeva Rima, G. Mukhamadieva, E. Alimkulov, S. Duzbayeva, Kevin M. Beaver","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2105382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2105382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Criminological research is largely focused on understanding the causes, correlates, and pathways to criminal behavior and contact with the criminal justice system. An equally important issue that has received comparatively less attention is a focus on understanding the correlates and causes of abstinence from criminal behavior and contact with the criminal justice system. The current study was designed to analyze the potential protective and risk factors associated with having no contact with the criminal justice system – that is, abstaining from criminal justice system contact. To do so, the authors analyzed data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The results revealed that about 72 percent of respondents abstained from contact with the criminal justice system. Moreover, religion and intelligence were associated with increases in the odds of abstinence while low self-control, delinquent peers, and victimization were associated with reductions in the odds of abstinence for both males and females. We conclude by discussing the limitations of the study and directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"267 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47483789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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