Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2052933
Christina Mancini, Dan Cassino, Robert D. Lytle
ABSTRACT In 2020, the Trump administration issued new guidance concerning Title IX proceedings; one controversial change was the emphasis on greater confrontation between complainants and respondents during the grievance process. Little is known concerning public perceptions of these reforms, which diverge from previous federal guidance. To that end, we explore three questions. First, to what extent was the public aware of changes to Title IX? Second, does the public think colleges can safely implement confrontational grievance procedures, or do they view such proceedings skeptically? Last, what factors are associated with beliefs about confrontational features of Title IX? Analysis indicates that there are conditional effects of political ideology on levels of knowledge about the Title IX changes on attitudes toward grievance proceedings. Additionally, other demographic correlates – age, sex, and educational attainment – are associated with perceptions. Implications are discussed.
{"title":"Politics, knowledge, and sexual assault: public perceptions of Trump-era Title IX proceedings","authors":"Christina Mancini, Dan Cassino, Robert D. Lytle","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2052933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2052933","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2020, the Trump administration issued new guidance concerning Title IX proceedings; one controversial change was the emphasis on greater confrontation between complainants and respondents during the grievance process. Little is known concerning public perceptions of these reforms, which diverge from previous federal guidance. To that end, we explore three questions. First, to what extent was the public aware of changes to Title IX? Second, does the public think colleges can safely implement confrontational grievance procedures, or do they view such proceedings skeptically? Last, what factors are associated with beliefs about confrontational features of Title IX? Analysis indicates that there are conditional effects of political ideology on levels of knowledge about the Title IX changes on attitudes toward grievance proceedings. Additionally, other demographic correlates – age, sex, and educational attainment – are associated with perceptions. Implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"85 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44447041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-27DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2052934
Thomas W. Wojciechowski
ABSTRACT Hostility has been identified as a risk factor in predicting offending. Some research has conceptualized hostility as a facet of mental health. One factor that has been identified to be protective against the effects of mental health on behavioral outcomes is social support. Despite this, prior research has not considered social support in this manner in moderating the relationship between hostility and offending. This study utilized data from all 11 waves of the Pathways to Desistance study. Mixed-effects regression models were used to test for the direct effects of hostility on offending outcomes and determine whether social support moderated these relationships. Results indicated that greater hostility predicted increased offending variety for both outcomes. Lower levels of social support also predicted increased offending scores for both outcomes. No significant moderation effect was observed for either offending outcome. Implications are discussed.
{"title":"Moderation of the relationship between hostility and offending: is social support a protective factor?","authors":"Thomas W. Wojciechowski","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2052934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2052934","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hostility has been identified as a risk factor in predicting offending. Some research has conceptualized hostility as a facet of mental health. One factor that has been identified to be protective against the effects of mental health on behavioral outcomes is social support. Despite this, prior research has not considered social support in this manner in moderating the relationship between hostility and offending. This study utilized data from all 11 waves of the Pathways to Desistance study. Mixed-effects regression models were used to test for the direct effects of hostility on offending outcomes and determine whether social support moderated these relationships. Results indicated that greater hostility predicted increased offending variety for both outcomes. Lower levels of social support also predicted increased offending scores for both outcomes. No significant moderation effect was observed for either offending outcome. Implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"124 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45010520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2050277
Raúl Zepeda Gil, Carlos A. Pérez Ricart
ABSTRACT Based on a recently published historical crime database that shows an unequivocal reduction of homicides in Mexico from the 1950s up until 2005, this paper aims to examine the effect of development policies on homicide reduction in 20th century Mexico. This research presents a panel regression of homicide rates in all 32 Mexican states from 1950 to 2005. Our research shows that the increase in schooling years in Mexico is correlated with the decline in homicide rates. This decline happened despite inverse pressure from social disorganisation caused by unequal economic growth and youth bulges during the period examined. Consequently, the paper shows that sustained development policies can be a pacifying mechanism in a country that has experienced accelerated urban growth and other structural problems associated with crime since the beginning of the century.
