Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2105382
Dzhansarayeva Rima, G. Mukhamadieva, E. Alimkulov, S. Duzbayeva, Kevin M. Beaver
ABSTRACT Criminological research is largely focused on understanding the causes, correlates, and pathways to criminal behavior and contact with the criminal justice system. An equally important issue that has received comparatively less attention is a focus on understanding the correlates and causes of abstinence from criminal behavior and contact with the criminal justice system. The current study was designed to analyze the potential protective and risk factors associated with having no contact with the criminal justice system – that is, abstaining from criminal justice system contact. To do so, the authors analyzed data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The results revealed that about 72 percent of respondents abstained from contact with the criminal justice system. Moreover, religion and intelligence were associated with increases in the odds of abstinence while low self-control, delinquent peers, and victimization were associated with reductions in the odds of abstinence for both males and females. We conclude by discussing the limitations of the study and directions for future research.
{"title":"An analysis of protective and risk factors associated with no formal contact with the criminal justice system in a nationally representative sample of males and females","authors":"Dzhansarayeva Rima, G. Mukhamadieva, E. Alimkulov, S. Duzbayeva, Kevin M. Beaver","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2105382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2105382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Criminological research is largely focused on understanding the causes, correlates, and pathways to criminal behavior and contact with the criminal justice system. An equally important issue that has received comparatively less attention is a focus on understanding the correlates and causes of abstinence from criminal behavior and contact with the criminal justice system. The current study was designed to analyze the potential protective and risk factors associated with having no contact with the criminal justice system – that is, abstaining from criminal justice system contact. To do so, the authors analyzed data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The results revealed that about 72 percent of respondents abstained from contact with the criminal justice system. Moreover, religion and intelligence were associated with increases in the odds of abstinence while low self-control, delinquent peers, and victimization were associated with reductions in the odds of abstinence for both males and females. We conclude by discussing the limitations of the study and directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47483789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1080/0735648x.2022.2072364
K. Canada, Beth m. Huebner, Janet Garcia-Hallett, Ashely Givens, Victoria Inzana, Elizabeth Taylor, C. Peters
The challenges presented by COVID-19 in prison settings highlight the need for research that captures the lived experiences and needs of incarcerated individuals. Primary data collection among people living in prison during the global pandemic, however, presents unfamiliar obstacles that require innovation and invite opportunities to adopt methods not traditional in criminal-legal research. This manuscript details the application of summative content analysis to consider incarcerated persons' perceptions of institutional culture and climate. This research was conducted as part of the Prison Research and Innovation Initiative (PRII). A written open-ended questionnaire yielded data from 84 individuals incarcerated in a medium-security institution in the Midwest region of the United States. The results highlight several prominent themes in prison culture and climate and endorse the use of open-ended questionnaires analyzed with summative content analysis as a viable approach to collecting and examining high-quality data from people living in prison. The results from this work also underscore the efficacy of this method as a part of community-engaged research in prison settings.
{"title":"Community-engaged prison-based research in a pandemic: the efficacy of summative content analysis for understanding prison culture and climate","authors":"K. Canada, Beth m. Huebner, Janet Garcia-Hallett, Ashely Givens, Victoria Inzana, Elizabeth Taylor, C. Peters","doi":"10.1080/0735648x.2022.2072364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2022.2072364","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges presented by COVID-19 in prison settings highlight the need for research that captures the lived experiences and needs of incarcerated individuals. Primary data collection among people living in prison during the global pandemic, however, presents unfamiliar obstacles that require innovation and invite opportunities to adopt methods not traditional in criminal-legal research. This manuscript details the application of summative content analysis to consider incarcerated persons' perceptions of institutional culture and climate. This research was conducted as part of the Prison Research and Innovation Initiative (PRII). A written open-ended questionnaire yielded data from 84 individuals incarcerated in a medium-security institution in the Midwest region of the United States. The results highlight several prominent themes in prison culture and climate and endorse the use of open-ended questionnaires analyzed with summative content analysis as a viable approach to collecting and examining high-quality data from people living in prison. The results from this work also underscore the efficacy of this method as a part of community-engaged research in prison settings.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48034198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2074868
John C. Navarro, E. M. Higgins
ABSTRACT Media portrayals of sex offenders are often negative, suggesting that public attitudes share a one-dimensional portrait. But past scholarship has regularly relied on a single newspaper or combined national-regional newspapers when investigating the media framing of sex offenders, which has possibly masked the disparate discourse of sex crimes across geographies and outlets. Our qualitative content analysis of sex crime depictions in articles published between 2012–2016 from six daily newspaper outlets of major metropolitan areas demonstrates that the media framing of sex offenders is varied and multidimensional. Our analysis indicates four salient sex offender frames: the monstrous sex offender, the psychotic sex offender, the sex offender versus the victim, and the humanized sex offender. Each frame is constructed by distinctive scripts, or a sequence of events and actions to describe sex offenders and their offenses. As parts of the interpretative repertoire, sex offender frames and scripts are connected to specific policy initiatives from a conservative to a progressive orientation.