{"title":"Effects of long-term development and schooling expansion on the decline in homicide rates: Mexico from 1950 to 2005","authors":"Raúl Zepeda Gil, Carlos A. Pérez Ricart","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2050277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2050277","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on a recently published historical crime database that shows an unequivocal reduction of homicides in Mexico from the 1950s up until 2005, this paper aims to examine the effect of development policies on homicide reduction in 20th century Mexico. This research presents a panel regression of homicide rates in all 32 Mexican states from 1950 to 2005. Our research shows that the increase in schooling years in Mexico is correlated with the decline in homicide rates. This decline happened despite inverse pressure from social disorganisation caused by unequal economic growth and youth bulges during the period examined. Consequently, the paper shows that sustained development policies can be a pacifying mechanism in a country that has experienced accelerated urban growth and other structural problems associated with crime since the beginning of the century.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48722437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2048053
Yung-lien Lai, Doris C. Chu, Szu-Chien Wu, Fei Luo, Tzu-Ying Lo
ABSTRACT Police misconduct erodes police-citizen relations, which in turn, discourages people from cooperating with police. While a substantial volume of research has focused on how citizens’ demographics, media trust, and neighborhood context can exert an influence on perceptions of police misconduct, very little research has explored the impact of procedural justice in this regard. To fill in the gaps in this literature, the present study utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine factors affecting citizens’ perceptions of police misconduct in Taiwan. Data were obtained from a CATI telephone survey of 1,806 residents in Metropolitan Taipei in 2014. It was found that citizens’ primary concerns of police misconduct include the covering-up of misconduct on the part of powerful suspects/celebrities, followed by the abuse of power by legal authorities, and the discriminatory enforcement of regulations, respectively. The results revealed importantly that procedural justice, perceptions of crime prevalence, and gender had significant direct influences, whereas media trust, victimization, and involuntary contact with police only had indirect effects on citizens’ perceptions of police misconduct. Procedural justice was the most robust variable in predicting citizens’ perceptions of police misconduct.
{"title":"Perceptions of police misconduct in Taiwan: does procedural justice matter?","authors":"Yung-lien Lai, Doris C. Chu, Szu-Chien Wu, Fei Luo, Tzu-Ying Lo","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2048053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2048053","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Police misconduct erodes police-citizen relations, which in turn, discourages people from cooperating with police. While a substantial volume of research has focused on how citizens’ demographics, media trust, and neighborhood context can exert an influence on perceptions of police misconduct, very little research has explored the impact of procedural justice in this regard. To fill in the gaps in this literature, the present study utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine factors affecting citizens’ perceptions of police misconduct in Taiwan. Data were obtained from a CATI telephone survey of 1,806 residents in Metropolitan Taipei in 2014. It was found that citizens’ primary concerns of police misconduct include the covering-up of misconduct on the part of powerful suspects/celebrities, followed by the abuse of power by legal authorities, and the discriminatory enforcement of regulations, respectively. The results revealed importantly that procedural justice, perceptions of crime prevalence, and gender had significant direct influences, whereas media trust, victimization, and involuntary contact with police only had indirect effects on citizens’ perceptions of police misconduct. Procedural justice was the most robust variable in predicting citizens’ perceptions of police misconduct.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"46 1","pages":"65 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48517770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2047100
Elizabeth N. Hartsell, J. Lane
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed how the justice system and its research partners can do their work. We were working with the Marion County Diversion Drug Court doing preliminary observations and developing a collaborative grant proposal to implement services and evaluate the program when the court was forced to move entirely online using Zoom due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper discusses how the transition to Zoom changed the evaluation of the drug court and service delivery. While we expected to conduct in-person focus groups and interviews with the court team and participants, as well as in-person observations of team meetings and court, these were not possible from March 2020 to June 2021 (in person court resumed in July 2021). Consequently, we adapted the now-funded, ongoing evaluation plan to conduct observations, interviews, and coding via Zoom and Qualtrics. We discuss the strengths, limitations, and early lessons learned from this endeavor. We also report initial findings on how COVID-19 affected service delivery and explore the possible implications of online drug court beyond the pandemic.
{"title":"Initial lessons learned during a remote drug court evaluation during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Elizabeth N. Hartsell, J. Lane","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2047100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2047100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed how the justice system and its research partners can do their work. We were working with the Marion County Diversion Drug Court doing preliminary observations and developing a collaborative grant proposal to implement services and evaluate the program when the court was forced to move entirely online using Zoom due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper discusses how the transition to Zoom changed the evaluation of the drug court and service delivery. While we expected to conduct in-person focus groups and interviews with the court team and participants, as well as in-person observations of team meetings and court, these were not possible from March 2020 to June 2021 (in person court resumed in July 2021). Consequently, we adapted the now-funded, ongoing evaluation plan to conduct observations, interviews, and coding via Zoom and Qualtrics. We discuss the strengths, limitations, and early lessons learned from this endeavor. We also report initial findings on how COVID-19 affected service delivery and explore the possible implications of online drug court beyond the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"627 - 645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45943803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2045209
Heidi S. Bonner, Allison Crowe
ABSTRACT Traumatic events, irregular shifts, and other job-related stressors impact the mental health of law enforcement officers. However, little information exists regarding the availability and perceptions of the effectiveness of mental wellness programming and resources in police departments and sheriff’s offices across the United States. Using a paper and pencil survey with a stratified random sample, we explored the types of mental wellness programming available throughout agencies in the United States and the perceived effectiveness of such programs. Most respondents provided information on mental wellness resources, employee assistance programs, and external event response. Resiliency building/training and annual mental wellness checks were the least common program/resource currently provided. Peer counseling/support was slightly more common in police departments, while external event response, chaplain support, and mentoring programs were more common in sheriff’s offices. Respondents generally perceived chaplain support, psychological services, external event response, and resiliency building/training to be effective forms of mental wellness programming, while annual mental wellness checks, mental wellness resources, and mentoring programs were deemed less effective. Limitations and directions for future research are provided.
{"title":"Mental health programming for law enforcement: a first look at trends and perceptions of effectiveness","authors":"Heidi S. Bonner, Allison Crowe","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2045209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2045209","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Traumatic events, irregular shifts, and other job-related stressors impact the mental health of law enforcement officers. However, little information exists regarding the availability and perceptions of the effectiveness of mental wellness programming and resources in police departments and sheriff’s offices across the United States. Using a paper and pencil survey with a stratified random sample, we explored the types of mental wellness programming available throughout agencies in the United States and the perceived effectiveness of such programs. Most respondents provided information on mental wellness resources, employee assistance programs, and external event response. Resiliency building/training and annual mental wellness checks were the least common program/resource currently provided. Peer counseling/support was slightly more common in police departments, while external event response, chaplain support, and mentoring programs were more common in sheriff’s offices. Respondents generally perceived chaplain support, psychological services, external event response, and resiliency building/training to be effective forms of mental wellness programming, while annual mental wellness checks, mental wellness resources, and mentoring programs were deemed less effective. Limitations and directions for future research are provided.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"552 - 566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41684661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2044886
Lyndsay N. Boggess, Alyssa W. Chamberlain, Lex Gill
ABSTRACT Although prior research has long examined neighborhood effects on violent crime generally and aggravated assault specifically, less attention has been paid to how structure affects less serious offenses. However, neighborhood factors such as single-parent households or poverty are likely important predictors for the commission of less serious forms of violence, though their relative effects may vary depending on the level of severity of violence employed. The current study disaggregates assaults and examines whether neighborhood factors have differential effects on aggravated, non-aggravated (simple), and domestic assaults. Using data from Cleveland, OH we conduct a series of negative binomial regression models and use seemingly unrelated postestimation commands to identify differences across assault type. We identify important differences in the neighborhood drivers of assault, especially single-parent households, disadvantage, and residential stability, and between domestic assault from simple or aggravated. Our findings underscore the importance of disaggregating assaults to unmask distinctions in how community context influences serious and less serious forms of violence. In doing so, we identify important elements that crime reduction strategies should consider – particularly for less serious but more common forms of violence – in order to implemented more effectively.