{"title":"Media frames and the sex offender: A qualitative content analysis from six major metropolitan areas","authors":"John C. Navarro, E. M. Higgins","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2074868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2074868","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Media portrayals of sex offenders are often negative, suggesting that public attitudes share a one-dimensional portrait. But past scholarship has regularly relied on a single newspaper or combined national-regional newspapers when investigating the media framing of sex offenders, which has possibly masked the disparate discourse of sex crimes across geographies and outlets. Our qualitative content analysis of sex crime depictions in articles published between 2012–2016 from six daily newspaper outlets of major metropolitan areas demonstrates that the media framing of sex offenders is varied and multidimensional. Our analysis indicates four salient sex offender frames: the monstrous sex offender, the psychotic sex offender, the sex offender versus the victim, and the humanized sex offender. Each frame is constructed by distinctive scripts, or a sequence of events and actions to describe sex offenders and their offenses. As parts of the interpretative repertoire, sex offender frames and scripts are connected to specific policy initiatives from a conservative to a progressive orientation.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44116897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.1080/0735648x.2022.2080100
Craig D. Uchida, John D. McCluskey, J. Kringen, A. Kringen, Sean Kato, Heleana Melendez, Jennifer Schmitz
{"title":"Police accounts of critical incidents: a descriptive and empirical assessment","authors":"Craig D. Uchida, John D. McCluskey, J. Kringen, A. Kringen, Sean Kato, Heleana Melendez, Jennifer Schmitz","doi":"10.1080/0735648x.2022.2080100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2022.2080100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42142385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2072366
Patrick J. Burke
ABSTRACT In this study, I argue that arresting the leaders of drug-selling gangs is a precise and impactful tactic for reducing gang-related gun violence in open-air drug markets. I construct a theory of leadership arrests in drug markets by building mainly on the political science literature on leadership removal of insurgents and drug cartels. To test my theory, and several controls derived from the scholarly literature on gang violence, I utilize an original dataset constructed using Freedom of Information Act responses from the Chicago Police Department, open-source data, and archival court documents. The latter data source and news articles were used to identify all gang leaders arrested in five drug markets on the Westside of Chicago between 2010 and 2019. Negative binomial analysis shows that arresting gang leaders is associated with significant reductions in gang-related shootings. Additionally, one of the controls – search warrants that result in the seizure of illicit drugs – is negatively associated with gang-related shootings. Both outcomes indicate that policymakers in Chicago, and cities facing similar open-air drug market violence, should focus significant resources on specialized police units that can carry out drug-related search warrants, arrest leaders of drug-selling gangs on state charges, and aid federal law enforcement in arresting leaders of drug-selling gangs.
{"title":"Reducing organized criminal violence through leadership removals: evidence from the drug wars on Chicago’s Westside, 2010-2019","authors":"Patrick J. Burke","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2072366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2072366","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, I argue that arresting the leaders of drug-selling gangs is a precise and impactful tactic for reducing gang-related gun violence in open-air drug markets. I construct a theory of leadership arrests in drug markets by building mainly on the political science literature on leadership removal of insurgents and drug cartels. To test my theory, and several controls derived from the scholarly literature on gang violence, I utilize an original dataset constructed using Freedom of Information Act responses from the Chicago Police Department, open-source data, and archival court documents. The latter data source and news articles were used to identify all gang leaders arrested in five drug markets on the Westside of Chicago between 2010 and 2019. Negative binomial analysis shows that arresting gang leaders is associated with significant reductions in gang-related shootings. Additionally, one of the controls – search warrants that result in the seizure of illicit drugs – is negatively associated with gang-related shootings. Both outcomes indicate that policymakers in Chicago, and cities facing similar open-air drug market violence, should focus significant resources on specialized police units that can carry out drug-related search warrants, arrest leaders of drug-selling gangs on state charges, and aid federal law enforcement in arresting leaders of drug-selling gangs.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46404453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1080/0735648x.2022.2074867
Brenna Helm, R. Scrivens, T. Holt, S. Chermak, R. Frank
{"title":"Examining incel subculture on reddit","authors":"Brenna Helm, R. Scrivens, T. Holt, S. Chermak, R. Frank","doi":"10.1080/0735648x.2022.2074867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2022.2074867","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42471649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2063156
Carole Gibbs, Alaina De Biasi, Jennifer E. Cobbina-Dungy, Mark Speers, M. Costantino, L. Rivers
ABSTRACT Violent crime tends to be concentrated in economically disadvantaged, racially minoritized communities, particularly among youth. Emerging research suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated the drivers of violence in these communities but provides limited insight into its effects in a single locale, especially small to mid-size cities, and on those on the frontlines of youth violence (i.e., youth service workers). In the current study, we provide an in-depth, qualitative examination of these dynamics in vulnerable neighborhoods in Lansing, Michigan, centering the voices of those instrumental to violence prevention and community resilience. Specifically, we explore youth service providers’ perceptions of how COVID-19 changed youth violence and impacted families, communities, and organizations working to prevent and control youth violence. We use the socioecological model adopted by the public health field to explain and prevent violence to guide our work, as this framework recognizes the interlocking and interactive effects of systemic, community, and relational experiences on youth behavior. As such, it allows us to situate community-based organizations and youth service providers’ perceptions within the broader contexts that shape violence. Our findings suggest the need for increased support for community-based prevention and for interventions that rectify structural inequalities.