{"title":"Deconstructing neighborhood effects across aggravated, domestic, and simple assault","authors":"Lyndsay N. Boggess, Alyssa W. Chamberlain, Lex Gill","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2044886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2044886","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although prior research has long examined neighborhood effects on violent crime generally and aggravated assault specifically, less attention has been paid to how structure affects less serious offenses. However, neighborhood factors such as single-parent households or poverty are likely important predictors for the commission of less serious forms of violence, though their relative effects may vary depending on the level of severity of violence employed. The current study disaggregates assaults and examines whether neighborhood factors have differential effects on aggravated, non-aggravated (simple), and domestic assaults. Using data from Cleveland, OH we conduct a series of negative binomial regression models and use seemingly unrelated postestimation commands to identify differences across assault type. We identify important differences in the neighborhood drivers of assault, especially single-parent households, disadvantage, and residential stability, and between domestic assault from simple or aggravated. Our findings underscore the importance of disaggregating assaults to unmask distinctions in how community context influences serious and less serious forms of violence. In doing so, we identify important elements that crime reduction strategies should consider – particularly for less serious but more common forms of violence – in order to implemented more effectively.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"567 - 587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45119234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2021.2007322
Jennifer H. Peck, Maude Beaudry-Cyr
As guest editors, we approached this special collection with a single objective in mind: how to best celebrate and honor Dr. Michael J. Leiber’s legacy and commitment to equality in juvenile court processing, the juvenile justice system, and issues surrounding juvenile delinquency following his unexpected passing in 2020. We present this special collection across two issues in the Journal of Crime and Justice. Part I includes four articles in Volume 25 (Issue 3), and Part II includes this introduction and three articles in Volume 25 (Issue 4). This compilation, collectively titled ‘Striving for Equality in the Court Processing of Youth: Theoretical Applications and Empirical Studies in Honor of Michael J. Leiber’ is not only an opportunity to highlight Mike’s empirical interests and contributions but most importantly. We hope to encourage through continued research, the furtherance of knowledge to effectively address racial/ethnic and social injustices in the juvenile and criminal justice systems. Mike will be remembered not only for his impact as a respected colleague, collaborator, mentor, and friend but, above all, for his distinguished scholarship and career in the field of criminology and juvenile justice. While his research interests ranged to include topics surrounding law and the deprivation of liberty, theories of criminal behavior, and the evaluation of juvenile justice programs, his passion and expertise focused on the impacts of race, ethnicity, and gender on juvenile justice decision-making and delinquency. His life’s work was guided by a desire to see the world become a fairer and more equitable place for all, as evidenced by his unwavering commitment to advancing knowledge and practices that promote social justice. His significant contributions to the advancement of racial/ethnic justice in the field of criminology are broadly recognized. Mike was the recipient of several awards, including the W.E.B. Du Bois Award from the Western Society of Criminology, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Division on People of Color and Crime (American Society of Criminology), the Becky Tatum Excellence Award from the Division of the Minorities and Women Section (Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences), and the Distinguished Research Alumni Award from the School of Criminal Justice at the University at Albany (SUNY). Mike was a graduate of the University at Albany (SUNY) and held faculty positions at the University of Northern Iowa, Virginia Commonwealth University, and the University of South Florida (USF), where he served as Chair of the Department of Criminology at USF from 2011 to 2019. He also served as the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Crime and Justice from 2010 to 2019, and most recently, as Co-Editor of Justice Quarterly. His knowledge and expertise led to his contracting as a consultant over the span of 20 years in various capacities for the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquenc
{"title":"Striving for equality in the court processing of youth: theoretical applications and empirical studies in Honor of Michael J. Leiber","authors":"Jennifer H. Peck, Maude Beaudry-Cyr","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2021.2007322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2021.2007322","url":null,"abstract":"As guest editors, we approached this special collection with a single objective in mind: how to best celebrate and honor Dr. Michael J. Leiber’s legacy and commitment to equality in juvenile court processing, the juvenile justice system, and issues surrounding juvenile delinquency following his unexpected passing in 2020. We present this special collection across two issues in the Journal of Crime and Justice. Part I includes four articles in Volume 25 (Issue 3), and Part II includes this introduction and three articles in Volume 25 (Issue 4). This compilation, collectively titled ‘Striving for Equality in the Court Processing of Youth: Theoretical Applications and Empirical Studies in Honor of Michael J. Leiber’ is not only an opportunity to highlight Mike’s empirical interests and contributions but most importantly. We hope to encourage through continued research, the furtherance of knowledge to effectively address racial/ethnic and social injustices in the juvenile and criminal justice systems. Mike will be remembered not only for his impact as a respected colleague, collaborator, mentor, and friend but, above all, for his distinguished scholarship and career in the field of criminology and juvenile justice. While his research interests ranged to include topics surrounding law and the deprivation of liberty, theories of criminal behavior, and the evaluation of juvenile justice programs, his passion and expertise focused on the impacts of race, ethnicity, and gender on juvenile justice decision-making and delinquency. His life’s work was guided by a desire to see the world become a fairer and more equitable place for all, as evidenced by his unwavering commitment to advancing knowledge and practices that promote social justice. His significant contributions to the advancement of racial/ethnic justice in the field of criminology are broadly recognized. Mike was the recipient of several awards, including the