{"title":"COVID-19 and youth violence: views from the frontline","authors":"Carole Gibbs, Alaina De Biasi, Jennifer E. Cobbina-Dungy, Mark Speers, M. Costantino, L. Rivers","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2063156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2063156","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Violent crime tends to be concentrated in economically disadvantaged, racially minoritized communities, particularly among youth. Emerging research suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated the drivers of violence in these communities but provides limited insight into its effects in a single locale, especially small to mid-size cities, and on those on the frontlines of youth violence (i.e., youth service workers). In the current study, we provide an in-depth, qualitative examination of these dynamics in vulnerable neighborhoods in Lansing, Michigan, centering the voices of those instrumental to violence prevention and community resilience. Specifically, we explore youth service providers’ perceptions of how COVID-19 changed youth violence and impacted families, communities, and organizations working to prevent and control youth violence. We use the socioecological model adopted by the public health field to explain and prevent violence to guide our work, as this framework recognizes the interlocking and interactive effects of systemic, community, and relational experiences on youth behavior. As such, it allows us to situate community-based organizations and youth service providers’ perceptions within the broader contexts that shape violence. Our findings suggest the need for increased support for community-based prevention and for interventions that rectify structural inequalities.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42680347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.1080/0735648x.2022.2062036
J. Schafer, Julie Hibdon, Michael Kyle
{"title":"Studying rare events in policing: the allure and limitations of using body-worn camera video","authors":"J. Schafer, Julie Hibdon, Michael Kyle","doi":"10.1080/0735648x.2022.2062036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2022.2062036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49191509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2062035
Matthew C. Kijowski, Theodore Wilson
ABSTRACT Rational choice and offender decision-making are premised upon each individual’s weighing of their subjectively perceived behavioral options. However, most applications have failed to account for the heterogeneity in the options individuals perceive to have available to them within their choice set. We leveraged interdisciplinary scholarship from the fields of neuroscience and psychology to develop a strategy to capture the choice set of perceived options. Using a community sample of adults randomly assigned to one of two vignettes, we asked respondents to list the options they perceived to have available to resolve the given vignette. We then classified those options into one of four categories: pure conformist, abstain, pure criminal, or hybrid wherein an option was simultaneously criminal and prosocial. We found extensive heterogeneity in both the options and choice sets arising from each vignette. Most individuals did not note any criminal options while hybrid options appeared to a non-trivial degree in only one of the two vignettes. Our findings highlight the pitfalls associated with providing respondents with options as compared to having them subjectively construct their own options, while also pointing to how choice sets can provide a more descriptively accurate assessment of decision-making processes.
{"title":"Integrating subjectively-derived choice sets to expand offender decision-making","authors":"Matthew C. Kijowski, Theodore Wilson","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2062035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2062035","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rational choice and offender decision-making are premised upon each individual’s weighing of their subjectively perceived behavioral options. However, most applications have failed to account for the heterogeneity in the options individuals perceive to have available to them within their choice set. We leveraged interdisciplinary scholarship from the fields of neuroscience and psychology to develop a strategy to capture the choice set of perceived options. Using a community sample of adults randomly assigned to one of two vignettes, we asked respondents to list the options they perceived to have available to resolve the given vignette. We then classified those options into one of four categories: pure conformist, abstain, pure criminal, or hybrid wherein an option was simultaneously criminal and prosocial. We found extensive heterogeneity in both the options and choice sets arising from each vignette. Most individuals did not note any criminal options while hybrid options appeared to a non-trivial degree in only one of the two vignettes. Our findings highlight the pitfalls associated with providing respondents with options as compared to having them subjectively construct their own options, while also pointing to how choice sets can provide a more descriptively accurate assessment of decision-making processes.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48106121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.1080/0735648x.2022.2058062
J. R. Lee, T. Holt, Olga Smirnova
{"title":"An assessment of the state of firearm sales on the Dark Web","authors":"J. R. Lee, T. Holt, Olga Smirnova","doi":"10.1080/0735648x.2022.2058062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2022.2058062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46666304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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