W.E.B. Du Bois Award from the Western Society of Criminology, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Division on People of Color and Crime (American Society of Criminology), the Becky Tatum Excellence Award from the Division of the Minorities and Women Section (Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences), and the Distinguished Research Alumni Award from the School of Criminal Justice at the University at Albany (SUNY). Mike was a graduate of the University at Albany (SUNY) and held faculty positions at the University of Northern Iowa, Virginia Commonwealth University, and the University of South Florida (USF), where he served as Chair of the Department of Criminology at USF from 2011 to 2019. He also served as the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Crime and Justice from 2010 to 2019, and most recently, as Co-Editor of Justice Quarterly. His knowledge and expertise led to his contracting as a consultant over the span of 20 years in various capacities for the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquenc","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"403 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49632425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2044887
C. Harris, G. Drawve, Shaun A. Thomas, J. Datta, Hannah Steinman
ABSTRACT Amidst the proliferation of community- and place-based, several innovative measurement tools have become more readily available for criminological and criminal justice researchers. The current study illustrates the utility of two novel data sources – Google transportation data and municipal infrastructure files – as a means of extending studies focused on racial and ethnic segregation’s effect on crime to include critical insights from environmental criminology regarding neighborhood boundary permeability. In doing so, we utilize data from over 120 block groups in Little Rock, Arkansas that include measures of Black isolation and boundary permeability: walk times to adjacent neighborhoods and thru streets captured in city infrastructure files. Our findings reveal that both segregation and neighborhood boundary permeability affect crime independently and net of key structural and spatial covariates, but that boundary permeability conditions the effect of segregation on crime. We conclude by discussing how the integration of newer and under-utilized measurement tools advances long-standing research on segregation and crime by operationalizing key theoretical concepts that have remained difficult to include using more standard secondary databases
{"title":"Innovative data in communities and crime research: an example at the intersection of racial segregation, neighborhood permeability, and crime","authors":"C. Harris, G. Drawve, Shaun A. Thomas, J. Datta, Hannah Steinman","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2044887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2044887","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Amidst the proliferation of community- and place-based, several innovative measurement tools have become more readily available for criminological and criminal justice researchers. The current study illustrates the utility of two novel data sources – Google transportation data and municipal infrastructure files – as a means of extending studies focused on racial and ethnic segregation’s effect on crime to include critical insights from environmental criminology regarding neighborhood boundary permeability. In doing so, we utilize data from over 120 block groups in Little Rock, Arkansas that include measures of Black isolation and boundary permeability: walk times to adjacent neighborhoods and thru streets captured in city infrastructure files. Our findings reveal that both segregation and neighborhood boundary permeability affect crime independently and net of key structural and spatial covariates, but that boundary permeability conditions the effect of segregation on crime. We conclude by discussing how the integration of newer and under-utilized measurement tools advances long-standing research on segregation and crime by operationalizing key theoretical concepts that have remained difficult to include using more standard secondary databases","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"609 - 626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49442829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2038232
R. Archer, Melinda Jackson-Jefferson, M. Celebi, Tina Granger
ABSTRACT In Osgood and colleagues (1996), theoretical formulation of unstructured socializing with peers (USWP), namely, the routine activity theory of general deviance posits that spending time in situations with friends, that lack structure, without authority figures present are more conducive to deviance. The present study advances understanding of this situation through use of an initial sample of over 3,500 adolescents from the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) program to examine whether the relationships between parental knowledge and delinquency/substance use are mediated by USWP and peer delinquency/peer substance use. Results showed that lack of parental knowledge leads to greater USWP, which then leads to peer delinquency/peer substance use to result in individual delinquency/substance use. By better understanding the various ways adolescents who spend time in settings of unstructured socializing with peers engage in delinquency, both parents and societal members can take steps to reduce these behaviors, which lead to deviant behavior
{"title":"Understanding the role of unstructured socializing with peers and peer delinquency as mediators in the relationship of parental monitoring and delinquency","authors":"R. Archer, Melinda Jackson-Jefferson, M. Celebi, Tina Granger","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2038232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2038232","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Osgood and colleagues (1996), theoretical formulation of unstructured socializing with peers (USWP), namely, the routine activity theory of general deviance posits that spending time in situations with friends, that lack structure, without authority figures present are more conducive to deviance. The present study advances understanding of this situation through use of an initial sample of over 3,500 adolescents from the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) program to examine whether the relationships between parental knowledge and delinquency/substance use are mediated by USWP and peer delinquency/peer substance use. Results showed that lack of parental knowledge leads to greater USWP, which then leads to peer delinquency/peer substance use to result in individual delinquency/substance use. By better understanding the various ways adolescents who spend time in settings of unstructured socializing with peers engage in delinquency, both parents and societal members can take steps to reduce these behaviors, which lead to deviant behavior","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"588 - 608"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46018400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：